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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1939 | IDUA | Zornitza Stark Marked gene: IDUA as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepair 1000+ v1.1939 | IDUA | Zornitza Stark Gene: idua has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepair 1000+ v1.1939 | IDUA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IDUA were changed from Mucopolysaccharidosis Ih, 607014 (3) to Mucopolysaccharidosis Ih/s (Hurler syndrome) 607014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepair 1000+ v1.1938 | IDUA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: IDUA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Mucopolysaccharidosis Ih/s (Hurler syndrome) 607014; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepair 1000+ v1.1868 | SEC23A |
Melanie Marty changed review comment from: SEC23A is an essential component of coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles that transport secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex. Boyadjiev et al 2006 (PMID:16980979): One family was reported with a homozygous missense variant and craniolenticulosutural dysplasia (CLSD), with some functional studies supporting pathogenicity. Boyadjiev et al 2011 (PMID: 21039434): The same authors as above later reported another individual with similar phenotype with a paternally inherited heterozygous missense variant, this variant has 91 hets in gnomAD and the father was unaffected. They suggest digenic inheritance but found no other variants in 3 candidate genes. Wang et al 2023 (PMID: 37828500): 2 x compound heterozygous missense variants were identified in a patient with CLSD. Cisarova et al 2022 (PMID: 34580982) 1 x patient with het missense variant inherited from his affected father. Shown to be de novo in the father. Minale et al 2024 (PMID: 38275611): 1 x patient with de novo het missense variant Zebrafish models lend some support to the gene-disease association (PMID:16980979, 16980978) Summary: 2 reports of AR inheritance, 2 reports of AD inheritance, 1 uncertain; to: SEC23A is an essential component of coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles that transport secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex. Boyadjiev et al 2006 (PMID:16980979): One family was reported with a homozygous missense variant and craniolenticulosutural dysplasia (CLSD), with some functional studies supporting pathogenicity. Boyadjiev et al 2011 (PMID: 21039434): The same authors as above later reported another individual with similar phenotype with a paternally inherited heterozygous missense variant, this variant has 91 hets in gnomAD and the father was unaffected. They suggest digenic inheritance but found no other variants in 3 candidate genes. Wang et al 2023 (PMID: 37828500): 2 x compound heterozygous missense variants were identified in a patient with CLSD. Cisarova et al 2022 (PMID: 34580982) 1 x patient with CLSD and a het missense variant inherited from his affected father. Shown to be de novo in the father. Minale et al 2024 (PMID: 38275611): 1 x patient with CLSD and a de novo het missense variant Zebrafish models lend some support to the gene-disease association (PMID:16980979, 16980978) Summary: 2 reports of AR inheritance, 2 reports of AD inheritance, 1 uncertain |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1868 | POLE |
Andrew Coventry gene: POLE was added gene: POLE was added to Prepair 1000+. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: POLE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: POLE were set to 30503519; 23230001; 25948378; 36071887 Phenotypes for gene: POLE were set to IMAGE-I syndrome MIM#618336; FILS syndrome MIM#615139 Review for gene: POLE was set to GREEN Added comment: IMAGE-I Syndrome Autosomal recessive disorder characterised by intrauterine growth retardation, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita, genital anomalies, and immunodeficiency. Patients exhibit distinctive facial features and variable immune dysfunction with evidence of lymphocyte deficiency. Well established gene-disease association. Reported in greater than 10 families. Note recurrent intronic variant, c.1686+32C-G (intron 15) in IMAGE-I, found in combination with multiple other variants. FILS syndrome FILS syndrome is characterised by mild facial dysmorphism, mainly malar hypoplasia, livedo on the skin since birth, immunodeficiency resulting in recurrent infections, and short stature. PMID: 23230001 - French consanguineoius kindred: 11 affected individuals displayed mild facial dysmorphism, immunodeficiency, livedo, and short stature. 3 additional members displayed two or three of these four features. Homozygous for splicing site variant: c.4444+3A>G. PMID: 25948378 - Palestinian girl, with same homozygous variant as reported in French family. PMID: 36071887 - 4y.o. Chinese boy with c.5811 + 2T > C and c.2006G > A variants. PMID: 32705701 - 6y.o. hispanic boy reported with homozygous c.100C>T(p.Arg34Cys Total of 14 affected individuals across 4 families. Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1868 | CHMP1A |
Andrew Coventry gene: CHMP1A was added gene: CHMP1A was added to Prepair 1000+. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CHMP1A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CHMP1A were set to 23023333; 37789895 Phenotypes for gene: CHMP1A were set to Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 8 MIM#614961 Review for gene: CHMP1A was set to AMBER Added comment: Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 8 is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by severe psychomotor impediment, abnormal movements, hypotonia, spasticity, and variable visual defects. Brain MRI shows pontocerebellar hypoplasia, decreased cerebral white matter, and a thin corpus callosum. Zebrafish model present. PMID: 23023333 - Three families reported, 2 variants; two families likely with founder effect. PMID: 37789895 - describe novel variants in an affected individual, one is deletion of exon 1, other is c.53 T > C (p.Leu18Pro). Total 4 families now reported with 4 variants. Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1868 | POLR1D |
Andrew Coventry gene: POLR1D was added gene: POLR1D was added to Prepair 1000+. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR1D was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: POLR1D were set to 21131976; 24603435; 27448281; 25790162 Phenotypes for gene: POLR1D were set to Treacher Collins syndrome 2 MIM#613717 Review for gene: POLR1D was set to AMBER Added comment: Treacher Collins syndrome is a disorder of craniofacial development characterised by a combination of bilateral downward slanting of the palpebral fissures, colobomas of the lower eyelids with a paucity of eyelashes medial to the defect, hypoplasia of the facial bones, cleft palate, malformation of the external ears, atresia of the external auditory canals, and bilateral conductive hearing loss. Currently, only one study reporting AR TCS, 1 pathogenic variant in 4 affected individuals, across 2 unrelated consanguineous families. PMID: 24603435. Adding gene, requiring further evidence in humans for consideration for inclusion in screening of AR TCS. Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1811 | PEX19 |
Andrew Coventry gene: PEX19 was added gene: PEX19 was added to Prepair 1000+. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PEX19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PEX19 were set to 10051604; 20683989; 39757991; 21031596; 30561787; 36931687 Phenotypes for gene: PEX19 were set to Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 12A (Zellweger) MIM#614886; Peroxisome biogenesis disorder MONDO:0019234 Review for gene: PEX19 was set to GREEN Added comment: Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome resulting from disordered peroxisome biogenesis. Affected children present in the newborn period with profound hypotonia, seizures, and inability to feed. Characteristic craniofacial anomalies, eye abnormalities, neuronal migration defects, hepatomegaly, and chondrodysplasia punctata are present. Children with this condition do not show any significant development and usually die in the first year of life. Functional studies and animal models are present. Reported in individuals across at least 4 unrelated families. Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1811 | RBM8A |
Andrew Coventry gene: RBM8A was added gene: RBM8A was added to Prepair 1000+. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RBM8A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RBM8A were set to 22366785; 17236129; 26550033; 32227665 Phenotypes for gene: RBM8A were set to Thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome MIM#274000 Review for gene: RBM8A was set to AMBER Added comment: The thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome (TAR) is characterised by reduction in the number of platelets and absence of the radius; preservation of the thumb distinguishes TAR from other syndromes that combine blood abnormalities with absence of the radius, such as Fanconi anemia. Individuals with TAR have low numbers of megakaryocytes, platelet precursor cells that reside in bone marrow, and frequently present with bleeding episodes in the first year of life that diminish in frequency and severity with age. The severity of skeletal anomalies varies from absence of radii to virtual absence of upper limbs, with or without lower limb defects such as malformations of the hip and knee. Vast majority of cases include a recurrent 200kb deletion on one allele (although truncations are seen) and the presence of 1 of 2 SNPs in trans. The SNPs have a MAF of 3.05% and 0.42%. Cases have been reported with this phenotype without the 200kb deletion (PMID: 22366785, 32227665). Currently, the large CNV in majority of cases would not be detected. Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1811 | MTPAP |
Andrew Coventry gene: MTPAP was added gene: MTPAP was added to Prepair 1000+. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MTPAP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MTPAP were set to 20970105; 33340416; 32376682; 15769737; 31779033; 35235001; 27391121 Phenotypes for gene: MTPAP were set to Mitochondrial disease MONDO:0044970 Review for gene: MTPAP was set to GREEN Added comment: Definitive disease-gene classification by ClinGen - "Identified in five individuals from four publications (PMIDs: 20970105, 31779033, 35235001, 27391121). Supported by a biochemical function (mitochondrial translation) shared with other genes associated with primary mitochondrial disease, early embryonic lethality and failure of developmental progression in a knockout mouse model, and disrupted expression of mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial dysfunction following gene knockdown in HeLa cells (PMIDs: 33340416, 32376682, 15769737)." Note that 6 individuals with spastic ataxia all had same founder variant and were traced as distantly related (Amish community - c.1432A>G (p.Asn478Asp). Further additional families reported with a much more severe phenotype of lethal encephalopathy. Phenotypes previous reported to be associated with MTPAP are likely to represent a continuum of severity associated with a mitochondrial disorder. Clingen "While various names have been given to the constellation of features seen in those with MTPAP-related disease, including autosomal recessive spastic ataxia 4 (SPAX4) (MIM 613672) in additional to other mitochondrial disorders, pathogenic variants in this gene cause a primary mitochondrial disease.... lumped into one disease entity..." Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1811 | PDHX |
Andrew Coventry gene: PDHX was added gene: PDHX was added to Prepair 1000+. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PDHX was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PDHX were set to 20002125; 34873726; 33092611; 30981218; 25087164; 22766002; 12557299; 14518830; 15303005; 16566017; 27343776 Phenotypes for gene: PDHX were set to Lacticacidemia due to PDX1 deficiency MIM#245349; Mitochondrial disease MONDO:0044970 Review for gene: PDHX was set to GREEN Added comment: Established gene-disease association. Clingen definitive for mitochondrial disease: "While various names have been given to the constellation of features seen in those with PDHX-related disorders, including pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency or PDCD, pathogenic variants in this gene ultimately cause a primary mitochondrial disease. Therefore, the PDHX phenotype has been lumped into one disease entity according to the ClinGen Lumping and Splitting Framework." Condition is a metabolic disorder associated with abnormal function of the mitochondria in cells, thus depriving the body of energy. Progressive neurological symptoms usually start in infancy but may be evident at birth, or in later childhood; these symptoms may include developmental delay, intermittent ataxia, poor muscle tone (hypotonia), abnormal eye movements, or seizures. Severe lethargy, poor feeding, and tachypnea (rapid breathing) commonly occur, especially during times of illness, stress, or high carbohydrate intake. Clingen: Age of onset ranges from the first days of life to later in childhood, with some individuals living well into adulthood. Clinical features in affected individuals include neonatal lactic acidosis, LSS, seizures, spasticity, agenesis of the corpus callosum, cerebral atrophy, vomiting, and optic atrophy. Note: PDHX c.1336C>T (p.Arg446Ter) is a Roma founder variant; c.1182+2T>C (p.Ile386SerfsTer13) is a Moroccan founder variant. Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1600 | DNAAF4 | Lilian Downie Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Primary ciliary dyskinesia-25 is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defective ciliary movement. Affected individuals have recurrent upper and lower airway disease, bronchiectasis, and decreased fertility. About half of patients show laterality defects, including situs inversus totalis. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepair 1000+ v1.1598 | TMEM107 |
Kate Scarff changed review comment from: Ciliopathy 26518474: one patient with bilateral postaxial polydactyly in hands and feet, multiple tongue cysts, and several facial dysmorphic features including frontal narrowing, short palpebral fissures, flat nasal bridge, retrognathia, and low-set ears. Mutation was del Phe106. 26595381: one patient with OFD had homozygous missense variant, another patient with Joubert syndrome comp het for del Phe106 and a frameshift deletion. 26123494: Meckel–Gruber syndrome cases in this paper were defined on the basis of occipital encephalocele, perinatal lethality and either polydactyly or polycystic kidneys. Two individuals had a homozygous p.Ser92Cysfs*7 variant were identified. Unclear if we should also be reporting other phenotypes: ?Joubert syndrome 29/Meckel syndrome 13, MIM #617562; to: Ciliopathy 26518474: one patient with bilateral postaxial polydactyly in hands and feet, multiple tongue cysts, and several facial dysmorphic features including frontal narrowing, short palpebral fissures, flat nasal bridge, retrognathia, and low-set ears. Mutation was del Phe106. 26595381: one patient with OFD had homozygous missense variant, another patient with Joubert syndrome comp het for del Phe106 and a frameshift deletion. 26123494: Meckel–Gruber syndrome cases in this paper were defined on the basis of occipital encephalocele, perinatal lethality and either polydactyly or polycystic kidneys. Two individuals had a homozygous p.Ser92Cysfs*7 variant identified. OMIM denotes with a ? that for Joubert syndrome 29, MIM #617562, it indicates that the relationship between the phenotype and gene is provisional. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1596 | PEX1 |
Kate Scarff changed review comment from: Characterized clinically by severe neurologic dysfunction, craniofacial abnormalities, and liver dysfunction, and biochemically by the absence of peroxisomes. Most severely affected individuals with classic Zellweger syndrome phenotype die within the first year of life. ~98% of variants detectable by sequencing. The PEX1 variants c.2097_2098insT/p.Ile700YfsX42 and c.2528GRA/p.Gly843Asp are the most common. Homozygosity for p.Ile700TyrfsTer42 is associated with a more severe phenotype. Homozygosity for p.Gly843Asp has to date been associated with a milder ZSD phenotype and sometimes with an intermediate phenotype. Other phenotypes: Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1B (NALD/IRD), MIM #601539, characterised by overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD), which represent the milder manifestations of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum. Many children presenting as newborns, whereas others do not come to attention until later. Many can communicate, and although language is rare, there have been children who have near normal language for age. Craniofacial anomalies are similar to but less pronounced than in Zellweger syndrome. In some individuals a leukodystrophy develops, with degeneration of myelin, loss of previously acquired skills, and development of spasticity; this may stabilize, or progress and be fatal. Associated with p.Gly843Asp variant? Heimler syndrome-1 (MIM #234580) represents the mildest end of the peroxisomal biogenesis disorder spectrum, characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, enamel hypoplasia of the secondary dentition, and nail abnormalities. Not severe enough to report for P1000? See PMID: 26387595.; to: Characterized clinically by severe neurologic dysfunction, craniofacial abnormalities, and liver dysfunction, and biochemically by the absence of peroxisomes. Most severely affected individuals with classic Zellweger syndrome phenotype die within the first year of life. ~98% of variants detectable by sequencing. The PEX1 variants c.2097_2098insT/p.Ile700YfsX42 and c.2528GRA/p.Gly843Asp are the most common. Homozygosity for p.Ile700TyrfsTer42 is associated with a more severe phenotype. Homozygosity for p.Gly843Asp has to date been associated with a milder ZSD phenotype and sometimes with an intermediate phenotype. Other phenotypes: Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1B (NALD/IRD), MIM #601539, characterised by overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD), which represent the milder manifestations of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum. Many children presenting as newborns, whereas others do not come to attention until later. Many can communicate, and although language is rare, there have been children who have near normal language for age. Craniofacial anomalies are similar to but less pronounced than in Zellweger syndrome. In some individuals a leukodystrophy develops, with degeneration of myelin, loss of previously acquired skills, and development of spasticity; this may stabilize, or progress and be fatal. Associated with p.Gly843Asp variant? Heimler syndrome-1 (MIM #234580) represents the mildest end of the peroxisomal biogenesis disorder spectrum, characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, enamel hypoplasia of the secondary dentition, and nail abnormalities. Not severe enough to report for P1000? See PMID: 26387595. MONDO:0100259 - Any Zellweger spectrum disorder in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PEX1 gene. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1596 | PEX1 |
Kate Scarff changed review comment from: Characterized clinically by severe neurologic dysfunction, craniofacial abnormalities, and liver dysfunction, and biochemically by the absence of peroxisomes. Most severely affected individuals with classic Zellweger syndrome phenotype die within the first year of life. ~98% of variants detectable by sequencing. The PEX1 variants c.2097_2098insT/p.Ile700YfsX42 and c.2528GRA/p.Gly843Asp are the most common. Homozygosity for p.Ile700TyrfsTer42 is associated with a more severe phenotype. Homozygosity for p.Gly843Asp has to date been associated with a milder ZSD phenotype and sometimes with an intermediate phenotype. Other phenotypes: Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1B (NALD/IRD), MIM #601539, characterised by overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD), which represent the milder manifestations of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum. Many children presenting as newborns, whereas others do not come to attention until later. Many can communicate, and although language is rare, there have been children who have near normal language for age. Craniofacial anomalies are similar to but less pronounced than in Zellweger syndrome. In some individuals a leukodystrophy develops, with degeneration of myelin, loss of previously acquired skills, and development of spasticity; this may stabilize, or progress and be fatal. Associated with p.Gly843Asp variant? Should this phenotype be included for P1000? Heimler syndrome-1 (MIM #234580) represents the mildest end of the peroxisomal biogenesis disorder spectrum, characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, enamel hypoplasia of the secondary dentition, and nail abnormalities. Not severe enough to report for P1000. See PMID: 26387595.; to: Characterized clinically by severe neurologic dysfunction, craniofacial abnormalities, and liver dysfunction, and biochemically by the absence of peroxisomes. Most severely affected individuals with classic Zellweger syndrome phenotype die within the first year of life. ~98% of variants detectable by sequencing. The PEX1 variants c.2097_2098insT/p.Ile700YfsX42 and c.2528GRA/p.Gly843Asp are the most common. Homozygosity for p.Ile700TyrfsTer42 is associated with a more severe phenotype. Homozygosity for p.Gly843Asp has to date been associated with a milder ZSD phenotype and sometimes with an intermediate phenotype. Other phenotypes: Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1B (NALD/IRD), MIM #601539, characterised by overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD), which represent the milder manifestations of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum. Many children presenting as newborns, whereas others do not come to attention until later. Many can communicate, and although language is rare, there have been children who have near normal language for age. Craniofacial anomalies are similar to but less pronounced than in Zellweger syndrome. In some individuals a leukodystrophy develops, with degeneration of myelin, loss of previously acquired skills, and development of spasticity; this may stabilize, or progress and be fatal. Associated with p.Gly843Asp variant? Heimler syndrome-1 (MIM #234580) represents the mildest end of the peroxisomal biogenesis disorder spectrum, characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, enamel hypoplasia of the secondary dentition, and nail abnormalities. Not severe enough to report for P1000? See PMID: 26387595. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1568 | APC2 |
Andrew Coventry gene: APC2 was added gene: APC2 was added to Prepair 1000+. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: APC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: APC2 were set to 31585108 Phenotypes for gene: APC2 were set to Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 10 MIM#618677; Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 74 MIM#617169; Lissencephaly spectrum disorders MONDO:0018838 Review for gene: APC2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 12 individuals from 8 unrelated families; intellectual disability, seizures, cortical dysplasia including posterior to anterior predominant pattern of lissencephaly, heterotopias, paucity of white matter, thin corpus callosum. Definitive classification by ClinGen. Mouse model present. Note: Gene has also been implicated in Sotos Syndrome Type 3 which features intellectual disability and characteristic facial features Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1568 | IQSEC2 |
Karina Sandoval changed review comment from: De novo variants and PTCs in females are severe, while inherited missense are milder. Females with these missense may be asymptomatic or show mild intellectual disability (PMID: 31415821). Autistic features are common. Missense can be both GOF or LOF. More than 20 unrelated families reported.; to: De novo variants and PTCs in females are severe, while inherited missense are milder. Females with these missense may be asymptomatic or show mild intellectual disability (PMID: 31415821). Autistic features are common. Missense can be both GOF or LOF. More than 20 unrelated families reported. ClinGen: Definitive gene-disease association - The affected individuals, including both males and females, typically have intellectual disability with variable seizures, autistic traits, and psychiatric problems. Males are generally more severely affected compared with females. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1568 | EIF2AK4 |
Karina Sandoval changed review comment from: Slowly progressive and ultimately fatal without a lung transplant. Age of onset in 3rd decade. Pulmonary hypertension is a feature of the condition Severe; yes. Early onset; ? PMID:24135949 - 2 affected sibs, aged 19y & 33y at diagnosis. And 2x sporadic cases at 22y & 15y PMID: 24292273 - 13 families with 19 affected individuals. Age of PVOD diagnosis 3x 2nd decade (aged 11, 15 & 19), 9x 3rd decade, 4x 4th decade, 2x 5th decade, 1x 6th decade; to: Slowly progressive and ultimately fatal without a lung transplant. Age of onset in 3rd decade. Pulmonary hypertension is a feature of the condition Well established gene-disease assoc. Severe; yes. Early onset; varies PMID:24135949 - 2 affected sibs, aged 19y & 33y at diagnosis. And 2x sporadic cases at 22y & 15y PMID: 24292273 - 13 families with 19 affected individuals. Age of PVOD diagnosis 3x 2nd decade (aged 11, 15 & 19), 9x 3rd decade, 4x 4th decade, 2x 5th decade, 1x 6th decade |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1566 | SLC6A5 |
Andrew Coventry changed review comment from: Affected individuals cab present with neonatal hypertonia, an exaggerated startle response to tactile or acoustic stimuli, and life-threatening neonatal apnea episodes. In some cases, symptoms resolved in the first year of life (PMID: 16751771). Well established gene-disease association, especially for bi-allelic variants, including animal model. AD association also reported, however, limited evidence in literature for mono-allelic cause of disease.; to: Affected individuals can present with neonatal hypertonia, an exaggerated startle response to tactile or acoustic stimuli, and life-threatening neonatal apnea episodes. In some cases, symptoms resolved in the first year of life (PMID: 16751771). Well established gene-disease association, especially for bi-allelic variants, including animal model. AD association also reported, however, limited evidence in literature for mono-allelic cause of disease. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1460 | MED23 | Andrew Coventry changed review comment from: Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 18, with or without epilepsy is a syndromic intellectual disability, including early onset epilepsy, spasticity, microcephaly and, less frequently, delayed myelination and thin corpus callosum. Variants in MED23 have been reported in at least 11 affected individuals from at least 6 unrelated families. Congenital/early onset. Functional studies and animal models present.; to: Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 18, with or without epilepsy is a syndromic intellectual disability, including early onset epilepsy, spasticity, microcephaly and, less frequently, delayed myelination and thin corpus callosum. Variants in MED23 have been reported in at least 11 affected individuals from at least 6 unrelated families. Congenital/early onset. Functional studies and animal models present. Variants reported include nonsense and missense. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepair 1000+ v1.1357 | DCLRE1C |
Lauren Thomas changed review comment from: The majority of individuals present within the first months of life with oral thrush, diarrhea, fever, pneumonia, and/or failure to thrive as well as hypogammmaglobulinaemia, absent T and B lymphocytes and increased radiosensitivity. Homozygous and compound heterozygous (missense, in-frame indel, nonsense, frameshift, and large deletion) variants have been reported; with the most common being gross deletions exons 1-3. *c.597C>A p.Tyr199X founder variant (Athabascan/ European Origin) HGNC approved symbol/name: DCLRE1C Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo? Yes Known technical challenges: ?most common variant is a deletion Gene reported in 3 independent families: Yes Note: ClinGen groups the 2 OMIM phenotypes into "severe combined immunodeficiency due to DCLRE1C deficiency"; to: The majority of individuals present within the first months of life with oral thrush, diarrhea, fever, pneumonia, and/or failure to thrive as well as hypogammmaglobulinaemia, absent T and B lymphocytes and increased radiosensitivity. Homozygous and compound heterozygous (missense, in-frame indel, nonsense, frameshift, and large deletion) variants have been reported; with the most common being gross deletions exons 1-3 (~59%) *c.597C>A p.Tyr199X founder variant (Athabascan/ European Origin) HGNC approved symbol/name: DCLRE1C Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo? Yes Known technical challenges: ?most common variant is a deletion Gene reported in 3 independent families: Yes Note: ClinGen groups the 2 OMIM phenotypes into "severe combined immunodeficiency due to DCLRE1C deficiency" |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.1268 | GJA1 |
Michelle Torres changed review comment from: The GJA1 gene is associated with both AD & AR conditions (OMIM). For carrier screening testing, the only relevant conditions are the AR disorders: Craniometaphyseal dysplasia MIM#218400; Oculodentodigital dysplasia MIM#257850. Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is a rare sclerosing skeletal disorder with progressive hyperostosis of craniofacial bones. Characteristic ocular and dental features of ODDD as well as syndactyly are absent in patients with CMD (PMID: 23951358). Reports are rare and individuals are homozygous for the p.(Arg239Gln), located in the C-terminus of the GJA1 gene; at least 4x families reported (PMID: 23951358). Oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) is a rare condition characterised by a typical facial appearance and variable findings of the eyes, teeth, and fingers (PMID: 29902798). ODDD is generally AD (DN and GoF suggested), but rare AR cases have been identified. LoF is associated with AR ODDD (PMID: 29902798), and most variants reported are PTV within the connexin domain (PMID: 34035645). NB: the association with Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 1, MIM#241550 isn't listed in OMIM anymore, variants associated have been re-classified VUS (OMIM). Pfitzer C 2024 concludes that researchers must move beyond the expectation that a single disease-causing variant can be found (PMID 38884762).; to: The GJA1 gene is associated with both AD & AR conditions (OMIM). For carrier screening testing, the only relevant conditions are the AR disorders: Craniometaphyseal dysplasia MIM#218400; Oculodentodigital dysplasia MIM#257850. Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is a rare sclerosing skeletal disorder with progressive hyperostosis of craniofacial bones. Characteristic ocular and dental features of ODDD as well as syndactyly are absent in patients with CMD (PMID: 23951358). Reports are rare and individuals are homozygous for the p.(Arg239Gln), located in the C-terminus of the GJA1 gene; at least 4x families reported (PMID: 23951358). Oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) is a rare condition characterised by a typical facial appearance and variable findings of the eyes, teeth, and fingers (PMID: 29902798). ODDD is generally AD (DN and GoF suggested), but rare AR cases have been identified. LoF is associated with AR ODDD (PMID: 29902798), and most variants reported are PTV within the connexin domain (PMID: 34035645). NB: the association with Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 1, MIM#241550 isn't listed in OMIM anymore, variants associated have been re-classified VUS (OMIM; PMID 38884762). |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.992 | STIL |
Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: - More than 10 unrelated families reported. - Onset at birth - PMID: 24485834; 29352115: Complete loss of STIL is not compatible with life. Genetic mutations in human STIL result in 1. residual expression or 2. stabilization of STIL: PTCs that delete of the critical C-terminal KEN Box domain involved in Anaphase-Promoting-Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C)-mediated degradation of STIL5 were shown to result in mutant STIL stabilization and accumulation and subsequent centriole amplification. Demonstrated for p.(Val1219X) and p.(Gln1239X), suggested gain of function.; to: - More than 10 unrelated families reported. - Onset at birth - PMID: 24485834; 29352115: Complete loss of STIL is not compatible with life. Genetic mutations in human STIL result in 1. residual expression or 2. stabilization of mutant STIL: PTCs that delete of the critical C-terminal KEN Box domain involved in Anaphase-Promoting-Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C)-mediated degradation of STIL5 were shown to result in mutant STIL stabilization and accumulation and subsequent centriole amplification. Demonstrated for p.(Val1219X) and p.(Gln1239X), suggested gain of function. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.992 | TBX22 |
Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: 1. Cleft palate with ankyloglossia (MIM# 303400) - More than 10 families reported with cleft palate/ankyloglossia and variants in this gene. - PMID:36901693 - Characterised by a cleft palate phenotype that is most often present in males and ranges from a high-arched palate, bifid uvula, submucous cleft palate, soft cleft palate, to complete cleft palate - OMIM, PMID:36901693 - Ankyloglossia/ bifid uvula/cleft palate reported in heterozygous females - Overall mild phenotype although PMID: 21375406 describes 1x TBX22 hemizygous individual with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate, ankyloglossia, hypodontia of the left maxillary second premolar, carpal bone anomalies, and hypoplastic thumb of the right hand. No other genes were tested. 2. Abruzzo-Erickson syndrome, MIM# 302905 PMID:22784330 - Single family reported with Abruzzo-Erickson syndrome, a syndromic form of cleft palate. Did not find additional reports on this phenotype; to: 1. Cleft palate with ankyloglossia (MIM# 303400) - More than 10 families reported with cleft palate/ankyloglossia and variants in this gene. - PMID:36901693 - Characterised by a cleft palate phenotype that is most often present in males and ranges from a high-arched palate, bifid uvula, submucous cleft palate, soft cleft palate, to complete cleft palate - OMIM, PMID:36901693 - Ankyloglossia/ bifid uvula/cleft palate reported in heterozygous females - Overall mild phenotype although PMID: 21375406 describes 1x TBX22 hemizygous individual with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate, ankyloglossia, hypodontia of the left maxillary second premolar, carpal bone anomalies, and hypoplastic thumb of the right hand. No other genes were tested. 2. Abruzzo-Erickson syndrome, MIM# 302905 PMID:22784330 - Single family reported with Abruzzo-Erickson syndrome, a syndromic form of cleft palate. Did not find additional reports on this phenotype |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.992 | ELP1 |
Clare Hunt changed review comment from: From OMIM; Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN3) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with onset soon after birth. Affected individuals show progressive symptoms resulting from depletion of sensory proprioceptive and autonomic neurons. Features include gastrointestinal dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, vomiting crises, recurrent pneumonia, seizures, gait abnormalities with loss of ambulation, kyphoscoliosis, postural hypotension, hypertension crises, absence of fungiform papillae on the tongue, decreased deep tendon reflexes, defective lacrimation, and impaired pain and temperature perception. The disorder is inevitably fatal, with only 50% of patients reaching 40 years of age. HSAN3 has a high carrier frequency in the Ashkenazi Jewish population (summary by Morini et al., 2016). Gene previously referred to as IKBKAP gene (ELP1; 603722) located on chromosome 9q31. Also previously referred to as Riley-Day syndrome. From Mendeliome; AR dysautonomia: the condition is predominantly caused by homozygosity of c.2204+6T>C (major familial dysautonomia AJ haplotype - causes tissue-specific exon 20 skipping) in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. Other variants have been reported in association with the disease.; to: From OMIM; Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN3) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with onset soon after birth. Affected individuals show progressive symptoms resulting from depletion of sensory proprioceptive and autonomic neurons. Features include gastrointestinal dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, vomiting crises, recurrent pneumonia, seizures, gait abnormalities with loss of ambulation, kyphoscoliosis, postural hypotension, hypertension crises, absence of fungiform papillae on the tongue, decreased deep tendon reflexes, defective lacrimation, and impaired pain and temperature perception. The disorder is inevitably fatal, with only 50% of patients reaching 40 years of age. HSAN3 has a high carrier frequency in the Ashkenazi Jewish population (summary by Morini et al., 2016). Gene previously referred to as IKBKAP gene (ELP1; 603722) located on chromosome 9q31. From Mendeliome; AR dysautonomia: the condition is predominantly caused by homozygosity of c.2204+6T>C (major familial dysautonomia AJ haplotype - causes tissue-specific exon 20 skipping) in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. Other variants have been reported in association with the disease. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.992 | ELP1 |
Clare Hunt changed review comment from: From OMIM; Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN3) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with onset soon after birth. Affected individuals show progressive symptoms resulting from depletion of sensory proprioceptive and autonomic neurons. Features include gastrointestinal dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, vomiting crises, recurrent pneumonia, seizures, gait abnormalities with loss of ambulation, kyphoscoliosis, postural hypotension, hypertension crises, absence of fungiform papillae on the tongue, decreased deep tendon reflexes, defective lacrimation, and impaired pain and temperature perception. The disorder is inevitably fatal, with only 50% of patients reaching 40 years of age. HSAN3 has a high carrier frequency in the Ashkenazi Jewish population (summary by Morini et al., 2016). Gene previously referred to as IKBKAP gene (ELP1; 603722) located on chromosome 9q31. Also previously referred to as Riley-Day syndrome.; to: From OMIM; Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN3) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with onset soon after birth. Affected individuals show progressive symptoms resulting from depletion of sensory proprioceptive and autonomic neurons. Features include gastrointestinal dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, vomiting crises, recurrent pneumonia, seizures, gait abnormalities with loss of ambulation, kyphoscoliosis, postural hypotension, hypertension crises, absence of fungiform papillae on the tongue, decreased deep tendon reflexes, defective lacrimation, and impaired pain and temperature perception. The disorder is inevitably fatal, with only 50% of patients reaching 40 years of age. HSAN3 has a high carrier frequency in the Ashkenazi Jewish population (summary by Morini et al., 2016). Gene previously referred to as IKBKAP gene (ELP1; 603722) located on chromosome 9q31. Also previously referred to as Riley-Day syndrome. From Mendeliome; AR dysautonomia: the condition is predominantly caused by homozygosity of c.2204+6T>C (major familial dysautonomia AJ haplotype - causes tissue-specific exon 20 skipping) in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. Other variants have been reported in association with the disease. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.992 | ISCA1 |
Lauren Thomas changed review comment from: Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-5 (MMDS5) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized mainly by progressive neurologic deterioration beginning in early infancy. Affected individuals have essentially no psychomotor development and have early-onset seizures with neurologic decline and spasticity. Brain imaging shows severe leukodystrophy with evidence of dys- or delayed myelination. Death usually occurs in early childhood. HGNC approved symbol/name: ISCA1 Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo? Yes Known technical challenges? No Gene reported in 3 independent families: Yes; to: Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-5 (MMDS5) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized mainly by progressive neurologic deterioration beginning in early infancy. Affected individuals have essentially no psychomotor development and have early-onset seizures with neurologic decline and spasticity. Brain imaging shows severe leukodystrophy with evidence of dys- or delayed myelination. Death usually occurs in early childhood. HGNC approved symbol/name: ISCA1 Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo? Yes Known technical challenges? No Gene reported in 3 independent families: Yes Most recent case report: PMID 32092383 (4th independent family) |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.992 | ISCA1 |
Lauren Thomas changed review comment from: Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-5 (MMDS5) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized mainly by progressive neurologic deterioration beginning in early infancy. Affected individuals have essentially no psychomotor development and have early-onset seizures with neurologic decline and spasticity. Brain imaging shows severe leukodystrophy with evidence of dys- or delayed myelination. Death usually occurs in early childhood. HGNC approved symbol/name: ISCA1 Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo? Yes Known technical challenges? No Gene reported in 3 independent families: Yes; to: Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-5 (MMDS5) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized mainly by progressive neurologic deterioration beginning in early infancy. Affected individuals have essentially no psychomotor development and have early-onset seizures with neurologic decline and spasticity. Brain imaging shows severe leukodystrophy with evidence of dys- or delayed myelination. Death usually occurs in early childhood. HGNC approved symbol/name: ISCA1 Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo? Yes Known technical challenges? No Gene reported in 3 independent families: Yes |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.992 | POR |
Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: - PORD (P450 oxidoreductase deficiency) is associated with disorders of sex development in both sexes, where Antley-Bixler (ABS) syndrome is the name given to the severe form - Skeletal abnormalities of the ABS phenotype are frequently observed in individuals with PORD, characterised by craniosynostosis, brachycephaly, radio-ulnar or radio-humeral synostosis, bowed femora, arachnodactyly, midface hypoplasia, proptosis, and choanal stenosis. The severity of malformations varies from mild to moderate and severe. NB: Only the more severe MIM# has been added to this gene list.; to: - PORD (P450 oxidoreductase deficiency) is associated with disorders of sex development in both sexes, where Antley-Bixler (ABS) syndrome is the name given to the severe form - Skeletal abnormalities of the ABS phenotype are frequently observed in individuals with PORD, characterised by craniosynostosis, brachycephaly, radio-ulnar or radio-humeral synostosis, bowed femora, arachnodactyly, midface hypoplasia, proptosis, and choanal stenosis. The severity of malformations varies from mild to moderate and severe. - Congenital onset NB: Only the more severe MIM# has been added to this gene list. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.992 | NMNAT1 |
Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: Syndromic and non-syndromic causes of LCA are associated with bi-allelic variants in this gene. Non-syndromic LCA: multiple affected families reported, p.Glu257Lys is a common founder variant. Syndromic disorder: three families reported, but two are distantly related (shared haplotype). The affected children in those two families were homozygous for 7.4-kb duplication involving the last 2 exons of the NMNAT1 gene, spanning the beginning of intron 3 to the middle of the 3-prime UTR (chr1:10,036,359-10,043,727, GRCh37). The third affected individual was compound het for the duplication and a splicing variant. Green for non-syndromic LCA (MIM# added to review). No additional affected individuals in the literature (Amber? MIM# has not been added to review).; to: Syndromic and non-syndromic causes of LCA are associated with bi-allelic variants in this gene. Non-syndromic LCA: multiple affected families reported, p.Glu257Lys is a common founder variant. Syndromic disorder: three families reported, but two are distantly related (shared haplotype). The affected children in those two families were homozygous for 7.4-kb duplication involving the last 2 exons of the NMNAT1 gene, spanning the beginning of intron 3 to the middle of the 3-prime UTR (chr1:10,036,359-10,043,727, GRCh37). The third affected individual was compound het for the duplication and a splicing variant. Green for non-syndromic LCA (MIM# added to review). No additional affected individuals in the literature for syndromic LCA (Amber? MIM# has not been added to review). |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.761 | TPRKB |
Lucy Spencer changed review comment from: Gene is red on Mackenzie's mission panel but the review itself is green and says "Three unrelated families reported with renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly." this is refering to 3 families all with homozygous missense, p.Lys65Met, p.Tyr149Cys, and p.Leu136Pro. There has been at least one more individual reported PMID: 38628357: a three-year-old male with developmental delay, regression, microcephaly, distinctive facial features, skeletal abnormalities, and epilepsy. He also had relapsing nephrotic proteinuria exacerbated by upper respiratory tract infections and progressive renal function decline. He was compound heterozygous for p.(Ser76IlefsTer3) and c.247C>T, p.(Leu83Phe). Severe early-onset and reported in at least 4 individuals (also green on mendeliome), upgrading to green here.; to: Gene is red on Mackenzie's mission panel but the review itself is green and says "Three unrelated families reported with renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly." this is refering to 3 families all with homozygous missense, p.Lys65Met, p.Tyr149Cys, and p.Leu136Pro (PMIDs: 28805828, 30053862). There has been at least one more individual reported PMID: 38628357: a three-year-old male with developmental delay, regression, microcephaly, distinctive facial features, skeletal abnormalities, and epilepsy. He also had relapsing nephrotic proteinuria exacerbated by upper respiratory tract infections and progressive renal function decline. He was compound heterozygous for p.(Ser76IlefsTer3) and c.247C>T, p.(Leu83Phe). Severe early-onset and reported in at least 4 individuals (also green on mendeliome), upgrading to green here. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.633 | SLC26A2 |
Andrew Coventry changed review comment from: Well established gene disease association causing skeletal abnormalities of varying severity. Variants in this gene have been shown to cause achondrogenesis type 1B, atelosteogenesis type 2, diastrophic dysplasia, and recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, which comprise a spectrum of phenotypes (depending on level of residual sulfate transport). Onset/features can often be observed neonatally. Mouse models present for some phenotypes, and functional studies are present. Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for stop codons or transmembrane domain substitutions mostly result in achondrogenesis type IB, whereas other structural or regulatory mutations usually result in one of the less severe phenotypes (PMID: 8723100) Unsure of phenotypes to list under condition. Clingen includes curations for: diastrophic dysplasia MONDO:0009107 multiple epiphyseal dysplasia MONDO:0016648 atelosteogenesis type II MONDO:0009727 achondrogenesis type IB MONDO:0010966 OMIM phenotypes (6) listed above.; to: Well established gene disease association causing skeletal abnormalities of varying severity. Variants in this gene have been shown to cause achondrogenesis type 1B, atelosteogenesis type 2, diastrophic dysplasia, and recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, which comprise a spectrum of phenotypes (depending on level of residual sulfate transport). Onset/features can often be observed neonatally. Mouse models present for some phenotypes, and functional studies are present. Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for stop codons or transmembrane domain substitutions mostly result in achondrogenesis type IB, whereas other structural or regulatory variants usually result in one of the less severe phenotypes (PMID: 8723100) Unsure of phenotypes to list under condition. Clingen includes curations for: diastrophic dysplasia MONDO:0009107 multiple epiphyseal dysplasia MONDO:0016648 atelosteogenesis type II MONDO:0009727 achondrogenesis type IB MONDO:0010966 OMIM phenotypes (6) listed above. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.633 | SLC26A2 |
Andrew Coventry changed review comment from: Well established gene disease association causing skeletal abnormalities of varying severity. Variants in this gene have been shown to cause achondrogenesis type 1B, atelosteogenesis type 2, diastrophic dysplasia, and recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, which comprise a spectrum of phenotypes (depending on level of residual sulfate transport). Onset can be neonatal. Mouse models present for some phenotypes, and functional studies are present. Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for stop codons or transmembrane domain substitutions mostly result in achondrogenesis type IB, whereas other structural or regulatory mutations usually result in one of the less severe phenotypes (PMID: 8723100) Unsure of phenotypes to list under condition. Clingen includes curations for: diastrophic dysplasia MONDO:0009107 multiple epiphyseal dysplasia MONDO:0016648 atelosteogenesis type II MONDO:0009727 achondrogenesis type IB MONDO:0010966 OMIM phenotypes (6) listed above.; to: Well established gene disease association causing skeletal abnormalities of varying severity. Variants in this gene have been shown to cause achondrogenesis type 1B, atelosteogenesis type 2, diastrophic dysplasia, and recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, which comprise a spectrum of phenotypes (depending on level of residual sulfate transport). Onset/features can often be observed neonatally. Mouse models present for some phenotypes, and functional studies are present. Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for stop codons or transmembrane domain substitutions mostly result in achondrogenesis type IB, whereas other structural or regulatory mutations usually result in one of the less severe phenotypes (PMID: 8723100) Unsure of phenotypes to list under condition. Clingen includes curations for: diastrophic dysplasia MONDO:0009107 multiple epiphyseal dysplasia MONDO:0016648 atelosteogenesis type II MONDO:0009727 achondrogenesis type IB MONDO:0010966 OMIM phenotypes (6) listed above. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.592 | GCH1 | Lilian Downie Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Biallelic variants in GCH1 typically result in severe deficiency of GTPCH activity, and result in hyperphenylalaninemia due to secondary PAH deficiency. This can be identified by newborn screening. However, patients with phenotypes that are intermediate between the classic DRD and severe GTPCH deficiency symptoms have been described, such those with severe DRD and additional neurological features but without hyperphenylalaninemia (for review, see Table in Brüggemann et al 2012, PMID 22473768). Because the mechanism of disease in both the monoallelic and biallelic cases is loss of function of GTPCH, and there is a range of GTPCH activity that can cause disease, the decision was made to curate GCH1 for GTPCH deficiency with semi-dominant inheritance. Note that heterozygous parents of biallelic individuals are usually reported as unaffected, although there are some exceptions (Furukawa et al, 1998, PMID 9667588; Bodzioch et al, 2010, PMID 20842687). Reduced penetrance has been reported for individuals with monoallelic GCH1 variants, with penetrance varying according to age and diagnostic criteria. In addition, some variants (e.g. p.Arg184His and p.Lys224Arg) have been reported in monallelic and biallelic individuals. This data was presented to the ClinGen Lumping and Splitting Working Group on November 3, 2020 and there was agreement that GTPCH deficiency should be curated as a semi-dominant trait, including individuals with monoallelic and biallelic GCH1 variants. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepair 1000+ v1.525 | SPG11 |
Lucy Spencer changed review comment from: OMIM: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2X (CMT2X) is an autosomal recessive, slowly progressive, axonal peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy characterized by lower limb muscle weakness and atrophy associated with distal sensory impairment and gait difficulties. Some patients also have involvement of the upper limbs. Onset usually occurs in the first 2 decades of life, although later onset can also occur (summary by Montecchiani et al., 2016). Mean age of onset 11.4 years. Hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG or HSP) is characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs due to degeneration of corticospinal axons. SPG11 is a form of complicated SPG, in that it has neurologic features in addition to spasticity. ClinGen lumps all 3 conditions under spastic paraplegia 11 Autosomal recessive juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-5 (ALS5) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of upper and lower motor neuron signs before age 25. Affected individuals have progressive spasticity of limb and facial muscles associated with distal amyotrophy. The disorder is slowly progressive, with cases of prolonged survival of more than 3 decades (summary by Orlacchio et al., 2010).; to: OMIM: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2X (CMT2X) is an autosomal recessive, slowly progressive, axonal peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy characterized by lower limb muscle weakness and atrophy associated with distal sensory impairment and gait difficulties. Some patients also have involvement of the upper limbs. Onset usually occurs in the first 2 decades of life, although later onset can also occur (summary by Montecchiani et al., 2016). Mean age of onset 11.4 years. Hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG or HSP) is characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs due to degeneration of corticospinal axons. SPG11 is a form of complicated SPG, in that it has neurologic features in addition to spasticity. Autosomal recessive juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-5 (ALS5) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of upper and lower motor neuron signs before age 25. Affected individuals have progressive spasticity of limb and facial muscles associated with distal amyotrophy. The disorder is slowly progressive, with cases of prolonged survival of more than 3 decades (summary by Orlacchio et al., 2010). These 3 conditions represent a spectrum of disease and ClinGen lumps all 3 conditions under hereditary spastic paraplegia 11 MONDO:0011445 |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.486 | SPG11 |
Lucy Spencer changed review comment from: OMIM: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2X (CMT2X) is an autosomal recessive, slowly progressive, axonal peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy characterized by lower limb muscle weakness and atrophy associated with distal sensory impairment and gait difficulties. Some patients also have involvement of the upper limbs. Onset usually occurs in the first 2 decades of life, although later onset can also occur (summary by Montecchiani et al., 2016). Mean age of onset 11.4 years. Hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG or HSP) is characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs due to degeneration of corticospinal axons. SPG11 is a form of complicated SPG, in that it has neurologic features in addition to spasticity. Autosomal recessive juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-5 (ALS5) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of upper and lower motor neuron signs before age 25. Affected individuals have progressive spasticity of limb and facial muscles associated with distal amyotrophy. The disorder is slowly progressive, with cases of prolonged survival of more than 3 decades (summary by Orlacchio et al., 2010).; to: OMIM: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2X (CMT2X) is an autosomal recessive, slowly progressive, axonal peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy characterized by lower limb muscle weakness and atrophy associated with distal sensory impairment and gait difficulties. Some patients also have involvement of the upper limbs. Onset usually occurs in the first 2 decades of life, although later onset can also occur (summary by Montecchiani et al., 2016). Mean age of onset 11.4 years. Hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG or HSP) is characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs due to degeneration of corticospinal axons. SPG11 is a form of complicated SPG, in that it has neurologic features in addition to spasticity. ClinGen lumps all 3 conditions under spastic paraplegia 11 Autosomal recessive juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-5 (ALS5) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of upper and lower motor neuron signs before age 25. Affected individuals have progressive spasticity of limb and facial muscles associated with distal amyotrophy. The disorder is slowly progressive, with cases of prolonged survival of more than 3 decades (summary by Orlacchio et al., 2010). |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.322 | AARS2 |
Clare Hunt edited their review of gene: AARS2: Added comment: At least 6 families presenting with a severe COXPD phenotype in infancy, primarily with cardiac, muscle and neurological features in addition to lactic acidosis. Further 6 reported with a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by loss of motor and cognitive skills, usually with onset in young adulthood. Some had a history of delayed motor development or learning difficulties in early childhood. Neurologic decline was severe, usually resulting in gait difficulties, ataxia, spasticity, and cognitive decline and dementia. Most individuals lost speech and become wheelchair-bound or bedridden. Brain MRI showed progressive white matter signal abnormalities in the deep white matter. Affected females developed premature ovarian failure. These likely represent a spectrum of severity of a single mitochondrial disorder. Created: 29 Aug 2020, 4:55 a.m. | Last Modified: 29 Aug 2020, 4:55 a.m. Panel Version: 0.3999; Changed publications: 27839525 |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.304 | ERCC2 |
Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: - Bi-allelic inactivation of XPD protein, a nucleotide excision repair (NER) signaling pathway component encoded by ERCC2 gene, has been associated with several defective DNA repair phenotypes, including xeroderma pigmentosum, photosensitive trichothiodystrophy, and cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome. - Severe, early onset of all three phenotypes have been reported - Variable expressivity has been reported for Xeroderma pigmentosum, group D, MIM# 278730 where individuals can present with or without mild or severe neurologic abnormalities (GeneReviews) - OMIM: The location of variants (mutagenic pattern) is consistent in determining the phenotype. Variants shared by both phenotypes are functionally null alleles, and the second / compound heterozygous variant then determines the phenotype. Changes at p.Arg683 are clearly associated with XP, whereas p.Arg112His, p.Arg722Trp, and changes at p.Arg658 are associated with TTD.; to: - Bi-allelic inactivation of XPD protein, a nucleotide excision repair (NER) signaling pathway component encoded by ERCC2 gene, has been associated with several defective DNA repair phenotypes, including xeroderma pigmentosum, photosensitive trichothiodystrophy, and cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome. - Severe, early onset of all three phenotypes have been reported - Variable expressivity has been reported for Xeroderma pigmentosum, group D, MIM# 278730 where individuals can present with or without mild or severe neurologic abnormalities (GeneReviews) - OMIM: The location of variants (mutagenic pattern) is consistent in determining the phenotype. Variants shared by both phenotypes are functionally null alleles, and the second / compound heterozygous variant then determines the phenotype. Changes at p.Arg683 are clearly associated with XP, whereas p.Arg112His, p.Arg722Trp, and changes at p.Arg658 are associated with TTD. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.248 | GNE |
Andrew Coventry changed review comment from: Nonaka myopathy - Well established gene disease relationship. However, age of onset of myopathy reported to usually occur between age 20 and 40. Marginal for childhood onset condition. Thrombocytopenia - well reported association of affected individuals experiencing bleeding episodes that commence from neonatal to early childhood. Myopathy variably reported in those affected - possibly due to young age of individuals presenting with bleeding symptoms. Myopathy, when reported, occurs at similar age of onset to Nonaka. Publication (25257349) indicates myopathy onset in affected sibs at mid-late teens. Also reported renal complications at age 7. Mouse model for GNE knockout shows renal involvement (PMID: 17549255). Condition reported to have caused cerebral haemorrhages in neonatal period (PMID:29941673). Unsure if phenotypic variability of condition, and isolated bleeding phenotype (as in ClinGen) suitable or adequate for screening context.; to: Nonaka myopathy - Well established gene disease relationship. However, age of onset of myopathy reported to usually occur between age 20 and 40. Myopathy then progresses, usually over ~10 year period to then require wheelchair assistance for mobility. Severe condition but onset is marginal for childhood onset screening context. Thrombocytopenia - well reported association of affected individuals experiencing bleeding episodes that commence from neonatal to early childhood. Myopathy variably reported in those affected - possibly due to young age of individuals presenting with bleeding symptoms. Myopathy, when reported, occurs at similar age of onset to Nonaka. Publication (25257349) indicates myopathy onset in affected sibs at mid-late teens. Also reported renal complications at age 7. Mouse model for GNE knockout shows renal involvement (PMID: 17549255). Condition reported to have caused cerebral haemorrhages in neonatal period (PMID:29941673). Unsure if phenotypic variability of condition, and isolated bleeding phenotype (as in ClinGen) suitable or adequate for screening context. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.187 | COLQ |
Marta Cifuentes Ochoa changed review comment from: Patients with congenital myasthenic syndromes present clinically with onset of variable muscle weakness between infancy and adulthood. Well established gene-disease association, more than 10 families reported. HGNC approved symbol/name: COLQ Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo ? Y Known technical challenges?N; to: Patients with congenital myasthenic syndromes present clinically with onset of variable muscle weakness between infancy and adulthood. Presentations: -neonatal: respiratory insufficiency, multiple joint contractures (often described as arthrogryposis multiplex congenita) resulting from a lack of fetal movement in utero. Feeding difficulties, poor suck and cry, choking spells, eyelid ptosis, and facial, bulbar, and generalized weakness.In some individuals, long face, narrow jaw, and a high-arched palate have been reported -childhood: delayed motr milestones, fluctuating eyelid ptosis and fixed or fluctuating extraocular muscle weakness. Ptosis may involve one or both eyelids. Facial and bulbar weakness with nasal speech and difficulties in coughing and swallowing may be present.Spinal deformity or muscle atrophy may occur -limb-girdle Well established gene-disease association, more than 10 families reported. HGNC approved symbol/name: COLQ Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo ? Y Known technical challenges?N |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.168 | YIF1B | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: YIF1B: Added comment: DEFINITIVE gene-disease association by ClinGen. Over 20 individuals now reported in the literature.; Changed publications: 33103737, 32006098, 36948290, 34373908 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepair 1000+ v1.143 | CSMD1 |
Krithika Murali gene: CSMD1 was added gene: CSMD1 was added to Prepair 1000+. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CSMD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CSMD1 were set to PMID:38816421 Phenotypes for gene: CSMD1 were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038 Review for gene: CSMD1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 38816421 Werren et al 2024 report 8 individuals from 6 families with biallelic missense CSMD1 variants identified through exome sequencing and subsequent gene-sharing efforts. Shared phenotypic features included: GDD, ID, microcephaly and polymicrogyria. Other features included dysmorphism, IUGR, hypotonia, arthrogryposis, seizures, opthalmological anomalies and other brain white matter anomalies Heterozygous parents were unaffected. Loss of function is the postulated mechanism based on experimental data involving early-stage forebrain organoids differentiated from CSMD1 knockout human embryonic stem cells. ClinGen haploinsufficiency score of 1, however, this curation was last reviewed in 2018. This gene is within the scope of review for the ClinGen Autism and ID GCEP. Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.123 | ARMC4 | Lilian Downie Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Primary ciliary dyskinesia-23 is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from defective ciliary motility. Affected individuals have respiratory distress and recurrent upper and lower airway infections, and they often develop bronchiectasis. About 50% of patients have situs inversus or laterality defects. Ultrastructural analysis of respiratory cilia shows defects in the outer dynein arm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepair 1000+ v1.43 | ALOXE3 |
Lucy Spencer changed review comment from: HGNC approved symbol/name: ALOXE3 Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo ? Yes early onset; babyscreen review notes its congenital onset. However this gene causes ichthyosis and OMIM says "Affected individuals have a relatively mild ichthyosis phenotype". Im not sure its severe enough to include here. Discussed 25/07/24- this can be a very severe form of ichthyosis, should be green and remain on this panel Treatments available: No specific treatment available (from babyscreen); to: HGNC approved symbol/name: ALOXE3 Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo ? Yes early onset; babyscreen review notes its congenital onset. However this gene causes ichthyosis and OMIM says "Affected individuals have a relatively mild ichthyosis phenotype". Im not sure its severe enough to include here. Treatments available: No specific treatment available (from babyscreen) |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.43 | ALOXE3 |
Lucy Spencer changed review comment from: HGNC approved symbol/name: ALOXE3 Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo ? Yes early onset; babyscreen review notes its congenital onset. However this gene causes ichthyosis and OMIM says "Affected individuals have a relatively mild ichthyosis phenotype". Im not sure its severe enough to include here. Treatments available: No specific treatment available (from babyscreen); to: HGNC approved symbol/name: ALOXE3 Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo ? Yes early onset; babyscreen review notes its congenital onset. However this gene causes ichthyosis and OMIM says "Affected individuals have a relatively mild ichthyosis phenotype". Im not sure its severe enough to include here. Discussed 25/07/24- this can be a very severe form of ichthyosis, should be green and remain on this panel Treatments available: No specific treatment available (from babyscreen) |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.43 | ALOXE3 |
Lucy Spencer changed review comment from: HGNC approved symbol/name: ALOXE3 Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo ? Yes early onset; babyscreen review notes its congenital onset. However this gene causes ichthyosis and OMIM says "Affected individuals have a relatively mild ichthyosis phenotype". Im not sure its severe enough to include here. Treatments available: No specific treatment available (from babyscreen) Known technical challenges? Y; to: HGNC approved symbol/name: ALOXE3 Is the phenotype(s) severe and onset <18yo ? Yes early onset; babyscreen review notes its congenital onset. However this gene causes ichthyosis and OMIM says "Affected individuals have a relatively mild ichthyosis phenotype". Im not sure its severe enough to include here. Treatments available: No specific treatment available (from babyscreen) |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.5 | ADPRHL2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Fourteen unrelated families reported with stress-induced childhood-onset neurodegeneration with variable ataxia and seizures (CONDSIAS), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with onset in the first years of life following normal early development. The disorder is characterised by cyclic episodic deterioration in response to stress, such as infection or febrile illness. The severity is highly variable: some individuals develop seizures early in life that are associated with loss of developmental milestones and early sudden death in childhood, whereas others present at a later age with muscle weakness, gait ataxia, impaired speech, more subtle clinical deterioration, and cognitive decline. Neurologic involvement includes gait ataxia, cerebellar signs associated with cerebellar atrophy, generalized brain atrophy, impaired intellectual development, hearing loss, and peripheral neuropathy. New HGNC approved name is ADPRS.; to: Fourteen unrelated families reported with stress-induced childhood-onset neurodegeneration with variable ataxia and seizures (CONDSIAS), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with onset in the first years of life following normal early development. The disorder is characterised by cyclic episodic deterioration in response to stress, such as infection or febrile illness. The severity is highly variable: some individuals develop seizures early in life that are associated with loss of developmental milestones and early sudden death in childhood, whereas others present at a later age with muscle weakness, gait ataxia, impaired speech, more subtle clinical deterioration, and cognitive decline. Neurologic involvement includes gait ataxia, cerebellar signs associated with cerebellar atrophy, generalized brain atrophy, impaired intellectual development, hearing loss, and peripheral neuropathy. New HGNC approved name is ADPRS. To be upgraded to GREEN in next version of panel. |
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| Prepair 1000+ v1.3 | IDUA | Seb Lunke Added phenotypes Mucopolysaccharidosis Ih, 607014 (3) for gene: IDUA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepair 1000+ v0.181 | IGHM | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Workaround in place to detect variants in this gene.; to: Workaround possible to detect variants in this gene. However, residual risk of false negative results. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepair 1000+ v0.85 | TFR2 |
Crystle Lee gene: TFR2 was added gene: TFR2 was added to Reproductive Carrier Screen_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TFR2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TFR2 were set to 29743178 Phenotypes for gene: TFR2 were set to Hemochromatosis, type 3, MIM#604250 Review for gene: TFR2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Age of onset in individuals with TFR2-HHC is earlier than in individuals with HFE-associated hereditary hemochromatosis (Gene Reviews) PMID: 29743178: Mean age at diagnosis for TFR2 HH (32 years) was significantly higher than for HJV HH Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v0.85 | TECPR2 |
Crystle Lee gene: TECPR2 was added gene: TECPR2 was added to Reproductive Carrier Screen_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TECPR2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TECPR2 were set to 23176824; 26542466; 35130874 Phenotypes for gene: TECPR2 were set to Neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type IX, with developmental delay, MIM#615031 Review for gene: TECPR2 was set to GREEN Added comment: SPG49 is an autosomal recessive complicated form of spastic paraplegia. PMID 23176824 reported 4 Jewish Bukharian individuals homozygous for same founder variant and delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, and onset of spastic paraplegia in the first decade. Affected individuals also had dysmorphic features, thin corpus callosum on brain imaging, and episodes of central apnea, some of which were fatal. Three additional patients from unrelated non-Bukharian families reported in PMID 26542466, harboring two novel variants (c.1319delT, c.C566T) in this gene. In addition to intellectual disability and evolving spasticity, autonomic-sensory neuropathy accompanied by chronic respiratory disease and paroxysmal autonomic events were prominent Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v0.85 | TAT |
Crystle Lee gene: TAT was added gene: TAT was added to Reproductive Carrier Screen_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TAT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TAT were set to 16574453 Phenotypes for gene: TAT were set to Tyrosinemia, type II (MIM#276600) Review for gene: TAT was set to AMBER Added comment: Well established gene-disease association. Also known as Richner-Hanhart syndrome, the clinical hallmarks consist of a triad of painful palmoplantar keratoderma, keratitis with photophobia and variable mental impairment. RHS shows inter and intrafamilial phenotypic variability. Phenotype variability observed even among individuals sharing the same pathogenic variant. Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v0.85 | SLC12A3 |
Crystle Lee gene: SLC12A3 was added gene: SLC12A3 was added to Reproductive Carrier Screen_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC12A3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC12A3 were set to 8528245; 11102542 Phenotypes for gene: SLC12A3 were set to Gitelman syndrome (MIM#263800) Review for gene: SLC12A3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive renal tubular salt-wasting disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. It is the most common renal tubular disorder among Caucasians (prevalence of 1 in 40,000). Most individuals have onset of symptoms as adults, but some can present in childhood. Clinical features include transient periods of muscle weakness and tetany, abdominal pains, and chondrocalcinosis. Well established gene-disease association. Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v0.85 | PYGM |
Crystle Lee gene: PYGM was added gene: PYGM was added to Reproductive Carrier Screen_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PYGM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PYGM were set to McArdle disease (MIM#232600) Review for gene: PYGM was set to AMBER Added comment: Gene-disease association for bi-allelic variants is well established. McCardle disease: glycogen storage disease type V (GSD5), characterized by onset of exercise intolerance and muscle cramps in childhood or adolescence. Transient myoglobinuria may occur after exercise, due to rhabdomyolysis. Severe myoglobinuria may lead to acute renal failure. Patients may report muscle weakness, myalgia, and lack of endurance since childhood or adolescence. Later in adult life, there is persistent and progressive muscle weakness and atrophy with fatty replacement. McArdle disease is a relatively benign disorder, except for possible renal failure as a complication of myoglobinuria Clinical heterogeneity exists; about 10% of all affected individuals have mild manifestations (e.g., fatigue or poor stamina without contractures) and remain virtually asymptomatic during daily activities of living(Gene Reviews) Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v0.85 | MCCC2 |
Crystle Lee gene: MCCC2 was added gene: MCCC2 was added to Reproductive Carrier Screen_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MCCC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: MCCC2 were set to 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 2 deficiency (MIM#210210) Review for gene: MCCC2 was set to RED Added comment: Variants in this gene cause a biochemical defect. Relationship to clinical features is less certain. Variants in this gene have been reported in multiple individuals with ID/regression/neurological phenotypes. However, ascertainment through NBS programs indicates most individuals remain asymptomatic and therefore caution should be applied in interpreting the clinical significance of variants in this gene (though they undoubtedly cause a biochemical phenotype). Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v0.61 | AIRE |
Crystle Lee gene: AIRE was added gene: AIRE was added to Reproductive Carrier Screen_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AIRE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AIRE were set to 35521792; 28323927 Phenotypes for gene: AIRE were set to Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome , type I, with or without reversible metaphyseal dysplasia (MIM#240300) Review for gene: AIRE was set to AMBER Added comment: Well established gene disease association. Onset in childhood however phenotype can vary even between siblings with the same genotype. Therefore, it may be difficult (?impossible) to predict the severity/age of onset from the genotype Most reported individuals have bi-allelic variants. AD inheritance has been reported in a single family (OMIM) p.G228W has been shown to have a dominant-negative effect by binding to WT AIRE (OMIM) Sources: Literature |
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| Prepair 1000+ v0.50 | PLG |
Crystle Lee changed review comment from: 2 AR conditions associated with PLG; Type I plasminogen deficiency and type II plasminogen deficiency, also known as 'dysplasminogenemia'. Patients with type II deficiency are usually asymptomatic (OMIM). The most common clinical manifestation is ligneous conjunctivitis. Other neurological manifestations such as hydrocephalus and Dandy Walker malformation can also be present in some patients PMID: 21174000: Phenotype shows inter- and intra- familial variability. Residual PLG activity does not always correlate with clinical severity AR condition can be associated with severe, early onset presentation; to: 2 AR conditions associated with PLG; Type I plasminogen deficiency and type II plasminogen deficiency, also known as 'dysplasminogenemia'. Patients with type II deficiency are usually asymptomatic (OMIM). The most common clinical manifestation is ligneous conjunctivitis. Other neurological manifestations such as hydrocephalus and Dandy Walker malformation can also be present in some patients PMID: 21174000: Phenotype shows inter- and intra- familial variability. Residual PLG activity does not always correlate with clinical severity AR condition can be associated with severe, early onset presentation |
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| Prepair 1000+ v0.0 | IDUA |
Zornitza Stark gene: IDUA was added gene: IDUA was added to Reproductive Carrier Screen_VCGS. Sources: Mackenzie's Mission,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: IDUA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: IDUA were set to Mucopolysaccharidosis Ih, 607014 (3) |
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