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Mendeliome v1.2437 CDKL2 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: CDKL2 as ready
Mendeliome v1.2437 CDKL2 Zornitza Stark Gene: cdkl2 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.2437 CDKL2 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: CDKL2 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v1.2437 CDKL2 Zornitza Stark Gene: cdkl2 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.2436 CDKL2 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CDKL2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CDKL2-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v1.2436 CDKL1 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: CDKL1 as ready
Mendeliome v1.2436 CDKL1 Zornitza Stark Gene: cdkl1 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.2436 CDKL1 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: CDKL1 as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v1.2436 CDKL1 Zornitza Stark Gene: cdkl1 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.2435 CDKL1 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CDKL1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CDKL1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v1.2429 CDKL1 Sarah Milton gene: CDKL1 was added
gene: CDKL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CDKL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CDKL1 were set to PMID: 40088891
Phenotypes for gene: CDKL1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CDKL1-related
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CDKL1 was set to Other
Review for gene: CDKL1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: CDKL1 encodes a cyclin dependent kinase of which there are CDKL1-5 in humans.
(CDKL5 has been associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder previously.)

Bereshneh et al describe 2 individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder with de novo variants in CDKL1 sourced from databases containing individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, no additional phenotypic information was provided. Both variants were missense and present in the population (c.505C>T - 13 heterozygotes in gnomad 4, c.344T>C - 2 heterozygotes gnomad 4).

Both missense variants were located in the kinase domain and dominant negative mechanism was postulated based on drosophilia studies.

Functional studies in drosphilia showed variants seen in probands partially rescued a loss of function model however overexpression of transcripts containing the variants resulted in a more severe phenotype suggesting dominant negative.
Authors also noted the larger than expected number of LOF variants in gnomad for the disease to be caused by this mechanism.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.2429 CDKL2 Sarah Milton gene: CDKL2 was added
gene: CDKL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CDKL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CDKL2 were set to PMID: 40088891
Phenotypes for gene: CDKL2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CDKL2-related
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CDKL2 was set to Other
Review for gene: CDKL2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: CDKL2 encodes a cyclin dependent kinase of which there are CDKL1-5 in humans.
(CDKL5 has been associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder previously.)

Bereshneh et al describe 5 individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder with de novo variants in CDKL2. 3 variants were missense, 1 was an in frame single amino acid deletion.
2 of the individuals described were monozygotic twins who were born at 30/40 and also had PVL on neuroimaging.

Phenotype included GDD (5/5) - severity not described, speech impairment (5/5), motor impairment (4/5), epilepsy (3/5), ID (3/5), IUGR (3/5), poor growth postnatally (3/5), GI/feeding issues (3/5), tone abnormality (3/5)

Missense variants were located in the kinase domain and dominant negative mechanism was postulated based on drosophilia studies.

Functional studies in drosphilia showed variants seen in probands did not completely rescue a loss of function model, as well as this, overexpression of transcripts containing the variants resulted in a more severe phenotype suggesting dominant negative.
Authors also noted the larger than expected number of LOF variants in gnomad for the disease to be caused by this mechanism.
Sources: Literature
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.2386 KLC4 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KLC4: Changed phenotypes: Neurodegeneration, early-childhood-onset, with retinitis pigmentosa, sensorineural hearing loss, and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, MIM# 621129
Mendeliome v1.2384 KMT2C Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KMT2C were changed from Kleefstra syndrome 2, MIM#617768 to Kleefstra syndrome 2, MIM#617768; Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, KMT2C-related
Mendeliome v1.2335 MKL1 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: MKL1.
Mendeliome v1.2335 MKL1 Sangavi Sivagnanasundram commented on gene: MKL1
Mendeliome v1.2131 TNFSF9 Zornitza Stark gene: TNFSF9 was added
gene: TNFSF9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFSF9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TNFSF9 were set to 35657354
Phenotypes for gene: TNFSF9 were set to Hereditary susceptibility to infections, MONDO:0015979, TNFSF9-related
Review for gene: TNFSF9 was set to RED
Added comment: Fournier et al. described one patient with DiGeorge syndrome with a unique susceptibility to EBV with broad EBV infection and smooth muscle tumors. He was found to have a homozygous missense variant (p.V140G) in TNFSF9 coding for CD137L/4-1BBL, the ligand of the T cell co-stimulatory molecule CD137/4-1BB, whose deficiency predisposes to EBV infection.

They show that CD137LV140G mutant was weakly expressed on patient cells or when ectopically expressed in HEK and P815 cells. Importantly, patient EBV-infected B cells failed to trigger the expansion of EBV-specific T cells, resulting in decreased T cell effector responses. T cell expansion was recovered when CD137L expression was restored on B cells.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.2057 KLF1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLF1 were changed from Dyserythropoietic anaemia, congenital, type IV, MIM# 613673; MONDO:0013355 to Dyserythropoietic anaemia, congenital, type IV, MIM# 613673; MONDO:0013355; Anaemia, congenital dyserythropoietic, type IVb, MIM#620969
Mendeliome v1.2056 KLF1 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLF1 were set to 21055716; 33339573; 32815883; 32221653; 32032242; 31818881
Mendeliome v1.2055 KLF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v1.2054 KLF1 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KLF1: Added comment: Ten individuals reported with bi-allelic variants and congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia.; Changed publications: 21055716, 33339573, 32815883, 32221653, 32032242, 31818881, 24443441, 25724378, 28361594, 34554218; Changed phenotypes: Dyserythropoietic anaemia, congenital, type IV, MIM# 613673, MONDO:0013355, Anaemia, congenital dyserythropoietic, type IVb, MIM#620969; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v1.1976 C12orf66 Mark Cleghorn gene: C12orf66 was added
gene: C12orf66 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: C12orf66 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: C12orf66 were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038
Penetrance for gene: C12orf66 were set to unknown
Review for gene: C12orf66 was set to AMBER
Added comment: KICS2 (previously known as C12ORF66)
Rebecca Buchert, Universitatklinikum Tubingen
ESHG talk 2/6/24, unpublished

Proposed ID + epilepsy gene

8 families w 11 affected individuals
Phenotypes: 11/11 ID, 9/11 epilepsy, 3/11 hearing impairment
3/8 homozygous missense variants (p.Asp296Glu, p.Tyr393Cys, p.Tyr393Cys), all highly conserved
1/8 compound het PTC (p.Lys262*) with 1.1Mb deletion
4/8 homozygous PTC (p.Glu3*, p.Gly79Valfs*18, p.Gly79Valfs*18, p.Lys260Asnfs*18)

Gene appears to be involved in mTOR pathway, and cilia function
mTORC1 activity in CRISPR-HEK293T cells – reduced activity in cells w variants above

Zebrafish model: otolith defects, ciliary dysfunction
?not clear that this truly mimics phenotype observed in patient cohort described
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v1.1891 CRNKL1 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: CRNKL1 as ready
Mendeliome v1.1891 CRNKL1 Zornitza Stark Gene: crnkl1 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1891 CRNKL1 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: CRNKL1 as Green List (high evidence)
Mendeliome v1.1891 CRNKL1 Zornitza Stark Gene: crnkl1 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1888 CRNKL1 Mark Cleghorn gene: CRNKL1 was added
gene: CRNKL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: CRNKL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes for gene: CRNKL1 were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038
Review for gene: CRNKL1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Unpublished, presented at ESHG June 2024 - Louise Bicknell, University of Otago NZ
8 unrelated families via gene matcher with rare, de novo, missense variants in CRNKL1
severe microcephaly (all, -8 to -11 SD)
ID/epilepsy
pontocerebellar hypoplasia (6/8)
simplified gyration (8/8)
7 variants are missense at p.Arg267 residue
1 variant missense at p.Arg301
RNA-seq on patient fibroblasts - no alteration in gene expression
Zebrafish homolog of Arg267 and Arg301 - mimics observed phenotype (reduced brain development), increased in embryo apoptosis
RNA seq on affected zebrafish embryos - transcriptome strongly disrupted
Splicing analysis in progress

CRKNL1 supports U6 structure in spliceosome
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v1.1638 TCN1 Bryony Thompson gene: TCN1 was added
gene: TCN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TCN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TCN1 were set to 29764838; 19686235
Phenotypes for gene: TCN1 were set to transcobalamin I deficiency MONDO:0008659
Review for gene: TCN1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Unclear if TC1 deficiency is associated with a clinical phenotype and only found 2 families with genetic findings. 1 confirmed chet (2 truncating variants) with severe TC 1 deficiency (depression and anxiety only reported symptoms, had sickle cell trait) & another family with 2 siblings that are presumed homozygous for a truncating variant (no plasma or serum TC 1 levels but no DNA available for genetic testing) which was found heterozygous in multiple first-degree relatives. Unclear if there is a clinical phenotype. Heterozygous individuals displayed mildly low or low-normal TC 1 serum levels. Also, 4 homozygotes were identified in a study of a loss-of-function variant associated with lower vitamin B12 concentration in African Americans but there was limited ability to assess the clinical impact of the recessive disease
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.1596 CIAO1 Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: PMID:38196629 (note pre-print) describes 4 unrelated patients with core features of progressive muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency, joint hyperlaxity, ankle tightness, calf pseudohypertrophy, elevated CK, and larning disabilities/difficulties. 2 patients presented with increased iron deposition in the brain. Age of recognition of myopathic symptoms varied from early childhood to adolescence.

PMID: 38411040 reports 2 unrelated patients. Patient 1 was born with microcephaly and borderline hypertonia, and died at 18 months of respiratory failure from bronchiolitis. Patient 2 presented with failure to thrive, a hyperkinetic movement disorder, and autism before deteriorating in late teens with muscle weakness, recurrent pneuomonia with respiratory insufficiency, and eventually death due to multi-organ failure with carnificating pneumonia, septic cardiomyopathy, and intracranial hemorrhages. Immune deficiency was ruled out.

All variants reported were homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants, with the exception of one large in-frame deletion of exon 7. Cell line studies showed the variants resulted in reduced protein stability and downstream cellular defects which could be rescued by wild-type CIAO1.
Sources: Literature; to: PMID:38196629 (note pre-print) describes 4 unrelated patients with core features of progressive muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency, joint hyperlaxity, ankle tightness, calf pseudohypertrophy, elevated CK, and larning disabilities/difficulties. 2 patients presented with increased iron deposition in the brain. Age of recognition of myopathic symptoms varied from early childhood to adolescence. Muscle biopsy showed variation in fiber size and an increase in internalized nuclei, as well as scattered degenerating/regenerating fibers and a mild to minimal increase in endomysial fibrosis. Electron microscopy revealed morphologically abnormal mitochondria.

PMID: 38411040 reports 2 unrelated patients. Patient 1 was born with microcephaly and borderline hypertonia, and died at 18 months of respiratory failure from bronchiolitis. Patient 2 presented with failure to thrive, a hyperkinetic movement disorder, and autism before deteriorating in late teens with muscle weakness, recurrent pneuomonia with respiratory insufficiency, and eventually death due to multi-organ failure with carnificating pneumonia, septic cardiomyopathy, and intracranial hemorrhages. Immune deficiency was ruled out.

All variants reported were homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants, with the exception of one large in-frame deletion of exon 7. Cell line studies showed the variants resulted in reduced protein stability and downstream cellular defects which could be rescued by wild-type CIAO1.
Mendeliome v1.1596 CIAO1 Paul De Fazio gene: CIAO1 was added
gene: CIAO1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CIAO1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CIAO1 were set to 38411040; 38196629
Phenotypes for gene: CIAO1 were set to Neuromuscular disease, CIAO1-related (MONDO:0019056)
Penetrance for gene: CIAO1 were set to unknown
Review for gene: CIAO1 was set to GREEN
gene: CIAO1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: PMID:38196629 (note pre-print) describes 4 unrelated patients with core features of progressive muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency, joint hyperlaxity, ankle tightness, calf pseudohypertrophy, elevated CK, and larning disabilities/difficulties. 2 patients presented with increased iron deposition in the brain. Age of recognition of myopathic symptoms varied from early childhood to adolescence.

PMID: 38411040 reports 2 unrelated patients. Patient 1 was born with microcephaly and borderline hypertonia, and died at 18 months of respiratory failure from bronchiolitis. Patient 2 presented with failure to thrive, a hyperkinetic movement disorder, and autism before deteriorating in late teens with muscle weakness, recurrent pneuomonia with respiratory insufficiency, and eventually death due to multi-organ failure with carnificating pneumonia, septic cardiomyopathy, and intracranial hemorrhages. Immune deficiency was ruled out.

All variants reported were homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants, with the exception of one large in-frame deletion of exon 7. Cell line studies showed the variants resulted in reduced protein stability and downstream cellular defects which could be rescued by wild-type CIAO1.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.1572 KLF14 Bryony Thompson Marked gene: KLF14 as ready
Mendeliome v1.1572 KLF14 Bryony Thompson Gene: klf14 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1572 KLF14 Bryony Thompson Classified gene: KLF14 as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v1.1572 KLF14 Bryony Thompson Gene: klf14 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1566 KLF11 Bryony Thompson Publications for gene: KLF11 were set to 15774581; 26248217; 23589285; 31124255
Mendeliome v1.1565 KLF11 Bryony Thompson Classified gene: KLF11 as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v1.1565 KLF11 Bryony Thompson Gene: klf11 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1564 KLF14 Hali Van Niel changed review comment from: PMID: 33389382
Case-sibling study of 92 healthy individuals and 92 type 2 diabetes patients found KLF14 SNPs associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes

PMID: 35081256
Large scale association analysis found type 2 susceptibility of KLF14 SNPS appearing to be driven by reduced insulin sensitivity

PMID: 24486580
Global Meta-analysis found risk allele SNP associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (in global population)
Sources: Other; to: Cannot find any evidence of association with mendelian disease

PMID: 33389382
Case-sibling study of 92 healthy individuals and 92 type 2 diabetes patients found KLF14 SNPs associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes

PMID: 35081256
Large scale association analysis found type 2 susceptibility of KLF14 SNPS appearing to be driven by reduced insulin sensitivity

PMID: 24486580
Global Meta-analysis found risk allele SNP associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (in global population)
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v1.1564 KLF14 Hali Van Niel gene: KLF14 was added
gene: KLF14 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF14 was set to Unknown
Publications for gene: KLF14 were set to 33389382; 35081256; 24486580
Phenotypes for gene: KLF14 were set to diabetes mellitus MONDO:0005015
Review for gene: KLF14 was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 33389382
Case-sibling study of 92 healthy individuals and 92 type 2 diabetes patients found KLF14 SNPs associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes

PMID: 35081256
Large scale association analysis found type 2 susceptibility of KLF14 SNPS appearing to be driven by reduced insulin sensitivity

PMID: 24486580
Global Meta-analysis found risk allele SNP associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (in global population)
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v1.1454 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRICKLE2 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092; global developmental delay, behavioural difficulties ± epilepsy, autistic features, and attention deficit hyperactive disorder. to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, PRICKLE2-related
Mendeliome v1.1453 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: PRICKLE2 were set to 34092786
Mendeliome v1.1452 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: PRICKLE2 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v1.1452 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark Gene: prickle2 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1451 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PRICKLE2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34092786, 21276947, 26942291, 26942292; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, PRICKLE2-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v1.1451 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: PRICKLE1 as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v1.1451 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark Gene: prickle1 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1450 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PRICKLE1: Added comment: LIMITED by ClinGen for AR PME and DISPUTED for AD epilepsy.; Changed rating: RED
Mendeliome v1.1450 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: PRICKLE1 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v1.1450 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark Gene: prickle1 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1449 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PRICKLE1: Added comment: Note all ClinVar entries for this gene are VOUS/LB/B. The variants reported in bi-allelic cases are almost all missense without further supportive data.; Changed rating: AMBER
Mendeliome v1.1293 IRF4 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IRF4: Added comment: PMID 36662884: Seven individuals with profound CID from six kindreds of diverse ethnic origins (Fig. 1A). All affected individuals suffered with early onset (<1 year of age) recurrent sinopulmonary infections, with the opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis jirovecii causing pneumonia in most individuals. p.T95R variant found in all patients. Extensive functional data including knockout mouse model. The heterozygous IRF4T95R variant found in multiple unrelated families caused a fully penetrant, severe very early-onset immunodeficiency characterized by greatly enhanced susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens such as P. jirovecii and weakly pathogenic mycobacteria.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 29537367, 36662884; Changed phenotypes: Combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015131, IRF4-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v1.1169 KLK11 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLK11 as ready
Mendeliome v1.1169 KLK11 Zornitza Stark Gene: klk11 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1169 KLK11 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLK11 as Green List (high evidence)
Mendeliome v1.1169 KLK11 Zornitza Stark Gene: klk11 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1168 KLK11 Zornitza Stark gene: KLK11 was added
gene: KLK11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLK11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KLK11 were set to 36689511; 37212630
Phenotypes for gene: KLK11 were set to Ichthyosis with erythrokeratoderma, MIM# 620507
Review for gene: KLK11 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four families reported: one multiplex with variant segregating with disease in 4 affected and 4 unaffected individuals. Three additional families with de novo variants.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.1156 APOO Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: APOO: Added comment: PMID: 37649161
1 family, 2 individuals (male & female) with same NMD variant c.532G>T (p.E178*), maternally inherited (mother unaffected).

Both died before 18 months of age with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, bilateral congenital cataract, hypothyroidism, and severe immune deficiencies.
Other phenotypes included partial syndactyly of the 2nd and 3rd toes, wrinkled palm, and sole skin.

Functional studies included site directed mutagenesis. This mutation resulted in a highly unstable and degradation
prone MIC26 protein, yet the remaining minute amounts of mutant MIC26 correctly localized to mitochondria and
interacted physically with other MICOS subunits. MIC26 KO cells expressing MIC26 harboring the respective APOO/MIC26 mutation showed mitochondria with perturbed cristae architecture and fragmented morphology resembling MIC26 KO cells.; Changed publications: 37649161; Changed phenotypes: Mitochondrial disease, MONDO:0044970, APOO-related, Developmental delay, Lactic acidosis, Muscle weakness, Hypotonia, Repetitive infections, Cognitive impairment, Autistic behaviour
Mendeliome v1.1094 KLF2 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLF2 were changed from Pulmonary arterial hypertension to Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924, KLF2-related
Mendeliome v1.1093 KLF2 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KLF2: Changed phenotypes: Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924, KLF2-related
Mendeliome v1.1045 KLK1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLK1 were changed from [Kallikrein, decreased urinary activity of] 615953 to [Kallikrein, decreased urinary activity of] 615953; Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924
Mendeliome v1.1044 KLK1 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLK1 were set to
Mendeliome v1.1043 KLK1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLK1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v1.1042 KLK1 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KLK1: Added comment: Association with PAH:

PMID: 31727138
screening of the biobank - 12 individuals with genetic variant in KLK1 relevant to PAH (not all were found to be hereditary). Assay showed that carriers of variants in KLK1 are less clinically severe compared to those who carry variants in BMPR2.

PMID: 17573418
Functional study using sensitive and specific type ELISAs to assay multiple panels of human tissue. KLK1 tissue was abundantly expressed in the pancreas and salivary gland and moderately expressed in the lungs.

Reviewed by ClinGen Pulmonary Hypertension GCEP on 30/8/2022 with LIMITED evidence supporting gene-disease validity; Changed publications: 31727138, 17573418; Changed phenotypes: [Kallikrein, decreased urinary activity of] 615953, Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v1.944 STAG2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: STAG2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28296084, 29263825, 30158690, 31334757, 33014403, 37010288; Phenotypes: Holoprosencephaly 13, X-linked, OMIM:301043, Mullegama-Klein-Martinez syndrome, OMIM:301022; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v1.939 KLHL9 Bryony Thompson Marked gene: KLHL9 as ready
Mendeliome v1.939 KLHL9 Bryony Thompson Gene: klhl9 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.939 KLHL9 Bryony Thompson Classified gene: KLHL9 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v1.939 KLHL9 Bryony Thompson Gene: klhl9 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.938 KLHL9 Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: A single German family reported in 2010, segregating a missense variant c.796T>C p.Leu95Phe. In vitro functional assays demonstrated the variant diminishes the binding of KLHL9 to Cul3.
Sources: Literature; to: A single German family reported in 2010, segregating a missense variant c.796T>C p.Leu95Phe. In vitro functional assays demonstrated the variant diminishes the binding of KLHL9 to Cul3.
Ankle flexion contracture is reported in a mouse model, but there are other significant features present in the homozygous animals too - https://www.mousephenotype.org/data/genes/MGI:2180122
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.938 KLHL9 Bryony Thompson gene: KLHL9 was added
gene: KLHL9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL9 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KLHL9 were set to 20554658
Phenotypes for gene: KLHL9 were set to distal myopathy MONDO:0018949
Review for gene: KLHL9 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A single German family reported in 2010, segregating a missense variant c.796T>C p.Leu95Phe. In vitro functional assays demonstrated the variant diminishes the binding of KLHL9 to Cul3.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.791 MKL2 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: MKL2 as ready
Mendeliome v1.791 MKL2 Zornitza Stark Gene: mkl2 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.791 MKL2 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: MKL2 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v1.791 MKL2 Zornitza Stark Gene: mkl2 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.781 MKL2 Dean Phelan gene: MKL2 was added
gene: MKL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MKL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MKL2 were set to PMID: 37013900
Phenotypes for gene: MKL2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), MKL2-related
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: MKL2 was set to Other
Review for gene: MKL2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 37013900
- de novo missense variants in MKL2 (now known as MRTFB) were identified in two patients with mild dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, global developmental delay, speech apraxia, and impulse control issues. Functional studies in a Drosophila model suggest a gain of function disease mechanism.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.654 KLHL24 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLHL24 were changed from Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy; Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 29, with polyglucosan bodies, MIM# 620236
Mendeliome v1.442 KLHL20 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLHL20 as ready
Mendeliome v1.442 KLHL20 Zornitza Stark Gene: klhl20 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.442 KLHL20 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLHL20 as Green List (high evidence)
Mendeliome v1.442 KLHL20 Zornitza Stark Gene: klhl20 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.441 KLHL20 Dean Phelan gene: KLHL20 was added
gene: KLHL20 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL20 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KLHL20 were set to PMID: 36214804
Phenotypes for gene: KLHL20 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), KLHL20-related
Review for gene: KLHL20 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 36214804
- 14 patients with de novo missense variants in KLHL20. The patients had mild to severe ID, febrile seizures or epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, hyperactivity and subtle dysmorphic facial features.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.276 ADAMTS15 Naomi Baker changed review comment from: PMID: 35962790; Four different homozygous variants identified in five affected individuals from four unrelated consanguineous families presenting with congenital flexion contractures of the interphalangeal joints and hypoplastic or absent palmar creases. All patients also had a mild appearance of fetal finger pads and clinodactyly of the fifth finger. Other reported phenotypes include: ontractures of knee, Achilles tendon, and ankle (4/5), spine involvement (kyphoscoliosis and/or spinal stiffness) (4/5), and orthodontic features (small mouth, dental crowding, missing teeth, or arched palate) (4/5).
Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 35962790; Four different homozygous variants identified in five affected individuals from four unrelated consanguineous families presenting with congenital flexion contractures of the interphalangeal joints and hypoplastic or absent palmar creases. All patients also had a mild appearance of fetal finger pads and clinodactyly of the fifth finger. Other reported phenotypes include: contractures of knee, Achilles tendon, and ankle (4/5), spine involvement (kyphoscoliosis and/or spinal stiffness) (4/5), and orthodontic features (small mouth, dental crowding, missing teeth, or arched palate) (4/5).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.276 ADAMTS15 Naomi Baker gene: ADAMTS15 was added
gene: ADAMTS15 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAMTS15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ADAMTS15 were set to PMID: 35962790
Phenotypes for gene: ADAMTS15 were set to Arthrogryposis (MONDO:0008779), ADMATS15-related
Review for gene: ADAMTS15 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 35962790; Four different homozygous variants identified in five affected individuals from four unrelated consanguineous families presenting with congenital flexion contractures of the interphalangeal joints and hypoplastic or absent palmar creases. All patients also had a mild appearance of fetal finger pads and clinodactyly of the fifth finger. Other reported phenotypes include: ontractures of knee, Achilles tendon, and ankle (4/5), spine involvement (kyphoscoliosis and/or spinal stiffness) (4/5), and orthodontic features (small mouth, dental crowding, missing teeth, or arched palate) (4/5).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.264 COL9A3 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COL9A3 were changed from Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, with or without myopathy, MIM# 600969; Stickler syndrome AR; Deafness AD; Peripheral vitreoretinal degeneration and retinal detachment, AD to Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, with or without myopathy, MIM# 600969; Stickler syndrome, type VI, MIM# 620022; Deafness AD; Peripheral vitreoretinal degeneration and retinal detachment, AD
Mendeliome v1.263 COL9A3 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: COL9A3: Changed phenotypes: Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, with or without myopathy, MIM# 600969, Stickler syndrome, type VI, MIM# 620022, Deafness
Mendeliome v1.206 C18orf32 Naomi Baker gene: C18orf32 was added
gene: C18orf32 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: C18orf32 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: C18orf32 were set to PMID:35107634
Phenotypes for gene: C18orf32 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), C18orf32-related
Review for gene: C18orf32 was set to RED
Added comment: Two siblings reported as affected, although sequencing only performed in one sibling, with homozygous loss-of-function variant identified. Clinical presentation included developmental delay, recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, sparse rough hair, roving eye movements, hypotonia, bilateral ankle contractures and inverted nipples.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v1.137 NFATC2 Paul De Fazio gene: NFATC2 was added
gene: NFATC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NFATC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NFATC2 were set to 35789258
Phenotypes for gene: NFATC2 were set to Skeletal system disorder MONDO:0005172
Review for gene: NFATC2 was set to RED
gene: NFATC2 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Patient born to consanguineous parents homozygous for a frameshift variant. No other (unaffected) members of the family were homozygous. Family history of recurrent childhood deaths.

After a healthy birth the patient developed painless decreased range of motion at 1.5yrs leading to difficulty with ambulation at 3yrs. Formal orthopedic assessment at age 15 years
demonstrated a neurodevelopmentally normal young man with marked bilateral fixed flexion contractures of knees, hips, and ankles. The main musculoskeletal findings were painless contractures of the large and small joints of the upper and lower limbs, osteochondromas, and osteopenia. Patient was diagnosed with B-cell lymphoma at age 18.

Patient CD8+ T-cells show impaired polyfunctionality, and the patient had an accumulation of non-functional memory CD4+ T-cells. TFH cell function was also impaired.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.13835 KLF4 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLF4 as ready
Mendeliome v0.13835 KLF4 Zornitza Stark Gene: klf4 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.13835 KLF4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF4 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.13800 KLF4 Elena Savva Classified gene: KLF4 as Green List (high evidence)
Mendeliome v0.13800 KLF4 Elena Savva Gene: klf4 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.13798 KLF4 Elena Savva gene: KLF4 was added
gene: KLF4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: KLF4 were set to PMID: 35168889; 10431239
Phenotypes for gene: KLF4 were set to Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma MONDO:0019272, KFL4-related
Review for gene: KLF4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 35168889 - 3 patients from 2 unrelated families with palmoplantar keratoderma. Two variants found, fs and a missense.
Functional studies on patient skin biopsy shows "slightly but significantly decreased" protein expression in both children.
Gene was shown to bind the DSG1 promoter and regulate expression. Transfected cells showed reduced DSG1 expression.

PMID: 10431239 - mouse K/O died shortly after birth due to loss of skin barrier function

gnomAD: single het fs in the population
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.13687 COL9A1 Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: COL9A1 were changed from to Stickler syndrome, type IV, MIM# 614134
Mendeliome v0.13685 COL9A1 Ain Roesley reviewed gene: COL9A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16909383, 21421862, 31090205; Phenotypes: Stickler syndrome, type IV, MIM# 614134; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.13675 COL9A2 Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: COL9A2 were changed from to Stickler syndrome, type V MIM#614284' Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 2 MIM#600204
Mendeliome v0.13674 COL9A2 Ain Roesley reviewed gene: COL9A2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21671392, 31090205, 33356723, 10364514, 15633184, 20358595, 8528240; Phenotypes: Stickler syndrome, type V MIM#614284' Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 2 MIM#600204; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.13647 COL11A2 Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: COL11A2 were changed from to Stickler syndrome type 3; Deafness, autosomal dominant 13 MIM#601868; Deafness, autosomal recessive 53 MIM#609706; Fibrochondrogenesis 2 MIM#614524; Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia, autosomal dominant MIM#184840; Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia, autosomal recessive MIM#215150
Mendeliome v0.13645 COL11A2 Ain Roesley reviewed gene: COL11A2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10581026, 25633957, 16033917, 25240749, 22796475, 20112039; Phenotypes: Stickler syndrome type 3, Deafness, autosomal dominant 13 MIM#601868, Deafness, autosomal recessive 53 MIM#609706, Fibrochondrogenesis 2 MIM#614524, Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia, autosomal dominant MIM#184840, Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia, autosomal recessive MIM#215150; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.13285 PKLR Zornitza Stark Marked gene: PKLR as ready
Mendeliome v0.13285 PKLR Zornitza Stark Gene: pklr has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.13285 PKLR Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PKLR were changed from to Pyruvate kinase deficiency, MIM# 266200; Adenosine triphosphate, elevated, of erythrocytes, MIM# 102900
Mendeliome v0.13284 PKLR Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: PKLR were set to
Mendeliome v0.13283 PKLR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PKLR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.13282 PKLR Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PKLR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 1896471, 9160692, 9057665, 16704447, 9090535; Phenotypes: Pyruvate kinase deficiency, MIM# 266200, Adenosine triphosphate, elevated, of erythrocytes, MIM# 102900; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.13011 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRICKLE2 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, global developmental delay, behavioural difficulties ± epilepsy, autistic features, and attention deficit hyperactive disorder. to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092; global developmental delay, behavioural difficulties ± epilepsy, autistic features, and attention deficit hyperactive disorder.
Mendeliome v0.13010 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: PRICKLE1 as ready
Mendeliome v0.13010 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark Gene: prickle1 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.13010 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRICKLE1 were changed from to Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic 1B, MIM# 612437
Mendeliome v0.13009 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: PRICKLE1 were set to
Mendeliome v0.13008 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRICKLE1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.13007 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PRICKLE1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34597683, 30564977, 30345727, 29790814, 26727662, 31035234; Phenotypes: Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic 1B, MIM# 612437; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.12553 ANKLE2 Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ANKLE2 were changed from Microcephaly 16, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 616681 to Microcephaly 16, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 616681
Mendeliome v0.12552 ANKLE2 Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ANKLE2 were changed from Microcephaly 16, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 616681 to Microcephaly 16, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 616681
Mendeliome v0.12551 ANKLE2 Elena Savva Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKLE2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.12548 ANKLE2 Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ANKLE2 were changed from to Microcephaly 16, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 616681
Mendeliome v0.12547 ANKLE2 Elena Savva Marked gene: ANKLE2 as ready
Mendeliome v0.12547 ANKLE2 Elena Savva Gene: ankle2 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.12547 ANKLE2 Elena Savva Publications for gene: ANKLE2 were set to
Mendeliome v0.11281 KLF11 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLF11 as ready
Mendeliome v0.11281 KLF11 Zornitza Stark Gene: klf11 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11281 KLF11 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLF11 were changed from to Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type VII MIM#610508
Mendeliome v0.11280 KLF11 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLF11 were set to
Mendeliome v0.11279 KLF11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF11 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.11278 KLF11 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLF11 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v0.11278 KLF11 Zornitza Stark Gene: klf11 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11277 KLF6 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLF6 as ready
Mendeliome v0.11277 KLF6 Zornitza Stark Gene: klf6 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11277 KLF6 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLF6 as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v0.11277 KLF6 Zornitza Stark Gene: klf6 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11276 KLF6 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KLF6: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: None
Mendeliome v0.11276 KLHDC8B Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLHDC8B as ready
Mendeliome v0.11276 KLHDC8B Zornitza Stark Gene: klhdc8b has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11276 KLHDC8B Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLHDC8B were changed from to {Hodgkin lymphoma, susceptibility to} 236000
Mendeliome v0.11275 KLHDC8B Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLHDC8B as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v0.11275 KLHDC8B Zornitza Stark Gene: klhdc8b has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11274 KLHDC8B Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KLHDC8B: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: {Hodgkin lymphoma, susceptibility to} 236000; Mode of inheritance: None
Mendeliome v0.11274 KLHL10 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLHL10 as ready
Mendeliome v0.11274 KLHL10 Zornitza Stark Gene: klhl10 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11274 KLHL10 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLHL10 were changed from to Spermatogenic failure 11, MIM# 615081
Mendeliome v0.11273 KLHL10 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLHL10 were set to
Mendeliome v0.11272 KLHL10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL10 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.11271 KLHL10 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLHL10 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v0.11271 KLHL10 Zornitza Stark Gene: klhl10 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11270 KLHL10 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KLHL10: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17047026, 15136734, 31479588; Phenotypes: Spermatogenic failure 11, MIM# 615081; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.11267 KLK1 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLK1 as ready
Mendeliome v0.11267 KLK1 Zornitza Stark Gene: klk1 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11267 KLK1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLK1 were changed from to [Kallikrein, decreased urinary activity of] 615953
Mendeliome v0.11266 KLK1 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLK1 as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v0.11266 KLK1 Zornitza Stark Gene: klk1 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11265 KLK1 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KLK1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: [Kallikrein, decreased urinary activity of] 615953; Mode of inheritance: None
Mendeliome v0.11265 KLKB1 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLKB1 as ready
Mendeliome v0.11265 KLKB1 Zornitza Stark Gene: klkb1 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11265 KLKB1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLKB1 were changed from to Fletcher factor (prekallikrein) deficiency, MIM# 612423
Mendeliome v0.11264 KLKB1 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLKB1 were set to
Mendeliome v0.11263 KLKB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLKB1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.11262 KLKB1 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLKB1 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v0.11262 KLKB1 Zornitza Stark Gene: klkb1 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11261 KLKB1 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KLKB1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15461630, 33073460; Phenotypes: Fletcher factor (prekallikrein) deficiency, MIM# 612423; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.11261 KRT1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KRT1 were changed from to Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, MIM#113800; Ichthyosis, cyclic, with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, MIM# 607602; Ichthyosis histrix, Curth-Macklin type, MIM# 146590; Palmoplantar keratoderma, epidermolytic, MIM# 144200; Palmoplantar keratoderma, nonepidermolytic, MIM# 600962
Mendeliome v0.11258 KRT1 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KRT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 7511022, 21271994, 11286630; Phenotypes: Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, MIM#113800, Ichthyosis, cyclic, with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, MIM# 607602, Ichthyosis histrix, Curth-Macklin type, MIM# 146590, Palmoplantar keratoderma, epidermolytic, MIM# 144200, Palmoplantar keratoderma, nonepidermolytic, MIM# 600962; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.11071 CHKA Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: CHKA was added
gene: CHKA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CHKA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CHKA were set to 35202461
Phenotypes for gene: CHKA were set to Abnormal muscle tone; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Microcephaly; Abnormality of movement; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Short stature
Penetrance for gene: CHKA were set to Complete
Review for gene: CHKA was set to GREEN
Added comment: Klöckner (2022 - PMID: 35202461) describe the phenotype of 6 individuals (from 5 unrelated families) harboring biallelic CHKA variants.

Shared features incl. abnormal muscle tone(6/6 - hypertonia or hypotonia, 3/6 each), DD/ID (6/6,severe in 4, severe/profound in 2), epilepsy (6/6 - onset: infancy - 3y2m | epileptic spasms or GS at onset), microcephaly (6/6), movement disorders (3/6 - incl. dyskinesia, rigidity, choreoatetotic movements). 2/5 individuals exhibited MRI abnormalities, notably hypomyelination. Short stature was observed in 4/6.

Eventual previous genetic testing was not discussed.

Exome sequencing (quattro ES for 2 sibs, trio ES for 1 individual, singleton for 3 probands) revealed biallelic CHKA variants in all affected individuals. Sanger sequencing was performed for confirmation and segregation studies.

Other variants (in suppl.) were not deemed to be causative for the neurodevelopmental phenotype.

3 different missense, 1 start-loss and 1 truncating variant were identified, namely (NM_0012772.2):
- c.421C>T/p.(Arg141Trp) [3 hmz subjects from 2 consanguineous families],
- c.580C>T/p.Pro194Ser [1 hmz individual born to consanguineous parents],
- c.2T>C/p.(Met1?) [1 hmz individual born to related parents],
- c.14dup/p.(Cys6Leufs*19) in trans with c.1021T>C/p.(Phe341Leu) in 1 individual.

CHKA encodes choline kinase alpha, an enzyme catalyzing the first step of phospholipid synthesis in the Kennedy pathway. The pathway is involved in de novo synthesis of glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine being the most abundant in eukaryotic membranes.

CHKA with its paralog (CHKB) phosphorylates either choline or ethanolamine to phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine respectively with conversion of ATP to ADP.

As the authors comment, biallelic pathogenic variants in CHKB cause a NDD with muscular dystrophy, hypotonia, ID, microcephaly and structural mitochondrial anomalies (MIM 602541). [Prominent mitochondrial patterning was observed in a single muscle biopsy available from an individual with biallelic CHKA variants].

Other disorders of the Kennedy pathway (due to biallelic PCYT2, SELENOI, PCYT1A variants) present with overlapping features incl. variable DD/ID (no-severe), microcephaly, seizures, visual impairment etc.

CHKA variants were either absent or observed once in gnomAD, affected highly conserved AAs with multiple in silico predictions in favor of a deleterious effect.

In silico modeling suggests structural effects for several of the missense variants (Arg141Trp, Pro194Ser presumably affect ADP binding, Phe341 lying close to the binding site of phosphocholine).

Each of the missense variants was expressed in yeast cells and W. Blot suggested expression at the expected molecular weight at comparative levels. The 3 aforementioned variants exhibited reduced catalytic activity (20%, 15%, 50% respectively).

NMD is thought to underly the deleterious effect of the frameshift one (not studied).

The start-loss variant is expected to result in significantly impaired expression and protein function as eventual utilization of the next possible start codon - occurring at position 123 - would remove 26% of the protein.

Chka(-/-) is embryonically lethal in mice, suggesting that complete loss is not compatible with life. Reduction of choline kinase activity by 30% in heterozygous mice did not appear to result in behavioral abnormalities although this was not studied in detail (PMID cited: 18029352). Finally, screening of 1566 mouse lines identified 198 genes whose disruption yields neuroanatomical phenotypes, Chka(+/-) mice being among these (PMID cited: 31371714).

There is no associated phenotype in OMIM, Gene2Phenotype or SysID.

Overall this gene can be considered for inclusion in the ID and epilepsy panes with green or amber rating (>3 individuals, >3 variants, variant studies, overlapping phenotype of disorders belonging to the same pathway, etc). Consider also inclusion in the microcephaly panel (where available this seemed to be of postnatal onset).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.10686 MEOX1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MEOX1 were changed from to Klippel-Feil syndrome 2, OMIM:214300; Klippel-Feil syndrome 2, autosomal recessive, MONDO:0008958
Mendeliome v0.10683 MEOX1 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MEOX1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24073994, 23290072; Phenotypes: Klippel-Feil syndrome 2, OMIM:214300, Klippel-Feil syndrome 2, autosomal recessive, MONDO:0008958; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.10101 GDF6 Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GDF6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30733656, 29130651, 26643732, 19129173, 23307924, 32737436; Phenotypes: Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominantMIM#118100, Leber congenital amaurosis 17 (MIM#615360), Microphthalmia, isolated 4 (MIM#613094), Multiple synostoses syndrome 4 (MIM#617898); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.9655 HNRNPK Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: HNRNPK: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30998304, 26173930, 29904177, 26954065, 28771707; Phenotypes: Au-Kline syndrome MIM#616580; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.9654 HNRNPK Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPK were changed from to Au-Kline syndrome MIM#616580
Mendeliome v0.9638 HNRNPK Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HNRNPK: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Au-Kline syndrome MIM#616580; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.9342 CERKL Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: CERKL were set to 33322828; 32865075; 32411380
Mendeliome v0.9341 CERKL Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CERKL: Changed publications: 33322828, 32865075, 32411380, 14681825, 24043777, 28838317, 27208204, 28130426
Mendeliome v0.9341 CERKL Zornitza Stark Marked gene: CERKL as ready
Mendeliome v0.9341 CERKL Zornitza Stark Gene: cerkl has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.9341 CERKL Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CERKL were changed from Retinitis pigmentosa 26, MIM# 608380 to Retinitis pigmentosa 26, MIM# 608380
Mendeliome v0.9341 CERKL Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CERKL were changed from to Retinitis pigmentosa 26, MIM# 608380
Mendeliome v0.9340 CERKL Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: CERKL were set to
Mendeliome v0.9339 CERKL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CERKL was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9338 CERKL Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CERKL: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33322828, 32865075, 32411380; Phenotypes: Retinitis pigmentosa 26, MIM# 608380; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9085 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: PRICKLE2 as ready
Mendeliome v0.9085 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark Gene: prickle2 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.9085 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRICKLE2 were changed from to Neurodevelopmental disorder, global developmental delay, behavioural difficulties ± epilepsy, autistic features, and attention deficit hyperactive disorder.
Mendeliome v0.9084 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: PRICKLE2 were set to
Mendeliome v0.9083 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRICKLE2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.9082 PRICKLE2 Hazel Phillimore reviewed gene: PRICKLE2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 34092786; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, global developmental delay, behavioural difficulties ± epilepsy, autistic features, and attention deficit hyperactive disorder.; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8834 RNF220 Zornitza Stark gene: RNF220 was added
gene: RNF220 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RNF220 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RNF220 were set to 33964137; 10881263
Phenotypes for gene: RNF220 were set to Leukodystrophy; CNS hypomyelination; Ataxia; Intellectual disability; Sensorineural hearing impairment; Elevated hepatic transaminases; Hepatic fibrosis; Dilated cardiomyopathy; Spastic paraplegia; Dysarthria; Abnormality of the corpus callosum
Review for gene: RNF220 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Sferra et al (2021 - PMID: 33964137) provide extensive evidence that biallelic RNF220 mutations cause a disorder characterized by hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, ataxia (9/9 - onset 1-5y), borderline intellectual functioning (3/9) / intellectual disability (5/9 - in most cases mild), sensorineural deafness (9/9) with complete hearing loss in the first decade of life, hepatopathy (9/9) with associated periportal fibrosis, and dilated cardiomyopathy (9/9) which was fatal.

Other neurologic manifestations apart from ataxia incl. hyperreflexia (8/8), spastic paraplegia (9/9), dysarthria (9/9), peripheral neuropathy (4/9), seizures in one case (1/9). Upon brain MRI there was thin corpus callosum (9/9) or cerebellar atrophy in some (2/9).

The authors identified homozygosity for 2 recurrent missense RNF220 variants in affected members belonging to these 5 broad consanguineous pedigrees (7 families), namely NM_018150.4:c.1094G>A / p.Arg365Gly in 4 Roma families in the context of a shared haplotype (/founder effect) as well as c.1088G>A / p.Arg363Gly in a large pedigree from southern Italy initially reported by Leuzzi et al (2000 - PMID: 10881263).

Extensive segregation analyses were carried out including several affected and unaffected members.

RNF220 encodes ring finger protein 220, which functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Previous studies have shown among others a role in modulation of Sonic hedgehog/GLI signaling and cerebellar development

Evidence for the role of RNF220 included relevant expression, localization within the cell, interaction partners (lamin B1, 20S proteasome), similarities with other laminopathies in terms of phenotype, etc :
*RNF220 has a relevant expression pattern in CNS (based on qRT-PCR analyses in human brain, cerebellum, cerebral cortex / mRNA levels in human fetal CNS with higher expression in cerebellum, spinal cord and cortex / previous GTEx data / protein levels in mouse CNS)
*The protein displays nuclear localization based on iPSC cells differentiated to motor neurons (also supported by data from the Human Protein Atlas). Transfection of COS-1 cells demonstrated localization primarily to the nucleus (as also previously demonstrated in HEK293T cells) in vesicle like structures with ASF2/SF2 colocalization suggesting enrichment in nuclear speckles. There was also partial co-distribution with the 20S proteasome. R363Q and R365Q additionally coalesced in the cytoplasm forming protein aggregates/inclusions.
*Immunofluorescence studies in patient fibroblasts also confirmed abnormal increase of the protein in the cytoplasm and increased fluorescence with the 20S proteasome.
*Proteomic identification of RNF220-interacting proteins in transfected HEK293T cells demonstrated enrichment for all members of the lamin protein family (incl . lamin B1, AC, B2).
*RNAi-mediated downregulation of RNF222 in Drosophila suggested altered subcellular localization and accumulation of the fly orthologue for human lamin B1.
*Immunoprecipitation of lamin B1 from the nuclear matrix of cerebellar cells suggested significant interaction of endogenous lamin B1 with RNF220, while transfection studies in HEK293T cells for wt/mt suggested reduced binding to endogenous lamin B1 for RNF220 mt compared to wt (more prominent for R365Q). RNF220 mutants also reduced ubiquitination of nuclear lamin B1 compared to wt.
*Patient fibroblasts immunostained with different nuclear envelope markers displayed abnormal nuclear shapes with multiple invaginations and lobulations, findings also observed in laminopathies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8784 KLK4 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLK4 as ready
Mendeliome v0.8784 KLK4 Zornitza Stark Gene: klk4 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.8784 KLK4 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLK4 were changed from to Amelogenesis imperfecta, type IIA1, MIM# 204700
Mendeliome v0.8783 KLK4 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLK4 were set to
Mendeliome v0.8782 KLK4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLK4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8781 KLK4 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KLK4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15235027, 23355523, 28611678, 27066511; Phenotypes: Amelogenesis imperfecta, type IIA1, MIM# 204700; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8158 KLHL7 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLHL7 as ready
Mendeliome v0.8158 KLHL7 Zornitza Stark Gene: klhl7 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.8158 KLHL7 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLHL7 were changed from to PERCHING syndrome (MIM#617055); Retinitis pigmentosa 42 (MIM#612943)
Mendeliome v0.8157 KLHL7 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLHL7 were set to
Mendeliome v0.8156 KLHL7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL7 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8145 KLHL7 Ain Roesley reviewed gene: KLHL7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31953236, 30300710, 31856884; Phenotypes: PERCHING syndrome (MIM#617055), Retinitis pigmentosa 42 (MIM#612943); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.8062 KLF1 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLF1 as ready
Mendeliome v0.8062 KLF1 Zornitza Stark Gene: klf1 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.8062 KLF1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLF1 were changed from to Dyserythropoietic anaemia, congenital, type IV, MIM# 613673; MONDO:0013355
Mendeliome v0.8061 KLF1 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLF1 were set to
Mendeliome v0.8060 KLF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8059 KLF1 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KLF1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21055716, 33339573, 32815883, 32221653, 32032242, 31818881; Phenotypes: Dyserythropoietic anaemia, congenital, type IV, MIM# 613673, MONDO:0013355; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7926 COL9A3 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COL9A3 were changed from Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, with or without myopathy, MIM# 600969; Stickler syndrome; Deafness to Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, with or without myopathy, MIM# 600969; Stickler syndrome AR; Deafness AD; Peripheral vitreoretinal degeneration and retinal detachment, AD
Mendeliome v0.7891 COL9A3 Kristin Rigbye reviewed gene: COL9A3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33633367; Phenotypes: Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, with or without myopathy, AD, MIM# 600969, Stickler syndrome, AR, Deafness, AD, Peripheral vitreoretinal degeneration and retinal detachment, AD; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7730 KLHL3 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLHL3 as ready
Mendeliome v0.7730 KLHL3 Zornitza Stark Gene: klhl3 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.7730 KLHL3 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLHL3 were changed from to Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type IID, MIM# 614495
Mendeliome v0.7729 KLHL3 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLHL3 were set to
Mendeliome v0.7728 KLHL3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL3 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7727 KLHL3 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KLHL3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22266938, 22406640, 24821705, 34022862, 32462939; Phenotypes: Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type IID, MIM# 614495; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7700 KLHL13 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLHL13 as ready
Mendeliome v0.7700 KLHL13 Zornitza Stark Gene: klhl13 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.7700 KLHL13 Zornitza Stark gene: KLHL13 was added
gene: KLHL13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL13 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: KLHL13 were set to 24627108
Phenotypes for gene: KLHL13 were set to HMSN
Review for gene: KLHL13 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family (two affected males) with an inherited peripheral neuropathy, no functional analysis.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.7084 FBN2 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FBN2: Added comment: The association between mono-allelic variants in FBN2 and CCA is well established. Recent report of bi-allelic variants, Kloth (2021): biallelic FBN2 variants (PTC/missense) in a teenager with severe CCA, including cardiac defects, mild scoliosis and muscular involvement. Carrier parents both "healthy/unaffected". Phenotype matches mouse K/O. Authors performed a lit review and identified an additional 2 homozygous patients (both missense variants) with - fetal akinesia, brain ischemia and neonatal death - severe muscle weakness with bilateral clubfeet, a pronounced gait disturbance, recurrent patellar dislocations, flexion contractures, camptodactyly, widespread striae and an unusual myofibrillar disorganization, variation in fiber size and atrophic fibers in muscle biopsy.

Evidence for association with Macular degeneration, early-onset MIM#616118 is limited. One family reported, plus some rare variants reported in cohort studies. The familial variant p.Glu1144Lys is present in 11 hets in gnomad and has benign in silicos. The second variant reported in the paper, p.Met1247Thr is present in >20 hets.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 33571691; Changed phenotypes: Contractural arachnodactyly, congenital MIM#121050, Macular degeneration, early-onset MIM#616118; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6683 KLC4 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLC4 as ready
Mendeliome v0.6683 KLC4 Zornitza Stark Gene: klc4 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.6683 KLC4 Zornitza Stark gene: KLC4 was added
gene: KLC4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLC4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KLC4 were set to 26423925
Phenotypes for gene: KLC4 were set to Complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia
Review for gene: KLC4 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6544 COL9A3 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COL9A3 were changed from to Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, with or without myopathy, MIM# 600969; Stickler syndrome; Deafness
Mendeliome v0.6541 COL9A3 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COL9A3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30450842, 31090205, 24273071, 10090888, 15551337; Phenotypes: Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, with or without myopathy, MIM# 600969, Stickler syndrome, Deafness; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6507 NLRP3 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NLRP3 were changed from to Familial cold inflammatory syndrome 1, MIM#120100; Muckle-Wells syndrome, MIM#191900; CINCA syndrome, MIM#607115; Deafness, autosomal dominant 34, with or without inflammation, MIM#617772; Keratoendothelitis fugax hereditaria, MIM#148200
Mendeliome v0.6485 NLRP3 Elena Savva reviewed gene: NLRP3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID: 25038238; Phenotypes: Familial cold inflammatory syndrome 1, MIM#120100, Muckle-Wells syndrome, MIM#191900, CINCA syndrome, MIM#607115, Deafness, autosomal dominant 34, with or without inflammation, MIM#617772, Keratoendothelitis fugax hereditaria, MIM#148200; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Mendeliome v0.6221 KL Bryony Thompson Marked gene: KL as ready
Mendeliome v0.6221 KL Bryony Thompson Gene: kl has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.6221 KL Bryony Thompson Publications for gene: KL were set to
Mendeliome v0.6220 KL Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: KL were changed from to Tumoral calcinosis, hyperphosphatemic, familial, 3 MIM#617994; Hyperphosphatemia
Mendeliome v0.6219 KL Bryony Thompson Classified gene: KL as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v0.6219 KL Bryony Thompson Gene: kl has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.6218 KL Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: KL: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17710231, 31013726, 9363890; Phenotypes: Tumoral calcinosis, hyperphosphatemic, familial, 3 MIM#617994, Hyperphosphatemia; Mode of inheritance: None
Mendeliome v0.5799 LOXL3 Zornitza Stark gene: LOXL3 was added
gene: LOXL3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: LOXL3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LOXL3 were set to 30362103; 25663169
Phenotypes for gene: LOXL3 were set to Stickler syndrome
Review for gene: LOXL3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with homozygous missense variants, mouse model supports gene-disease association.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.5572 GDF6 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GDF6 were changed from Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominant 118100; Leber congenital amaurosis 17 615360; Microphthalmia with coloboma 6, digenic 613703; Microphthalmia, isolated 4 613094; Multiple synostoses syndrome 4 617898 to Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominant 118100; Leber congenital amaurosis 17 615360; Microphthalmia with coloboma 6, digenic 613703; Microphthalmia, isolated 4 613094; Multiple synostoses syndrome 4 617898; CAKUT
Mendeliome v0.5571 GDF6 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GDF6 were changed from to Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominant 118100; Leber congenital amaurosis 17 615360; Microphthalmia with coloboma 6, digenic 613703; Microphthalmia, isolated 4 613094; Multiple synostoses syndrome 4 617898
Mendeliome v0.5567 GDF6 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GDF6: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18425797, 19129173; Phenotypes: Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominant 118100; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5567 GDF6 Belinda Chong reviewed gene: GDF6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 32737436; Phenotypes: Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominant 118100, Leber congenital amaurosis 17 615360, Microphthalmia with coloboma 6, digenic 613703, Microphthalmia, isolated 4 613094, Multiple synostoses syndrome 4 617898; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Mendeliome v0.5458 ATP6V0A2 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATP6V0A2 were changed from to Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIA, MIM# 219200; Wrinkly skin syndrome, MIM#278250
Mendeliome v0.5455 ATP6V0A2 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ATP6V0A2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29952037, 22773132; Phenotypes: Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIA, MIM# 219200, Wrinkly skin syndrome, MIM#278250; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5182 HBB Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HBB were changed from to Delta-beta thalassemia 141749; Erythrocytosis 6 617980; Heinz body anemia 140700; Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin 141749; Methemoglobinemia, beta type 617971; Sickle cell anemia 603903; Thalassemia-beta, dominant inclusion-body 603902; Thalassemia, beta 613985
Mendeliome v0.5174 HBB Elena Savva reviewed gene: HBB: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 31788855, 20301599, 29700171; Phenotypes: {Malaria, resistance to} 611162, Delta-beta thalassemia 141749, Erythrocytosis 6 617980, Heinz body anemia 140700, Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin 141749, Methemoglobinemia, beta type 617971, Sickle cell anemia 603903, Thalassemia-beta, dominant inclusion-body 603902, Thalassemia, beta 613985; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.4944 KLHL41 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLHL41 as ready
Mendeliome v0.4944 KLHL41 Zornitza Stark Gene: klhl41 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.4944 KLHL41 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLHL41 were changed from to Nemaline myopathy 9, MIM# 615731
Mendeliome v0.4943 KLHL41 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLHL41 were set to
Mendeliome v0.4942 KLHL41 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL41 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4941 KLHL41 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KLHL41: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24268659, 30986853, 28939701, 28826497; Phenotypes: Nemaline myopathy 9, MIM# 615731; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4941 KLHL40 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: KLHL40.
Mendeliome v0.4941 KLHL40 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLHL40 as ready
Mendeliome v0.4941 KLHL40 Zornitza Stark Gene: klhl40 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.4941 KLHL40 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLHL40 were changed from to Nemaline myopathy 8, autosomal recessive, MIM# 615348
Mendeliome v0.4940 KLHL40 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLHL40 were set to
Mendeliome v0.4939 KLHL40 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL40 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4938 KLHL40 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KLHL40: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23746549, 24960163, 32352246, 31908664, 27528495; Phenotypes: Nemaline myopathy 8, autosomal recessive, MIM# 615348; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4938 MYO18B Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MYO18B were changed from to Klippel-Feil syndrome 4, autosomal recessive, with myopathy and facial dysmorphism, MIM# 616549
Mendeliome v0.4935 MYO18B Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MYO18B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25748484, 27858739, 32637634, 32184166, 27879346; Phenotypes: Klippel-Feil syndrome 4, autosomal recessive, with myopathy and facial dysmorphism, MIM# 616549; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4789 PRICKLE3 Seb Lunke Marked gene: PRICKLE3 as ready
Mendeliome v0.4789 PRICKLE3 Seb Lunke Gene: prickle3 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.4789 PRICKLE3 Seb Lunke Classified gene: PRICKLE3 as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v0.4789 PRICKLE3 Seb Lunke Gene: prickle3 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.4783 PRICKLE3 Teresa Zhao gene: PRICKLE3 was added
gene: PRICKLE3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRICKLE3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Publications for gene: PRICKLE3 were set to 32516135
Phenotypes for gene: PRICKLE3 were set to Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy MIM#535000
Review for gene: PRICKLE3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Reported as X-linked LHON modifier (c.157C>T, p.Arg53Trp) in PRICKLE3 in 3 Chinese families. All affected individuals carried both ND4 11778G>A and p.Arg53Trp mutations, while subjects bearing only a single mutation exhibited normal vision.

Defective assembly, stability, and function of ATP synthase observed using Lymphoblastoid cell lines from one of the families.

This finding indicated that the p.Arg53Trp mutation acted in synergy with the m.11778G>A mutation and deteriorated mitochondrial dysfunctions necessary for the expression of LHON.

Prickle3-deficient mice exhibited pronounced ATPase deficiencies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4063 COL11A1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COL11A1 were changed from to Fibrochondrogenesis 1 (MIM#228520); Marshall syndrome (MIM#154780); Stickler syndrome, type II (MIM#604841)
Mendeliome v0.4059 COL11A1 Elena Savva reviewed gene: COL11A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID 25073711, 30245514, 32427345, 27081569, 21035103; Phenotypes: Fibrochondrogenesis 1 (MIM#228520), Marshall syndrome (MIM#154780), Stickler syndrome, type II (MIM#604841), {Lumbar disc herniation, susceptibility to}, (MIM#603932), ?Deafness, autosomal dominant 37, (MIM#618533); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4028 ANKLE2 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ANKLE2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25259927, 30214071, 31735666; Phenotypes: Microcephaly 16, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 616681; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3761 CAST Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CAST were changed from to Peeling skin with leukonychia, acral punctate keratoses, cheilitis, and knuckle pads (MIM#616295)
Mendeliome v0.3758 CAST Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CAST: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25683118, 31392520, 30656735, 28851602; Phenotypes: Peeling skin with leukonychia, acral punctate keratoses, cheilitis, and knuckle pads (MIM#616295); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3569 KLF10 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLF10 as ready
Mendeliome v0.3569 KLF10 Zornitza Stark Gene: klf10 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.3569 KLF10 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLF10 as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v0.3569 KLF10 Zornitza Stark Gene: klf10 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.3561 KLF10 Paul De Fazio edited their review of gene: KLF10: Changed rating: RED
Mendeliome v0.3561 KLF10 Paul De Fazio gene: KLF10 was added
gene: KLF10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF10 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: KLF10 were set to 22234868
Phenotypes for gene: KLF10 were set to HCM
gene: KLF10 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Curated by ClinGen and rated as limited evidence.

Misssense mutations reported in six unrelated individuals patients (two males/four females), with family history of HCM only reported for one individual (PMID: 22234868). No further reports in the literature.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3520 KLF2 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLF2 as ready
Mendeliome v0.3520 KLF2 Zornitza Stark Gene: klf2 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.3520 KLF2 Zornitza Stark gene: KLF2 was added
gene: KLF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KLF2 were set to 28188237
Phenotypes for gene: KLF2 were set to Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Review for gene: KLF2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3278 PYCR1 Dean Phelan changed review comment from: Aortopathy/Connective tissue review

Variants in this gene are associated with Cutis Laxa:
Cutis laxa type 2 (ARCL2, [MIM 219200]) is an autosomal-recessive multisystem disorder with prominent connective-tissue features characterized by the appearance of premature aging, particularly wrinkled and lax skin with reduced elasticity.

GEL PanelApp: Green in EDS panel - clinical features overlapping EDS
Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIIB (ARCL3B) PMID: 19648921,4076251, 22052856
Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIB (ARCL2B) PMID: 19576563, 19648921, 9648921, 22052856, 28294978 AR

PMID: 27756598: a homozygous mutation in PYCR1 segregating in the family with the affected individuals with complex connective tissue disorder and severe intellectual disability.; to: Aortopathy/Connective tissue review

Variants in this gene are associated with Cutis Laxa:
Cutis laxa type 2 (ARCL2, [MIM 219200]) is an autosomal-recessive multisystem disorder with prominent connective-tissue features characterized by the appearance of premature aging, particularly wrinkled and lax skin with reduced elasticity.

GEL PanelApp: Green in EDS panel - clinical features overlapping EDS
Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIIB (ARCL3B) PMID: 19648921,4076251, 22052856
Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIB (ARCL2B) PMID: 19576563, 19648921, 9648921, 22052856, 28294978 AR

PMID: 27756598: a homozygous mutation in PYCR1 segregating in the family with the affected individuals with complex connective tissue disorder and severe intellectual disability.
Mendeliome v0.2773 KLB Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLB as ready
Mendeliome v0.2773 KLB Zornitza Stark Gene: klb has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.2773 KLB Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLB were changed from to Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Mendeliome v0.2772 KLB Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLB as Green List (high evidence)
Mendeliome v0.2772 KLB Zornitza Stark Gene: klb has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.2771 KLB Zornitza Stark gene: KLB was added
gene: KLB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KLB were set to 28754744
Review for gene: KLB was set to GREEN
Added comment: Seven heterozygous loss‐of‐function KLB mutations in 13 individuals reported. In mice, lack of Klb led to delayed puberty, altered estrous cyclicity, and subfertility due to a hypothalamic defect associated with inability of GnRH neurons to release GnRH in response to FGF21.
Functional analysis showed decreased activity in response to FGF21 and FGF8.
KLB is an obligate coreceptor for FGF21 alongside FGFR1.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2589 KLC2 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLC2 as ready
Mendeliome v0.2589 KLC2 Zornitza Stark Gene: klc2 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.2589 KLC2 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: KLC2.
Mendeliome v0.2589 KLC2 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLC2 as Green List (high evidence)
Mendeliome v0.2589 KLC2 Zornitza Stark Gene: klc2 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.2588 KLC2 Zornitza Stark gene: KLC2 was added
gene: KLC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KLC2 were set to 26385635
Phenotypes for gene: KLC2 were set to Spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy, and neuropathy MIM#609541
Review for gene: KLC2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: In 73 Brazilian patients and 2 sibs of Egyptian descent with SPOAN, a homozygous 216-bp deletion in the noncoding upstream region of the KLC2 gene was identified. Only reported cause of condition is the upstream large deletion, which is not detected by whole-exome sequencing.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.2458 KLHL24 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLHL24 were changed from Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy to Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Mendeliome v0.2457 KLHL24 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLHL24 were set to 29779254; 30120936
Mendeliome v0.2456 KLHL24 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL24 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2455 KLHL24 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KLHL24: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30715372; Phenotypes: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2446 CDKL5 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: CDKL5 as ready
Mendeliome v0.2446 CDKL5 Zornitza Stark Gene: cdkl5 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.2446 CDKL5 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CDKL5 were changed from to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 2, MIM 300672
Mendeliome v0.2445 CDKL5 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: CDKL5 were set to
Mendeliome v0.2444 CDKL5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDKL5 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.2440 CDKL5 Teresa Zhao reviewed gene: CDKL5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 2, MIM 300672; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.2377 CDKL5 Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CDKL5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 27080038, 30842224; Phenotypes: Rett syndrome, Rett-like phenotypes, Epileptic encephalopathy; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.1956 MKL1 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: MKL1 as ready
Mendeliome v0.1956 MKL1 Zornitza Stark Gene: mkl1 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.1956 MKL1 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: MKL1 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v0.1956 MKL1 Zornitza Stark Gene: mkl1 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.1955 MKL1 Zornitza Stark gene: MKL1 was added
gene: MKL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MKL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MKL1 were set to 32128589; 26224645
Phenotypes for gene: MKL1 were set to Neutropaenia with combined immune deficiency
Review for gene: MKL1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1641 KMT2C Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KMT2C were changed from to Kleefstra syndrome 2, MIM#617768
Mendeliome v0.1635 KMT2C Elena Savva reviewed gene: KMT2C: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Kleefstra syndrome 2; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Mendeliome v0.1496 COL2A1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COL2A1 were changed from to Achondrogenesis, type II or hypochondrogenesis 200610; Avascular necrosis of the femoral head 608805; Czech dysplasia 609162; Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, with myopia and deafness 132450; Kniest dysplasia 156550; Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 150600; Osteoarthritis with mild chondrodysplasia 604864; Platyspondylic skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type 151210; SED congenita 183900; SMED Strudwick type 184250; Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Stanescu type 616583; Spondyloperipheral dysplasia 271700; Stickler sydrome, type I, nonsyndromic ocular 609508; Stickler syndrome, type I 108300; Vitreoretinopathy with phalangeal epiphyseal dysplasia
Mendeliome v0.1473 COL2A1 Elena Savva reviewed gene: COL2A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 15895462, 17721977, 27234559, 20179744; Phenotypes: Achondrogenesis, type II or hypochondrogenesis 200610, Avascular necrosis of the femoral head 608805, Czech dysplasia 609162, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, with myopia and deafness 132450, Kniest dysplasia 156550, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 150600, Osteoarthritis with mild chondrodysplasia 604864, Platyspondylic skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type 151210, SED congenita 183900, SMED Strudwick type 184250, Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Stanescu type 616583, Spondyloperipheral dysplasia 271700, Stickler sydrome, type I, nonsyndromic ocular 609508, Stickler syndrome, type I 108300, Vitreoretinopathy with phalangeal epiphyseal dysplasia; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.1188 EHMT1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EHMT1 were changed from to Kleefstra syndrome 1 (MIM#610253)
Mendeliome v0.1185 EHMT1 Crystle Lee reviewed gene: EHMT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 19264732; Phenotypes: Kleefstra syndrome 1 (MIM#610253); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Mendeliome v0.773 KLLN Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLLN as ready
Mendeliome v0.773 KLLN Zornitza Stark Gene: klln has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.773 KLLN Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: KLLN were set to
Mendeliome v0.772 KLLN Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLLN as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v0.772 KLLN Zornitza Stark Gene: klln has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.748 STAG2 Zornitza Stark gene: STAG2 was added
gene: STAG2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: STAG2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Publications for gene: STAG2 were set to 30765867; 28296084; 30447054; 29263825; 30158690
Phenotypes for gene: STAG2 were set to Mullegama-Klein-Martinez syndrome, MIM#301022
Review for gene: STAG2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 12 unrelated families reported both males and females affected.
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v0.632 KLHL15 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLHL15 as ready
Mendeliome v0.632 KLHL15 Zornitza Stark Gene: klhl15 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.632 KLHL15 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLHL15 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v0.632 KLHL15 Zornitza Stark Gene: klhl15 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.631 KLHL15 Zornitza Stark gene: KLHL15 was added
gene: KLHL15 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL15 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: KLHL15 were set to 25644381; 24817631
Phenotypes for gene: KLHL15 were set to Mental retardation, X-linked 103, MIM#300982
Review for gene: KLHL15 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two families described: variants maternally inherited in both, one deletion, the other truncating.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.351 KLHL24 Tiong Tan Marked gene: KLHL24 as ready
Mendeliome v0.351 KLHL24 Tiong Tan Gene: klhl24 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.351 KLHL24 Tiong Tan Phenotypes for gene: KLHL24 were changed from Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy to Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy
Mendeliome v0.350 KLHL24 Tiong Tan Phenotypes for gene: KLHL24 were changed from to Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy
Mendeliome v0.349 KLHL24 Tiong Tan Publications for gene: KLHL24 were set to
Mendeliome v0.348 KLHL24 Tiong Tan Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL24 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.347 KLHL24 Tiong Tan reviewed gene: KLHL24: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29779254, 30120936; Phenotypes: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294, dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.231 BCORL1 Zornitza Stark gene: BCORL1 was added
gene: BCORL1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: BCORL1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Publications for gene: BCORL1 were set to 24123876; 30941876
Phenotypes for gene: BCORL1 were set to Shukla-Vernon syndrome, MIM#301029
Review for gene: BCORL1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated families reported altogether; some mothers mildly affected.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.166 KLF7 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: KLF7 as ready
Mendeliome v0.166 KLF7 Zornitza Stark Gene: klf7 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.166 KLF7 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: KLF7 as Green List (high evidence)
Mendeliome v0.166 KLF7 Zornitza Stark Gene: klf7 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.165 KLF7 Zornitza Stark gene: KLF7 was added
gene: KLF7 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KLF7 were set to 29251763
Phenotypes for gene: KLF7 were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: KLF7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated individuals with de novo missense variants; animal model data supportive.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.0 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark gene: PRICKLE2 was added
gene: PRICKLE2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRICKLE2 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 PRICKLE1 Zornitza Stark gene: PRICKLE1 was added
gene: PRICKLE1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRICKLE1 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 PKLR Zornitza Stark gene: PKLR was added
gene: PKLR was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: PKLR was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLLN Zornitza Stark gene: KLLN was added
gene: KLLN was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLLN was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLKB1 Zornitza Stark gene: KLKB1 was added
gene: KLKB1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLKB1 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLK4 Zornitza Stark gene: KLK4 was added
gene: KLK4 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLK4 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLK1 Zornitza Stark gene: KLK1 was added
gene: KLK1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLK1 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLHL7 Zornitza Stark gene: KLHL7 was added
gene: KLHL7 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL7 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLHL41 Zornitza Stark gene: KLHL41 was added
gene: KLHL41 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL41 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLHL40 Zornitza Stark gene: KLHL40 was added
gene: KLHL40 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL40 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLHL3 Zornitza Stark gene: KLHL3 was added
gene: KLHL3 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL3 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLHL24 Zornitza Stark gene: KLHL24 was added
gene: KLHL24 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL24 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLHL10 Zornitza Stark gene: KLHL10 was added
gene: KLHL10 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL10 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLHDC8B Zornitza Stark gene: KLHDC8B was added
gene: KLHDC8B was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHDC8B was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLF6 Zornitza Stark gene: KLF6 was added
gene: KLF6 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF6 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLF11 Zornitza Stark gene: KLF11 was added
gene: KLF11 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF11 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KLF1 Zornitza Stark gene: KLF1 was added
gene: KLF1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF1 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 KL Zornitza Stark gene: KL was added
gene: KL was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: KL was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 CERKL Zornitza Stark gene: CERKL was added
gene: CERKL was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: CERKL was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 CDKL5 Zornitza Stark gene: CDKL5 was added
gene: CDKL5 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: CDKL5 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 ANKLE2 Zornitza Stark gene: ANKLE2 was added
gene: ANKLE2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKLE2 was set to Unknown