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Fetal anomalies v2.0 EFNA4 Gene migrated from ENSG00000243364 to ENSG00000243364 (gene set migration)
Fetal anomalies v1.321 EFNA4 Bryony Thompson Publications for gene: EFNA4 were set to 29215649; 29168297; 16540516
Fetal anomalies v1.320 EFNA4 Bryony Thompson Classified gene: EFNA4 as Red List (low evidence)
Fetal anomalies v1.320 EFNA4 Bryony Thompson Gene: efna4 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Fetal anomalies v1.319 EFNA4 Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: EFNA4: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16540516, 19201948, 19772933, 23983218, 29168297, 29215649, 33065355, 34586326, 36140816; Phenotypes: craniosynostosis MONDO:0015469; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v0.3474 EFNA4 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: EFNA4 as ready
Fetal anomalies v0.3474 EFNA4 Zornitza Stark Gene: efna4 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Fetal anomalies v0.3474 EFNA4 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: EFNA4 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Fetal anomalies v0.3474 EFNA4 Zornitza Stark Gene: efna4 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Fetal anomalies v0.3400 EFNA4 Krithika Murali gene: EFNA4 was added
gene: EFNA4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EFNA4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: EFNA4 were set to 29215649; 29168297; 16540516
Phenotypes for gene: EFNA4 were set to Craniosynostosis
Review for gene: EFNA4 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID 29215649 Lee et al 2018 - Cohort of 309 individuals with craniosynostosis tested with a 20-gene panel. Report 1 individual with unicoronal CS with a likely pathogenic EFNA4 variant.

PMID 29168297 Clarke et al 2018 - Study enrolled 397 probands with single suture CS. Report one maternally inherited EFNA4 VUS NM_005227.2:c.550C>T; p.(Leu184Phe) with metopic CS, x1 het in gnomad (v2), variant predicted to escape NMD, not reported in ClinVar/Decipher.

PMID 16540516 Merrill et al 2006 - Tested 81 patients with non-syndromic coronal CS. 3 heterozygous EFNA4 variants detected - x2 missense variants:
- c.178C>T p.H60Y -- 361 hets gnomad
- c.349 C>A p.P117T - 337 hets
- novel frameshift delin 471_472delCCinsA.

All 3 variants inherited from unaffected parent. Functional studies on fibroblast cells from the proband with the frameshift delin variant demonstrated an alternatively spliced minor isoform of EFNA4.
Sources: Literature