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| Microcephaly v1.268 | CRNKL1 |
Mark Cleghorn gene: CRNKL1 was added gene: CRNKL1 was added to Microcephaly. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: CRNKL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: CRNKL1 were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038 Review for gene: CRNKL1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Unpublished, presented at ESHG June 2024 - Louise Bicknell, University of Otago NZ 8 unrelated families via gene matcher with rare, de novo, missense variants in CRNKL1 severe microcephaly (all, -8 to -11 SD) ID/epilepsy pontocerebellar hypoplasia (6/8) simplified gyration (8/8) 7 variants are missense at p.Arg267 residue 1 variant missense at p.Arg301 RNA-seq on patient fibroblasts - no alteration in gene expression Zebrafish homolog of Arg267 and Arg301 - mimics observed phenotype (reduced brain development), increased in embryo apoptosis RNQ seq on affected zebrafish embryos - transcriptome strongly disrupted Splicing analysis in progress CRKNL1 supports U6 structure in spliceosome Sources: Other |
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| Microcephaly v1.201 | CRIPT | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CRIPT were changed from Short stature with microcephaly and distinctive facies (MIM#615789) to Short stature with microcephaly and distinctive facies (MIM#615789); Rothmund-Thomson syndrome MONDO:0010002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microcephaly v1.200 | CRIPT | Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: CRIPT were set to 24389050; 27250922 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microcephaly v1.199 | CRIPT | Zornitza Stark Classified gene: CRIPT as Green List (high evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microcephaly v1.199 | CRIPT | Zornitza Stark Gene: cript has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microcephaly v1.196 | CRIPT | Karina Sandoval reviewed gene: CRIPT: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 37013901; Phenotypes: Short stature with microcephaly and distinctive facies (MIM#615789), Rothmund-Thomson syndrome MONDO:0010002; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microcephaly v1.194 | CRIPT | Suliman Khan changed review comment from: PMID: 36630262 reported a patient with profound prenatal/postnatal growth restriction, developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, and skin lesions along with the findings of bicytopenia and extensive retinal pigmentation defect. A novel truncating homozygous variant c.7_8delTG; p.(Cys3Argfs*4) was detected in CRIPT gene.; to: PMID: 36630262 reported a patient with profound prenatal/postnatal growth restriction, developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, and skin lesions along with the findings of bicytopenia and extensive retinal pigmentation defect. A novel truncating homozygous variant was detected in CRIPT gene. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microcephaly v1.194 | CRIPT | Suliman Khan reviewed gene: CRIPT: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 36630262; Phenotypes: short stature, microcephaly, distinctive facies; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microcephaly v1.183 | TRA2B |
Elena Savva gene: TRA2B was added gene: TRA2B was added to Microcephaly. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TRA2B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: TRA2B were set to PMID: 36549593 Phenotypes for gene: TRA2B were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, TRA2B-related (MONDO#0700092) Review for gene: TRA2B was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 36549593 - 12 individuals with ID and dev delay. Additional features include infantile spams 6/12, hypotonia 12/12, dilated brain ventricles 6/12, microcephaly 5/12 - All variants result in the loss of 1/2 transcripts (start-losses or PTCs upstream of a second translation start position). Shorter transcript expression is increased, longer transcript expression is decreased. - Apparently het mice K/O are normal, but complete K/O cannot develop embryonically. - DN mechanism suggested Sources: Literature |
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| Microcephaly v1.102 | THUMPD1 |
Chern Lim changed review comment from: Broly, M. et al. (2022) manuscript accepted in AJHG: - 13 individuals from 8 families, loss of function variants (PTVs, one missense, one single AA del). - Common phenotypic findings included global developmental delay, speech delay, moderate to severe intellectual deficiency, behavioral abnormalities such as angry outbursts, facial dysmorphism and ophthalmological abnormalities. Sources: Other; to: Broly, M. et al. (2022), AJHG: - 13 individuals from 8 families, loss of function variants (PTVs, one missense, one single AA del). - Common phenotypic findings included global developmental delay, speech delay, moderate to severe intellectual deficiency, behavioral abnormalities such as angry outbursts, facial dysmorphism and ophthalmological abnormalities. Sources: Other |
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| Microcephaly v1.102 | THUMPD1 |
Chern Lim gene: THUMPD1 was added gene: THUMPD1 was added to Microcephaly. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: THUMPD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: THUMPD1 were set to Syndromic form of intellectual disability associated with developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities, hearing loss and facial dysmorphism, AR Review for gene: THUMPD1 was set to GREEN gene: THUMPD1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Broly, M. et al. (2022) manuscript accepted in AJHG: - 13 individuals from 8 families, loss of function variants (PTVs, one missense, one single AA del). - Common phenotypic findings included global developmental delay, speech delay, moderate to severe intellectual deficiency, behavioral abnormalities such as angry outbursts, facial dysmorphism and ophthalmological abnormalities. Sources: Other |
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| Microcephaly v1.39 | VPS50 |
Zornitza Stark gene: VPS50 was added gene: VPS50 was added to Microcephaly. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS50 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: VPS50 were set to 34037727 Phenotypes for gene: VPS50 were set to Neonatal cholestatic liver disease; Failure to thrive; Profound global developmental delay; Postnatal microcephaly; Seizures; Abnormality of the corpus callosum Review for gene: VPS50 was set to AMBER Added comment: Schneeberger et al (2021 - PMID: 34037727) describe the phenotype of 2 unrelated individuals with biallelic VPS50 variants. Common features included transient neonatal cholestasis, failure to thrive, severe DD with failure to achieve milestones (last examination at 2y and 2y2m respectively), postnatal microcephaly, seizures (onset at 6m and 25m) and irritability. There was corpus callosum hypoplasia on brain imaging. Both individuals were homozygous for variants private to each family (no/not known consanguinity applying to each case). The first individual was homozygous for a splicing variant (NM_017667.4:c.1978-1G>T) and had a similarly unaffected sister deceased with no available DNA for testing. The other individual was homozygous for an in-frame deletion (c.1823_1825delCAA / p.(Thr608del)). VPS50 encodes a critical component of the endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) complex, which functions in recycling endocytic vesicles back to the plasma membrane [OMIM based on Schindler et al]. The complex contains VPS50, VPS51, VPS52, VPS53, the three latter also being components of GARP (Golgi-associated-retrograde protein) complex. GARP contains VPS54 instead of VPS50 and is required for trafficking of proteins to the trans-golgi network. Thus VPS50 (also named syndetin) and VPS54 function in the EARP and GARP complexes, to define directional movement of their endocytic vesicles [OMIM based on Schindler et al]. The VPS50 subunit is required for recycling of the transferrin receptor. As discussed by Schneeberger et al (refs provided in text): - VPS50 has a high expression in mouse and human brain as well as throughout mouse brain development. - Mice deficient for Vps50 have not been reported. vps50 knockdown in zebrafish results in severe developmental defects of the body axis. Knockout mice for other proteins of the EARP/GARP complex (e.g. Vps52, 53 and 54) display embryonic lethality. Studies performed by Schneeberger et al included: - Transcript analysis for the 1st variant demonstrated skipping of ex21 (in patient derived fabriblasts) leading to an in frame deletion of 81 bp (r.1978_2058del) with predicted loss of 27 residues (p.Leu660_Leu686del). - Similar VPS50 mRNA levels but significant reduction of protein levels (~5% and ~8% of controls) were observed in fibroblasts from patients 1 and 2. Additionally, significant reductions in the amounts of VPS52 and VPS53 protein levels were observed despite mRNA levels similar to controls. Overall, this suggested drastic reduction of functional EARP complex levels. - Lysosomes appeared to have similar morphology, cellular distribution and likely unaffected function in patient fibroblasts. - Transferrin receptor recycling was shown to be delayed in patient fibroblasts suggestive of compromise of endocytic-recycling function. As the authors comment, the phenotype of both individuals with biallelic VPS50 variants overlaps with the corresponding phenotype reported in 15 subjects with biallelic VPS53 or VPS51 mutations notably, severe DD/ID, microcephaly and early onset epilepsy, CC anomalies. Overall, for this group, they propose the term "GARP and/or EARP deficiency disorders". There is no VPS50-associated phenotype in OMIM or G2P. SysID includes VPS50 among the ID candidate genes. Sources: Literature |
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| Microcephaly v1.19 | MCM7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MCM7 was added gene: MCM7 was added to Microcephaly. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MCM7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MCM7 were set to 33654309; 34059554 Phenotypes for gene: MCM7 were set to Meier-Gorlin syndrome; Microcephaly; Intellectual disability; Lipodystrophy; Adrenal insufficiency Review for gene: MCM7 was set to AMBER Added comment: MCM7 is a component of the MCM complex, a DNA helicase which is essential for DNA replication. Other components have been linked to disease with phenotypes including microcephaly and ID. MCM7 is not associated with any phenotype in OMIM or G2P at present. ------ Currently there are 3 unrelated pedigrees in literature with different biallelic MCM7 variants associated with disease (see below). Although there is some functional data in support of variant-level deleteriousness or gene-level pathogenicity, the clinical gestalt is very different between the 3 families. - PMID: 33654309 (2021) - Two unrelated individuals with different compound het variants in MCM7 but disparate clinical features. One patient had typical Meier-Gorlin syndrome (including growth retardation, microcephaly, congenital lung emphysema, absent breast development, microtia, facial dysmorphism) whereas the second case had a multi-system disorder with neonatal progeroid appearance, lipodystrophy and adrenal insufficiency. While small at birth, the second patient did not demonstrate reduced stature or microcephaly at age 14.5 years. Both individuals had normal neurodevelopment. Functional studies using patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrate that the identified MCM7 variants were deleterious at either transcript or protein levels and through interfering with MCM complex formation, impact efficiency of S phase progression. - PMID: 34059554 (2021) - Homozygous missense variant identified in three affected individuals from a consanguineous family with severe primary microcephaly, severe ID and behavioural abnormalities. Knockdown of Mcm7 in mouse neuroblastoma cells lead to reduced cell viability and proliferation with increased apoptosis, which were rescued by overexpression of wild-type but not mutant MCM7. Sources: Literature |
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| Microcephaly v0.335 | CRIPT | Zornitza Stark Marked gene: CRIPT as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microcephaly v0.335 | CRIPT | Zornitza Stark Gene: cript has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microcephaly v0.335 | CRIPT | Zornitza Stark Classified gene: CRIPT as Amber List (moderate evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microcephaly v0.335 | CRIPT | Zornitza Stark Gene: cript has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microcephaly v0.328 | CRIPT |
Ain Roesley gene: CRIPT was added gene: CRIPT was added to Microcephaly. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CRIPT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CRIPT were set to 24389050; 27250922 Phenotypes for gene: CRIPT were set to Short stature with microcephaly and distinctive facies (MIM#615789) Penetrance for gene: CRIPT were set to unknown Review for gene: CRIPT was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 24389050 - 2 unrelated probands homozygous for PTVs. However 1 was deceased and DNA was unavailable therefore parents were sequenced - OFCs -2.5 and -2.7SD PMID: 27250922 - 1x proband with a head circumference of Z= -2.7. - het for a missense which was maternally inherited. Because the father was negative for SNVs, they did CMA and found a small heterozygous deletion 1.6kb in size encompassing exon 1 of CRIPT. This deletion was paternally inherited *did not find new reports since Sources: Literature |
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