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Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v2.107 LDB1 chirag patel gene: LDB1 was added
gene: LDB1 was added to Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: LDB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes for gene: LDB1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, LDB1-related
Review for gene: LDB1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: ESHG 2026

16 unrelated individuals with 16 different rare heterozygous de novo variants (missense, nonsense, frameshift, gene deletions) in the LDB1 gene. Eleven variants affect the whole gene or the N-terminal dimerization domain and 5 variants affect only the C-terminus. All individuals presented with developmental delay and behaviour issues, but individuals with C-terminal variants also presented with ventriculomegaly.

LDB1 encodes transcriptional regulator protein LIM-domain-binding protein 1, which plays an important role in neurogenesis. In vitro assays showed the N-terminal missense variants disrupted homodimerization of LDB1 (likely leading to a loss of function) but the C-terminal variants impaired interaction with the essential partner LHX2 (in a dominant-negative fashion). Toxicity of overexpressed human LDB1 in Drosophila was not seen for N-terminal missense variants but was exacerbated by C-terminal variants. Phenotypes associated with LDB1/chi loss in Drosophila were a) rescued by overexpression of wild-type LDB1, b) not rescued by N-terminal missense variants, and c) worsened by C-terminal variants. This suggests 2 distinct pathomechanisms of LDB1-related NDDs.
Sources: Other
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v2.0 LHX2 Gene migrated from ENSG00000106689 to ENSG00000106689 (gene set migration)
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.5225 LHX2 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: LHX2 as ready
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.5225 LHX2 Zornitza Stark Gene: lhx2 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.5225 LHX2 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: LHX2 were set to PMID:
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.5224 LHX2 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LHX2 were changed from to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO: 0700092)
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.5223 LHX2 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: LHX2 as Green List (high evidence)
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.5223 LHX2 Zornitza Stark Gene: lhx2 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.5220 LHX2 Manny Jacobs reviewed gene: LHX2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 37057675; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO: 0700092); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.5219 LHX2 Manny Jacobs gene: LHX2 was added
gene: LHX2 was added to Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LHX2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: LHX2 were set to PMID: