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| Fetal anomalies v1.327 | SIRT6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SIRT6 was added gene: SIRT6 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SIRT6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SIRT6 were set to 29555651; 30135584 Phenotypes for gene: SIRT6 were set to syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, SIRT6-related Review for gene: SIRT6 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID:29555651 reported a family with four consecutive cases of late fetal loss at gestational ages between 17 and 35 weeks. The fetuses showed prenatal abnormalities including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), microcephaly, craniofacial anomalies, sex reversal in male fetuses, and congenital heart defects. A homozygous inactivating variant in SIRT6 gene (c.187G > C; p.(Asp63His)) was identified by WES in the four fetuses. There is also functional data available from in vitro studies, SIRT6 D63H mouse embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from D63H homozygous foetuses. There is also functional evidence available from several other studies including PMID:30135584, where CRISPR-Cas9-based approach was used to generate a SIRT6-null cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) model. SIRT6-deficient monkeys died hours after birth and exhibited severe prenatal developmental retardation. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.325 | BRF2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: BRF2 was added gene: BRF2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BRF2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: BRF2 were set to 40229899 Phenotypes for gene: BRF2 were set to Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, BRF2-related Review for gene: BRF2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 individuals from 3 unrelated families reported. In addition, 3 Icelanding families with same recurrent splicing variant and recurrent perinatal deaths; however, affected individuals unable to be genotyped and this seems to be a founder variant. Craniofacial malformations, microcephaly and perinatal death in several individuals. Survivors had ID. Supportive functional data, including animal model. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.318 | MCM7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MCM7 were changed from Meier-Gorlin syndrome; Microcephaly; Intellectual disability; Lipodystrophy; Adrenal insufficiency to Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, MCM7-related; Meier-Gorlin syndrome; Microcephaly; Intellectual disability; Lipodystrophy; Adrenal insufficiency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.311 | ITGAV |
Zornitza Stark gene: ITGAV was added gene: ITGAV was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGAV was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ITGAV were set to 39526957 Phenotypes for gene: ITGAV were set to Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, ITGAV-related Review for gene: ITGAV was set to AMBER Added comment: Three unrelated families reported: two with affected children (one hmz missense; other compound het LoF with missense) and one family with four affected fetuses. Clinical features included brain and eye anomalies and IBD/immune dysregulation. TGF-beta signalling pathway affected. The deletion of itgav in zebrafish recapitulated patient phenotypes including retinal and brain defects and the loss of microglia in early development as well as colitis in juvenile zebrafish with reduced SMAD3 expression and transcriptional regulation. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.302 | LDB1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LDB1 was added gene: LDB1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LDB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: LDB1 were set to 39680505 Phenotypes for gene: LDB1 were set to Congenital hydrocephalus MONDO:0016349 Review for gene: LDB1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Exome-wide significant enrichment of LDB1 protein-altering de novo variants (p = 1.11 x 10-15) in a large cerebral ventriculomegaly cohort (>2,697 parent-proband trios). 8 unrelated cases with ventriculomegaly, developmental delay, and dysmorphic features with de novo variants (7 LoF variants truncate LDB1's carboxy-terminal LIM interaction domain & 1 missense). Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.300 | PDE12 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PDE12 was added gene: PDE12 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PDE12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PDE12 were set to 39567835 Phenotypes for gene: PDE12 were set to Mitochondrial disease MONDO:0044970, PDE12-related Review for gene: PDE12 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 families (2 consanguineous) with 5 affected individuals with early onset mitochondrial disease presentation (3 liveborn, 2 intrauterine death). -Family 1: 1 x infant death @3mths (no clinical information), 1 x 7yr old with neonatal respiratory and lactic acidosis, developmental delay, and mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies, and marked cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency in muscle. -Family 2: 1 x neonatal death @2days with metabolic acidosis and lactic acidosis, respiratory failure, lissencephaly, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and extensive periventricular and subcortical cysts. Normal pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and electron transfer chain activities in fibroblasts. -Family 3: 2 x fetuses (13wks and 22wks) with increase nuchal translucency and reduced fetal movements. One had intra-uterine growth retardation, hydrops and cystic hygroma. The other had permanent flexion contractures of four limbs). Western blotting in fetal skeletal muscle showed absent respiratory chain complexes (I, IV, and V). WES in all 3 families identified 3 different homozygous missense variants in PDE12 gene (p.Tyr155Cys, p.Gly372Glu, and p.Arg41Pro). All variants segregated with disease, were rare in gnomAD, and in silico pathogenicity prediction tools pointed towards a high likelihood of pathogenicity. PDE12 gene encodes the poly(A)-specific exoribonuclease, involved in the quality control of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs. Patient-derived primary fibroblasts demonstrate diminished steady-state levels of PDE12 protein, whilst mitochondrial poly(A)-tail RNA sequencing revealed an accumulation of spuriously polyadenylated mitochondrial RNA, consistent with perturbed function of PDE12 protein. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.292 | GON4L |
Bryony Thompson gene: GON4L was added gene: GON4L was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GON4L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GON4L were set to 39500882; 21937992 Phenotypes for gene: GON4L were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038 Review for gene: GON4L was set to GREEN Added comment: 2 LoF variants in 4 cases from 3 unrelated consanguineous families, and supporting null zebrafish model PMID: 39500882 - 2 homozygous truncating GON4L variants [NM_001282860.2: c.62_63del, p.(Gln21Argfs*12) and c.5517+1G>A] in 3 patients from 2 consanguineous families with prenatal-onset growth impairment, developmental delay, mild intellectual disability, speech impairment, progressive and disproportionate microcephaly, facial asymmetry, congenital heart anomaly, and brain structure abnormalities. Null zebrafish model had distinct morphological and size abnormalities in the craniofacial cartilage of zebrafish larvae Heterozygous carriers in biallelic families were unaffected PMID: 21937992 - a case from Iran from a consanguineous family homozygous for c.5517+1G>A with syndromic ID. No other clinical details provided Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.285 | RREB1 |
Krithika Murali gene: RREB1 was added gene: RREB1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RREB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RREB1 were set to PMID: 32938917; 38332451 Phenotypes for gene: RREB1 were set to Rasopathy, MONDO:0021060, RREB1-related Review for gene: RREB1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID 38332451: de novo LoF variant in an individual with Noonan syndrome-like features. No prenatal phenotype reported in this individual, however, prenatal phenotype has been reported with other RASopathies. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.272 | SGPL1 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: SGPL1 were changed from Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase Insufficiency Syndrome; Nephrotic syndrome, type 14, MIM#617575 to Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase Insufficiency Syndrome; RENI syndrome (MIM#617575) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.269 | KBTBD2 |
Ain Roesley gene: KBTBD2 was added gene: KBTBD2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KBTBD2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KBTBD2 were set to 39313616 Phenotypes for gene: KBTBD2 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, KBTBD2-related Review for gene: KBTBD2 was set to GREEN gene: KBTBD2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 3 families - 2 compound hets and 1 hom phenotypes include: Microcephaly, hypotonia, failure to thrive, IUGR, delayed gross motor development, dysmorphism Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.268 | EXOC3L2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EXOC3L2 were changed from Dandy-Walker malformation, MONDO:0009072; Meckel-Gruber-like syndrome to Brain malformation renal syndrome, MIM# 620943 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.267 | EXOC3L2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: EXOC3L2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Brain malformation renal syndrome, MIM# 620943; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.264 | CSMD1 |
Krithika Murali gene: CSMD1 was added gene: CSMD1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CSMD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CSMD1 were set to PMID: 38816421 Phenotypes for gene: CSMD1 were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038 Review for gene: CSMD1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Prenatal features reported include polyhydramnios, IUGR, preterm labour. Other reported features such as brain anomalies, arthrogryposis have the potential to be ascertained prenatally also. -- PMID 38816421 Werren et al 2024 report 8 individuals from 6 families with biallelic missense CSMD1 variants identified through exome sequencing and subsequent gene-sharing efforts. Shared phenotypic features included: GDD, ID, microcephaly and polymicrogyria. Other features included dysmorphism, IUGR, hypotonia, arthrogryposis, seizures, opthalmological anomalies and other brain white matter anomalies Heterozygous parents were unaffected. Loss of function is the postulated mechanism based on experimental data involving early-stage forebrain organoids differentiated from CSMD1 knockout human embryonic stem cells. ClinGen haploinsufficiency score of 1, however, this curation was last reviewed in 2018. This gene is within the scope of review for the ClinGen Autism and ID GCEP. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.256 | SRPK3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SRPK3 was added gene: SRPK3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SRPK3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: SRPK3 were set to 39073169 Phenotypes for gene: SRPK3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SRPK3-related Review for gene: SRPK3 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID 39073169: 9 individuals from 5 unrelated families reported with 4 missense and 1 putative truncating variant and a neurodevelopmental phenotype. The 8 patients ascertained postnatally shared common clinical features including intellectual disability, agenesis of the corpus callosum, abnormal eye movement, and ataxia. A ninth case, ascertained prenatally, had a complex structural brain phenotype. Supportive animal model data (mouse and zebrafish). Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.252 | VPS50 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: VPS50: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38876772; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.252 | SERPINA11 |
Ain Roesley gene: SERPINA11 was added gene: SERPINA11 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SERPINA11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SERPINA11 were set to 38831697 Phenotypes for gene: SERPINA11 were set to pericardial effusion; pleural effusion Review for gene: SERPINA11 was set to RED gene: SERPINA11 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 1 family with 2 fetuses. 1st fetus presented with isolated pericardial effusion and a TOP was opted. post mortem: mild subcutaneous edema with subtle facial dysmorphic features small gelatinous glistening cyst on the right pericardium. Bilateral pleural effusion and multiple similar cysts were noted on the lung surfaces 2nd fetus also presented with pleural and pericardial effusion and a TOP was opted post mortem findings were similar to fetus#1 homozygous nonsense variant in SERPINA11 was found p.(Tyr224*) Immunofluorescence of lung sections from fetus#1 and a gestation-matched fetus as a control demonstrated undetectable levels of SERPINA11 in the bronchiolar epithelium Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.245 | FUZ | Chirag Patel reviewed gene: FUZ: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 38702430, 29068549, 34719684; Phenotypes: Ciliopathy_MONDO_0005308, skeletal ciliopathy; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.234 | CNOT1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CNOT1: Added comment: LIMITED by ClinGen for holoprosencephaly 12 with or without pancreatic agenesis, MONDO:0032787 ClinGen curation: CNOT1 was originally reported in cases of holoprosencephaly and/or pancreatic agenesis/insufficiency in 2019 (PMID: 31006513, 31006510). One of the papers included 3 individuals with heterozygous p.Arg535Cys (PMID: 31006513), confirmed to be de novo in 2 individuals. One of these individuals was not scored due to a lack of documentation of holoprosencephaly. The other paper included 2 individuals with de novo p.Arg535Cys, both of whom with holoprosencephaly. A knock-in mouse model of this variant showed neurological and pancreatic abnormalities at E14.5, and this evidence was used to augment the genetic evidence. A mouse brain expression study (PMID: 31006510) was scored as functional evidence. In total, there is Limited evidence to support the gene-disease relationship between CNOT1 and holoprosencephaly with or without pancreatic agenesis. Of note, this gene has also been implicated in Vissers-Bodmer syndrome, which is characterized by global developmental delay and behavioral abnormalities apparent from infancy. As the condition is clinically distinct from holoprosencephaly and/or pancreatic agenesis/insufficiency, lacks specific structural brain anomalies, and likely has different molecular mechanisms, this will be/have been assessed separately.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed phenotypes: Holoprosencephaly 12 with or without pancreatic agenesis MONDO:0032787 |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.225 | DISP1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DISP1: Added comment: PMID: 38529886 25 individuals from 20 unrelated families with a phenotype associated with mild holoprosencephaly (HPE). A total of 23 different variants were identified in DISP1 (missense, frameshift and nonsense). 14 heterozygous individuals , 5 compound heterozygous individuals, 6 homozygous individuals (5 of the individuals were from 3 unrelated consanguineous families). HPE phenotype was also seen prenatally as one of the reported monoallelic individuals was a fetus at 20+6 GW prior to passing due to MTP.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 19184110, 26748417, 23542665, 38529886; Changed phenotypes: Holoprosencephaly (MONDO:0016296), DISP1-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.224 | FRYL |
Ain Roesley gene: FRYL was added gene: FRYL was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FRYL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FRYL were set to 38479391 Phenotypes for gene: FRYL were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, FRYL-related Review for gene: FRYL was set to AMBER gene: FRYL was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 14 individuals, all de novo except 1x duo testing (not present in tested father) 5x missense + 8x fs/stopgain + 1x canonical splice 7/14 with cardiac anomalies Of interest to this panel: 1x tetralogy of fallot (TOF) with pulmonary atresia (PA), 2x dextrocardia, 1x hypoplastic left heart syndrome Other reported features AVSD, VSD, PDA Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.222 | SASS6 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: SASS6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38501757, 36739862; Phenotypes: Microcephaly 14, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 616402; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.218 | WASHC5 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: WASHC5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome 1 MIM#220210; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.217 | SLC37A4 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: SLC37A4: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.216 | RBFOX2 |
Ain Roesley gene: RBFOX2 was added gene: RBFOX2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RBFOX2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RBFOX2 were set to 26785492; 27670201; 27485310; 25205790; 35137168; 26785492; 37165897 Review for gene: RBFOX2 was set to AMBER gene: RBFOX2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 37165897 1x 'splice altering' de novo in in an individual with HLSH + AVSD - PMID: 26785492: Analysed CHD (1213 congenital heart disease trios) and control (autism spectrum disorder) trios for de novo mutations. Found RBFOX2 gene had significantly more damaging de novo variants than expected: 3 de novo LoF variants (eg. nonsense, frameshift, or canonical splice disruptions). All 3 probands have hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). No further patient-specific clinical or variant info were available. Same cohort later included in PMID: 32368696, listed 4 de novo variants in this gene, in patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) or conotruncal defects (CTDs). - PMID: 27670201: RNA expression study showed the silenced allele harbours a nonsense RBFOX2 variant (Arg287*), CHD patient heart tissue sample, same patient published in PMID: 26785492. - PMID: 27485310: Functional studies using heart tissue sample from HLHS patient with NM_001031695.2:c.859C>T p.(Arg287*) showed subcellular mislocalisation, impacting its nuclear function in RNA splicing. - PMID: 25205790: De novo 111.3kb del chr22:36038076-36149338 (hg19) which includes APOL5,APOL6,RBFOX2, in a patient with HLHS. - PMID: 35137168: Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.215 | PRDM6 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PRDM6: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38071433; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: None; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.212 | KDR | Ain Roesley edited their review of gene: KDR: Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 34113005, 30232381, 28991257, 30232381; Set current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.211 | IRX4 |
Ain Roesley gene: IRX4 was added gene: IRX4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: IRX4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: IRX4 were set to 21544582 Phenotypes for gene: IRX4 were set to Ventricular septal defect Review for gene: IRX4 was set to RED gene: IRX4 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Two individuals with novel missense variants identified in a large cohort in 2011. nothing new in punned Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.210 | HEY2 |
Ain Roesley gene: HEY2 was added gene: HEY2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HEY2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HEY2 were set to 32820247 Phenotypes for gene: HEY2 were set to congenital heart defects and thoracic aortic aneurysms Review for gene: HEY2 was set to RED gene: HEY2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: A very large family affected by CHD and familial thoracic aortic aneurysms. Trio genome sequencing was carried out in an index patient with critical CHD, and family members had either exome or Sanger sequencing. Identified homozygous loss-of-function variant (c.318_319delAG, p.G108*) in HEY2 in 3 individuals in family with critical CHD, whereas the 20 heterozygous carriers show a spectrum of CVDs (CHD and FTAA, but varying expressivity and incomplete penetrance). Other studies show that knockout of HEY2 in mice results in cardiovascular defects (CVDs), including septal defects, cardiomyopathy, a thin-walled aorta, and valve anomalies. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.208 | DOHH |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: 4 families - 5 affecteds 1x cardiomyopathy at prenatal examination 4/5 presented with CHD post-natally - VSD, ASD, severe cardiomegaly, Shone syndrome with aortic coarctation; bicuspid aortic valve; tricuspid-valve insufficiency etc microcephaly was post-natal Sources: Literature; to: 4 families - 5 affecteds prenatal examination: 1x cardiomyopathy 1x increased nuchal translucency; chylothorax post-natal: 4/5 presented with CHD - VSD, ASD, severe cardiomegaly, Shone syndrome with aortic coarctation; bicuspid aortic valve; tricuspid-valve insufficiency etc 5/5 microcephaly |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.208 | DOHH |
Ain Roesley gene: DOHH was added gene: DOHH was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DOHH was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DOHH were set to 35858628 Phenotypes for gene: DOHH were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and visual impairment, MIM# 620066 Review for gene: DOHH was set to GREEN gene: DOHH was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 4 families - 5 affecteds 1x cardiomyopathy at prenatal examination 4/5 presented with CHD post-natally - VSD, ASD, severe cardiomegaly, Shone syndrome with aortic coarctation; bicuspid aortic valve; tricuspid-valve insufficiency etc microcephaly was post-natal Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.206 | AMOTL1 |
Ain Roesley gene: AMOTL1 was added gene: AMOTL1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AMOTL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: AMOTL1 were set to 36751037 Phenotypes for gene: AMOTL1 were set to Orofacial clefting syndrome, MONDO:0015335, AMOTL1-related Review for gene: AMOTL1 was set to GREEN gene: AMOTL1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 36751037- 16 individuals from 12 families with orofacial clefting syndrome and het variants in AMOTL1. Many in 1 hotspot: 5 individuals from 3 families have R157C, 6 individuals from another 4 families have R157H, 1 has P160L, and another has Q161R. Out of this hostpaot- 1 with P368A, 1 with E507K, 1 with E579K. 7 are de novo. All but 2 have clefting, 7 are dysmorphic, 5 have hearing loss, 9 have CHD, 7 have tall stature, 6 have dev delay. Other features include liver disease, myopia, scoliosis and immune involvement. Another 2 families have been previously reported (described in the panelapp review below) with variants in this hotspot 1 has 2 individuals with R157C, the other has 1 individual with P160L. All hotspot are absent from gnomad v2. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.204 | AL117258.1 |
Ain Roesley gene: AL117258.1 was added gene: AL117258.1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AL117258.1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AL117258.1 were set to 34903892 Phenotypes for gene: AL117258.1 were set to Heterotaxy; congenital heart defects Review for gene: AL117258.1 was set to GREEN gene: AL117258.1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Gene also known as CIROP and LMLN2 Homozygous or compound heterozygous CIROP variants identified in 12 families with congenital heart defects associated with heterotaxy. Functional tests performed on Xenopus and zebrafish embryos showed that CIROP was essential for left side symmetry and is expressed in ciliated left–right organisers. Sources: Literature Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.182 | WDR44 |
Andrew Fennell gene: WDR44 was added gene: WDR44 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR44 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: WDR44 were set to PMID: 38191484 Phenotypes for gene: WDR44 were set to Ciliopathy, MONDO:0005308, WDR44-related Review for gene: WDR44 was set to GREEN Added comment: 11 male patients with 6 missense and 1 nonsense variant in WDR44 displaying a wide range of cognitive impairment and variable congenital anomalies associated with primary cilium dysfunction. All patients had learning difficulties with 8 labelled as intellectually disabled (mild-moderate). Other clinical features included anomalies of craniofacial, musculoskeletal, brain, renal and cardiac development. WDR44 is a negative regulator of ciliogenesis. Increased binding is hypothesised to underlie the pathogenicity of WDR44 variants identified in this cohort. Functional data supported impaired ciliogenesis initiation in patient fibroblasts and a zebrafish model. A zebrafish model recapitulated the human phenotype when morphants expressed WDR44 L668S, D669N, S764F, G782C, H839R, and R733* variants. Of note, D648G or N840S did not recapitulate the phenotype in the zebrafish model. The studies supported a GoF mechanism, but the authors could not rule out that LoF of WDR44 contributes to the ciliopathy-like phenotype observed, because protein expression data was only available for a limited number of patients. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.182 | CELSR1 | Chern Lim reviewed gene: CELSR1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38272662; Phenotypes: hydrops fetalis (MONDO:0015193), CELSR1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.179 | MAX |
Rylee Peters gene: MAX was added gene: MAX was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAX was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MAX were set to 38141607 Phenotypes for gene: MAX were set to Syndromic disease (MONDO:0002254), MAX-related Review for gene: MAX was set to GREEN Added comment: Three individuals who each share a recurrent de novo germline variant in the MAX gene, resulting in a p.Arg60Gln substitution in the loop of the b-HLH-LZ domain. Affected individuals have a complex disorder consisting primarily of macrocephaly, polydactyly, and delayed ophthalmic development. Other phenotypes reported include intellectual disability, perianal abscesses, pectus carinatum, hypospadias, renal agenesis, single umbilical artery, flattened thoracic vertebrae. Functional analysis of the p.Arg60Gln variant shows a significant increase in CCND2 protein and a more efficient heterodimerization with c-Myc resulting in an increase in transcriptional activity of c-Myc. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.177 | CNOT2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CNOT2 was added gene: CNOT2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CNOT2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CNOT2 were set to 31512373; 31145527; 28135719 Phenotypes for gene: CNOT2 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with nasal speech, dysmorphic facies, and variable skeletal anomalies 618608 Review for gene: CNOT2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Congenital heart disease and poor growth may be detectable prenatally. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.146 | GNPNAT1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GNPNAT1 was added gene: GNPNAT1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: GNPNAT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GNPNAT1 were set to 36097642; 35427807; 32591345 Phenotypes for gene: GNPNAT1 were set to Rhizomelic dysplasia, Ain-Naz type, MIM#619598 Review for gene: GNPNAT1 was set to AMBER Added comment: 3 unrelated families reported with a skeletal dysplasia characterised by severe short stature and rhizomelic shortening. No antenatal features reported. The parents in PMID 36097642 had a medical termination of pregnancy at 4 months gestation for a fetus with skeletal anomalies - not genotyped. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.142 | DBR1 |
Chern Lim edited their review of gene: DBR1: Added comment: PMID: 37656279: - A homozygous missense as a founder recessive DBR1 variant in four consanguineous families. - Total of 7 affected children. WES done for one proband from each family. - Consistent features include prematurity, severe intrauterine growth deficiency, congenital ichthyosis-like presentation (collodion membrane, severe skin peeling and xerosis), and death before the first year of life. - RNA and protein studies using fibroblasts derived from a patient are supportive of pathogenicity: RNA-seq, rt-qPCR and western blotting, showing marked reduction of DBR1 level and intronic RNA lariat accumulation in the patient sample. - Haplotype analysis revealed that the four families all share a haplotype extending at least 2.27 Mb around the c.200A>G p.(Tyr67Cys) DBR1 founder variant. - Authors proposed this is a novel DBR1-related developmental disorder that is distinct from DBR1-related encephalitis susceptibility, and highlighted the apparent lack of correlation with the degree of DBR1 deficiency.; Changed phenotypes: Ichthyosis (MONDO#0019269), DBR1-related |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.140 | LNPK |
Lilian Downie gene: LNPK was added gene: LNPK was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LNPK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LNPK were set to PMID: 30032983, PMID:35599435, https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/advance-article/doi/10.1093/braincomms/fcad222/7243438?login=true Phenotypes for gene: LNPK were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum MIM#618090 Review for gene: LNPK was set to GREEN Added comment: Moderate to severe ID, majority of patients 10/15 have period of regression Epilepsy (myoclonic frequently) Structural brain anomalies 'ear of the lynx sign', callosal hypoplasia, mild brain including cerebellar atrophy. Microcephaly, macrocephaly and normal head circumference described. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.140 | DBR1 |
Chern Lim gene: DBR1 was added gene: DBR1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DBR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DBR1 were set to 37656279 Phenotypes for gene: DBR1 were set to Prematurity, severe intrauterine growth deficiency, congenital ichthyosis-like presentation, and death before the first year of life Review for gene: DBR1 was set to AMBER gene: DBR1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 37656279: - A homozygous missense as a founder recessive DBR1 variant in four consanguineous families. - Consistent features include prematurity, severe intrauterine growth deficiency, congenital ichthyosis-like presentation (collodion membrane, severe skin peeling and xerosis), and death before the first year of life. - RNA and protein studies using fibroblasts derived from a patient are supportive of pathogenicity: RNA-seq, rt-qPCR and western blotting, showing marked reduction of DBR1 level and intronic RNA lariat accumulation in the patient sample. - Haplotype analysis revealed that the four families all share a haplotype extending at least 2.27 Mb around the c.200A>G p.(Tyr67Cys) DBR1 founder variant. - Authors proposed this is a novel DBR1-related developmental disorder that is distinct from DBR1-related encephalitis susceptibility, and highlighted the apparent lack of correlation with the degree of DBR1 deficiency. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.138 | ATP5O |
Zornitza Stark gene: ATP5O was added gene: ATP5O was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP5O was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ATP5O were set to 35621276; 34954817 Phenotypes for gene: ATP5O were set to Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 7, MIM# 620359 Review for gene: ATP5O was set to GREEN Added comment: Prenatal phenotypes reported (IUGR, CHD, oligohydramnios) Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.132 | PHF5A |
Daniel Flanagan gene: PHF5A was added gene: PHF5A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PHF5A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: PHF5A were set to PMID: 37422718 Review for gene: PHF5A was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine subjects with congenital malformations, including hypospadias, growth abnormalities, and developmental delay who had de novo PHF5A variants. Prenatally, six subjects had intrauterine growth retardation. All subjects had motor and speech delay and developmental delay. Congenital abnormalities comprised hypospadias in three of four male subjects and heart defects, inguinal hernia, and sacral dimple in three subjects. Six of the nine subjects had short stature. Craniofacial dysmorphism is variable in the nine subjects, high forehead and preauricular skin tag(s) in five subjects. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.129 | STX5 |
Ain Roesley gene: STX5 was added gene: STX5 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: STX5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: STX5 were set to 34711829 Phenotypes for gene: STX5 were set to congenital disorder of glycosylation MONDO#0015286, STX5-related Review for gene: STX5 was set to AMBER gene: STX5 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 1x family with 3x deceased shortly after death + 3x spontaneous abortions + 2x abortions due to abnormal fatal ultrasound (US). Hom for NM_003164.4:c.163 A > G p.(Met55Val), which results in complete loss of short isoform (which uses Met55 as the start) phenotype: short long bones on US, dysmorphism, skeletal dysplasia, profound hypotonia, hepatomegaly elevated cholesterol. Post-natally they died of progressive liver failure with cholestasis and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemias Primary human dermal fibroblasts isolated from these patients show defective glycosylation, altered Golgi morphology as measured by electron microscopy, mislocalization of glycosyltransferases, and compromised ER-Golgi trafficking Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.124 | INTS13 |
Chirag Patel gene: INTS13 was added gene: INTS13 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: INTS13 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: INTS13 were set to PMID: 36229431 Phenotypes for gene: INTS13 were set to Oral-facial-digital syndrome Review for gene: INTS13 was set to GREEN gene: INTS13 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 2 families with 4 affected individuals with Oral-facial-digital (OFD) phenotype. Homozygosity mapping and WES found 2 homozygous variants in INTS13 gene. This is a subunit of the Integrator complex, which associates with RNA Polymerase II and cleaves nascent RNA to modulate gene expression. Variants segregated with disease. Depletion of INTS13 disrupts ciliogenesis in human cultured cells and causes dysregulation of a broad collection of ciliary genes. Knockdown in Xenopus embryos leads to motile cilia anomalies. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.122 | DCAF15 |
Chirag Patel gene: DCAF15 was added gene: DCAF15 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: DCAF15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DCAF15 were set to Cornelia de Lange syndrome Review for gene: DCAF15 was set to AMBER Added comment: ESHG 2023: 3 unrelated cases with CdLS (1 x TOP with MCA, 1 x death @20mths, 1 x living child) Features suggestive of CdLS - DD, microcephaly, CHD, dysmorphism, visual/hearing impairment. WES identified recurrent de novo variant (p.Ser470Phe) in DCAF15 gene. This mediates ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins, and interacts with cohesin complex members (SMC1/SMC3). Protein analysis from individuals showed increased accumulation of ubiquitination-modified proteins and SM3 (GOF mechanism). EpiSign analysis showed same DNA methylation pattern as other CdLS cases/genes. Zebrafish model showed reduced body length, reduced head size, reduced oligodendrocytes, heart defect, aberrant motor neurons, and abnormal response to visual/auditory stimuli. Sources: Other |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.118 | NUDCD2 |
Ee Ming Wong gene: NUDCD2 was added gene: NUDCD2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NUDCD2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NUDCD2 were set to 37272762 Phenotypes for gene: NUDCD2 were set to Multiple congenital anomalies (MONDO:0019042), NUDCD2-related Penetrance for gene: NUDCD2 were set to unknown Review for gene: NUDCD2 was set to AMBER gene: NUDCD2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: - Two unrelated probands, each biallelic for two variants in NUDCD2 (total 3x LoF variants, 1x missense variant) - Immunoblotting of proteins extracted from the primary fibroblasts of one proband with 2x LoF variants demonstrated markedly reduced NUDCD2 levels compared to healthy individuals Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.114 | RAB34 |
Sarah Pantaleo gene: RAB34 was added gene: RAB34 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB34 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RAB34 were set to PMID: 37384395 Phenotypes for gene: RAB34 were set to Clefting; corpus callosum; short bones; hypertelorism; polydactyly; cardiac defects; anorectal anomalies Penetrance for gene: RAB34 were set to Complete Review for gene: RAB34 was set to GREEN Added comment: Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogenous disorders characterised by defects in the development of the face and oral cavity along with digit anomalies. Pathogenic variants in >20 genes encoding ciliary proteins have been found to cause OFDS. Identified by WES biallelic missense variants in a novel disease-causing ciliary gene RAB34 in four individuals from three unrelated families (aided by GeneMatcher). Affected individuals presented a novel form of OFDS accompanied by cardiac, cerebral, skeletal (eg. Shortening of long bones), and anorectal defects. RAB34 encodes a member of the Lab GTPase superfamily and was recently identified as a key mediator of ciliary membrane formation. Protein products of pathogenic variants clustered near the RAB34 C-terminus exhibit a strong loss of function. Onset is prenatal (multiple developmental defects including short femur, polydactyly, heart malformations, kidney malformations, brain malformations), resulting in medical termination for three probands. In the fourth, the only one alive at birth, proband born at 39+5 weeks, normal growth parameters after pregnancy with polyhydramnios, corpus callosum agenesis and polydactyly. Respiratory distress at birth. All four probands presented typical features of ciliopathy disorders, overlapping with oral, facial and digital abnormalities. All with homozygous missense variants. All absent in gnomAD (in homozygous state). Sanger sequencing confirmed mode of inheritance. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.112 | KIF26A |
Zornitza Stark gene: KIF26A was added gene: KIF26A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF26A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KIF26A were set to 36564622 Phenotypes for gene: KIF26A were set to Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 11, MIM# 620156 Review for gene: KIF26A was set to GREEN Added comment: Five individuals from two families each with a different homozygous truncating variant in KIF26A segregating with profound ENS dysfunction that manifested clinically like Hirschsprung’s disease despite normal ganglionosis. Moreover, they all have neurological involvement with brain malformations ranging from ventriculomegaly to severe congenital hydrocephalus in two siblings who died early in life. Clinically, they displayed developmental delay and, in the longest surviving individual, spastic paraplegia. Brain abnormalities may be detectable antenatally. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.105 | GATAD2A |
Zornitza Stark gene: GATAD2A was added gene: GATAD2A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GATAD2A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GATAD2A were set to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100198; 17565372 Phenotypes for gene: GATAD2A were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, GATAD2A-related Review for gene: GATAD2A was set to AMBER Added comment: Inconsistent pattern of congenital abnormalities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100198 - Five unrelated individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder identified with 3 missense & 2 LoF (4 de novo & 1 unknown inheritance). The shared clinical features with variable expressivity include global developmental delay (4/4), craniofacial dysmorphism (3/5), structural brain defects (2/3), musculoskeletal anomalies (3/5), vision/hearing defects (2/3), gastrointestinal/renal defects (2/3). Loss of function is the expected mechanism of disease. In vitro assays of one of the missense variants (p.Cys420Tyr) demonstrates disruption of GATAD2A integration with CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5 PMID: 17565372 - null mouse model is embryonic lethal. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.101 | KIF21A |
Chirag Patel gene: KIF21A was added gene: KIF21A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF21A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KIF21A were set to PMID: 34740919 Phenotypes for gene: KIF21A were set to Severe fetal akinesia with arthrogryposis multiplex Review for gene: KIF21A was set to AMBER Added comment: 2 unrelated consanguineous Turkish families with 5 affected fetuses with severe fetal akinesia with arthrogryposis multiplex. WES identified different homozygous LOF variants in KIF21A gene (p.Leu449* and p.Arg791Glufs*8). Parents and a healthy sibling were heterozygous carriers. No functional studies. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.93 | ESAM |
Chern Lim gene: ESAM was added gene: ESAM was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ESAM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ESAM were set to 36996813 Phenotypes for gene: ESAM were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), ESAM-related Review for gene: ESAM was set to GREEN gene: ESAM was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID 36996813 - Thirteen affected individuals, including four fetuses, from eight unrelated families, with homozygous loss-of-function-type variants in ESAM – 2 of the variants are frameshifts, 1x nonsense, 1x canonical splice. - Affected individuals have profound global developmental delay/unspecified intellectual disability, epilepsy, absent or severely delayed speech, varying degrees of spasticity, ventriculomegaly, and ICH/cerebral calcifications, the latter being also observed in the fetuses. - One of the frameshift variant c.115del (p.Arg39Glyfs*33), was detected in six individuals from four unrelated families from the same geographic region in Turkey (southeastern Anatolia), suggesting a founder effect. - The c.451+1G>A variant was detected in three individuals from two independent families with the same ethnic origin (Arab Bedouin) Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.93 | FILIP1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: FILIP1 was added gene: FILIP1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FILIP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FILIP1 were set to 36943452 Phenotypes for gene: FILIP1 were set to Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita MONDO:0015168 Penetrance for gene: FILIP1 were set to unknown Review for gene: FILIP1 was set to GREEN gene: FILIP1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 3 families, all consanguineous, reported with 3 different homozygous loss of function variants (2x NMD-predicted nonsense, 1x intragenic deletion of exons 3-6 of 6). In one family, the variant segregated in 3 affected siblings. Phenotypes consist of congenital contractures affecting shoulder, elbow, hand, hip, knee and foot as well as scoliosis, reduced palmar and plantar skin folds, microcephaly (-1.5 to -4 SD), and facial dysmorphism. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.88 | HMGB1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HMGB1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36755093, 34159400; Phenotypes: brachyphalangy, polydactyly, and tibial aplasia/hypoplasia MIM#163905; Mode of inheritance: None; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.82 | SLC31A1 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: SLC31A1 was added gene: SLC31A1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC31A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC31A1 were set to PMID: 35913762; 36562171 Phenotypes for gene: SLC31A1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, SLC31A1-related (MONDO#0700092) Review for gene: SLC31A1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID:36562171 Homozygous c.236T>C; p.(Leu79Pro) identified in a newborn of consanguineous parents. Variant absent from gnomAD. Prenatal ultrasound showed a male fetus with short femoral bones, an apparently enlarged heart-to-thorax ratio, and a wide cisterna magna. The infant was born with pulmonary hypoplasia. At 2 weeks of age, multifocal brain hemorrhages were diagnosed and the infant developed seizures. The infant died at 1 month of age. The Mother had three healthy children while nine pregnancies had been extrauterine gravidities or ended in first or mid-trimester spontaneous abortions. PMID: 35913762 SLC31A1 is also referred to as CTR1. Monozygotic twins with hypotonia, global developmental delay, seizures, and rapid brain atrophy, consistent with profound central nervous system copper deficiency. Homozygous for a novel missense variant (p.(Arg95His)) in copper transporter CTR1, both parents heterozygous. A mouse knock-out model of CTR1 deficiency resulted in prenatal lethality. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.78 | KDM2B |
Ain Roesley gene: KDM2B was added gene: KDM2B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM2B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KDM2B were set to 36322151 Phenotypes for gene: KDM2B were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#070009, KDM2B-related Review for gene: KDM2B was set to GREEN gene: KDM2B was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 27 individuals from 22 families were recruited 13 SNV classified LP/P, all de novo except 2 familial cases 5 variants were classified as VUS if more than 1 het is present in gnomAD or does result in a KDM2B-specific episignature (therefore suggesting normal function) 14 families with SNVs and a variety of cardiac anomalies including ASD, VSD, MR, PDA, PFO, Atrial septal aneurysm and Mild mitral insufficiency Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.73 | MED11 |
Ain Roesley gene: MED11 was added gene: MED11 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MED11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MED11 were set to 36001086 Phenotypes for gene: MED11 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, MED11-related Review for gene: MED11 was set to AMBER gene: MED11 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 7 affected from 5 families (3x consang) with the same recurrent variant of p.(Arg109*). Protein truncating, NOT NMD as proven by RT-PCR and western blot. Zebrafish knockout model recapitulates key clinical phenotypes NO evidence of founder effect from haplotype analysis 7/7 cerebral dysgyria, cortical atrophy 5/7 limb contracture 4/7 epilepsy 3/7 families with IUGR 3/7 GDD 3/7 hearing loss 3/7 undescended testis 2/7 nystagmus 1/7 congenital cataract Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.71 | FOSL2 |
Krithika Murali gene: FOSL2 was added gene: FOSL2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FOSL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FOSL2 were set to 36197437 Phenotypes for gene: FOSL2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, FOSL2-related Review for gene: FOSL2 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 36197437 Cospain et al 2022 report 11 individuals from 10 families with heterozygous PTC variants in exon 4/4 of the FOSL2 gene. All variants were predicted to escape NMD resulting in a truncated protein, with the truncation occurring proximal to the C-terminal domain (supportive functional studies). In 10/11 families the variant occurred de novo in a single affected proband. In one family with 2 affected siblings, the variant was present in the siblings but absent in the unaffected parent likely due to gonadal mosaicism. Clinical features included: - Cutis aplasia congenital of the scalp (10/11) - Tooth enamel hypoplasia and discolouration (8/9) - Multiple other ectodermal features also noted e.g. small brittle nails, hypotrichosis/hypertrichosis, lichen sclerosis - 5 individuals had cataracts (mostly bilateral, congenital/early childhood onset) - 6/9 IUGR - 5/9 postnatal growth restriction - 7/9 developmental delay/ID - 5/7 ADHD/ASD - 2/9 seizures Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.71 | KCNK3 |
Krithika Murali gene: KCNK3 was added gene: KCNK3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNK3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KCNK3 were set to 36195757 Phenotypes for gene: KCNK3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, KCNK3-related; developmental delay with sleep apnoea (DDSA) Review for gene: KCNK3 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 36195757 Sörmann et al 2022 report 9 unrelated individuals with de novo heterozygous KCNK3 missense variants (21 weeks to 25 years old). All 8 living probands (3-25 years) had hypotonia, global developmental delay, central and/or obstructive sleep apnoea and feeding difficulties. 7/9 probands had additional anomalies including microcephaly (at least 3/9), arthrogryposis/flexion contractures/foot deformities (7/9), scoliosis, cleft palate (2/9), and ambiguous genitalia/undescended testes (5/6) and dysmorphism. IUGR reported in 3/9 probands and polyhdramnios in 2/9. KCNK3 encodes the TASK-1 K2P channel expressed throughout the central nervous system. All identified variants clustered near the X-gate and are involved in inter- or intra-subunit interaction likely to hold the X-gate closed. Individuals with variants located in the M2 transmembrane helix had a more severe phenotype than those with variants in the M4 helix. Functional studies support a gain of function disease mechanism with increased channel activation. TASK-1 K+ channel inhibitors (some in clinical use) have been raised as a possible therapeutic strategy. ---- Heterozygous LoF variants associated with a different disorder - primary pulmonary arterial hypertension Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.67 | NODAL |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NODAL: Added comment: NODAL is a good biological candidate for heterotaxy disorders, and this is supported by animal models. The gene is depleted for LoF variants in gnomad. The missense variants reported in PMIDs 9354794 and 19064609 are present at a high population frequency in gnomad, including some in homozygous case: their association with disease is DISPUTED. A total of at least 7 families reported with severe CHD and high impact variants (stop gain, frameshift and canonical splice site). However, almost invariably these were inherited from unaffected or questionably affected parents (e.g. self reports of heart murmur in childhood), raising questions about whether these variants contribute to disease under a monogenic or polygenic model and/or about penetrance. Discussed at GenCC on 13/9/2022 and agreed on MODERATE assessment.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 9354794, 19064609, 29368431, 19933292, 11311163, 30293987 |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.64 | ADAMTS15 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ADAMTS15 was added gene: ADAMTS15 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAMTS15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADAMTS15 were set to 35962790 Phenotypes for gene: ADAMTS15 were set to Arthrogryposis (MONDO:0008779), ADMATS15-related Review for gene: ADAMTS15 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 35962790; Four different homozygous variants identified in five affected individuals from four unrelated consanguineous families presenting with congenital flexion contractures of the interphalangeal joints and hypoplastic or absent palmar creases. All patients also had a mild appearance of fetal finger pads and clinodactyly of the fifth finger. Other reported phenotypes include: contractures of knee, Achilles tendon, and ankle (4/5), spine involvement (kyphoscoliosis and/or spinal stiffness) (4/5), and orthodontic features (small mouth, dental crowding, missing teeth, or arched palate) (4/5). Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.63 | NPNT | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NPNT were changed from Renal agenesis, no OMIM # to Renal agenesis, MONDO:0018470, NPNT-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.61 | NPNT | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: NPNT: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Renal agenesis, MONDO:0018470, NPNT-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.60 | NPNT |
Chirag Patel gene: NPNT was added gene: NPNT was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NPNT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NPNT were set to PMID: 35246978, 34049960, 17537792 Phenotypes for gene: NPNT were set to Renal agenesis, no OMIM # Review for gene: NPNT was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 consanguineous families with multiple affecteds with bilateral renal agenesis. Whole-exome sequencing (WES)-based homozygosity mapping identified 2 homozygous truncating variants. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction data showing complete nonsense-mediated decay of the NPNT transcript. Loss of nephronectin (NPNT) is known to lead to failure of metanephric kidney development with resulting renal agenesis in murine models. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.51 | BMP3 |
Seb Lunke gene: BMP3 was added gene: BMP3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BMP3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: BMP3 were set to 35089417 Phenotypes for gene: BMP3 were set to coloboma, MONDO:0001476; microphthalmia, MONDO:0021129 Added comment: Single missense variant identified segregating with disease following WES screen in a family with coloboma and/or microphthalmia in BMP3. Two additional unrelated patients identified with different missense in BMP3. Pathogenicity however largely on in-silicos, with one of the 3 missense having 29 hets in gnomAD. Additional functional work in bmp3 -/- zebra fish and some supporting evidence but not conclusive. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.47 | GINS3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GINS3 was added gene: GINS3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GINS3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GINS3 were set to 35603789 Phenotypes for gene: GINS3 were set to Meier-Gorlin syndrome, MONDO:0016817, GINS3-related Review for gene: GINS3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 individuals from 5 families reported, presenting with prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency as well as other features. Three unique missense variants identified, two affecting p.Asp24. These variants are thought to be hypomorphic. Supportive mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.32 | GFRA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GFRA1 were changed from Renal agenesis to Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 4, MIM# 619887 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.31 | GFRA1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GFRA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 4, MIM# 619887; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.29 | USP14 |
Chirag Patel gene: USP14 was added gene: USP14 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: USP14 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: USP14 were set to PMID: 35066879 Phenotypes for gene: USP14 were set to Distal arthrogryposis, corpus callosum anomalies, and dysmorphic features; no OMIM # Review for gene: USP14 was set to RED Added comment: 3 fetuses from 2 different branches of a consanguineous family, presenting with distal arthrogryposis, underdevelopment of the corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facial features. Exome sequencing identified a biallelic 4-bp deletion (c.233_236delTTCC; p.Leu78Glnfs*11) in USP14, and sequencing of family members showed segregation with the phenotype. Ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) encodes a major proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzyme with an established dual role as an inhibitor and an activator of proteolysis, maintaining protein homeostasis. Usp14-deficient mice show a phenotype similar to lethal human multiple congenital contractures phenotypes, with callosal anomalies, muscle wasting, and early lethality, attributed to neuromuscular junction defects due to decreased monomeric ubiquitin pool. RT-qPCR experiment in an unaffected heterozygote revealed that mutant USP14 was expressed, indicating that abnormal transcript escapes nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.25 | ODC1 |
Lucy Spencer gene: ODC1 was added gene: ODC1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ODC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: ODC1 were set to 30475435; 30239107 Phenotypes for gene: ODC1 were set to Bachmann-Bupp syndrome (MIM#619075) Review for gene: ODC1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Polyhydraminos are a common prenatal finding in individuals with ODC1 variants. Malformations of cortical development and intracranial calcification have also been reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.22 | COASY | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: COASY: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35499143; Phenotypes: Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 12, MIM#618266; Mode of inheritance: None; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.19 | CDK10 |
Ain Roesley gene: CDK10 was added gene: CDK10 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CDK10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CDK10 were set to 28886341; 34974531 Phenotypes for gene: CDK10 were set to Al Kaissi syndrome MIM#617694 Review for gene: CDK10 was set to GREEN gene: CDK10 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 6 families reported 1x with IUGR, 1x hydrocephalus and 1x with fetal hydrops, hydrocephalus, multicystic, dysplastic kidneys, lung hypoplasia, cardiomyopathy, retrognathia Small birth weight/sizes reported in all Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.15 | MDFIC |
Belinda Chong gene: MDFIC was added gene: MDFIC was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MDFIC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MDFIC were set to 35235341 Phenotypes for gene: MDFIC were set to Hydrops fetalis MONDO:0015193 Review for gene: MDFIC was set to GREEN Added comment: Central conducting lymphatic anomaly (CCLA), characterized by the dysfunction of core collecting lymphatic vessels including the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli, and presenting as chylothorax, pleural effusions, chylous ascites, and lymphedema, is a severe disorder often resulting in fetal or perinatal demise. Seven individuals with CCLA from six independent families. Clinical manifestations of affected fetuses and children included nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), pleural and pericardial effusions, and lymphedema. Generation of a mouse model of human MDFIC truncation variants revealed that homozygous mutant mice died perinatally exhibiting chylothorax. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.9 | SCAF4 |
Lucy Spencer gene: SCAF4 was added gene: SCAF4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SCAF4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: SCAF4 were set to PMID: 32730804 Phenotypes for gene: SCAF4 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, SCAF4-related MONDO#0700092 Review for gene: SCAF4 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 32730804- 11 individuals with SCAF4 variants, 9 are de novo. Present with mild to severe ID/Dev delay, most have seizures, 4 have cardiac defects, 4 have renal anomalies, 3 have urogenital anomalies, 6 have skeletal anomalies, 2 have GI anomalies. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.7 | UNC80 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: UNC80: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26545877; Phenotypes: Hypotonia, infantile, with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies 2, MIM# 616801, MONDO:0014777; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v1.5 | NAA15 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Typically presents post-natally.; to: Congenital heart defects in 4 of 19 individuals reported with the neurodevelopmental syndrome. PMID 33557580 - WES of 4511 patients with CHD identified 4 subjects with a rare LoF variant (allele frequency <0.00005) in the NAA15 gene, resulting in NAA15 haploinsufficiency. Parental analyses indicated that 3 of these LoF variants (p.Ser761*, p.Lys336Lys fs*6, and p.Arg470*) arose de novo in the probands. The inheritance of the p.Ala718fs variant is uncertain, as parental samples were unavailable. The authors also reference their previous studies identifying 2 other patients with CHD and LoF NAA15 heterozygous variants. |
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| Fetal anomalies v1.4 | NARS |
Krithika Murali gene: NARS was added gene: NARS was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NARS was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NARS were set to 32738225; 32788587 Phenotypes for gene: NARS were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, and gait abnormalities, autosomal recessive - MIM#619091; Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, epilepsy, and gait abnormalities, autosomal dominant - MIM#619092 Review for gene: NARS was set to GREEN Added comment: HGNC approved gene symbol - NARS1 Both mono allelic and biallelic variants associated with a progressive neurological disorder with onset in infancy. Antenatal features reported. PMID 32738225 - reports roband with de novo heterozygous variant - IUGR and oligohydramnios noted prenatally. At birth noted to have low weight and OFC for gestational age. Proband with homozygous variant diagnosed with microcephaly, seizures and FTT in the neonatal period. Proband with compound het variants born with a low weight (-2.38 SD) and height (-3.76 SD) for gestational age. Review of supplementary material table - microcephaly at birth reported in 17 unrelated families. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4717 | CAPN15 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CAPN15 was added gene: CAPN15 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CAPN15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CAPN15 were set to 32885237 Phenotypes for gene: CAPN15 were set to Oculogastrointestinal neurodevelopmental syndrome, MIM# 619318; microphthalmia HP:0000568; coloboma HP:0000589 Review for gene: CAPN15 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 32885237 - Zha et al 2020 - report 5 individuals with microphthalmia and/or coloboma from 4 independent families who, through WES, were identified as carrying homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants in CAPN15 that are predicted to be damanging. the variants segregated with the disease in all 4 families, with parents being unaffected heterozygous carriers. Several individuals had additional phenotypes including growth deficits (2 families), developmental delay (2 families) and hearing loss (2 families). Capn15 knockout mice showed similar severe developmental eye defects, including anophthalmia, microphthalmia and cataract, and diminished growth. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4702 | CCDC28B |
Krithika Murali gene: CCDC28B was added gene: CCDC28B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC28B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CCDC28B were set to 32139166 Phenotypes for gene: CCDC28B were set to Joubert syndrome Review for gene: CCDC28B was set to AMBER Added comment: No new publications since last PanelApp review May 2020 --- PMID: 32139166 - Single family with Joubert syndrome. Patient was homozygous for a missense, with polydactyly, severe ID, and the molar tooth sign observed in MRI. Sibling fetus MRI showed vermis hypoplasia, and was also homozygous for the variant. Parents confirmed unaffected carriers. Knockdown of CCDC28B in human TERT retinal pigment epithelial cells reduced both the number and length of cilia 430C-T variant is postulated to be a modifier of BBS. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4702 | ARL3 |
Krithika Murali gene: ARL3 was added gene: ARL3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ARL3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ARL3 were set to 30269812; 16565502 Phenotypes for gene: ARL3 were set to Joubert syndrome 35- MIM#618161 Review for gene: ARL3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Associated with Joubert syndrome with antenatally detectable features including renal and brain anomalies Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4699 | MINPP1 |
Krithika Murali gene: MINPP1 was added gene: MINPP1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MINPP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MINPP1 were set to 33257696; 33168985 Phenotypes for gene: MINPP1 were set to Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 16 - MIM#619527 Review for gene: MINPP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic LoF variants associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia. Early-onset progressive microcephaly is a phenotypic feature with one affected individual reported to have prenatal evidence of microcephaly associated with increased thalami echogenicity (PMID 33257696) Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4692 | NUP85 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NUP85 was added gene: NUP85 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: NUP85 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NUP85 were set to 34170319 Phenotypes for gene: NUP85 were set to Microcephaly, MONDO:0001149, NUP85-related Review for gene: NUP85 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 34170319 - Ravindran et al 2021 report two pedigrees with an MCPH-SCKS phenotype spectrum without SRNS. In the first family, a 9 yo female, with consanguineous parents, is reported to have a missense variant in NUP85 (c.932G > A; p.R311Q). Intrauterine growth restriction was noticed. At birth microcephaly was observed (OFC < 3rd centile, < −3.6 SD) as well as hypotrophy [weight −2.8 SD), length 45 cm (−2.7 SD), both <3rd centile], facial dysmorphism, syndactyly, long and thin fingers, and bilateral pes adductus. She has severe developmental delay with strongly delayed motor milestones and absent speech. Drug-resistant, genetic epilepsy with focal-onset seizures started in the first year of life. She had no clinical, laboratory or radiological findings indicative of kidney dysfunction. In the second family, compound heterozygous missense variants in NUP85 were detected (c.1109A > G, c.1589 T > C;p.N370S, p.M530T ) in a fetus. MRI of the fetal brain at 24 + 2 GW indicated complete agenesis of the corpus callosum, abnormal sulcation in the left frontal lobe, nodularity of the frontal horn and trigone with focal puckering of the left lateral ventricle. Variants in this gene are also associated with nephrotic syndrome. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4689 | PUS7 |
Belinda Chong gene: PUS7 was added gene: PUS7 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PUS7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PUS7 were set to 30526862; 30778726; 31583274 Phenotypes for gene: PUS7 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with abnormal behavior, microcephaly, and short stature; OMIM #618342 Review for gene: PUS7 was set to RED gene: PUS7 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Onset at infancy 11 patients from 6 families with ID, speech delay, short stature, microcephaly, and aggressive behavior, with homozygous PUS7 mutations, which segregated with disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4686 | PTPN23 |
Belinda Chong gene: PTPN23 was added gene: PTPN23 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPN23 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PTPN23 were set to 31395947; 29899372; 29090338; 27848944; 25558065 Phenotypes for gene: PTPN23 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder and structural brain anomalies with or without seizures and spasticity, MIM# 618890 Review for gene: PTPN23 was set to GREEN gene: PTPN23 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Onset at birth or early infancy. Over 10 families reported with an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterised by global developmental delay apparent from early infancy, poor overall growth often with microcephaly (6/10), impaired intellectual development with delayed or absent speech, axial hypotonia, and peripheral spasticity. Additional common but variable features include early-onset seizures, optic atrophy with poor visual fixation, and dysmorphic facial features. Brain imaging shows cerebral atrophy, poor or absent myelination with loss of white matter volume, and often hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and/or cerebellum. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4686 | PRIM1 |
Belinda Chong gene: PRIM1 was added gene: PRIM1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRIM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PRIM1 were set to 33060134 Phenotypes for gene: PRIM1 were set to Microcephalic primordial dwarfism, MONDO:0017950 Review for gene: PRIM1 was set to AMBER gene: PRIM1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant. Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD). Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinaemia, and lymphopaenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopaenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections. Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4686 | PPP1R15B |
Belinda Chong gene: PPP1R15B was added gene: PPP1R15B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP1R15B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PPP1R15B were set to 26159176; 26307080; 27640355 Phenotypes for gene: PPP1R15B were set to Microcephaly, short stature, and impaired glucose metabolism 2, MIM# 616817 Review for gene: PPP1R15B was set to AMBER gene: PPP1R15B was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Three unrelated families reported, two with the same variant. Phenotype in family reported in PMID 27640355 included infantile cirrhosis requiring transplantation. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4686 | PPIL1 |
Belinda Chong gene: PPIL1 was added gene: PPIL1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPIL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PPIL1 were set to 33220177 Phenotypes for gene: PPIL1 were set to Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 14, MIM# 619301; microcephaly; seizures Review for gene: PPIL1 was set to GREEN gene: PPIL1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: The patients presented at birth with severe microcephaly (-2 to -6 SD), which progressed postnatally (-4 to -8 SD) 17 individuals from 9 unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants in the gene and PCH, microcephaly, hypotonia, seizures, severe DD/ID. Mouse models support gene-disease association. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4686 | HIST1H4C | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: HIST1H4C: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35202563; Phenotypes: Tessadori-van Haaften neurodevelopmental syndrome 1 MIM#619758, Neurodevelopmental disorder, HIST1H4C-related MONDO:0700092; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4658 | NPHP3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NPHP3 were changed from RENAL-HEPATIC-PANCREATIC DYSPLASIA; NEPHRONOPHTHISIS TYPE 3; MECKEL SYNDROME TYPE 7 to Meckel syndrome 7, MIM# 267010; Nephronophthisis 3, MIM# 604387; Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 1, MIM# 208540 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4656 | NPHP3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NPHP3: Changed phenotypes: Meckel syndrome 7, MIM# 267010, Nephronophthisis 3, MIM# 604387, Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 1, MIM# 208540 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4632 | PEX1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PEX1 were changed from PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER COMPLEMENTATION GROUP 1; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY NEONATAL to Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1A (Zellweger) (MIM#214100) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4630 | PEX10 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PEX10 were changed from ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY NEONATAL; PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER COMPLEMENTATION GROUP 7 to Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 6A (Zellweger), MIM# 614870 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4624 | PEX13 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PEX13 were changed from PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER COMPLEMENTATION GROUP 13; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY NEONATAL to Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 11A (Zellweger), MIM# 614883 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4613 | PEX26 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PEX26 were changed from ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER COMPLEMENTATION GROUP 8; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY NEONATAL to Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 7A (Zellweger), MIM# 614872 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4609 | PEX5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PEX5 were changed from ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY NEONATAL to Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 2A (Zellweger), MIM# 214110 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4596 | PGM1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: The most common features include cleft lip and bifid uvula, apparent at birth, followed by hepatopathy, intermittent hypoglycemia, short stature, and exercise intolerance, often accompanied by increased serum creatine kinase. Less common features include rhabdomyolysis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; to: Over 50 individuals reported. The most common features include cleft lip and bifid uvula, apparent at birth, followed by hepatopathy, intermittent hypoglycemia, short stature, and exercise intolerance, often accompanied by increased serum creatine kinase. Less common features include rhabdomyolysis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4596 | PGM1 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: PGM1: The most common features include cleft lip and bifid uvula, apparent at birth, followed by hepatopathy, intermittent hypoglycemia, short stature, and exercise intolerance, often accompanied by increased serum creatine kinase. Less common features include rhabdomyolysis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4588 | PHIP |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Recent large case series describing 20 individuals; variable expressivity, some inherited from mildly affected parents, most de novo. Sources: Expert list; to: Recent large case series describing 20 individuals; variable expressivity, some inherited from mildly affected parents, most de novo. ID, dysmorphism and obesity are the key features. Clinical presentation is typically post-natal. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4554 | PLK1 |
Belinda Chong gene: PLK1 was added gene: PLK1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLK1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PLK1 were set to 33875846 Phenotypes for gene: PLK1 were set to Epilepsy; microcephaly; intellectual disability Review for gene: PLK1 was set to AMBER gene: PLK1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Five individuals reported with microcephaly. However, unclear if microcephaly is pre or post natal. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4553 | POGZ |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: White-Sutton syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development apparent in infancy and a characteristic constellation of dysmorphic facial features. Additional features may include hypotonia, sensorineural hearing impairment, visual defects, joint laxity, and gastrointestinal difficulties, such as poor feeding. More than 40 individuals reported.; to: White-Sutton syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development apparent in infancy and a characteristic constellation of dysmorphic facial features. Additional features may include hypotonia, sensorineural hearing impairment, visual defects, joint laxity, and gastrointestinal difficulties, such as poor feeding. More than 40 individuals reported. Microcephaly is a feature, congenital heart disease rarely reported. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4546 | PIGH |
Belinda Chong gene: PIGH was added gene: PIGH was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGH was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIGH were set to 29573052; 33156547; 29603516 Phenotypes for gene: PIGH were set to Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 17, MIM# 618010 Review for gene: PIGH was set to AMBER gene: PIGH was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Microcephaly appears to present at postnatal in these individuals. Three further families reported, including two sibs with microcephaly. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4546 | PHC1 |
Belinda Chong gene: PHC1 was added gene: PHC1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PHC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PHC1 were set to 23418308 Phenotypes for gene: PHC1 were set to Microcephaly 11, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM#615414 Review for gene: PHC1 was set to RED gene: PHC1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Short stature and microcephaly, currently not enough information. Single family reported with functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4532 | PDCD6IP |
Belinda Chong gene: PDCD6IP was added gene: PDCD6IP was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PDCD6IP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PDCD6IP were set to 32286682 Phenotypes for gene: PDCD6IP were set to Primary microcephaly Review for gene: PDCD6IP was set to AMBER gene: PDCD6IP was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Primary microcephaly was noticed at birth and their occipital-frontal circumference (OFC) was ≤−2 standard deviations (SD), may be relevant for this panel however, currently not enough information. One consanguineous family with 2 affected sibs with primary microcephaly (-4SD), intellectual disability and short stature (-5/6SD), and homozygous frameshift variant in PDCD6IP. The homozygous variant was confirmed in both affected sibs, while the four healthy siblings and parents were heterozygous. The clinical features observed in the patients were similar to the phenotypes observed in mouse and zebrafish models of PDCD6IP mutations in previous studies. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4532 | PCYT2 |
Belinda Chong gene: PCYT2 was added gene: PCYT2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PCYT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PCYT2 were set to 31637422 Phenotypes for gene: PCYT2 were set to Spastic paraplegia 82, autosomal recessive MIM#618770 Review for gene: PCYT2 was set to RED gene: PCYT2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Brain imaging shows progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy however, normal initially. 5 individuals from 4 families reported with progressive neurologic disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy, significant motor impairment, and progressive spasticity mainly affecting the lower limbs. Some never achieved walking, whereas others lost the ability to walk or walk with an unsteady gait. Additional features included variably impaired intellectual development with language difficulties, ocular anomalies, such as nystagmus and visual impairment, and seizures. Brain imaging shows progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, as well as white matter hyperintensities. Overall poor growth, but only one individual reported with microcephaly -3SD, and head size appears relatively spared against other reported growth parameters. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4532 | PCDH12 |
Belinda Chong gene: PCDH12 was added gene: PCDH12 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PCDH12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PCDH12 were set to 27164683; 30178464 Phenotypes for gene: PCDH12 were set to Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia syndrome 1, MIM# 251280 Review for gene: PCDH12 was set to GREEN gene: PCDH12 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Brain malformations were detectable antenatally. Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia syndrome-1 (DMJDS1) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by progressive microcephaly, severely delayed or even absent psychomotor development with profound intellectual disability, and spasticity or dystonia. Some patients may have seizures and/or visual impairment. Brain imaging shows a characteristic developmental malformation of the midbrain; subtle intracranial calcifications may also be present. At least 12 families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4532 | PARP6 |
Belinda Chong gene: PARP6 was added gene: PARP6 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PARP6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PARP6 were set to 34067418 Phenotypes for gene: PARP6 were set to Intellectual disability; Epilepsy; Microcephaly Review for gene: PARP6 was set to GREEN gene: PARP6 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: IUGR and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum has been observed. Four unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene and a neurodevelopmental phenotype. Supportive functional data. One pair of siblings with a homozygous missense: limited evidence for bi-allelic variants causing disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4519 | PQBP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PQBP1 were changed from RENPENNING S(YNDROME 1 to Renpenning syndrome, MIM#309500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4515 | PRKAR1A | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Multiple phenotypes associated with this gene, but this particular OMIM condition has ID as part of the phenotype.; to: Multiple phenotypes associated with this gene, but this particular OMIM condition has prenatal growth retardation as part of the phenotype. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4513 | PRKD1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PRKD1: Added comment: PMID: 27479907 (2016): three individuals reported, two with the c.1774G>A variant and one with the c.896T>G variant. All had congenital heart disease, two had some developmental delay, and two had variable features of ectodermal dysplasia, including sparse hair, dry skin, thin skin, fragile nails, premature loss of primary teeth, and small widely spaced teeth; the third individuals had a 'disorganized eyebrow.' PMID: 32817298 (2020) - Two additional unrelated cases with de novo variants, c.1774G>C and c.1808G>A, and telangiectasia, ectodermal dysplasia, brachydactyly and congenital heart disease. Functional analysis using in vitro kinase assays with recombinant proteins showed that the c.1808G>A, p.(Arg603His) variant represents a gain-of-function mutation encoding an enzyme with a constitutive, lipid-independent catalytic activity. The c.1774G>C, p.(Gly592Arg) variant in contrast shows a defect in substrate phosphorylation representing a loss-of-function mutation. c.1774G>C, p.(Gly592Arg) is recurrent, reported in 3/5 individuals.; Changed publications: 27479907, 32817298; Changed phenotypes: Congenital heart defects and ectodermal dysplasia, MIM#617364; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4478 | MCM7 |
Krithika Murali gene: MCM7 was added gene: MCM7 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MCM7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MCM7 were set to 33654309; 34059554 Phenotypes for gene: MCM7 were set to Meier-Gorlin syndrome; Microcephaly; Intellectual disability; Lipodystrophy; Adrenal insufficiency Review for gene: MCM7 was set to AMBER Added comment: Association with congenital microcephaly. No new publications since last PanelApp review --- MCM7 is a component of the MCM complex, a DNA helicase which is essential for DNA replication. Other components have been linked to disease with phenotypes including microcephaly and ID. MCM7 is not associated with any phenotype in OMIM or G2P at present. ------ Currently there are 3 unrelated pedigrees in literature with different biallelic MCM7 variants associated with disease (see below). Although there is some functional data in support of variant-level deleteriousness or gene-level pathogenicity, the clinical gestalt is very different between the 3 families. - PMID: 33654309 (2021) - Two unrelated individuals with different compound het variants in MCM7 but disparate clinical features. One patient had typical Meier-Gorlin syndrome (including growth retardation, microcephaly, congenital lung emphysema, absent breast development, microtia, facial dysmorphism) whereas the second case had a multi-system disorder with neonatal progeroid appearance, lipodystrophy and adrenal insufficiency. While small at birth, the second patient did not demonstrate reduced stature or microcephaly at age 14.5 years. Both individuals had normal neurodevelopment. Functional studies using patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrate that the identified MCM7 variants were deleterious at either transcript or protein levels and through interfering with MCM complex formation, impact efficiency of S phase progression. - PMID: 34059554 (2021) - Homozygous missense variant identified in three affected individuals from a consanguineous family with severe primary microcephaly, severe ID and behavioural abnormalities. Knockdown of Mcm7 in mouse neuroblastoma cells lead to reduced cell viability and proliferation with increased apoptosis, which were rescued by overexpression of wild-type but not mutant MCM7. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4463 | RET | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RET were changed from RENAL AGENESIS; MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA IIB to Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, MIM#209880; Multiple endocrine neoplasia IIA, MIM#171400; Multiple endocrine neoplasia IIB, MIM#162300 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4418 | SALL4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SALL4 were changed from ACRO-RENAL-OCULAR SYNDROME; DUANE-RADIAL RAY SYNDROME to Duane-radial ray syndrome, MIM# 607323; MONDO:0011812; IVIC syndrome, MIM# 147750; MONDO:0007836 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4411 | SBDS | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Some cognitive involvement but ID rare, see reference.; to: Multiple skeletal abnormalities. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4404 | TBC1D7 |
Krithika Murali gene: TBC1D7 was added gene: TBC1D7 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TBC1D7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TBC1D7 were set to 23687350; 24515783 Phenotypes for gene: TBC1D7 were set to Macrocephaly/megalencephaly syndrome, autosomal recessive - MIM#248000 Review for gene: TBC1D7 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 24515783 report 2 siblings with biallelic variants. One noted to be macrosomic at birth and parents reported macrocephaly. PMID: 23687350 report 2 affected siblings. One was noted to be macrocephalic at birth. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4404 | STT3A |
Krithika Murali gene: STT3A was added gene: STT3A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: STT3A was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: STT3A were set to 34653363; 23842455; 30701557; 28424003 Phenotypes for gene: STT3A were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iw, autosomal dominant - MIM#619714; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iw, autosomal recessive - MIM#615596 Review for gene: STT3A was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic variants associated with an earlier onset of symptoms. PMID: 23842455 report IUGR in one infant. PMID: 28424003 - report 5 affected individuals from one family, birth growth parameters of 4/5 individuals suggestive of growth restriction/relative microcephaly. --- ID/DD reported in all cases (at least 7 individuals from 3 unrelated families, with 2 different homozygous variants in STT3A) PMID: 34653363 - 16 patients from 9 families with new AD mode of inheritance (both de novo and inherited). All variants were missense within/around acritical active/catalytic sites. Patients aged 3-55yo, with children noted to be "healthy" until reaching young adulthood Clinical features include dysmorphic features, macrocephaly (6/16), mild-moderate ID/DD (10/16), short stature (8/16), skeletal abnormalities (10/16), muscle cramps (7/16). Functional studies verifies AR disease is caused by LOF variants, whereas the AD variants cause DN proven by cotransfection in WT yeast resulting in impaired glycosylation (protein levels unchanged). Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4404 | RHEB |
Krithika Murali gene: RHEB was added gene: RHEB was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RHEB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RHEB were set to 29051493; 31337748 Phenotypes for gene: RHEB were set to Intellectual disability; Macrocephaly; Focal cortical dysplasia Review for gene: RHEB was set to GREEN Added comment: No new publications since last PanelApp review. Reviewed PMID: 29051493 supplementary information - three individuals with short stature and macrocephaly. Limited antenatal information provided/birth HC parameters, but one of the affected individuals was noted to have a large head circumference from 20 weeks gestation. PMID 31337748: Somatic variant in this gene found in one individual with focal cortical dysplasia. --- 3 individuals from two families with heterozygous RHEB variants. Two siblings carried the c.110 C > T (p.Pro37Leu) variant, and a sporadic individual carried the c.202 T>C (p.Ser68Pro) allele. All 3 individuals had short stature (−2 to −3 SD) and early brain overgrowth with pronounced macrocephaly during childhood (+2.5/+3 SD). They had severe to profound ID with hypotonia, as well as autism spectrum disorder. 2 of 3 individuals were reported to have epilepsy. In a zebrafish model, overexpression of RHEB produced megalencephaly, supporting a hyperactivating effect. This is supported in mice where loss of RHEB activity does not cause an overt neurological phenotype Single individual with somatic variants in this gene and focal cortical dysplasia also reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4392 | PPP2R5C |
Krithika Murali gene: PPP2R5C was added gene: PPP2R5C was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP2R5C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PPP2R5C were set to 25972378 Phenotypes for gene: PPP2R5C were set to macrocephaly; overgrowth Review for gene: PPP2R5C was set to AMBER Added comment: x1 case only in the literature with relative macrocephaly noted at birth. PMID: 25972378 - Loveday et al 2015 undertook trio exome sequencing in children with an overgrowth syndrome phenotype with unaffected parents. One individual with a de novo PPP2R5C c.468_470delAAC p.Thr157del variant identified. The proband had moderate ID, was born at 37 weeks gestation weighing 3100g (0.8SD) with a head circumference of 36cm (2.4SD). Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4391 | SIL1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SIL1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome (MIM#248800); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4355 | SMO |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SMO: Added comment: Bi-allelic loss-of-function variations in SMO reported in seven individuals from five independent families. Wide phenotypic spectrum of developmental anomalies affecting the brain (hypothalamic hamartoma and microcephaly), heart (atrioventricular septal defect), skeleton (postaxial polydactyly, narrow chest, and shortening of long bones), and enteric nervous system (aganglionosis). Somatic recurrent missense variant, L412F causes Curry-Jones syndrome.; Changed publications: 32413283, 27236920; Changed phenotypes: Microcephaly, congenital heart disease, polydactyly, aganglionosis, Pallister-Hall-like syndrome, MIM# 241800; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4311 | VPS4A |
Chirag Patel gene: VPS4A was added gene: VPS4A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS4A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: VPS4A were set to PMID: 33186543; 33186545 Phenotypes for gene: VPS4A were set to CIMDAG syndrome MIM# 619273 Review for gene: VPS4A was set to GREEN Added comment: CIMDAG syndrome is a multisystemic disorder characterized by severely impaired psychomotor development and hematologic abnormalities apparent from early infancy. Affected individuals show poor overall growth with microcephaly, impaired intellectual development, poor or absent speech, poor eye contact, and motor problems, such as inability to walk, hypotonia, and spasticity. Brain imaging typically shows cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, thin corpus callosum, and delayed myelination. The associated hematologic abnormalities are variable, but are mostly consistent with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. Eight unrelated patients with de novo heterozygous missense mutations in the VPS4A gene. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4294 | NFIB |
Krithika Murali gene: NFIB was added gene: NFIB was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NFIB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NFIB were set to 30388402; 33130023; 32902921 Phenotypes for gene: NFIB were set to Macrocephaly, acquired, with impaired intellectual development - MIM#618286 Review for gene: NFIB was set to GREEN Added comment: NFIB haploinsufficiency associated with syndromic ID. Macrocephaly and corpus callosum anomalies are recurrent phenotypic features. OMIM notes macrocephaly postnatal in onset, but review of published cases shows some instances of relative macrocephaly at birth. Also corpus callosal anomalies - agenesis and dysgenesis, noted on MRI-B in childhood but possibility of detecting this antenatally in future cases. 2 unrelated individuals reported with minor cardiac anomalies also. --- OMIM notes macrocephaly postnatal in onset. PMID: 30388402 - 18 individuals reported, of whom 11 had deletions of this gene and the rest had SNVs. Relative macrocephaly noted based on growth parameters in 4 individuals (e.g. x1 male with BW 22nd centile and HC 99th centile in an apparently uncomplicated pregnancy) - macrocephaly became more pronounced with age. In addition, 2 individuals had congenital cardiac anomalies (x1 small VSD and x1 narrow pulmonary artery) and 2 individuals had complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. 33130023 - Report one affected individual. Birth weight was 4.13 kg (Z-score 1.50, 93rd percentile), length was 52 cm (Z-score 1.12, 87th percentile) and his head circumference was 37 cm (Z-score 2.00, 98th percentile). MRI-B at 12 months confirmed agenesis of the corpus callosum 32902921 - report one patient with normal antenatal history, no birth HC provided, macrocephaly noted at 7 months. MRI-B showed mild dysgensis of the corpus callosum age 5. 2nd unrelated patient's birth weight 3.43 kg(57th centile,Zscore 0.17), length 52.8 cm (94th centile, Zscore1.54), and OFC 37.5 cm (99th centile,Zscore 2.39). MRI-B age 5 showed dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4293 | YRDC |
Chirag Patel gene: YRDC was added gene: YRDC was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: YRDC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: YRDC were set to PMID: 31481669, 34545459 Phenotypes for gene: YRDC were set to Galloway-Mowat syndrome 10, OMIM # 619609 Review for gene: YRDC was set to GREEN Added comment: Galloway-Mowat syndrome-10 (GAMOS10) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by onset of symptoms soon after birth. Affected individuals have progressive renal dysfunction with proteinuria associated with diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) on renal biopsy. Other features include global developmental delay, microcephaly, hypothyroidism, arachnodactyly, and dysmorphic facial features. Some patients may have seizures or abnormalities on brain imaging. All reported patients have died in infancy. 4 individuals from 3 unrelated families with typical features of Galloway-Mowat syndrome including proteinuria, microcephaly, developmental delay and brain malformations. Supportive functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4291 | ZNF526 |
Chirag Patel gene: ZNF526 was added gene: ZNF526 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF526 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZNF526 were set to PMID: 33397746, 21937992, 25558065, Phenotypes for gene: ZNF526 were set to Intellectual disability; Microcephaly; Cataracts; Epilepsy; Hypertonia; Dystonia Review for gene: ZNF526 was set to GREEN Added comment: - PMID: 21937992 (2011) - Two unrelated families (with 4 affected individuals in each) with non-syndromic ID (mild or moderate, respectively) identified harbouring different biallelic missense variants in the ZNF526 gene. - PMID: 25558065 (2015) - One family with ID, Noonan-like facies, pulmonary stenosis and a homozygous missense variant in this gene. No further details provided. - PMID: 33397746 (2021) - Five individuals from four unrelated families with homozygous ZNF526 variants. Four harboured truncating variants, and were all affected by profound DD and severe ID, severe pre/postnatal microcephaly (ranging from -4 SD to -8 SD), bilateral progressive cataracts, hypertonic-dystonic movements, epilepsy and brain MRI anomalies. The fifth patient had a homozygous missense variant and a slightly less severe disorder, with postnatal microcephaly (-2 SD), progressive bilateral cataracts, severe ID, and normal brain MRI. Zebrafish model demonstrated brain and eye malformations resembling findings seen in the human holoprosencephaly spectrum Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4290 | PIDD1 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: PIDD1 was added gene: PIDD1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PIDD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIDD1 were set to 28397838; 29302074; 33414379; 34163010 Phenotypes for gene: PIDD1 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Autism; Behavioral abnormality; Psychosis; Pachygyria; Lissencephaly; Abnormality of the corpus callosum Review for gene: PIDD1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Doesn't appear to have an antenatal onset. Clinical findings in supplementary table for PMID: 34163010 doesn't mention any prenatal findings. For family M278, two affected siblings were "born at term after uneventful pregnancies, neonatal periods and normal development." Mean age of cohort was 13.2 years. Biallelic PIDD1 pathogenic variants have been reported in 26 individuals (11 families) with DD (all), variable degrees of ID (mild to severe), behavioral (eg. aggression/self-mutilation in several, ADHD) and/or psychiatric abnormalities (ASD, psychosis in 5 belonging to 3 families), well-controlled epilepsy is some (9 subjects from 6 families) and MRI abnormalities notably abnormal gyration pattern (pachygyria with predominant anterior gradient) as well as corpus callosum anomalies (commonly thinning) in several. Dysmorphic features have been reported in almost all, although there has been no specific feature suggested. The first reports on the phenotype associated with biallelic PIDD1 mutations were made by Harripaul et al (2018 - PMID: 28397838) and Hu et al (2019 - PMID: 29302074) [both studies investigating large cohorts of individuals with ID from consanguineous families]. Sheikh et al (2021 - PMID: 33414379) provided details on the phenotype of 15 individuals from 5 families including those from the previous 2 reports and studied provided evidence on the role of PIDD1 and the effect of variants. Zaki et al (2021 - PMID: 34163010) reported 11 additional individuals from 6 consanguineous families, summarize the features of all subjects published in the literature and review the neuroradiological features of the disorder. PIDD1 encodes p53-induced death domain protein 1. The protein is part of the PIDDosome, a multiprotein complex also composed of the bipartite linker protein CRADD (also known as RAIDD) and the proform of caspase-2 and induces apoptosis in response to DNA damage. There are 5 potential PIDD1 mRNA transcript variants with NM_145886.4 corresponding to the longest. Similar to the protein encoded by CRADD, PIDD1 contains a death domain (DD - aa 774-893). Constitutive post-translational processing gives PIDD1-N, PIDD1-C the latter further processed into PIDD1-CC (by auto-cleavage). Serine residues at pos. 446 and 588 are involved in this autoprocessing generating PIDD1-C (aa 446-910) and PIDD1-CC (aa 774-893). The latter is needed for caspase-2 activation. Most (if not all) individuals belonged to consanguineous families of different origins and harbored pLoF or missense variants. Variants reported so far include : c.2587C>T; p.Gln863* / c.1909C>T ; p.Arg637* / c.2443C>T / p.Arg815Trp / c.2275-1G>A which upon trap assay was shown to lead to skipping of ex15 with direct splicing form exon14 to the terminal exon 16 (resulting to p.Arg759Glyfs*1 with exlcusion of the entire DD) / c.2584C>T; p.Arg862Trp / c.1340G>A; p.Trp447* / c.2116_2120del; p.Val706His*, c.1564_1565del; p.Gly602fs*26 Evidence so far provided includes: - Biallelic CRADD variants cause a NDD disorder and a highly similar gyration pattern. - Confirmation of splicing effect (eg. for c.2275-1G>A premature stop in position 760) or poor expression (NM_145886.3:c.2587C>T; p.Gln863*). Arg815Trp did not affect autoprocessing or protein stability. - Abnormal localization pattern, loss of interaction with CRADD and failure to activate caspase-2 (MDM2 cleavage assay) [p.Gln863* and Arg815Trp] - Available expression data from GTEx (PIDD1 having broad expression in multiple tissues, but higher in brain cerebellum) as well as BrainSpan and PsychEncode studies suggesting high coexpression of PIDD1, CRADD and CASP2 in many regions in the developing human brain. - Variants in other genes encoding proteins interacting with PIDD1 (MADD, FADD, DNAJ, etc) are associated with NDD. Pidd-1 ko mice (ex3-15 removal) lack however CNS-related phenotypes. These show decreased anxiety but no motor anomalies. This has also been the case with Cradd-/- mice displaying no significant CNS phenotypes without lamination defects. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4289 | ZNF668 |
Chirag Patel gene: ZNF668 was added gene: ZNF668 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF668 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZNF668 were set to PMID: 34313816, 26633546 Phenotypes for gene: ZNF668 were set to DNA damage repair defect; microcephaly; growth deficiency; severe global developmental delay; brain malformation; facial dysmorphism Review for gene: ZNF668 was set to AMBER Added comment: 2 consanguineous families reported with different biallelic truncating (not NMD) variants in ZNF668. Phenotypes included microcephaly, growth deficiency, severe global developmental delay, brain malformation, and distinct facial dysmorphism. Immunofluorescence indicated ZNF668 deficiency. An increased DNA damage phenotype was demonstrated in patient fibroblasts. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | GTPBP2 |
Ain Roesley gene: GTPBP2 was added gene: GTPBP2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GTPBP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GTPBP2 were set to 26675814; 29449720; 30790272 Phenotypes for gene: GTPBP2 were set to Jaberi-Elahi syndrome MIM#617988 Review for gene: GTPBP2 was set to GREEN gene: GTPBP2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Nine individuals from six unrelated families microcephaly noted but measurements at birth not provided. 1x weight 5th percentile and OFC 25-50 percentile scoliosis consistently reported Other features include clenched hands, talipes, abnormal brain imaging, pectus excavatum Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | MAN2C1 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: MAN2C1 was added gene: MAN2C1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MAN2C1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MAN2C1 were set to 35045343 Phenotypes for gene: MAN2C1 were set to MAN2C1-related neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: MAN2C1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Six individuals from four different families, including two fetuses, exhibiting dysmorphic facial features, congenital anomalies such as tongue hamartoma, variable degrees of intellectual disability, and brain anomalies including polymicrogyria, interhemispheric cysts, hypothalamic hamartoma, callosal anomalies, and hypoplasia of brainstem and cerebellar vermis. Variants include PTC and missense. *3 unrelated individuals presented polymicrogyria Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | GRM7 |
Ain Roesley gene: GRM7 was added gene: GRM7 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GRM7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GRM7 were set to 32286009; 32248644 Phenotypes for gene: GRM7 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, hypotonia, and brain abnormalities MIM#618922 Review for gene: GRM7 was set to GREEN gene: GRM7 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: progressive/post-natal microcephaly consistently reported 6 families with 11 affecteds 5 of the pregnancies were complicated by polyhydramnios/decreased fetal movements Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | ERMARD |
Daniel Flanagan gene: ERMARD was added gene: ERMARD was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ERMARD was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ERMARD were set to 27087860; 24056535 Phenotypes for gene: ERMARD were set to Periventricular nodular heterotopia 6 (MIM#615544) Review for gene: ERMARD was set to RED Added comment: Single individual described with heterozygous ERMARD missense and periventricular nodular heterotopia, developmental delay and epilepsy. PMID: 27087860. Fetus was diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound with symmetric bilateral ventriculomegaly. The fetus carried a 0.78-Mb deletion of chromosomal region 6q27 (ERMARD included). Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | GPT2 |
Ain Roesley gene: GPT2 was added gene: GPT2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GPT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GPT2 were set to 25758935; 27601654; 28130718; 29226631; 29882329; 31471722 Phenotypes for gene: GPT2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and spastic paraplegia MIM#616281 Review for gene: GPT2 was set to RED gene: GPT2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: post-natal microcephaly of note; 1x family where fisting was observed in a 4 yr old 1x adducted thumbs and scoliosis a handful had reduced white matter volume and/or thin corpus callosum Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | GON7 |
Ain Roesley gene: GON7 was added gene: GON7 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GON7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GON7 were set to 31481669 Phenotypes for gene: GON7 were set to Galloway-Mowat syndrome 9, MIM# 619603 Review for gene: GON7 was set to GREEN gene: GON7 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 11 individuals from 5 families. Four of the families had the same homozygous variant, shared haplotype suggestive of founder effect. post-natal microcephaly and brain malformations such as cerebellar atrophy, atrophic/thin corpus callosum. Cranial imaging done as young as 6 months. Maybe detectable antenatally Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | GOLGA2 |
Ain Roesley gene: GOLGA2 was added gene: GOLGA2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GOLGA2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GOLGA2 were set to 34424553; 26742501; 30237576 Review for gene: GOLGA2 was set to GREEN gene: GOLGA2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 3x unrelated families 1x noted with a smaller head at birth head circumference 32.5 cm (7th percentile). weight 3.22 kg (37th percentile), length 49.5 cm (53rd percentile) Nonspecific cerebral volume loss / cortical atrophy with delayed myelination and thin corpus callosum reported in all post-natally. Maybe detectable antenatally Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | APC2 | Belinda Chong commented on gene: APC2: Youngest affected was 3 months however, 31585108 indicated All affected children were born full term without any complications during pregnancy and delivery. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | HEXA |
Krithika Murali gene: HEXA was added gene: HEXA was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HEXA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: HEXA were set to Tay-Sachs disease - MIM#272800 Review for gene: HEXA was set to RED Added comment: Associated features not reported prenatally or at birth. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | FOXR1 |
Ain Roesley gene: FOXR1 was added gene: FOXR1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXR1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FOXR1 were set to 34723967 Phenotypes for gene: FOXR1 were set to Postnatal microcephaly, progressive brain atrophy and global developmental delay Review for gene: FOXR1 was set to AMBER gene: FOXR1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 1 individual with functional studies done for the specific variant post-natal microcephaly with progressive brain atrophy from 1 yr onwards Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | FDXR |
Ain Roesley gene: FDXR was added gene: FDXR was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FDXR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FDXR were set to 30250212; 28965846 Phenotypes for gene: FDXR were set to Auditory neuropathy and optic atrophy, MIM# 617717 Review for gene: FDXR was set to RED gene: FDXR was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Bi-allelic variants in FDXR cause an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterised by onset of visual and hearing impairment in the first or second decades. Two individuals described with a more severe phenotype, including one with microcephaly. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | CDK5 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: CDK5 was added gene: CDK5 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CDK5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CDK5 were set to 25560765 Phenotypes for gene: CDK5 were set to Lissencephaly 7 with cerebellar hypoplasia (MIM#616342) Review for gene: CDK5 was set to RED Added comment: Single consanguineous family with multiple affected individuals reported, lissencephaly prominent. Head circumference at the low-normal range (5th–25th percentile). Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | EXOC7 |
Ain Roesley gene: EXOC7 was added gene: EXOC7 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOC7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: EXOC7 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and brain atrophy MIM#619072 Review for gene: EXOC7 was set to GREEN gene: EXOC7 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 4 families with 8 affected individuals with brain atrophy, seizures, and developmental delay, and in more severe cases microcephaly and infantile death. Four novel homozygous or comp.heterozygous variants found in EXOC7, which segregated with disease in the families. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | DYNC1I2 |
Ain Roesley gene: DYNC1I2 was added gene: DYNC1I2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DYNC1I2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DYNC1I2 were set to 31079899 Phenotypes for gene: DYNC1I2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and structural brain anomalies , MIM#618492 Review for gene: DYNC1I2 was set to GREEN gene: DYNC1I2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 5 affecteds from 3 families 1x microcephaly at birth and head ultrasound at 2 months detected absent corpus callosum. Furthermore, abrain MRI revealed the absence of the rostrum and genu ofthe corpus callosum and partial absence of the splenium,as well as absence of the septum pellucidum and megacisterna magna. 1x microcephaly at birth (-2 SD). Brain MRI at 3 months of age re-vealed a hypoplastic corpus callosum, prominent ventri-cles, reduced white matter volume, and simplified gyralpattern Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | FIBP |
Krithika Murali gene: FIBP was added gene: FIBP was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FIBP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FIBP were set to 27183861; 26660953 Phenotypes for gene: FIBP were set to Thauvin-Robinet-Faivre syndrome - MIM#617107 Review for gene: FIBP was set to AMBER Added comment: Thauvin-Robinet-Faivre syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized overgrowth, mainly of height, and mildly delayed psychomotor development with mild or severe learning difficulties. More variable features may include congenital heart defects, kidney abnormalities, and skeletal defects. Patients may have an increased risk for Wilms tumor. 2 unrelated families reported. 27183861 - report one family with 3 affected children. Prenatally relevant phenotypic features include: - congenital heart disease in one child - preterm delivery and bilateral talipes equinovarus 2nd child - cystic kidney disease, nephromegaly and polyhydramnios 3rd child 26660953 - report one child with ventricular septal defect, mitral valve prolapse, renal malrotation with left bifid ureter, macrocephaly and macrosomia noted at birth. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | CTNNA2 |
Ain Roesley gene: CTNNA2 was added gene: CTNNA2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CTNNA2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CTNNA2 were set to 30013181 Phenotypes for gene: CTNNA2 were set to Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 9, MIM#618174 Review for gene: CTNNA2 was set to GREEN gene: CTNNA2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: acquired microcephaly. Pachygyria is also a feature, which can be detectable in a prenatal MRI, though none of the reports thus far were diagnosed antenatally 3 families with 7 affecteds Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4273 | DICER1 |
Krithika Murali gene: DICER1 was added gene: DICER1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DICER1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DICER1 were set to 27960159; 29343557; 26227654; 33208384; 35114704; 31232238; 24676357 Phenotypes for gene: DICER1 were set to GLOW syndrome, somatic mosaic - MIM#618272; Goiter, multinodular 1, with or without Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors - MIM#138800; Pleuropulmonary blastoma - MIM#601200 Review for gene: DICER1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Heterozygous pathogenic germline DICER1 variants are associated with pleuropulmonary blastoma, multinodular goiter, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and other tumour types, while mosaic somatic missense DICER1 variants in the RNase IIIb domain are linked to GLOW syndrome (global developmental delay, lung cysts, overgrowth, and Wilms’ tumor) syndrome. While the DICER1 syndrome is classically caused by frameshift, nonsense or other mutations that ablate DICER1 function in a true heterozygous state, GLOW-syndrome mutations occur at specific residues within the RNase IIIb domain that only affect the function of this domain. Both syndromes have been reported to have features that can be detected prenatally. PMID 33208384 - report a patient with heterozygous germline DICER1 variant. The patient was born at gestational week 39 after a difficult delivery due to macrocephaly. Clinical findings at birth included two blood vessels in the umbilical cord, undescended testis, inguinal hernia, postaxial polydactyly, ear pits and rocker bottom feet. PMID: 34331184 - report 4 unrelated families with germline DICER1 variants. In family 1 - one child was born with Pierre Robin sequence, shortening of the left arm and leg and bilateral hip dysplasia. In Family 2 a child had macrosomia and macrocephaly at birth. Family 4 - born at 33 weeks, dysmorphic facies including hypertelorism and macroglossia. PMID 24676357 - report 2 unrelated children with GLOW syndrome. Patient 1 was noted to have enlarged kidneys on 24 week ultrasound. At birth was found to have renal and pulmonary cysts. Patient 2 - macrocephaly was noted at birth. DICER1 implicated in ~60% of PPB - reports of PPB detecteed antenatally, although no reports in the context of confirmed DICER1 syndrome. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4271 | COLGALT1 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: COLGALT1: 3 unrelated cases with biallelic variants, and supporting functional assays. The main features of the cases were porencephalic cysts, leukoencephalopathy, lacunar infarcts, cerebral microbleeds/haemorrhages and calcifications. A null mouse model was embryonic lethal, but had defects in the vascular networks of the embryos. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4266 | COPB2 |
Ain Roesley gene: COPB2 was added gene: COPB2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: COPB2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COPB2 were set to 29036432; 34450031 Phenotypes for gene: COPB2 were set to Microcephaly 19, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 617800 Review for gene: COPB2 was set to RED gene: COPB2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: IUGR or small at birth (including microcephaly) not noted for any of the probands. Fractures and osteopenia were not detected antenatally. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4266 | ARF1 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: ARF1 was added gene: ARF1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ARF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ARF1 were set to 28868155; 34353862 Phenotypes for gene: ARF1 were set to Periventricular nodular heterotopia 8 (MIM#618185) Review for gene: ARF1 was set to RED Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with de novo missense in this gene. PMID: 34353862: Additional report of affected parent and child. 1 patient had microcephaly in teens but normal head circumference at first examination. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4266 | ATXN2L |
Krithika Murali gene: ATXN2L was added gene: ATXN2L was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATXN2L was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ATXN2L were set to 33283965; 33057194 Phenotypes for gene: ATXN2L were set to macrocephaly; intellectual disability Review for gene: ATXN2L was set to AMBER Added comment: Combined data from three large exome groups identified several de novo variants, including frameshift and missense, in ATXN2L in patients with developmental delay (Kaplanis et al., 2020). pLI=1.0 33283965 - Single case report of a novel de novo missense variant in a child with macrocephaly and developmental delay. No functional work. Macrocephaly was detected prenatally. This together with breech presentation resulted in elective C-section at 36 weeks. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4266 | COPB1 |
Ain Roesley gene: COPB1 was added gene: COPB1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: COPB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: COPB1 were set to Baralle-Macken syndrome, MIM# 619255; Severe intellectual disability; variable microcephaly; cataracts Review for gene: COPB1 was set to RED gene: COPB1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Two unrelated families, some supportive functional data. Microcephaly is not a consistent feature in the families reported to date. Cataracts were also post-natal Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4266 | CHKA |
Ain Roesley gene: CHKA was added gene: CHKA was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CHKA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CHKA were set to 35202461 Phenotypes for gene: CHKA were set to neurodevelopmental disorder, CHKA-related MONDO#0700092 Review for gene: CHKA was set to RED gene: CHKA was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: post-natal microcephaly and short stature. Symptoms which were present within the first few months post birth include developmental delay and seizures Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4266 | CENPE |
Ain Roesley gene: CENPE was added gene: CENPE was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CENPE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CENPE were set to 24748105; 30086807 Phenotypes for gene: CENPE were set to Microcephaly 13, primary, autosomal recessive (MIM#616051) Review for gene: CENPE was set to RED gene: CENPE was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 24748105; - 2 siblings from non-consanguineous family of European descent - patient A: at birth, OFC of -5SD which progressed to -9SD at 5 years of age - patient B: no measurement at birth but OFC was -7SD at 3 years of age - cHet for 2 missense *no new reports since. A review of AR primary microcephaly in 2018 still states just 1 family (PMID: 30086807) Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4266 | CDK6 |
Ain Roesley gene: CDK6 was added gene: CDK6 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CDK6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CDK6 were set to 23918663 Phenotypes for gene: CDK6 were set to Microcephaly 12, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM#616080 Review for gene: CDK6 was set to AMBER gene: CDK6 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 1x 8-generational family with 10 affecteds unclear of microcephaly was present at birth or acquired Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4266 | CCDC88A |
Ain Roesley gene: CCDC88A was added gene: CCDC88A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC88A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CCDC88A were set to 30392057; 26917597 Phenotypes for gene: CCDC88A were set to PEHO syndrome-like (MIM#617507) Review for gene: CCDC88A was set to AMBER gene: CCDC88A was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 26917597; 1x family with 3 affecteds microcephaly (birth OFC -3 - -4 SD) total of 2 consanguineous families with 5 affecteds and functional studies of KO mice Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4266 | APC2 |
Belinda Chong gene: APC2 was added gene: APC2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: APC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: APC2 were set to 31585108 Phenotypes for gene: APC2 were set to Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 10, MIM#618677 Review for gene: APC2 was set to RED gene: APC2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Onset in infancy 12 individuals from 8 unrelated families; intellectual disability, seizures, cortical dysplasia including posterior to anterior predominant pattern of lissencephaly, heterotopias, paucity of white matter, thin corpus callosum. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4265 | CDX2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CDX2 were changed from Persistent cloaca to Genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome, MONDO:0043005; Congenital abnormalities of anus, renal and urogenital system, vertebrae and/or the limbs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4264 | C7orf43 |
Ain Roesley gene: C7orf43 was added gene: C7orf43 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: C7orf43 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: C7orf43 were set to 30715179 Phenotypes for gene: C7orf43 were set to Microcephaly 25, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 618351 Penetrance for gene: C7orf43 were set to Complete Review for gene: C7orf43 was set to AMBER gene: C7orf43 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: HGNC approved name TRAPPC14 Single family reported: three affected siblings with homozygous truncating variant. Supportive zebrafish model. Occipital-frontal circumferences were below2 SD at birth, with microcephaly progressing later in life Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4264 | ATRIP |
Ain Roesley gene: ATRIP was added gene: ATRIP was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATRIP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ATRIP were set to 23144622 Phenotypes for gene: ATRIP were set to Seckel Syndrome Review for gene: ATRIP was set to RED gene: ATRIP was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Red in Mendeliome - only 1 report of post-natal progressive microcephaly Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4264 | ATP9A |
Ain Roesley gene: ATP9A was added gene: ATP9A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP9A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ATP9A were set to 34764295; 34379057 Phenotypes for gene: ATP9A were set to neurodevelopmental disorder, ATP9A-related MONDO#0700092 Penetrance for gene: ATP9A were set to Complete Review for gene: ATP9A was set to AMBER gene: ATP9A was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: post-natal microcephaly, 4 unrelated families 1x polyhydramnios noted and born small, weight of 3570g (−0.41 SD), a length of 50cm (−1.37 SD) and an OFC of 34cm (−1.47 SD). Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4264 | ARPC4 |
Ain Roesley gene: ARPC4 was added gene: ARPC4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ARPC4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ARPC4 were set to 35047857 Phenotypes for gene: ARPC4 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder, ARPC4-related MONDO#0700092 Penetrance for gene: ARPC4 were set to Complete Review for gene: ARPC4 was set to RED gene: ARPC4 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: post natal microcephaly except for 1 noted as 4% at birth 7 affected individuals from 6 families (gonadal mosaicism was confirmed in the mother of the 2 affected siblings) with a recurrent missense variant (NM_005718.4:c.472C>T; p.R158C). Core features in affected individuals include microcephaly, mild motor delays, and significant speech impairment Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4264 | ANKLE2 |
Ain Roesley gene: ANKLE2 was added gene: ANKLE2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKLE2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ANKLE2 were set to 25259927; 30214071; 31735666 Phenotypes for gene: ANKLE2 were set to Microcephaly 16, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 616681 Review for gene: ANKLE2 was set to GREEN gene: ANKLE2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: total of 4 unrelated born with microcephaly Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4264 | AGMO |
Ain Roesley gene: AGMO was added gene: AGMO was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AGMO was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AGMO were set to 31555905; 27000257 Phenotypes for gene: AGMO were set to neurodevelopmental disorder, AGMO-related MONDO#0700092 Penetrance for gene: AGMO were set to Complete Review for gene: AGMO was set to RED gene: AGMO was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder with ID, microcephaly and epilesy reported 1x oligo-hydramnios, maternal hypothyroidism, and decreased fetal movement birth weight was 2892 g (23%) and length was 49.5 cm (50%). Head circumference was not known but noted to be 5–10% 1x uneventful pregnancy birth weight was 2977 g (55%) and length was 53.3 cm (98%) 1x siblings with post natal microcephaly Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4264 | ADD3 |
Ain Roesley gene: ADD3 was added gene: ADD3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ADD3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADD3 were set to 23836506; 29768408 Phenotypes for gene: ADD3 were set to Cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic, 3 MIM#617008 Penetrance for gene: ADD3 were set to Complete Review for gene: ADD3 was set to RED gene: ADD3 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: post natal borderline microcephaly and cataract Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4264 | ADARB1 |
Ain Roesley gene: ADARB1 was added gene: ADARB1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ADARB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADARB1 were set to 32220291; 32719099 Phenotypes for gene: ADARB1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, microcephaly, and seizures, MIM#618862 Penetrance for gene: ADARB1 were set to Complete Review for gene: ADARB1 was set to AMBER gene: ADARB1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 6 unrelated families 1 microcephalic at birth (-2.2 SD) + 1 birth length at -4.3 SD Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4256 | COLGALT1 |
Chloe Stutterd gene: COLGALT1 was added gene: COLGALT1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: COLGALT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Added comment: Antenatal features: porencephalic cyst, calcifications Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4255 | PPP2R3C |
Chirag Patel gene: PPP2R3C was added gene: PPP2R3C was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP2R3C was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PPP2R3C were set to PMID: 30893644, 34714774, 34750818 Phenotypes for gene: PPP2R3C were set to Gonadal dysgenesis, dysmorphic facies, retinal dystrophy, and myopathy, OMIM # 618419 Review for gene: PPP2R3C was set to GREEN Added comment: Gonadal dysgenesis, dysmorphic facies, retinal dystrophy, and myopathy (GDRM) is characterized by 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis in association with extragonadal anomalies, low birth weight, typical facial gestalt, rod and cone dystrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, omphalocele, anal atresia, renal agenesis, skeletal abnormalities, dry and scaly skin, severe myopathy, and neuromotor delay. 11 unrelated families with syndromic complete gonadal dysgenesis. 9 families had 46,XY females with complete gonadal dysgenesis, but 2 families had 46,XX patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, nonvisualized gonads, primary amenorrhea, and absence of secondary sexual characteristics. Variants segregated with disease in each family and were not found in ethnically matched controls or in public variant databases. The heterozygous fathers exhibited morphologic abnormalities of spermatozoa and reduced fertility. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4253 | CDX2 | Chirag Patel reviewed gene: CDX2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 29177441, 34671974; Phenotypes: Congenital abnormalities of anus, renal and urogenital system, vertebrae and/or the limbs; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4253 | UNC13A |
Belinda Chong gene: UNC13A was added gene: UNC13A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UNC13A was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: UNC13A were set to 27648472; 28192369 Phenotypes for gene: UNC13A were set to Congenital myasthenia; dyskinesia; autism; developmental delay Review for gene: UNC13A was set to RED Added comment: One individual described with biallelic variants in this gene and a myasthenic syndrome; another individual reported with de novo variant in this gene and a different neurological phenotype (abnormal movements, developmental delay and autism). Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4253 | SYT2 |
Belinda Chong gene: SYT2 was added gene: SYT2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SYT2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SYT2 were set to 25192047; 32776697; 32250532; 30533528 Phenotypes for gene: SYT2 were set to Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 7, presynaptic, MIM# 616040; Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 7B, presynaptic, autosomal recessive MIM#619461 Review for gene: SYT2 was set to GREEN gene: SYT2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Myasthenic syndrome bi-allelic #619461- Decreased fetal movements Mono-allelic disease, PMID 25192047 and 30533528: dominant missense variants in SYT2 reported as a rare cause of distal motor neuropathy and myasthenic syndrome, manifesting with stable or slowly progressive distal weakness of variable severity along with presynaptic NMJ impairment in three families. These variants are thought to have a dominant-negative effect on synaptic vesicle exocytosis, although the precise pathomechanism remains to be elucidated. Bi-allelic disease: 32250532 and 32776697, 8 individuals from 6 families, with biallelic loss of function variants in SYT2, clinically manifesting with severe congenital onset hypotonia and weakness, with variable degrees of respiratory involvement. Electrodiagnostic findings consistent with a presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) in some. Treatment with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pursued in 4 indviduals showed clinical improvement with increased strength and function. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4253 | SLC25A1 |
Belinda Chong gene: SLC25A1 was added gene: SLC25A1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC25A1 were set to 26870663; 31527857; 29226520 Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A1 were set to ?Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 23, presynaptic MIM#618197; Combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria MIM#615182 Review for gene: SLC25A1 was set to RED gene: SLC25A1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Neonatal onset. Green for MIM#618197 Four unrelated families. mild congenital myasthenic syndrome. Red for MIM#615182 Five infants of two consanguineous Bedouin families of the same tribe homozygous for the same variant with EEG compatible with white matter disorder. Death usually occurs in childhood. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4251 | RPH3A |
Belinda Chong gene: RPH3A was added gene: RPH3A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RPH3A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RPH3A were set to 29441694 Phenotypes for gene: RPH3A were set to Congenital myasthenic syndrome Review for gene: RPH3A was set to RED gene: RPH3A was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Only one patient with a complex phenotype that included myasthenia, with compound het missense variants, of which only one variant had plausible functional expression data. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4247 | PLEC |
Belinda Chong gene: PLEC was added gene: PLEC was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLEC was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PLEC were set to 22144912; 31509265; 21263134; 20624679; 20624679; 21109228; 28824526 Phenotypes for gene: PLEC were set to Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 5C, with pyloric atresia MIM#612138; Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy, MIM# 226670; Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 5A, Ogna type MIM#131950; Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive 17 (MIM#613723) Review for gene: PLEC was set to GREEN gene: PLEC was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Multiple variations of EB and also associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Neonatal to Early childhood onset. However, Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 5C, with pyloric atresia MIM#612138 has prenatal manifestation of Polyhydramnios. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4237 | LAMA5 |
Belinda Chong gene: LAMA5 was added gene: LAMA5 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMA5 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LAMA5 were set to 33242826; 29534211; 16790509; 30589377; 28735299; 30631761 Phenotypes for gene: LAMA5 were set to bent bone dysplasia; nephrotic syndrome; Presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome; multisystem syndrome; developmental delay Review for gene: LAMA5 was set to RED Added comment: Currently amber gene and appears postnatal onset (not enough information) PMID: 29534211 - Three consanguineous families with homozygous missense variants (VUS) identified in two affected siblings with paediatric nephrotic syndrome within each family. No functional studies conducted on the missense variants. PMID: 16790509 - A hypomorphic Lama5 homozygous mouse model demonstrated proteinuria, cystic kidney disease and death from progressive renal failure at 3–4 weeks of age. PMID: 24130771 - a single case focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (proteinuria) with biallelic missense variants (VUS - S1469A & V2440I). Also reports p.Gly3685Arg in 2 other cases, which has 11 homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1 PMID: 29764427, 30808327 - Four families with haematuria and proteinuria reported with digenic inheritance of a LAMA5 missense variant with a COL4A4/5 variant. One of those variants (p.His1717Tyr) has 892 homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1 PMID: 28735299, 30589377 - A single large multigenerational family with a multisystem syndrome (including ophthalmic fetures), segregating a heterozygous missense p.V3140M, and supporting knock-in mouse model that recapitulates the phenotype. PMID: 33242826 - A single family with a bent bone dysplasia in 3 affected siblings with biallelic variants, and some supporting in vitro functional assays. PMID: 28544784, 29377152 - Single family with congenital myasthenic syndrome with a homozygous missense reported twice. PMID: 30631761 - a single case with a de novo splice site variant with developmental delay, epilepsy, and hypotonia Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4205 | GDF3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: The variants originally reported are present at a high frequency in gnomad which is not consistent with a rare Mendelian disorder.; to: The variants originally reported are present at a high frequency in gnomad which is not consistent with a rare Mendelian disorder. Some individuals had skeletal features. More recent publication PMID 29260090: variant inherited from phenotypically normal parent, leading authors to speculate about reduced penetrance. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4192 | TMEM53 |
Krithika Murali gene: TMEM53 was added gene: TMEM53 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM53 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TMEM53 were set to 33824347 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM53 were set to Craniotubular dysplasia, Ikegawa type - MIM#619727 Review for gene: TMEM53 was set to RED Added comment: 33824347 Guo et al 2021 report 5 individuals from 4 unrelated Indian families with a sclerosing bone disorder. Authors report normal prenatal and early postnatal development. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4192 | SGMS2 |
Krithika Murali gene: SGMS2 was added gene: SGMS2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SGMS2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SGMS2 were set to 34236445; 32028018; 30779713; 34761145; 34504906 Phenotypes for gene: SGMS2 were set to Calvarial doughnut lesions with bone fragility with or without spondylometaphyseal dysplasia - MIM#126550 Review for gene: SGMS2 was set to RED Added comment: Heterozygous variants in SGMS2 associated with childhood-onset osteoporosis and skeletal dysplasia. Evidence suggests that some heterozygous missense variants have a dominant negative effect and lead to severe bone fragility and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, while one recurrent nonsense variant (c.148C > T, p.Arg50*) has been associated with milder bone fragility with or without cranial sclerosis (cranial doughnut lesions). No antenatal features reported in published cases including growth parameters. --- PMID 32028018 Robinson et al 2020 - provide phenotypic information for 2 unrelated individuals with c.148C > T, p.Arg50* variant. No antenatal history reported. PMID: 30779713 Pekkinen et al 2019 - identified heterozygous SGMS2 variants in 13 individuals from 6 unrelated families with early-onset osteoporosis and skeletal dysplasia. Identified recurrent nonsense variant in 4 families ( p.Arg50*) presented with childhood-onset osteoporosis with or without cranial sclerosis. 2 families had p.Ile62Ser or p.Met64Arg and. more severe phenotype including with neonatal fracture (clavicular fracture at birth), severe short stature, and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. No antenatal phenotype/birth growth parameters provided. PMID: 34761145 Makitie et al 2021 - further examination of bone changes in two individuals already reported in Pekkinen et al 2019 paper with recurrent nonsense variant. PMID: 34504906 Basalom et al 2021 - no antenatal features reported Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4191 | UBA2 |
Chirag Patel gene: UBA2 was added gene: UBA2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: UBA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: UBA2 were set to PMID: 31332306; 31587267 Phenotypes for gene: UBA2 were set to Split-Hand/Foot Malformation; Aplasia Cutis Congenita; Ectrodactyly Review for gene: UBA2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 2x unrelated probands with isolated split hand malformation. fs variants - 1x de novo and 1x inherited from apparent unaffected mother (no radiographs of her hand available. 1x proband with unilateral split-hand malformation (missense). Her daughter and grandson reported to have ectrofactyly but were unavailable for testing PMID: 31332306 - a single individual with a de novo PTC and split hand/foot malformation (SHFM). Additional two multigenic CNVs including this gene in individuals with SHFM and ectrodactyly. Authors mention an additional de novo missense but the patient didnt have SHFM, argue low penetrance PMID: 31587267 - a mother and son with aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), with a heterozygous PTC. Son also has ectrodactyly. Authors note an additional de novo missense in a patient with ACC. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4189 | SCNN1B |
Chirag Patel gene: SCNN1B was added gene: SCNN1B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SCNN1B was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SCNN1B were set to PubMed: 8589714 Phenotypes for gene: SCNN1B were set to Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type I - MIM#264350 Review for gene: SCNN1B was set to GREEN Added comment: Autosomal recessive pseudohypoaldosteronism type I caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in SCNN1B is characterized by renal salt wasting and high concentrations of sodium in sweat, stool, and saliva. The disorder involves multiple organ systems and is especially threatening in the neonatal period. Multiple patients reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4187 | SCNN1A |
Chirag Patel gene: SCNN1A was added gene: SCNN1A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SCNN1A was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SCNN1A were set to PubMed: 8589714, 31301676 Phenotypes for gene: SCNN1A were set to Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type I - MIM#264350 Review for gene: SCNN1A was set to GREEN Added comment: Autosomal recessive pseudohypoaldosteronism type I caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in SCNN1A is characterized by renal salt wasting and high concentrations of sodium in sweat, stool, and saliva. The disorder involves multiple organ systems and is especially threatening in the neonatal period. Multiple patients reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4182 | NME8 |
Chirag Patel gene: NME8 was added gene: NME8 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NME8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NME8 were set to PubMed: 12032915, 12483741, 12928894 Phenotypes for gene: NME8 were set to CINCA syndrome, OMIM # 607115 Review for gene: NME8 was set to GREEN Added comment: Chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome also known as 'neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease,' or NOMID, is a rare congenital inflammatory disorder characterized by a triad of neonatal onset of cutaneous symptoms, chronic meningitis, and joint manifestations with recurrent fever and inflammation. 14 families with heterozygous missense mutations in exon 3. Presenting perinatally so suitable for fetal anomalies panel. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4161 | RAD50 |
Chirag Patel gene: RAD50 was added gene: RAD50 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: RAD50 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RAD50 were set to PMID: 19409520; 32212377; 33378670 Phenotypes for gene: RAD50 were set to Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder, MIM# 613078; MONDO:0013118 Review for gene: RAD50 was set to GREEN Added comment: Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder (NBSLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe prenatal growth retardation and persistent postnatal growth restriction, congenital microcephaly, borderline to mildly impaired intellectual development, normal sexual development, and radioresistant DNA synthesis with no immunodeficiency, myelodysplasia, or early neurodegeneration. Three unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4153 | BRD4 |
Chirag Patel gene: BRD4 was added gene: BRD4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: BRD4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: BRD4 were set to PMID: 29379197, 30302754, 11997514, 34035299 Phenotypes for gene: BRD4 were set to Cornelia de Lange syndrome (no OMIM# yet) Review for gene: BRD4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a clinically heterogeneous developmental disorder characterized by malformations affecting multiple systems. Affected individuals have dysmorphic facial features, cleft palate, distal limb defects, prenatal onset growth retardation, and developmental delay. About 1% of patients have mutations in the BRD4 gene. % patients reported with functional evidence. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4142 | SOST |
Seb Lunke changed review comment from: Well established association with recessive Sclerosteosis 1 (OMIM#122860) characterised by overgrowth and multiple facial and skeletal abnormalities Dominant association with Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia (OMIM#122860) has been described in two indipendent patients only, with different missense variants at the same residue (V21M, V21L) NOTE: Common 52-kb deletion downstream of SOST (van Buchem disease, MIM#239100); to: Well established association with recessive Sclerosteosis 1 (OMIM#269500) characterised by overgrowth and multiple facial and skeletal abnormalities Dominant association with Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia (OMIM#122860) has been described in two indipendent patients only, with different missense variants at the same residue (V21M, V21L) NOTE: Common 52-kb deletion downstream of SOST (van Buchem disease, MIM#239100) |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4132 | ALG14 |
Belinda Chong gene: ALG14 was added gene: ALG14 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG14 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ALG14 were set to 23404334; 28733338; 30221345; 23404334; 28733338 Phenotypes for gene: ALG14 were set to Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 15, without tubular aggregates 616227; Intellectual developmental disorder with epilepsy, behavioral abnormalities, and coarse facies (IDDEBF), MIM#619031; Myopathy, epilepsy, and progressive cerebral atrophy, MIM# 619036; Disorder of N-glycosylation Review for gene: ALG14 was set to GREEN gene: ALG14 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Three OMIM disorders however, only Myopathy, epilepsy, and progressive cerebral atrophy, MIM# 619036 with prenatal manifestations. 5 individuals from unrelated families described in the literature: one with myasthenic syndrome, no report of ID; second with predominantly ID phenotype; and three more with a neurodegenerative phenotype. ALG14 is part of the UDP-GlcNAc transferase, which catalyzes a key step in endoplasmic reticulum N-linked glycosylation. The three OMIM disorders may represent a spectrum of severity for CDG. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4132 | FERMT3 |
Krithika Murali gene: FERMT3 was added gene: FERMT3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FERMT3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FERMT3 were set to 31068971; 34485203; 33391282; 31724816; 30412664; 25854317; 28095295; 26359933; 25072369; 22134107; 20216991; 19234463; 19234460; 18779414 Phenotypes for gene: FERMT3 were set to Leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type III - MIM#612840 Review for gene: FERMT3 was set to RED Added comment: Biallelic variants associated with LAD3 syndrome (primary immunodeficiency and platelet function defects). Symptom onset reported from birth, no antenatal features reported. --- PMID: 34485203 Yahya et al 2021 - no antenatal issues reported PMID: 33391282 Kambli et al 2020 - no antenatal features reported for 5 individuals with LAD3 PMID 31068971 Shahid et al 2019 - no antenatal features PMID: 31724816 Manukjan et al 2019 - no antenatal issues reported in 1 affected individual PMID: 28095295 Palagano et al 2017 - report female proband with infantile-onset osteopetrosis and symptomatic haematological anomalies at birth requiring bone marrow transplant. Authors postulate in utero onset but no antenatal features reported. PMID: 26359933 Suratannon et al 2016 - report a female Thai proband with a milder/atypical phenotype, no antenatal features reported PMID: 25854317 Crazzolara et al 2015 - presented D7 of life with infection, bleeeding issues and noted radiologically to have dense bones. No antenatal features. PMID: 25072369 Stepensky et al 2015 - report 3 individuals with bleeding tendency from birth and onset of recurrent infections as an infant, normal antenatal history. PMID: 20357244 McDowall et al 2010 - symptom onset from birth, no antenatal features PMID: 20216991 Jurk et al 2010 - 2 affected siblings, no antenatal features reported. PMID: 19234463 Svensson et al 2009 - no antenatal features reported PMID: 19234460 Malinin et al 2009 - no antenatal features reported PMID: 19064721 Kuijpers et al 2009 - 9 individuals from 7 unrelated families, no antenatal features reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4126 | SPG11 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Bi-alllelic variants in this gene also cause spastic paraplegia-11 (OMIM# 604360) but also juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-5 (OMIM# 602099), and CMT2X. Same variants have been reported in association with different phenotypes, poor genotype-phenotype correlation. Recent review of >300 individuals with SPG11-related disease. Mean age at onset was 13.10 ± 3.65 years, with initial symptoms like gait disturbance (107/195, 54.87%) and intellectual disability (47/195, 24.10%). Cognitive decline (228/270, 84.44%) was the most common complex manifestation stepped by dysarthria (134/195, 68.72%), neuropathy (112/177, 63.28%), amyatrophy, sphincter disturbance (60/130, 46.15%) and ataxia (90/194, 46.39%).; to: Bi-alllelic variants in this gene also cause spastic paraplegia-11 (OMIM# 604360) but also juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-5 (OMIM# 602099), and CMT2X. Same variants have been reported in association with different phenotypes, poor genotype-phenotype correlation. Recent review of >300 individuals with SPG11-related disease. Mean age at onset was 13.10 ± 3.65 years, with initial symptoms like gait disturbance (107/195, 54.87%) and intellectual disability (47/195, 24.10%). Cognitive decline (228/270, 84.44%) was the most common complex manifestation stepped by dysarthria (134/195, 68.72%), neuropathy (112/177, 63.28%), amyatrophy, sphincter disturbance (60/130, 46.15%) and ataxia (90/194, 46.39%). Although onset of clinical features is typically in childhood or later, absent CC/CC abnormalities reported. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4106 | SUZ12 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Thirteen individuals from 12 families.; to: Thirteen individuals from 12 families. Overgrowth of prenatal onset, brain abnormalities reported in some. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4074 | TFAP2B |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PDA, facial dysmorphism and clinodactyly unlikely to be detectable antenatally.; to: Char syndrome: PDA, facial dysmorphism and clinodactyly unlikely to be detectable antenatally. Craniosynostosis: Four individuals reported in PMID: 31292255 (Correction in PMID: 31405973) as part of a craniosynostosis cohort: 2 de novo and 2 inherited. There is evidence for reduced penetrance as in one case the variant was inherited from an unaffected parent (affected parent for the other inherited variant). |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.4032 | TRIP4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRIP4 were changed from Prenatal-onset spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures, MONDO:0000209; Congenital muscular dystrophy-respiratory failure-skin abnormalities-joint hyperlaxity syndrome, MONDO:0014896; ?Muscular dystrophy, congenital, Davignon-Chauveau type, OMIM:617066; Spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 1, OMIM:616866; Spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 1, MONDO:0014806 to Spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 1, OMIM:616866; Spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 1, MONDO:0014806 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4023 | TUBB | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TUBB were changed from CORTICAL DYSPLASIA, COMPLEX, WITH OTHER BRAIN MALFORMATIONS 6; Circumferential Skin Creases Kunze Type to Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 6, MIM#615771 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4006 | VIPAS39 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: VIPAS39 were changed from ARTHROGRYPOSIS, RENAL DYSFUNCTION, AND CHOLESTASIS 2 to Arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis 2, OMIM #613404 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4004 | VIPAS39 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: VIPAS39: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis 2, OMIM #613404; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.4002 | VPS33B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: VPS33B were changed from ARTHROGRYPOSIS, RENAL DYSFUNCTION, AND CHOLESTASIS 1 to Arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis 1 (MIM#208085) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3933 | SLC2A2 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Presentation is typically with liver and renal dysfunction, ID is not a consistent/prominent feature.; to: Presentation is typically with liver and renal dysfunction post-natally. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3915 | ALB |
Krithika Murali gene: ALB was added gene: ALB was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ALB was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ALB were set to 23730173; 15300429; 31057599 Phenotypes for gene: ALB were set to Analbuminemia- MIM#616000 Review for gene: ALB was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic variants associated with congenital analbuminaemia. Prenatal features include IUGR and oligohydramnios. Allelic condition OMIM# 615999 Mono-allelic disease and dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia: gain-of-function mechanism, missense variants of ALB with increased affinity for thyroid hormones. Immunoassay methods may show variably elevated free thyroid hormone levels. Individuals are euthyroid and identification is important to avoid unnecessary medical or surgical treatment. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3908 | RASA2 |
Krithika Murali gene: RASA2 was added gene: RASA2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RASA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RASA2 were set to 25049390 Phenotypes for gene: RASA2 were set to Noonan syndrome Review for gene: RASA2 was set to AMBER Added comment: No OMIM gene disease association. Borderline red-amber gene. No new publications since last PanelApp review in 2020 -- One previous paper from 2014 described 3 patients with Noonan Syndrome and novel variants in RASA2. No segregation or functional data on the specific variants was provided. One of the three patients had an alternative variant in a different candidate gene. A more recent review using ClinGen criteria (2018) only found the disease association to have limited evidence, with no further patients identified since the 2014 paper, and none since. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3908 | PLOD3 |
Krithika Murali gene: PLOD3 was added gene: PLOD3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLOD3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PLOD3 were set to 30237576; 18834968 Phenotypes for gene: PLOD3 were set to Lysyl hydroxylase 3 deficiency - MIM#612394 Review for gene: PLOD3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 unrelated families reported with biallelic PLOD3 variants and Stickler-syndrome like phenotype including antenatal phenotype of IUGR in one family. -- PMID 30237576 Maddirevula et al 2019 - report homozygous nonsense variant in a proband with dysmorphic facies, microcephaly, ptosis and contractures. No antenatal information provided. PMID 31129566 Ewans et al 2019 - report 3 affected siblings with a Stickler-syndrome like disorder. - Patient 1 had congenital nystagmus and presented with hearing loss and myopia. On examination aged 2, noted to have dysmorphic features - prominent eyes, hypertelorism, malar hypoplasia, an upturned nose, low-set ears and microretrognathia. - Patient 2 noted to have camptodactyly and clinodactyly postnatally. On examination age 5 noted to have DIP joint contractures and mild skin syndactyly. - Patient 3 - breech delivery. bilateral hand foot camptodactyly, facial dysmorphism. - No antenatal features reported. PMID 30463024 Vahidnehzad et al 2019 - report a male proband from a consanguineous Iranian Baloch family referred for assessment age 4.5. Noted to have developmental delay, musculoskeletal manifestations including scoliosis, flexion contractions, cutaneous syndactyly, right diaphragmatic eventration, ocular anomalies, growth failure and skin blisters. No concerns antenatally. Postnatally noted to have cataract and facial dysmorphism (midface hypoplasia). Homozygous PLOD3 missense variant identified, parents unaffected carriers. PLOD3 mRNA levels in the patient’s fibroblasts measured by whole-transcriptome sequencing and confirmed by RT-PCR, were the same as in control cells, however, the expression of type VII collagen was reduced significantly. No antenatal features reported. PMID: 18834968 Salo et al 2008 - a female proband with significant IUGR, characteristic craniofacial profile, diaphragm eventration, skeletal anomalies (bilateral talipes equinovarus, flexion contractures, scoliosis from age 7), skin anomalies incl blistering and ocular anomalies. One 28 week male stillborn sibling noted to have significant IUGR and skeletal anomalies on post-mortem. Supportive functional evidence. Compound het PLOD3 variants. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3908 | LOXL3 |
Krithika Murali gene: LOXL3 was added gene: LOXL3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LOXL3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LOXL3 were set to 25663169; 26307084; 26957899; 29802726; 30362103; 34787502 Phenotypes for gene: LOXL3 were set to Stickler syndrome; cleft lip/palate Review for gene: LOXL3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Biallelic variants reported in association with Stickler syndrome in 2 unrelated families. Also identified in one individual with non-syndromic Pierre Robin sequence who had a CNV also. --- PMID 34787502 Sood et al 2021 - proband with non-syndromic Pierre Robin sequence - homozygous missense LOXL3 variant identified. Sibling also had non-syndromic PRS, but genetic testing declined by family. In addition 551 kb chr10q26.2 duplication identified, no parental testing information provided, not previously reported to be associated with CL/P. PMID 30362103 Chan et al 2019 - report father and son with Stickler syndrome and homozygous LOXL3 missense variants. Predominantly ocular phenotype with no antenatal features reported. PMID: 29802726 Khan et al 2018 - genotyping of 258 probands with non-syndromic cleft palate (nsCP) and their parents, focusing in particular on common missense variant p.Ile615Phe. Identified four Phe/Phe homozygotes, report significant association between infant’s homozygote Phe/Phe genotype and the risk of nsCP, compared to common Ile/Ile homozygotes PMID 26957899 Li et al 2016 - A homozygous frameshift mutation (c.39dup; p.L14Afs*21) and a compound heterozygous frameshift mutation (c.39dup; p.L14Afs*21 and c.594delG; p.Q199Kfs*35) in LOXL3 were separately identified in two of 298 probands with early-onset high myopia. PMID: 26307084 Zhang et al 2015 - Mice lacking LOXL3 exhibited perinatal lethality and were noted to have cleft palate and spinal deformity. PMID: 25663169 Alzahrani et al 2015 - homozygous variant identified in 2 children with Stickler syndrome from the same family, both children had cleft lip/palate. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3908 | PDIA6 |
Krithika Murali gene: PDIA6 was added gene: PDIA6 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PDIA6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PDIA6 were set to 33495992 Phenotypes for gene: PDIA6 were set to Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD) syndrome and infantile‐onset diabetes Review for gene: PDIA6 was set to AMBER Added comment: No new publications since last PanelApp review. Single case upgraded to Amber on the basis of functional data --- 1 case with asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD) syndrome and infantile‐onset diabetes. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous frameshift variant in the PDIA6 gene. RNA expression was reduced in a gene dosage‐dependent manner, supporting a loss‐of‐function effect of this variant. Phenotypic correlation with the previously reported mouse model recapitulated the growth defect and delay, early lethality, coagulation, diabetes, immunological, and polycystic kidney disease phenotypes. The phenotype of the current patient is consistent with phenotypes associated with the disruption of PDIA6 and the sensors of UPR in mice and humans. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3892 | PTHLH | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Identifiable prenatally.; to: May be identifiable prenatally. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3879 | STAR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: STAR were changed from CHOLESTEROL DESMOLASE-DEFICIENT CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA to Lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (MIM#201710) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3877 | STAR | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: STAR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (MIM#201710); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3877 | STAR | Daniel Flanagan reviewed gene: STAR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8948562, 16968793; Phenotypes: Lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (MIM#201710); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3869 | STAR | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: STAR: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 7892608, 8948562, 9097960, 11061515, 11297612, 14764819, 16968793, 9326645; Phenotypes: Lipoid adrenal hyperplasia MIM#201710; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3756 | TPO |
Krithika Murali gene: TPO was added gene: TPO was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TPO was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TPO were set to 34220711; 30662777 Phenotypes for gene: TPO were set to Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 2A - MIM#274500 Review for gene: TPO was set to GREEN Added comment: Well-established association with thyroid dyshormonogenesis. 3 affected individuals from 2 unrelated families reported with fetal goitre. 34220711 Rodrigues et al 2021 - report 2 siblings who were diagnosed with fetal goitre on antenatal ultrasound at 26 and 32 weeks gestation. Pathogenic compound het TPO variants identified inherited from unaffected carrier parents. 30662777 - report a proband diagnosed with fetal goitre at 29 weeks gestation. Compound heterozygous TPO variants identified. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3756 | RRM2B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RRM2B were changed from Mitochondrial depletion syndrome to Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 8A (encephalomyopathic type with renal tubulopathy) MIM#612075; Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 8B (MNGIE type) MIM#612075 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3729 | TBC1D24 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: TBC1D24: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: Polyhydramnios is often noted when a fetus has DOORS syndrome [James et al 2007]. A subsequent affected pregnancy in one family with DOORS syndrome was terminated due to an elevated nuchal translucency of 5.1 mm at 12 weeks' estimated gestational age; Phenotypes: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 16 MIM#615338, DOORS syndrome MIM#220500, Epilepsy, rolandic, with proxysmal exercise-induce dystonia and writer's cramp MIM#608105, Myoclonic epilepsy, infantile, familial MIM#605021; Mode of inheritance: None; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3724 | TBC1D23 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: TBC1D23: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28823707, 28823706; Phenotypes: Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 11, MIM# 617695; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3724 | TAPT1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: TAPT1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26365339; Phenotypes: Osteochondrodysplasia, complex lethal, Symoens-Barnes-Gistelinck type (MIM#616897); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3722 | SUCLG1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: SUCLG1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33230783, 28358460; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 9 (encephalomyopathic type with methylmalonic aciduria) MIM#245400; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3721 | RUNX2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: RUNX2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301686; Phenotypes: Cleidocranial dysplasia MIM#119600, Cleidocranial dysplasia, forme fruste, with brachydactyly MIM#119600; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3721 | RTEL1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: RTEL1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23329068, 20301779, 29296694; Phenotypes: Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal recessive 5 MIM#615190; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3721 | RRM2B | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: RRM2B: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24741716; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 8A (encephalomyopathic type with renal tubulopathy) MIM#612075, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 8B (MNGIE type) MIM#612075; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3721 | RPS6KA3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: RPS6KA3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301520; Phenotypes: Coffin-Lowry syndrome MIM#303600, Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 19 MIM#300844; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3721 | ROR2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: ROR2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10932186, 10932187, 10986040, 19461659, 20301418; Phenotypes: Brachydactyly, type B1 MIM#113000, Robinow syndrome, autosomal recessive MIM#268310; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3721 | RNASET2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: RNASET2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31349848, 19525954, 27091087, 29336640, 18545798, 15851732; Phenotypes: Leukoencephalopathy, cystic, without megalencephaly MIM#612951; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3721 | RNASEH2C | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: RNASEH2C: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301648, 24183309, 23322642; Phenotypes: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 3 (MIM# 610329), AR; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3709 | IRS4 | Krithika Murali edited their review of gene: IRS4: Added comment: Associated with isolated central congenital hypothyroidism (insufficient pituitary TSH production). Postnatal diagnosis with no prenatal features reported. Small thyroid gland is a late postnatal phenotypic feature.; Changed rating: AMBER | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3709 | IRS4 |
Krithika Murali gene: IRS4 was added gene: IRS4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: IRS4 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: IRS4 were set to 34566885; 34225927; 34093435; 33107432; 30061370 Phenotypes for gene: IRS4 were set to Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 9- MIM#301035 Review for gene: IRS4 was set to RED Added comment: Associated with isolated central congenital hypothyroidism (insufficient pituitary TSH production). Postnatal diagnosis with no prenatal features reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3709 | RNASEH2B | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: RNASEH2B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16845400, 33307271, 29239743; Phenotypes: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 2, MIM# 610181; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3709 | RNASEH2A | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: RNASEH2A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15870678, 25604658, 23592335; Phenotypes: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 4 MIM#610333; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3709 | CDCA8 |
Krithika Murali gene: CDCA8 was added gene: CDCA8 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CDCA8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CDCA8 were set to 28025328; 29546359 Phenotypes for gene: CDCA8 were set to Congenital hypothyroidism, thyroid dysgenesis, no OMIM # Review for gene: CDCA8 was set to GREEN Added comment: Gene associated with congenital hypothyroidism secondary to thyroid dysgenesis. No new publications since last PanelApp review Feb 2021 --- 4 families (1 with bilallelic variants [parent affected as HTZ], 3 with monoallelic variants) with functional evidence of variants. GREEN for mono allelic, RED for biallelic. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3709 | NPRL3 |
Krithika Murali gene: NPRL3 was added gene: NPRL3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NPRL3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NPRL3 were set to 27173016; 26285051; 33461085 Phenotypes for gene: NPRL3 were set to Epilepsy, familial focal, with variable foci 3- MIM#617118 Review for gene: NPRL3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Known association with focal epilepsy (variable penetrance) with focal cortical dysplasia being a reported feature. FCD has the potential to be detected prenatally. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3709 | NPRL2 |
Krithika Murali gene: NPRL2 was added gene: NPRL2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NPRL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NPRL2 were set to 29281825; 27173016; 31625153; 33461085; 22268191 Phenotypes for gene: NPRL2 were set to Epilepsy, familial focal, with variable foci 2 - MIM#617116 Review for gene: NPRL2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Heterozygous NPRL2 variants associated with focal epilepsy of variable severity. Incomplete penetrance also a known feature. Probands from 3 unrelated families noted to have focal cortical dysplasia which has the potential to be detected prenatally. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3697 | HECW2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Typically denovo missense variants in the HECT domain. PMID: 29807643 - R1191Q single case with severe D/ID, EE and regression PMID: 29395664 - single case with regression, loss of swallowing, increased abnormal movements/hand stereotypies, Rett like, cortical visual impairment and EE PMID: 27334371 - propose GOF or dominant negative; 1 case plus references 5 previous cases PMID: 27389779 - four novel de novo predicted deleterious missense variants in HECW2 in six probands with ID/developmental delay and hypotonia. Other common features include seizures, strabismus, nystagmus, cortical visual impairment and dysmorphic facial features. p. Arg1330Trp, p.Glu1445Gly reported >1 case. Regression reported in the context of refractory EE; to: Clinical presentation is typically post-natal. Typically denovo missense variants in the HECT domain. PMID: 29807643 - R1191Q single case with severe D/ID, EE and regression PMID: 29395664 - single case with regression, loss of swallowing, increased abnormal movements/hand stereotypies, Rett like, cortical visual impairment and EE PMID: 27334371 - propose GOF or dominant negative; 1 case plus references 5 previous cases PMID: 27389779 - four novel de novo predicted deleterious missense variants in HECW2 in six probands with ID/developmental delay and hypotonia. Other common features include seizures, strabismus, nystagmus, cortical visual impairment and dysmorphic facial features. p. Arg1330Trp, p.Glu1445Gly reported >1 case. Regression reported in the context of refractory EE |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3681 | GRIN2A |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Large cohort of 248 individuals reported in PMID: 30544257: The phenotypic spectrum ranged from normal or near-normal development with mild epilepsy and speech delay/apraxia to severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, often within the epilepsy-aphasia spectrum. Pathogenic missense variants in transmembrane and linker domains (misTMD+Linker) were associated with severe developmental phenotypes, whereas missense variants within amino terminal or ligand-binding domains (misATD+LBD) and null variants led to less severe developmental phenotypes. Other phenotypes such as MRI abnormalities and epilepsy types were also significantly different between the two groups. Notably, this was paralleled by electrophysiology data, where misTMD+Linker predominantly led to NMDAR gain-of-function, while misATD+LBD exclusively caused NMDAR loss-of-function.; to: Large cohort of 248 individuals reported in PMID: 30544257: The phenotypic spectrum ranged from normal or near-normal development with mild epilepsy and speech delay/apraxia to severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, often within the epilepsy-aphasia spectrum. Pathogenic missense variants in transmembrane and linker domains (misTMD+Linker) were associated with severe developmental phenotypes, whereas missense variants within amino terminal or ligand-binding domains (misATD+LBD) and null variants led to less severe developmental phenotypes. Other phenotypes such as MRI abnormalities and epilepsy types were also significantly different between the two groups. Notably, this was paralleled by electrophysiology data, where misTMD+Linker predominantly led to NMDAR gain-of-function, while misATD+LBD exclusively caused NMDAR loss-of-function. Clinical presentation is typically postnatal. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3610 | ST3GAL5 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Salt and pepper developmental regression syndrome, also known as Amish infantile epilepsy syndrome, is an autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder characterised by infantile onset of refractory and recurrent seizures associated with profoundly delayed psychomotor development and/or developmental regression as well as abnormal movements and visual loss. Affected individuals develop hypo- or hyperpigmented skin macules on the trunk, face, and extremities in early childhood. Although initially reported in the Amish (founder variant p.Arg288Ter), families from other ethnicities have also been reported.; to: Salt and pepper developmental regression syndrome, also known as Amish infantile epilepsy syndrome, is an autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder characterised by infantile onset of refractory and recurrent seizures associated with profoundly delayed psychomotor development and/or developmental regression as well as abnormal movements and visual loss. Affected individuals develop hypo- or hyperpigmented skin macules on the trunk, face, and extremities in early childhood. Although initially reported in the Amish (founder variant p.Arg288Ter), families from other ethnicities have also been reported. Clinical presentation is typically post-natal. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3544 | DMP1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DMP1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17033625, 17033621, 31843680; Phenotypes: Hypophosphatemic rickets, AR MIM#241520; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3541 | DLD | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DLD: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 3769994, 8506365, 9934985, 17404228, 21558426, 21930696; Phenotypes: Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency MIM#246900; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3541 | WNT9B |
Krithika Murali gene: WNT9B was added gene: WNT9B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WNT9B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: WNT9B were set to 34145744 Phenotypes for gene: WNT9B were set to Renal agenesis/hypoplasia/dysplasia, no OMIM # Review for gene: WNT9B was set to AMBER Added comment: Now new publications since last PanelApp review Sept 2021 --- WNT9B plays a key role in the development of the mammalian urogenital system. It is essential for the induction of mesonephric and metanephric tubules, the regulation of renal tubule morphogenesis, and the regulation of renal progenitor cell expansion and differentiation. WNT9B−/− mice have renal agenesis/hypoplasia and reproductive tract abnormalities. Lemire et al. (2021) report 4 individuals from 2 unrelated consanguineous families with bilateral renal agenesis/hypoplasia/dysplasia and homozygous variants in WNT9B. The proband from Family 1 had bilateral renal cystic dysplasia and chronic kidney disease, with 2 deceased siblings with bilateral renal hypoplasia/agenesis. The 3 affected family members were homozygous for a Gly317Arg missense variant in WNT9B. Proband from Family 2 had renal hypoplasia/dysplasia, chronic kidney disease, and was homozygous for a Pro5Alafs*52 nonsense variant in WNT9B. The proband's unaffected brother is also homozygous for the nonsense variant in WNT9B, suggesting nonpenetrance. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3510 | TBC1D1 |
Krithika Murali gene: TBC1D1 was added gene: TBC1D1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TBC1D1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TBC1D1 were set to 26572137 Phenotypes for gene: TBC1D1 were set to CAKUT Review for gene: TBC1D1 was set to GREEN Added comment: No new publications since last PanelApp review included below --- 1 heterozygous de novo frameshift variant in TBC1D1 in 1 CAKUT. 3 further CAKUT cases with three novel or rare inherited heterozygous TBC1D1 missense variants predicted to be pathogenic. TBC1D1 mutations affected Ser237-phosphorylation or protein stability and thereby act as hypomorphs. Tbc1d1 showed widespread expression in the developing murine urogenital system. A mild CAKUT spectrum phenotype, including anomalies observed in patients carrying TBC1D1 mutations, was found in kidneys of some Tbc1d1 (-/-) mice. Significantly reduced Glut4 levels were detected in kidneys of Tbc1d1 (-/-) mice and the dysplastic kidney of a TBC1D1 mutation carrier versus controls. TBC1D1 and SLC2A4 encoding GLUT4 were highly expressed in human fetal kidney. These data demonstrate heterozygous deactivating TBC1D1 mutations in CAKUT patients with a similar renal and ureteral phenotype, and provide evidence that TBC1D1 mutations may contribute to CAKUT pathogenesis, possibly via a role in glucose homeostasis. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3508 | SRGAP1 |
Krithika Murali gene: SRGAP1 was added gene: SRGAP1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SRGAP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SRGAP1 were set to 26026792 Phenotypes for gene: SRGAP1 were set to congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract Review for gene: SRGAP1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID 26026792 Hwang et al report 2 unrelated families with heterozygous SRGAP1 variants. - Family 1 - proband with prenatally diagnosed multicystic dysplastic kidney, affected mother with right duplex kidney - Family 2 - proband with horseshoe kidney with a multicystic dysplastic right upper pole. Variant paternally inherited, father not available for renal ultrasound Supportive mouse models Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3505 | TMCO1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Multiple families reported. Although some have the same recurrent founder variants, sufficient number of families from different ethnicities and with different variants reported for Green rating.; to: Multiple families reported. Although some have the same recurrent founder variants, sufficient number of families from different ethnicities and with different variants reported for Green rating. Skeletal abnormalities are pertinent to this panel. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3502 | SLIT2 |
Krithika Murali gene: SLIT2 was added gene: SLIT2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLIT2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SLIT2 were set to 26026792; 15130495 Phenotypes for gene: SLIT2 were set to CAKUT; vesicoureteric reflux Review for gene: SLIT2 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID 26026792 Hwang et al 2019 - identified three unrelated individuals with CAKUT and different heterozygous SLIT2 missense mutations. - 1 patient presented with multiple bilateral subcortical renal cysts - 1 patient presented with multicystic dysplastic kidneys - 1 patient had right renal agenesis Authors provide supportive variant-specific mouse models. PMID: 34059960 Liu et al 2021 - 3 unrelated children from a Chinese Kidney Disease Database with vesicoureteric reflux had SLIT3 VUS identified PMID 19350278 Zu et al 2009 - x2 unrelated individuals with SLIT2 variants - not segregating with disease in either family Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3501 | NEK8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NEK8 were changed from Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 2, MONDO:0014174; Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 2, OMIM:615415; ?Nephronophthisis 9, OMIM:613824; Nephronophthisis 9, MONDO:0013444 to Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 2, MONDO:0014174; Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 2, OMIM:615415; Nephronophthisis 9, OMIM:613824; Nephronophthisis 9, MONDO:0013444 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3484 | SEMA3A |
Krithika Murali gene: SEMA3A was added gene: SEMA3A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SEMA3A was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SEMA3A were set to 28075028; 33369061; 20301509; 21059704; 24124006; 22927827 Phenotypes for gene: SEMA3A were set to {Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 16 with or without anosmia - MIM#614897; congenital heart disease Review for gene: SEMA3A was set to GREEN Added comment: Heterozygous variants associated with isolated GnRH deficiency with or without anosmia (Kallman syndrome like). Anomalies such as unilateral renal aplasia which can be detected antenatally reported with Kallman syndrome but not published with heterozygous SEMA3A variants. More severe phenotype with biallelic SEMA3A variants reported with features detectable antenatally. PMID 33369061 Gileta et al 2021 - report x1 patient. Female proband was compound heterozygote for a nonsense variant and a multiexonic deletion of SEMA3A. Presents with postnatal short stature, congenital cardiac anomalies, dysmorphic features, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia. PMID 28075028 Baumann et al 2017 - report x1 patient. Homozygous LoF variants identified in a proband from a consanguineous Turkish family. Noted at birth to have a high-positioned scapulae, deformed ribs and a lateral clavicular hook. The patient also had upper/lower limb contractures and aberrant right subclavian artery. Mild facial dysmorphism, micropenis and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism also noted in the first week of life. Postnatal short stature (length 50cm at term birth) PMID 24124006 Hofmann et al 2013 - first reported biallelic variants in a proband with postnatal short stature, skeletal anomalies of the thorax, congenital heart defect and camptodactyly Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3478 | STAT3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: STAT3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome - MIM#147060, Autoimmune disease, multisystem, infantile-onset, 1 - MIM#615952; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3440 | FGF20 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FGF20 were changed from ?Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 2, 615721 to Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 2, MIM#615721 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3432 | TANGO2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TANGO2 were changed from Infancy-Onset Recurrent Metabolic Crises with Encephalocardiomyopathy to Metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, recurrent, with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration (MIM#616878) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3430 | TANGO2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TANGO2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, recurrent, with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration (MIM#616878); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | STAT3 |
Krithika Murali gene: STAT3 was added gene: STAT3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: STAT3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: STAT3 were set to 30617622; 31771449; 34366294 Phenotypes for gene: STAT3 were set to Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome - MIM#147060; Autoimmune disease, multisystem, infantile-onset, 1 - MIM#615952 Added comment: Well known association with Hyper IgE syndrome and multisystem autoimmune disease. Early post-natal diagnosis reported. Prenatally detectable features include craniosynostosis and IUGR. 31771449 Terry et al 2020 report a baby with a de novo heterozygous likely pathogenic STAT3 variant. Severe IUGR and oligohydramnios was noted on USS at 21 weeks gestation. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | RNU12 |
Krithika Murali gene: RNU12 was added gene: RNU12 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RNU12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RNU12 were set to 34085356 Phenotypes for gene: RNU12 were set to CDAGS syndrome MIM#603116; Craniosynostosis, Delayed closure of the fontanelles, cranial defects, clavicular hypoplasia, Anal and Genitourinary malformations, and Skin manifestations Review for gene: RNU12 was set to GREEN Added comment: No new publications since last PanelApp review July 2021 --- 5 CDAGS syndrome families with biallelic variants all including NC_000022.10:g.43011402C>T and another variant on the second allele. Whole transcriptome sequencing analysis of patient lymphoblastoid cells identified differentially expressed genes, and differential alternative splicing analysis indicated there was an enrichment of alternative splicing events. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | PJA1 |
Krithika Murali gene: PJA1 was added gene: PJA1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PJA1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: PJA1 were set to 32530565 Phenotypes for gene: PJA1 were set to Trigonocephaly, intellectual disability Review for gene: PJA1 was set to AMBER Added comment: No new publications since last PanelApp review August 2020 -- Recurrent variant, p.Arg376Cys, reported in 7 Japanese individuals, supportive mouse model. Individuals shared a common haplotype, suggestive of founder effect. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | LTBP1 |
Krithika Murali gene: LTBP1 was added gene: LTBP1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LTBP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LTBP1 were set to 33991472 Phenotypes for gene: LTBP1 were set to Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIE - MIM#619451 Review for gene: LTBP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Homozygous premature truncating LTBP1 variants in eight affected individuals from four unrelated consanguineous families reported associated with autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IIE. Phenotypic features relevant in the prenatal setting include: - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (1 individual) - Cleft palate (2 individuals) - Congenital heart defects - Renal anomalies (1 individual) - Microretrognathia (1 individual) - Hydrocephalus (1 individual) - Skeletal anomalies (craniosynostosis, short stature, brachydactyly, and syndactyly). Supportive patient-derived fibroblast and zebrafish studies. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | EFNA4 |
Krithika Murali gene: EFNA4 was added gene: EFNA4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EFNA4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: EFNA4 were set to 29215649; 29168297; 16540516 Phenotypes for gene: EFNA4 were set to Craniosynostosis Review for gene: EFNA4 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID 29215649 Lee et al 2018 - Cohort of 309 individuals with craniosynostosis tested with a 20-gene panel. Report 1 individual with unicoronal CS with a likely pathogenic EFNA4 variant. PMID 29168297 Clarke et al 2018 - Study enrolled 397 probands with single suture CS. Report one maternally inherited EFNA4 VUS NM_005227.2:c.550C>T; p.(Leu184Phe) with metopic CS, x1 het in gnomad (v2), variant predicted to escape NMD, not reported in ClinVar/Decipher. PMID 16540516 Merrill et al 2006 - Tested 81 patients with non-syndromic coronal CS. 3 heterozygous EFNA4 variants detected - x2 missense variants: - c.178C>T p.H60Y -- 361 hets gnomad - c.349 C>A p.P117T - 337 hets - novel frameshift delin 471_472delCCinsA. All 3 variants inherited from unaffected parent. Functional studies on fibroblast cells from the proband with the frameshift delin variant demonstrated an alternatively spliced minor isoform of EFNA4. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | DHH | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DHH: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31018998, 29471294, 11017805; Phenotypes: 46XY gonadal dysgenesis with minifascicular neuropathy MIM#607080; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | DEPDC5 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DEPDC5: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23542697, 23542701, 24814846, 24585383, 26505888, 27173016, 31444548; Phenotypes: Epilepsy, familial focal, with variable foci 1 MIM#604364; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | DDHD2 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DDHD2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23486545, 24482476, 23176823, 31302745; Phenotypes: Spastic paraplegia 54, autosomal recessive, MIM# 615033, MONDO:0014018; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | DDHD1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DDHD1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23176821; Phenotypes: Spastic paraplegia 28, autosomal recessive, 609340, MONDO:0012256; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | DDC | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DDC: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20505134, 33528536, 30799092, 33996177; Phenotypes: Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency MIM#608643; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | DDB2 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DDB2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33544716, 32457468, 32239545, 32228487; Phenotypes: Xeroderma pigmentosum, group E, DDB-negative subtype MIM#278740; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | FUZ | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FUZ: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21840926; Phenotypes: {Neural tube defects, susceptibility to} MIM#182940; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | DBT | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DBT: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 9239422, 10915611, 20570198; Phenotypes: Maple syrup urine disease, type II (MIM#248600); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | DARS2 | Belinda Chong edited their review of gene: DARS2: Set current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | CYP19A1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: CYP19A1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17164303, 25264451; Phenotypes: Aromatase deficiency (MIM#613546), AR, Aromatase excess syndrome (MIM#139300), AD; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3400 | FTSJ1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FTSJ1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15342698, 18081026, 15162322, 26310293; Phenotypes: 15342698, 18081026, 15162322, 26310293; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3397 | FLRT3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FLRT3: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23643382, 31200363; Phenotypes: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 21 with anosmia (MIM# 615271); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3396 | FLAD1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FLAD1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: Lipid storage myopathy due to flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase deficiency MIM#255100; Phenotypes: Lipid storage myopathy due to flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase deficiency MIM#255100; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3396 | FGF20 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FGF20: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22698282; Phenotypes: Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 2, MIM#615721; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3396 | FGF17 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FGF17: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31200363, 31748124, 23643382; Phenotypes: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 20 with or without anosmia MIM#615270; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3396 | TANGO2 | Daniel Flanagan reviewed gene: TANGO2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26805781, 26805782, 30245509; Phenotypes: Metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, recurrent, with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration (MIM#616878); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3396 | ZFYVE26 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: ZFYVE26: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34057829; Phenotypes: Spastic paraplegia 15, autosomal recessive MIM#270700; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3396 | ZDHHC9 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: ZDHHC9: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: Mental retardation, X-linked syndromic, Raymond typeMIM# 300799; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked syndromic, Raymond typeMIM# 300799; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3380 | XPC | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: XPC: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10447254; Phenotypes: Xeroderma pigmentosum, group C, MIM# 278720, MONDO:0010211; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3377 | WDR45 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: WDR45: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30842224, 23176820; Phenotypes: Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5, MIM# 300894, Rett syndrome, Rett-like phenotypes; Mode of inheritance: None; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3372 | SMARCAL1 |
Daniel Flanagan changed review comment from: Well-established gene-disease association; over 40 patients with biallelic mutations in SMARCAL1; Zebrafish and mouse models that recapitulates phenotype have been reported. This disorder combines abnormality of the immune and skeletal systems. Primary features include growth retardation (IUGR in 50%), renal failure, cerebral infarcts, skin pigmentation and CID (lymphocytopaenia, recurrent infections and/or T-cell immunodeficiency) beginning in childhood. GeneReviews: Short stature (99% of individuals) that typically manifests as a short neck and trunk with lumbar lordosis and a protruding abdomen.; to: Well-established gene-disease association; over 40 patients with biallelic mutations in SMARCAL1; Zebrafish and mouse models that recapitulates phenotype have been reported. This disorder combines abnormality of the immune and skeletal systems. Primary features include growth retardation (IUGR in 50%), renal failure, cerebral infarcts, skin pigmentation and CID (lymphocytopaenia, recurrent infections and/or T-cell immunodeficiency) beginning in childhood. GeneReviews: Short stature (99% of individuals) that typically manifests as a short neck and trunk with lumbar lordosis and a protruding abdomen. Most affected children have prenatal and postnatal disproportionate growth failure. A few have normal intrauterine growth followed by postnatal growth failure. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3290 | ICK |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 6 affected individuals from 2 Amish families reported originally (founder effect); another Turkish family reported since. However, renal cysts only reported in the Amish families, emerging ciliopathy gene, renal phenotype remains to be elucidated. Sources: Expert list; to: Ciliopathy phenotype. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3286 | SLC4A4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC4A4 were changed from PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS WITH OCULAR ABNORMALITIES to Renal tubular acidosis, proximal, with ocular abnormalities (MIM#604278) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3279 | CTNS | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: CTNS: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32564281, 20301574, 9537412, 31068690; Phenotypes: Cystinosis, late-onset juvenile or adolescent nephropathic MIM#219900, Cystinosis, nephropathic MIM#219800, Cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic MIM#219750; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3279 | SLC4A4 | Daniel Flanagan reviewed gene: SLC4A4: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10545938, 11274232; Phenotypes: Renal tubular acidosis, proximal, with ocular abnormalities (MIM#604278); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3279 | ZBTB24 |
Krithika Murali gene: ZBTB24 was added gene: ZBTB24 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZBTB24 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZBTB24 were set to 32865561; 21596365; 29023266; 32061411; 21906047; 28128455; 23739126; 22786748 Phenotypes for gene: ZBTB24 were set to Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome 2 - MIM#614069 Review for gene: ZBTB24 was set to GREEN Added comment: Well reported association with ICF2 (immunodeficiency-centromeric instability facial anomalies syndrome 2). Patients have immunodeficiency (mainly hypo/agammaglobulinemia in the presence of B cells), recurrent infections (namely respiratory and gastrointestinal) and dysmorphic facies. Although antenatal features not thoroughly described for published cases, low birth weight has been a reported feature as well as hypertelorism and micrognathia/retrognathia - these have the potential to be detected prenatally. PMID 32865561 Helfricht et al 2020 - "loss of ZBTB24 in B cells from mice and ICF2 patients affects nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) during immunoglobulin class-switch recombination and consequently impairs immunoglobulin production and isotype balance". PMID 32061411 Banday. et al 2020 - report a patient with this condition and granulomatous hepatitis. Review phenotype of previously reported patients, low birth weight and facial dysmorphism including micrognathia noted in other cases. PMID 29023266 Conrad et al 2017 - describe a 17 month old boy with recurrent infections, growth failure, facial anomalies (including hyperterlorism/low set ears), and inflammatory bowel disease. No antenatal information. PMID 28128455 van den Boogaard 2017 - 5 new patients described PMID 23739126 Nitta et al 2013 - report 3 unrelated patients, x1 patient - lower birth weight and head circumference. At age 5 had macrocephaly, hyperterlorism. Noted to have bilateral hydronephrosis. x1 patient BW 2660g, micrognathia, hyperterlorism. PMID 21906047 Chouery et al 2012 - 3 siblings from a Lebanese family with novel homozygous LoF variant. Apparently normal pregnancies, at time of diagnostic assessment HC between the 5th and 15th centiles, height below the 5th percentile. Dysmorphic features including high arched palate, small chin, retrognathism and everted lower lips. PMID 22786748 Cerbone et al 2012 - report an 8 year old M of consanguineous Moroccan ancestry with ID, dysmorphic features, cafe au last macules and a large arachnoid cyst in the right temporal region, causing compression of the temporal lobe and lateral ventricle PMID 21596365 de Greef et al 2011 - report 4 new unrelated patients, no antenatal information Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3243 | GRIN2D |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five unrelated individuals reported, two with recurrent variant (NM_000836.2:c.1999G>A or p.Val667Ile). GoF postulated as mechanism. Sources: Expert list; to: Five unrelated individuals reported, two with recurrent variant (NM_000836.2:c.1999G>A or p.Val667Ile). GoF postulated as mechanism. Clinical presentation is typically post-natal. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3235 | UQCC2 |
Krithika Murali gene: UQCC2 was added gene: UQCC2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UQCC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: UQCC2 were set to 24385928; 28804536 Phenotypes for gene: UQCC2 were set to Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 7 - MIM#615824 Review for gene: UQCC2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic variants associated with mitochondrial complex III deficiency. 2 unrelated families and variant-specific functional evidence/segregation information provided. PMID 24385928 Tucker et al 2013 - report a patient with homozygous splice site UQCC2 variants. Presented with severe intrauterine growth retardation, neonatal lactic acidosis and renal tubular dysfunction of consanguineous Lebanese ancestry. Supportive functional studies including using patient fibroblasts. PMID: 28804536 Feichtinger et al 2017 - report a second unrelated patient of consanguineous Turkish ancestry with UQCC2 deficiency, a female infant born at 32 weeks gestation after a a pregnancy complicated by IUGR and oligohydramnios. Followed by a fulminant postnatal course including respiratory distress syndrome, developed epileptic seizures progressing to status epilepticus, profound lactic acidosis with elevated urinary pyruvate and death at day 33 of life. Homozygous missense UQCC2 variants identified leading to a severe reduction of UQCC2 protein in patient's muscle and fibroblast cells. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3235 | CPS1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: CPS1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8486760, 17310273, 21120950; Phenotypes: Carbamoylphosphate synthetase I deficiency MIM#237300; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | PLCH1 |
Krithika Murali gene: PLCH1 was added gene: PLCH1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLCH1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PLCH1 were set to 33820834 Phenotypes for gene: PLCH1 were set to Holoprosencephaly spectrum; Severe developmental delay; Brain malformations Review for gene: PLCH1 was set to AMBER Added comment: No new published evidence since last PanelApp review April 2021 -- PMID: 33820834 (2021) - Two sibling pairs from two unrelated families with a holoprosencephaly spectrum phenotype and different homozygous PLCH1 variants (c.2065C>T, p.Arg689* and c.4235delA, p.Cys1079ValfsTer16, respectively). One family presented with congenital hydrocephalus, epilepsy, significant developmental delay and a monoventricle or fused thalami; while sibs from the second family had alobar holoprosencephaly and cyclopia. 3/4 individuals also displayed a cleft palate and congenital heart disease. Human embryo immunohistochemistry showed PLCH1 to be expressed in the notorcord, developing spinal cord (in a ventral to dorsal gradient), dorsal root ganglia, cerebellum and dermatomyosome. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | METTL23 |
Krithika Murali gene: METTL23 was added gene: METTL23 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: METTL23 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: METTL23 were set to 32878022; 32439618; 32067349; 24626631; 24501276 Phenotypes for gene: METTL23 were set to Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 44 - #615942 Review for gene: METTL23 was set to RED Added comment: Biallelic variants associated with syndromic ID. Published studies provide no or limited antenatal information with no consistent prenatal phenotype described. -- PMID: 32878022 – Khan et al 2020 - homozygous missense variants identified in consanguineous Pakistani family with 3 affected siblings having ID, epilepsy, behavioural issues, hypotonia and dysmorphic features (prominent large-size eyes, eyebrows, ears, short upturned nose with flat nasal bridge, and thin upper lip). Authors report that prenatal, perinatal and neonatal medical records of all patients were normal. PMID 32439618 – Smaili et al 2020 report two Moroccan siblings presenting with mild intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. WES identified homozygous METTL23 gene variants. Describe uneventful pregnancies and postnatal course. Macrocephaly reported in both siblings (HC 52cm in a 7 year old M and 50cm in 6 yo F) - no information regarding HC of parents provided, macrocephaly not a consistently reported feature of this condition. PMID: 32067349 – Almannai et al 2020 - 6 individuals from 4 families - 2 families unrelated, 2 families come from same Saudi tribe and are therefore likely to be distantly related with same homozygous METTL23 variant identified in both. No prenatal features or immediate postnatal issues described related to this condtion. One subject reported to have an MRI-B showing mild ventriculomegaly at a later age which may reflect mild white matter volume loss. This subject also had a 618 Kilobases duplication at 7p11.2 (57,261,112-57,878,853) identified on CGH array. PMID: 24626631 – Bernkopf 2014 - describe 2 unrelated families. Provide no antenatal information or report no issues antenatally/at birth apart from one baby being large and cyanosed postnatally PMID: 24501276 – Reiff et al 2014 - report 7 affected members of a large, consanguineous Arab family with ID and mild dysmorphic features. X1 patient had cleft uvula and submucosal cleft palate. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | SCN8A | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: SCN8A: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 13, MIM#614558, dominant and recessive, Myoclonus, familial, 2, MIM# 618364, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias, Cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia, MIM# 614306; Mode of inheritance: None; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | RFWD3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: RFWD3: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28691929; Phenotypes: Fanconi anemia, complementation group W, MIM# 617784; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | RAB39B | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: RAB39B: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34761259, 20159109, 25434005, 27066548, 26399558, 27943471, 28851564, 28851564, 29152164, 33880059, 27448726, 32670181; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 72 MIM#300271, Waisman syndrome MIM#311510; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | LRP6 |
Krithika Murali gene: LRP6 was added gene: LRP6 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LRP6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: LRP6 were set to 16126904; 30950205; 26387593; 26963285; 28813618; 29500247; 33164649; 34306029 Phenotypes for gene: LRP6 were set to Tooth agenesis, selective, 7 - MIM#616724; cleft lip/palate Review for gene: LRP6 was set to AMBER Added comment: LoF variants known to be associated with tooth agenesis. In addition, x2 unrelated families from 2 different studies with heterozygous LRP6 variant had tooth agenesis and cleft lip/palate (PMID 29500247; 26963285). Growth failure reported in some individuals but unclear if prenatal in onset (PMID 26963285). Minor finger/ear anomalies reported in x2 patients (PMID 26387593; 30950205)- unlikely to be detected antenatally and one of the reported patients (30950205) had x2 chromosome deletions, one of which involved LRP6 and multiple other genes. --- PMID: 34306029 Huang et al 2021 - Heterozygous LRP6: c.2570G > A (p.R857H), harbored by six members of a Chinese family, including 4 with tooth agenesis. Sparse hair another phenotypic feature. PMID: 33164649 Yu et al 2021 - identified 4 novel LRP6 heterozygous mutations in 4 of 77 oligodontia patients. One patient with a nonsense paternally inherited variant had a hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia phenotype - no antenatal features, father had oligodontia. Supportive functional evidence PMID: 29500247 Basha et al 2018 - Nonsense LRP6 variant identified in a family with cleft lip/palate. Proband had bilateral cleft lip and palate with missing upper lateral incisors, mother had bilateral cleft lip. x1 unaffected brother but family members not reassessed for oligodontia after variant identified. PMID: 28813618 Dinckan et al 2018 - heterozygous splice site LRP6 variant identified in 1 family with isolated tooth agenesis. Affected family members also had mild periocular hyperpigmentation and hypoplastic alae nasi - thought to be unrelated to phenotype PMID: 26963285 Ockeloen et al 2016 - frameshift variant identified in patient with tooth agenesis and orofacial clefting - boy born with bilateral cleft lip, L) sided cleft of the alveolus and complete cleft of the hard and soft palate. Also noted to have growth retardation, hypermetropia and small median alveolar manibular cleft. Maternal relatives with variant had severe tooth agenesis but no clefting. Canonical splice site variant identified in a patient with isolated severe tooth agenesis. Targeted resequencing showed statistically significant enrichment of unique LRP6 variants in tooth agenesis patients (7/67 versus 13/706 controls), not orofacial clefting cohort. 4/7 of these patients required growth hormone therapy and 3/7 had clinodactyly in addition to dental anomalies. PMID: 26387593 – Massink et al 2015 - x4 LoF heterozygous LRP6 variants identified in 4 unrelated families with isolated severe tooth agenesis. All affected members of one family showed minor anatomical variation of the ear and underdevelopment of the thumb PMID: 30950205 Ross et al 2019 - Proband with oligodontia and thrombocytopenia, also had mild finger and ear anomalies. Array revealed an interstitial loss of 150 kb in 8p23.1 encompassing MCPH1 and ANGPT2 and an interstitial loss of 290 kb in 12p13.2 encompassing ETV6, BCL2L14 and LRP6. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | PTCHD1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PTCHD1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33856728, 25131214; Phenotypes: intellectual disability MIM#300830; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | PSMB8 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PSMB8: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21129723, 21881205, 21852578, 21953331; Phenotypes: Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1, MIM# 256040, MONDO:0054698; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | PRSS12 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PRSS12: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12459588, 22090715, 23344636; Phenotypes: Intellectual disability, PRSS12 related MIM#249500; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | PRPS1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PRPS1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32781272, 24961627; Phenotypes: Arts syndrome MIM#301835; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | PPT1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PPT1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 7637805, 9425237, 9664077; Phenotypes: Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 1, MIM# 256730, MONDO:0009744; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | PPA2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PPA2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27523598, 34400813; Phenotypes: Sudden cardiac failure, alcohol-induced, 617223, Sudden cardiac failure, infantile, 617222; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | PLP1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PLP1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301361; Phenotypes: Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease MIM#312080, Spastic paraplegia 2, X-linked MIM#312920; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | LDB3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: LDB3: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26419279, 16427346, 14660611, 14662268, 27546599, 25911362; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1C, with or without LVNC MIM#601493, Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 24 MIM#601493, Left ventricular noncompaction 3 MIM#601493, Myopathy, myofibrillar, 4 MIM#609452; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | IL17RD | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IL17RD: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23643382, 32389901; Phenotypes: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 18 with or without anosmia, MIM# 615267; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3151 | IGSF1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IGSF1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26840047; Phenotypes: Hypothyroidism, central, and testicular enlargement MIM#300888; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3140 | INTS1 |
Krithika Murali gene: INTS1 was added gene: INTS1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: INTS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: INTS1 were set to 28542170; 30622326; 31428919 Phenotypes for gene: INTS1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with cataracts, poor growth, and dysmorphic facies - MIM#618571 Review for gene: INTS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 28542170 Oegema et al 2017 - 3 unrelated individuals with syndromic ID of Dutch ancestry showed the same homozygous truncating INTS1 mutation - 1/3 Cleft palate/lip, 1/3 renal malformation PMID: 30622326 – Krall et al 2019 - 5 patients from 4 families with biallelic sequence variants in INTS1. The patients manifested absent or severely limited speech, an abnormal gait, hypotonia and cataracts. Other phenotypic features included: o Micropthalmia – 2/5 o Frontal bossing 2/5 o Hypertelorism – 5/5 o Microretrognathia – 4/5 o Renal malformation 2/5 PMID: 31428919 – Zhang et al 2020 - 2 Chinese siblings with ID found to have INTST1 compound het variants, both had cataracts, facial dysmorphism, short stature, severe ID and anomalous genitalia Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3140 | HYAL2 |
Krithika Murali gene: HYAL2 was added gene: HYAL2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HYAL2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HYAL2 were set to 34906488; 28081210; 23172227; 26515055 Phenotypes for gene: HYAL2 were set to Cleft lip and palate; cor triatriatum; congenital cardiac malformations Review for gene: HYAL2 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 28081210 Muggenthaler et al 2017 - 2 unrelated consanguineous extended families (Amish and Arab) with an orofacial clefting phenotype with cardiac anomalies PMID 34906488 Fasham et al 2021 - report 10 additional individuals from 6 unrelated families (Amish x2 - same founder variant as in previous study, Romanian, Italian, Northern European ancestry) Combined reported phenotypic features of 17 individuals from both studies most relevant in the prenatal setting include: • Hyperterlorism 13/16 • External ear anomalies – 11/14 • Cleft lip/palate – 10/17 • Micrognathia – 9/14 • Cardiac anomalies 12/17 Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3140 | FTO |
Krithika Murali gene: FTO was added gene: FTO was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FTO was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FTO were set to 19559399; 26378117 Phenotypes for gene: FTO were set to Growth retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism - MIM#612938; multiple congenital malformations Review for gene: FTO was set to AMBER Added comment: Biallelic variants associated with syndromic ID reported in 2 unrelated families. PMID: 26378117 Daoud et al 2016 - homozygous missense variant identified in a female proband. 3rd child to consanguineous Tunisian parents. Proband also carried a paternally inherited balanced translocation. Antenatal USS identified IUGR. Postnatal Echo showed PDA and hypertrabeculation of LV apex. PMID 19559399 Boissel et al 2009 - homozygous missense variant identified in 9 affected individuals from a consanguineous Palestinian Arab family. Phenotypic features identified most pertinent to the prenatal setting include: 3/7 IUGR, 7/7 retrognathia, congenital heart disease 6/8, lissencephaly 3/8, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 4/8, hydrocephalus 4/8, cleft palate/bifid uvula 3/6. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3140 | ANKRD17 |
Krithika Murali gene: ANKRD17 was added gene: ANKRD17 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKRD17 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ANKRD17 were set to 33909992 Phenotypes for gene: ANKRD17 were set to Chopra-Amiel-Gordon syndrome - MIM#619504; multiple congenital malformations Review for gene: ANKRD17 was set to GREEN Added comment: 33909992 - Chopra et al 2021 reported 34 individuals from 33 families with a syndromic ID Multiple cases with antenatal anomalies or features detectable antenatally reported - 3/34 with cleft lip and/or palate (including 2 with Pierre Robin sequence) - 1/34 retrognathia - 5/34 renal anomalies including 3 with unilateral renal agenesis and 1 with antenatal diagnosis of horseshoe kidney - 2/34 microcephaly - 4/34 macrocephaly (1 noted on 37/40 antenatal USS to have macrocephaly and enlarged cisterna magna, 1 also had NSD1 variant) - 5/34 IUGR/fetal growth concerns -1/34 with VSD Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3140 | ROBO3 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: ROBO3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16525029, 15105459; Phenotypes: Gaze palsy, familial horizontal, with progressive scoliosis, 1 MIM#607313; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3138 | RMND1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: RMND1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23022099, 25604853, 27843092; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 11 MIM#614922; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3125 | PREPL |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PREPL: Added comment: At least six unrelated individuals and bi-allelic variants of this gene; however, several are said to have normal EMG/nerve conduction studies, therefore uncertain if this is truly a myasthenic syndrome. In addition, different recessive contiguous gene deletion syndromes involving PREPL and a variable combination of SLC3A1 (hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome), CAMKMT (atypical hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome), and PPM1B (2p21 deletion syndrome) have been described. Presentation for these is post-natal.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 29483676, 28726805, 24610330, 27472506 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3123 | POP1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Anauxetic dysplasia is a spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia characterized by severe short stature of prenatal onset, very short adult height (less than 1 meter), hypodontia, midface hypoplasia, and mild intellectual disability.; to: Anauxetic dysplasia is a spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia characterized by severe short stature of prenatal onset, very short adult height (less than 1 meter), hypodontia, midface hypoplasia, and mild intellectual disability. At least 4 unrelated families reported. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3123 | POP1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Primarily a skeletal dysplasia, mild LD described in some but overall I don't think this is the right panel.; to: Anauxetic dysplasia is a spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia characterized by severe short stature of prenatal onset, very short adult height (less than 1 meter), hypodontia, midface hypoplasia, and mild intellectual disability. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3123 | POLE | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: POLE were changed from severe growth failure of prenatal onset; IUGR; FILS syndrome, 615139; facial dysmorphism, immunodeficiency, livedo, and short stature (FILS) to IMAGE-I syndrome 618336 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3106 | RPS29 |
Krithika Murali gene: RPS29 was added gene: RPS29 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS29 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RPS29 were set to 24829207 Phenotypes for gene: RPS29 were set to Diamond-Blackfan anemia 13 - MIM#615909 Review for gene: RPS29 was set to AMBER Added comment: 2 unrelated families reported with Diamond Blackfan anaemia. DBA known to be associated with congenital malformations. 1 affected individual reported in this publication to have congenital aortic stenosis and Sprengel deformity. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3106 | RPS28 |
Krithika Murali gene: RPS28 was added gene: RPS28 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS28 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RPS28 were set to 24942156 Phenotypes for gene: RPS28 were set to Diamond Blackfan anemia 15 with mandibulofacial dysostosis - MIM#606164 Review for gene: RPS28 was set to AMBER Added comment: 2 unrelated families reported in 2014. Antenatally detectable phenotypic features included cleft palate, micrognathia, cardiac, auricular and renal anomalies Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3084 | PNPLA6 |
Krithika Murali gene: PNPLA6 was added gene: PNPLA6 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PNPLA6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PNPLA6 were set to 35069422; 33818269; 25299038; 33210227; 33141049; 32758583; 32586184 Phenotypes for gene: PNPLA6 were set to Oliver-McFarlane syndrome - MIM#275400 Review for gene: PNPLA6 was set to AMBER Added comment: Heterogenous group of neurodegenerative conditions associated with biallelic PNPLA6 gene variants with childhood or adult onset symptoms. Oliver-McFarlane syndrome (OMFS) though is a rare congenital disorder characterised by trichomegaly, severe chorioretinal atrophy and multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. Congenital hypogonadism is present in half of patients. Low birth weight, preterm delivery and being small for gestational age has been reported as a feature of OMFS. One case of microcephaly has been reported. Overall, limited prenatal phenotypic information for all reported cases of OMFS but associated growth restriction has the potential to be detected antenatally. -- 33818269 - report two unrelated patients with Oliver McFarlane syndrome with biallelic PNPLA6 variants who were born pre-term and small for gestational age. 32758583 Liu et al 2020 - report one boy with Oliver McFarlane syndrome diagnosed with microcephaly and small for gestational age after delivery at 35 weeks. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3050 | LRPPRC | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LRPPRC were changed from LEIGH SYNDROME, FRENCH-CANADIAN TYPE to Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 5, (French-Canadian) MIM#220111 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3031 | PYROXD1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: PYROXD1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30345904, 30515627, 27745833; Phenotypes: Myopathy, myofibrillar, 8 (MIM#617258); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3031 | PYGM | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: PYGM: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 1701414, 8316268, 17915571, 17994553, 21880526; Phenotypes: McArdle disease, MIM# 232600; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3031 | PTPN14 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: PTPN14: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20826270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mgene.2017.07.006; Phenotypes: Choanal atresia and lymphedema MIM#613611; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3031 | PRKAG2 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: PRKAG2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15877279, 17667862, 32646569; Phenotypes: Glycogen storage disease of heart, lethal congenital MIM#261740; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3031 | PPP3CA | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: PPP3CA: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29432562, 28942967, 28942967; Phenotypes: Arthrogryposis, cleft palate, craniosynostosis, and impaired intellectual development MIM#618265, Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 91 617711; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3031 | POLR1A | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: POLR1A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25913037, 28051070; Phenotypes: Acrofacial dysostosis, Cincinnati type, (MIM#616462); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3031 | POLG2 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: POLG2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16685652, 21555342, 27592148, 31778857; Phenotypes: Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 4, MIM# 610131, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 16 , MIM# 618528; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3031 | PLCB4 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: PLCB4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22560091, 23315542, 33131036, 32201334, 28328130, 27007857, 23913798; Phenotypes: Auriculocondylar syndrome 2, MIM# 614669; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.3006 | PGM3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) protein catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6-P) to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1-P), which is required for the synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) an important precursor for protein glycosylation. Bi-allelic variants in this gene are associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterised by onset of recurrent infections, usually respiratory or cutaneous, in early childhood. Immune workup usually shows neutropenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE or IgA. Neutrophil chemotactic defects have also been reported. Infectious agents include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Many patients develop atopic dermatitis, eczema, and other signs of autoinflammation. Affected individuals may also show developmental delay or cognitive impairment of varying severity. More than 10 unrelated families reported. Typically presents post-natally.; to: Phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) protein catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6-P) to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1-P), which is required for the synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) an important precursor for protein glycosylation. Bi-allelic variants in this gene are associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterised by onset of recurrent infections, usually respiratory or cutaneous, in early childhood. Immune workup usually shows neutropenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE or IgA. Neutrophil chemotactic defects have also been reported. Infectious agents include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Many patients develop atopic dermatitis, eczema, and other signs of autoinflammation. Affected individuals may also show developmental delay or cognitive impairment of varying severity. More than 10 unrelated families reported. Typically presents post-natally. However, more severe presentations with skeletal abnormalities and congenital malformations reported in PMID 28543917 and 24931394. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.3003 | PGM3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) protein catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6-P) to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1-P), which is required for the synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) an important precursor for protein glycosylation. Bi-allelic variants in this gene are associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterised by onset of recurrent infections, usually respiratory or cutaneous, in early childhood. Immune workup usually shows neutropenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE or IgA. Neutrophil chemotactic defects have also been reported. Infectious agents include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Many patients develop atopic dermatitis, eczema, and other signs of autoinflammation. Affected individuals may also show developmental delay or cognitive impairment of varying severity. More than 10 unrelated families reported.; to: Phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) protein catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6-P) to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1-P), which is required for the synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) an important precursor for protein glycosylation. Bi-allelic variants in this gene are associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterised by onset of recurrent infections, usually respiratory or cutaneous, in early childhood. Immune workup usually shows neutropenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE or IgA. Neutrophil chemotactic defects have also been reported. Infectious agents include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Many patients develop atopic dermatitis, eczema, and other signs of autoinflammation. Affected individuals may also show developmental delay or cognitive impairment of varying severity. More than 10 unrelated families reported. Typically presents post-natally. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2993 | PDE6D |
Krithika Murali gene: PDE6D was added gene: PDE6D was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PDE6D was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PDE6D were set to 30423442; 24166846 Phenotypes for gene: PDE6D were set to Joubert syndrome 22 - MIM#615665 Review for gene: PDE6D was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic variants associated with Joubert syndrome identified in 2 families. Antenatal detection possible. 30423442 Megarbane et al 2018 Report homozygous truncating PDE6D variant in a male infant with post-axial polydactyly noted at birth on all extremities. Brain MRI at 6 months of age showed cerebellar vermis agenesis, hypoplastic corpus callosum, cortical atrophy of the temporal lobes and molar tooth sign. PMID 24166846 Thomas et al 2014 report a consanguineous family with three affected and 2 healthy sibs. Features noted in both liveborn children: - 1/2 IUGR - 1/2 facial dysmorphism - 2/2 postaxial polydactyly - 1/2 syndactyly - 1/2 renal hypoplasia - 2/2 microphthalmia - 1/2 supportive MRI-B features - 1/2 coloboma 3rd sibling is a male fetus terminated at 14 weeks gestation following findings of brain anomalies and polydactyly. Supportive animal models Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2987 | PET100 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Founder effect in 6 Australian families of Lebanese origin (M1?) reported originally; functional data. Second family with different variants also reported; and another 2 Lebanese families with same founder variant.; to: Founder effect in 6 Australian families of Lebanese origin (M1?) reported originally; functional data. Second family with different variants also reported; and another 2 Lebanese families with same founder variant. IUGR is a feature. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2974 | PACS1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Multiple individuals reported with recurrent p.Arg203Trp variant; in vitro assays is suggestive of dominant-negative disease mechanism; to: Multiple individuals reported with recurrent p.Arg203Trp variant; in vitro assays is suggestive of dominant-negative disease mechanism Brain, cardiac and renal abnormalities reported. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2957 | NTRK2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Three unrelated individuals reported with this phenotype. Note recurrent missense in this gene also causes EE. Sources: Expert list; to: Clinical presentation for both disorders is typically post-natal. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2951 | PDSS2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PDSS2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29032433, 25349199, 17186472, 21723727, 10972372; Phenotypes: Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 3 MIM#614652; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2951 | PDHX | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PDHX: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20002125 34873726 33092611 30981218 25087164 22766002; Phenotypes: Lacticacidemia due to PDX1 deficiency MIM#245349; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2951 | NT5C3A | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NT5C3A: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11369620, 12714505, 30951028, 25153905; Phenotypes: Anaemia, haemolytic, due to UMPH1 deficiency, MIM# 266120; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2951 | NDUFV1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NDUFV1: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34807224; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 4 MIM#618225; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2950 | NDUFS8 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NDUFS8: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23430795, 9837812, 15159508, 22499348, 20818383, 20819849; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 2 MIM#618222; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2948 | NDUFS7 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NDUFS7: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17604671, 17275378, 10360771; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 3 MIM#618224; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2948 | NDUFS7 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NDUFS7: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34797029; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 3 MIM#618224; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2948 | NDUFA1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NDUFA1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29506883, 19185523, 17262856, 21596602; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 12 MIM#301020; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2948 | MYO5A | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MYO5A: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32275080, 22711375, 25283056; Phenotypes: Griscelli syndrome, type 1 MIM#214450; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2948 | LTBP2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: LTBP2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19656777, 19361779, 20617341, 32165823, 30380740, 30565850; Phenotypes: Glaucoma 3, primary congenital, D 613086, Microspherophakia and/or megalocornea, with ectopia lentis and with or without secondary glaucoma, MIM# 251750; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2946 | LRPPRC | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: LRPPRC: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32972427, 26510951, 21266382; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 5, (French-Canadian) MIM#220111; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2939 | LMOD1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: LMOD1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28292896; Phenotypes: Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 3, MIM# 619362; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2939 | LEMD3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: LEMD3: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome MIM#166700, Osteopoikilosis with or without melorheostosis MIM#166700; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2939 | ITPR1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: ITPR1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27108797, 31340402, 30242502, 29169895; Phenotypes: Spinocerebellar ataxia 15 MIM#606658, Spinocerebellar ataxia 29, congenital nonprogressive MIM#117360, Gillespie syndrome, MIM# 206700; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2921 | SOX18 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SOX18 were changed from Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome, MONDO:0011914; Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome, OMIM:137940; Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome, MONDO:0019073; Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome, OMIM:607823 to Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome, MIM# 607823; Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome, MIM# 137940 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2892 | UROS |
Krithika Murali gene: UROS was added gene: UROS was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UROS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: UROS were set to 34187847; 34828434; 15065102 Phenotypes for gene: UROS were set to Porphyria, congenital erythropoietic - MIM#263700; hydrops fetalis; multiple congenital anomalies Review for gene: UROS was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic variants associated with congenital erytropoietic porphyria (CEP). PMID 34187847 Khalouaoui A et al 2021 report one infant with CEP secondary to homozygous UROS variants. Prenatal ultrasound at 25 weeks of gestation revealed an increased nuchal translucency and myocardial hypertrophy. PMID: 34828434 Arnaud et al 2021 - report one fetus miscarried in the 2nd trimester with 22 weeks ultrasound showing hyperechogenic small intestine with short femurs. Subsequent pregnancy MTOP after antenatal USS showed hygroma coli, ascites, short femurs, double outlet right ventricle. Genomic sequencing on stored fetal DNA samples confirmed homozygous UROS p.Cys73Arg variants in both fetuses. PMID 15065102 Lazebnik et al 2004 reported the prenatal findings of two siblings with CEP secondary to homozygous pathogenic C73R variants. 1st child - USS at 17.5 weeks gestation showed increased nuchal thickness (9.7mm) with mild ascites, pericardial effusion, and skin oedema which persisted on subsequent scans. 2nd child - 16 week USS showed increased nuchal thickness (8.7mm) with scalp oedema, ascites, pericardial effusion, skin oedema and hepatomegaly. Other cases with antenatal features, particularly non-immune hydrops, secondary to suspected CEP reported but not confirmed molecularly. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2892 | LAMB2 |
Krithika Murali gene: LAMB2 was added gene: LAMB2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMB2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LAMB2 were set to 16450351 Phenotypes for gene: LAMB2 were set to Pierson syndrome-MIM#609049; Nephrotic syndrome, type 5, with or without ocular abnormalities-MIM#614199 Review for gene: LAMB2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Biallelic variants associated with Pierson syndrome. Phenotypic features include congenital nephrotic syndrome, ocular anomalies including microcoria. Most affected individuals die early from renal disease with survivors tending to have ID/visual loss. Prenatal features reported in 1 consanguineous Turkish family with 4 pregnancies affected by Pierson syndrome. Antenatal ultrasound features noted include: - 2/4 homogenous hyperechogenicity of the kidneys similar to bone tissue - 2/4 enlargement of fetal kidneys - 2/4 bilateral pyelectasis - 1/4 oligohydramnios --> anhydramnios - 1/4 hydrops - 1/4 ancencephaly All 4 fetuses had ultrasound anomalies. Anencephaly seen in the 4th pregnancy noted at 11 weeks resulting in MTOP. Homozygosity for LAMB2 variant confirmed. PM showed that kidneys were appropriate for gestational age. I could not find another case report of anencephaly with Pierson syndrome, this may be an incidental finding. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2849 | HS2ST1 |
Krithika Murali gene: HS2ST1 was added gene: HS2ST1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HS2ST1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HS2ST1 were set to 33159882 Phenotypes for gene: HS2ST1 were set to Neurofacioskeletal syndrome with or without renal agenesis-MIM#619194; multiple congenital anomalies; arthrogryposis Review for gene: HS2ST1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 33159882 - Scheenberger et al 2020 Biallelic HS2ST1 variants associated with disease reported in 4 affected individuals from 3 unrelated families, including one affected fetus with arthrogryposis, skeletal anomalies, bilateral renal agenesis. Other congenital anomalies reported include agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2846 | FLNC |
Krithika Murali changed review comment from: ClinGen definitive gene-disease validation for myofibrillar myopathy type 5 and dilated cardiomyopathy. Predominantly adult onset phenotype, AD inheritance. 4 unrelated cases with likely de novo FLNC variants presenting with congenital myopathy and arthrogryposis have also been reported which are features amenable to antenatal detection. PMID 29858533 Kiselev et al reported 4 unrelated patients with early onset myopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy. 3/4 also presented with arthrogryposis. x1 patient required delivery via CS due to breech presentation and at birth was noted to have arthrogryposis and hip dysplasia - de novo FLNC variant confirmed. RCM diagnosed age 2 x1 patient noted to have IUGR in a pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia. At birth was noted to have arthrogryposis, hip subluxation and abdominal wall weakness with herniation. RCM diagnosed age 6 months. Variant not present in unaffected mother, paternal DNA unavailable. x1 patient required CS delivery due to insufficient rotation in birth canal. Noted to have arthrogryposis at birth. Variant confirmed to be de novo x1 patient presented with muscle weakness first year of life, RCM age 3. Parents declined genetic testing. --- Other cases of interest PMID 30260051 Schubert et al 2018 - report two restrictive cardiomyopathy families with childhood onset disease with age 1 being the earliest age of diagnosis in a DCDA monozygotic twin who was also diagnosed with a small VSD perinatally. Both twins were also noted to have extra-cardiac manifestations at the time of diagnosis including developmental delay, hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features, and clasped thumbs with onset of kidney dysfunction age 3 post-cardiac transplant. PMID: 32516863 – Kolbel et al 2020 report one neonate with homozygous FLNC variant c.1325C>G (p.Pro442Arg). Absent from gnomad. Presented with weak suck first month of life with subsequent motor development delay, generalised muscular hypotonia, contractures. Variant confirmed in both unaffected parents. Authors postulate this is a novel case of homozygous FLNC variants associated with congenital presentation. This is a single case report, only heterozygous variants reported so far including in congenital presentations, both parents with het variants unaffected. Possibility of an alternative genetic explanation for this patient's presentation not excluded. Sources: Literature; to: ClinGen definitive gene-disease validation for myofibrillar myopathy type 5 and dilated cardiomyopathy. Predominantly adult onset phenotype, AD inheritance. 4 unrelated cases with likely de novo FLNC variants presenting with congenital myopathy and arthrogryposis have also been reported. These features/complications of these features are amenable to antenatal detection. PMID 29858533 Kiselev et al reported 4 unrelated patients with early onset myopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy. 3/4 also presented with arthrogryposis. x1 patient required delivery via CS due to breech presentation and at birth was noted to have arthrogryposis and hip dysplasia - de novo FLNC variant confirmed. RCM diagnosed age 2 x1 patient noted to have IUGR in a pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia. At birth was noted to have arthrogryposis, hip subluxation and abdominal wall weakness with herniation. RCM diagnosed age 6 months. Variant not present in unaffected mother, paternal DNA unavailable. x1 patient required CS delivery due to insufficient rotation in birth canal. Noted to have arthrogryposis at birth. Variant confirmed to be de novo x1 patient presented with muscle weakness first year of life, RCM age 3. Parents declined genetic testing. --- Other cases of interest PMID 30260051 Schubert et al 2018 - report two restrictive cardiomyopathy families with childhood onset disease with age 1 being the earliest age of diagnosis in a DCDA monozygotic twin who was also diagnosed with a small VSD perinatally. Both twins were also noted to have extra-cardiac manifestations at the time of diagnosis including developmental delay, hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features, and clasped thumbs with onset of kidney dysfunction age 3 post-cardiac transplant. PMID: 32516863 – Kolbel et al 2020 report one neonate with homozygous FLNC variant c.1325C>G (p.Pro442Arg). Absent from gnomad. Presented with weak suck first month of life with subsequent motor development delay, generalised muscular hypotonia, contractures. Variant confirmed in both unaffected parents. Authors postulate this is a novel case of homozygous FLNC variants associated with congenital presentation. This is a single case report, only heterozygous variants reported so far including in congenital presentations, both parents with het variants unaffected. Possibility of an alternative genetic explanation for this patient's presentation not excluded. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2846 | FLNC |
Krithika Murali gene: FLNC was added gene: FLNC was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FLNC was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FLNC were set to 29858533; 30260051; 32516863 Phenotypes for gene: FLNC were set to Arthrogryposis; congenital myopathy; Cardiomyopathy, familial restrictive 5 - MIM #617047; Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 26 -MIM# 617047; Myopathy, distal, 4 - #614065; Myopathy, myofibrillar, 5 - MIM#609524 Review for gene: FLNC was set to GREEN Added comment: ClinGen definitive gene-disease validation for myofibrillar myopathy type 5 and dilated cardiomyopathy. Predominantly adult onset phenotype, AD inheritance. 4 unrelated cases with likely de novo FLNC variants presenting with congenital myopathy and arthrogryposis have also been reported which are features amenable to antenatal detection. PMID 29858533 Kiselev et al reported 4 unrelated patients with early onset myopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy. 3/4 also presented with arthrogryposis. x1 patient required delivery via CS due to breech presentation and at birth was noted to have arthrogryposis and hip dysplasia - de novo FLNC variant confirmed. RCM diagnosed age 2 x1 patient noted to have IUGR in a pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia. At birth was noted to have arthrogryposis, hip subluxation and abdominal wall weakness with herniation. RCM diagnosed age 6 months. Variant not present in unaffected mother, paternal DNA unavailable. x1 patient required CS delivery due to insufficient rotation in birth canal. Noted to have arthrogryposis at birth. Variant confirmed to be de novo x1 patient presented with muscle weakness first year of life, RCM age 3. Parents declined genetic testing. --- Other cases of interest PMID 30260051 Schubert et al 2018 - report two restrictive cardiomyopathy families with childhood onset disease with age 1 being the earliest age of diagnosis in a DCDA monozygotic twin who was also diagnosed with a small VSD perinatally. Both twins were also noted to have extra-cardiac manifestations at the time of diagnosis including developmental delay, hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features, and clasped thumbs with onset of kidney dysfunction age 3 post-cardiac transplant. PMID: 32516863 – Kolbel et al 2020 report one neonate with homozygous FLNC variant c.1325C>G (p.Pro442Arg). Absent from gnomad. Presented with weak suck first month of life with subsequent motor development delay, generalised muscular hypotonia, contractures. Variant confirmed in both unaffected parents. Authors postulate this is a novel case of homozygous FLNC variants associated with congenital presentation. This is a single case report, only heterozygous variants reported so far including in congenital presentations, both parents with het variants unaffected. Possibility of an alternative genetic explanation for this patient's presentation not excluded. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2823 | ACP5 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: ACP5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26854080, 26951490, 21217755, 26789720, 2363422, 21217752; Phenotypes: Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation, OMIM# 607944; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2823 | ACAN | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: ACAN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24762113, 27870580, 19110214, 30124491, 28331218, 20137779; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, aggrecan type, OMIM# 612813, Short stature and advanced bone age, with or without early-onset osteoarthritis and/or osteochondritis dissecans, OMIM# 165800; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2799 | MCOLN1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MCOLN1: Added comment: Prenatal presentations with brain abnormalities reported.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 33963976 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2795 | MAPRE2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MAPRE2 were changed from Symmetric circumferential skin creases, congenital, 2, 616734 to Symmetric circumferential skin creases, congenital, 2, MIM#616734 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2766 | LMX1B |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is an autosomal-dominant disease characterized by dysplastic nails, absent or hypoplastic patellae, elbow dysplasia, and iliac horns. Varying degrees of proteinuria or hematuria are present, and can occasionally progress to chronic renal failure. >300 families reported.; to: Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is an autosomal-dominant disease characterized by dysplastic nails, absent or hypoplastic patellae, elbow dysplasia, and iliac horns. Varying degrees of proteinuria or hematuria are present, and can occasionally progress to chronic renal failure. >300 families reported. Prenatal presentations with abnormal limb movement reported. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2756 | ERGIC1 |
Krithika Murali gene: ERGIC1 was added gene: ERGIC1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ERGIC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ERGIC1 were set to 28317099; 34037256; 31230720 Phenotypes for gene: ERGIC1 were set to Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 2, neurogenic type; OMIM # 208100 Review for gene: ERGIC1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Recent Panelapp review by Z. Stark Oct 2021 - no new publications since --- Pehlivan et al. 2019 (PMID:31230720) identified the third case of arthrogryposis in a child who harboured a previously unreported homozygous variant (c.782G>A; p.Gly261Asp) in this gene. Parents were heterozygous carriers. Functional studies were not performed. Created: 14 Oct 2021, 7:23 a.m. | Last Modified: 14 Oct 2021, 7:23 a.m. Panel Version: 0.9373 Reinstein et al. (2018) used WES in a large consanguineous Israeli Arab kindred consisting of 16 patients affected with the neurogenic type of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. They identified a homozygous missense (V98E) mutation in ERGIC1 gene, which segregated with the disorder in the kindred, and was not found in the ExAC database or in 212 ethnically matched controls. Functional studies of the variant and studies of patient cells were not performed. ERGIC1 encodes a cycling membrane protein which has a possible role in transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Marconi et al (2021) used genome sequencing in a consanguineous family with 2 affected siblings presenting congenital arthrogryposis and some facial dysmorphism. They identified a homozygous 22.6 Kb deletion encompassing the promoter and first exon of ERGIC1. mRNA quantification showed the complete absence of ERGIC1 expression in the two affected siblings and a decrease in heterozygous parents. Sources: Literature Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2712 | HYAL1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HYAL1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IX, MIM# 601492, MONDO:0011093; Phenotypes: 10339581, 18344557, 21559944; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2712 | FMN1 |
Krithika Murali gene: FMN1 was added gene: FMN1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FMN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FMN1 were set to 20610440; 19383632; 15202026 Phenotypes for gene: FMN1 were set to oligosyndactyly; radioulnar synostosis; hearing loss; renal defects Review for gene: FMN1 was set to AMBER Added comment: No OMIM gene-disease association. No additional evidence since last review of this gene in Sep 2021. PMID 20610440 - a 263 Kb homozygous deletion of FMN1 reported in an individual with oligosyndactyly, radioulnar synostosis, hearing loss and renal defects. Supporting null mouse model with oligosyndactyly. A large duplication including FMN1 and GREM1 reported in another individual with Cenani–Lenz syndrome. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2712 | HSD17B10 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HSD17B10: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: HSD10 mitochondrial disease, MIM# 300438; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2712 | HPGD | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HPGD: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20406614, 32282352, 31878983, 29282707; Phenotypes: Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal recessive 1 MIM#259100, Cranioosteoarthropathy MIM#259100; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2712 | FAT1 |
Krithika Murali gene: FAT1 was added gene: FAT1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FAT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FAT1 were set to 30862798; 26905694; 34202629; 34013115; 33418956; 32902815 Phenotypes for gene: FAT1 were set to multiple congenital anomalies; nephropathy; ocular anomalies; hand and foot anomalies Review for gene: FAT1 was set to GREEN Added comment: No OMIM gene-disease association, but multiple affected individuals from unrelated families reported with biallelic FAT1 variants and syndromic features consisting of ocular anomalies, hand/foot malformations and nephropathy. Although diagnosis antenatally not yet reported, some phenotypic features are detectable antenatally. PMID: 30862798 Larouchi et al 2019 - homozygous frameshift FAT1 variants identified in 10 affected individuals from 5 unrelated consanguineous families. The patients presented with syndromic features including ocular anomalies (ptosis, microphthalmia, coloboma, amblyopia), nephropathy (FSGS, proteinuria, haematuria), toe syndactyly and facial dysmorphism. Animal models showing that deletion of Fat1 leads to coloboma in mouse and zebrafish. PMID 26905694 Gee et al 2016 – report recessive mutations in FAT1 in four unrelated consanguineous families with a combination of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, tubular ectasia, haematuria and variable neurodevelopmental findings such ID, polymicrogyria and hydrocephalus. X1 child with pulmonary stenosis. PMID: 34202629 Peluso et al 2021 – Homozygous FAT1 frameshift variant NM_005245.4:c.9729del identified in a child of consanguineous parents with bilateral anophthalmia and hand/foot malformations including - right split foot with 4 toes, 5 metacarpals, second toe duplication and preaxial polydactyly on the right hand. Patient also had congenital heart defects including VSD, ASD and bicuspid aortic valve. Proband also had a microarray which detected a maternally inherited 350 kb 15q26.3 duplication including OMIM morbid gene CERS3 (AR condition) and part of the OMIM morbid gene ADAMTS17 (AR condition). Mother healthy, CNV unrelated to patient’s phenotype. PMID: 34013115 Fabretti et al 2021 – report 4 patients with biallelic FAT1 variants from 3 unrelated families with syndactyly, ophthalmologic and renal phenotype consistent with previously reported cases. PMID: 33418956 Haug et al 2021 - Genetic analysis showed that proband with phenotypic features consistent with other reported cases was compound heterozygous for a frameshift FAT1 variant and 1.8Mb 4q35.2 del including FAT1. PMID: 32902815 Rossanti et al 2021 – Biallelic FAT1 variants reported in a child with isolated mild proteinuria and no syndromic features Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2712 | GLMN | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GLMN: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Glomuvenous malformations MIM#138000; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2712 | GK | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GK: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Glycerol kinase deficiency MIM#307030; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2712 | GDI1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GDI1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 41 MIM#300849; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2712 | GAMT | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GAMT: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 2 MIM#612736; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2711 | ANGPT2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ANGPT2 was added gene: ANGPT2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ANGPT2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ANGPT2 were set to 34876502; 32908006 Phenotypes for gene: ANGPT2 were set to Hydrops; Lymphatic malformation-10, MIM#619369 Review for gene: ANGPT2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Mono-allelic disease: association with lymphoedema in 5 unrelated individuals PMID 32908006 Bi-allelic disease PMID 34876502: single family reported with four fetuses with hydrops fetalis homozygous for ANGPT2 NM_001147.2:c.557A>G. The consanguineous parents and surviving sibblings (a girl and a boy), were heterozygous for this variant. This variant is predicted to create a cryptic exonic splice site, resulting in a r.557_566del and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. This prediction was supported by the lack of a transcript from this allele in the parents. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2710 | NMNAT2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NMNAT2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31136762, 31132363, 25271157, 20126265; Phenotypes: Hydrops fetalis and multiple fetal anomalies, polyneuropathy, erythromelalgia; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2710 | NKX6-2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NKX6-2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28575651, 15601927, 32246862, 32004679; Phenotypes: Spastic ataxia 8, autosomal recessive, with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, MIM# 617560, MONDO:0033043; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2710 | NECTIN1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NECTIN1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25913853, 10932188; Phenotypes: Cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome MIM#225060, Zlotogora-Ogur syndrome; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2676 | PAK3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association, over 20 families reported. PMID: 31943058 (2020) - Animal mouse model with a hemizygous variant (p.R67C) in the Pak3 gene, recapitulated some features of the human ID phenotype. Mutant male mice exhibited impairments in long-term spatial memory and pattern separation function, suggestive of altered hippocampal neurogenesis. Analysing critical periods of hippocampal neurogenesis revealed dysfunctional maturation and learning-associated recruitment, as well as accelerated death of selective populations of adult-born hippocampal neurons - offering a possible mechanism to the observed cognitive impairments.; to: Well established gene-disease association, over 20 families reported. Prenatal presentation with agenesis of corpus callosum reported, PMID 31843706. PMID: 31943058 (2020) - Animal mouse model with a hemizygous variant (p.R67C) in the Pak3 gene, recapitulated some features of the human ID phenotype. Mutant male mice exhibited impairments in long-term spatial memory and pattern separation function, suggestive of altered hippocampal neurogenesis. Analysing critical periods of hippocampal neurogenesis revealed dysfunctional maturation and learning-associated recruitment, as well as accelerated death of selective populations of adult-born hippocampal neurons - offering a possible mechanism to the observed cognitive impairments. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2665 | NDUFB11 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NDUFB11: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30423443, 25772934, 28050600); Phenotypes: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 30 MIM#301021; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2665 | NAGLU | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NAGLU: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8650226; Phenotypes: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (Sanfilippo B), MIM# 252920; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2665 | WNT5A | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: LD/ID reported in ~20% according to this cohort/literature review.; to: Robinow syndrome is characterized by dysmorphic features resembling a fetal face, mesomelic limb shortening, hypoplastic external genitalia in males, and renal and vertebral anomalies. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2597 | HAND2 |
Krithika Murali edited their review of gene: HAND2: Added comment: No OMIM gene disease association. Borderline red-amber gene. PMID: 26676105 Lu et al 2016 - 145 unrelated patients with CHD, Han Chinese descent versus 200 unrelated controls had HAND2 gene sequencing. In x1 patient with ToF hetrozygous HAND2 c.140T>C p.L47P variant identified, parents unaffected, variant reported to be de novo but paternity not confirmed. Absent from gnomad, x1 het synonymous variant in this position only. Functional analysis showed reduced transcriptional activity PMID: 32134193 Cohen et al 2020 - 31-month-old male with unicommissural unicuspid aortic valve, moderate aortic stenosis, and mild pulmonic stenosis. CMA identified 546kb deletion on chr 4q34.1 (174364195-174910239[GRCh37/hg19]). Deletion encompasses exons 1 and 2 of SCRG1, HAND2, and HAND2-AS1. Deletion paternally inherited - proband's father had history of ToF. Novel deletion - no similar deletions in Decipher or DGV. Proband also had CHD7 VUS (c.2830C>T, p.Arg944Cys) – but no features of CHARGE syndrome and CHD7 variant present in 7 hets in gnomad PMID: 30217752 Liu et al 2019 - screened 206 unrelated Han Chinese patients with adult-onset idiopathic DCM and 300 unrelated controls. Identified HAND2 variant c.199G>T; p.(Glu67*). Authors report segregation of the variant with other affected individuals in the family including x2 with VSD/PDA PMID: 26865696 Sun et al 2016 - HAND2 sequenced in 192 unrelated Han Chinese patient. Het p.S65I variant identified in a patient with VSD and present in all 7 family members with CHD and absent from 13 unaffected members. Variant present in gnomad – 3 hets (x1 East Asian, x1 South Asian, x1 Latin American) PMID 20819618 - Shen et al 2010 131 unrelated Han Chinese patients with ToF had HAND2 gene sequencing. Het c.32C>G p.Pro11Arg identified in x2 unrelated patients – no seg, not in gnomad but in area of low coverage. c.42C>T – present in x1 patient with ToF + VSD – no segregation data, not in gnomad but in area of low coverage; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 26865696, 32134193, 26676105, 30217752, 20819618 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2462 | WBP11 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: WBP11 were changed from Vertebral, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb defects, OMIM:619227 to Vertebral, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb defects, #MIM:619227 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2375 | FOXL2 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FOXL2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31077882, 18642388, 17089161; Phenotypes: Blepharophimosis, epicanthus inversus, and ptosis, type 1 with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and type II without POI (MIM# 110100); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2366 | TELO2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list; to: Five unrelated families reported. Microcephaly, congenital heart disease, renal malformations reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2366 | FN1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FN1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29100092, 33605604; Phenotypes: Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, corner fracture type (MIM#184255), Glomerulopathy with fibronectin deposits 2 (MIM#601894); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2366 | FMN2 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FMN2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25480035, 32162566, 24161494; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 47 MIM#616193; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2366 | HAND1 |
Krithika Murali edited their review of gene: HAND1: Added comment: No OMIM gene disease association PMID: 28112363 Li et al 2017 - HAND1 gene sequenced in 158 unrelated patients with CHDs and 600 controls. A de novo heterozygous truncating variant was identified (c.394A>T p.K132X) in a 5 month old body with double outlet right ventricle and VSD. Absent from gnomad, not present in unaffected parents or in controls. Functional analysis supported loss of HAND1 transcriptional activity. PMID: 29317578 Wang et al 2017 – article in Chinese, abstract in English. A total of 125 patients with congenital VSD and 210 controls. HAND1 truncating variant identified in an individual with VSD( c.355G>T E119X ). Absent from population database, x1 missense variant at same position 28 hets and x1 synonymous variant with 1 het present in gnomad. No segregation data PMID: 29179274 Zhi et al 2017 - A novel heterozygous mutation, a substitution of thymine for guanine at nucleotide 346 (c.346G>T), predicting the conversion of a glutamic acid-encoding codon into a stop codon at codon 116 (p.E116X), was detected in a patient with sporadic DCM out of a cohort of 120 Chinese patients with DCM versus 200 healthy controls. Absent from gnomad. No segregation data. Article in Chinese, abstract in English, unlikely to be congenital onset. PMID: 27942761 Wang et al 2017 - 165 unrelated patients with CHD and 600 unrelated controls. Heterozygous missense HAND1 variant identified in a patient with TOF (c.352C>T p.R118C) . Functional studies supporting significantly reduced transcriptional activity, absent from gnomad, damaging in silicos, no parental testing. PMID: 26581070 Zhou et al 2016 - heterozygous truncating HAND1 variant, c.313A > T p.R105X identified in a DCM family, absent in controls, reduced transcrptional activities, x1 het inframe deletion at the same position in gnomad and x1 synonymous variant. Segregated with family members with DCM and VSD. PMID: 31286141 Firulli et al 2020 – mouse models showing that myocardial deletion of Hand1 resulted in morphological defects including interventricular septal defects, abnormal LV papillary muscles and cardiac conduction system defects PMID: 29016838 Firulli et al 2017 - Hand1A126FS mutation does exhibit embryonic lethal cardiac defects in mouse models; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 31286141, 29016838, 29317578, 29179274, 28112363, 27942761, 26581070 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2366 | FKBP10 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FKBP10: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20696291, 20362275, 20839288, 21567934, 21567934, 23712425, 22718341; Phenotypes: Bruck syndrome 1 MIM#259450, Osteogenesis imperfecta, type XI MIM#610968; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2366 | FGF9 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FGF9: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33140402, 28730625, 19589401, 33174625, 19219044, 28730625; Phenotypes: Multiple synostoses syndrome 3, OMIM # 612961, Craniosynostosis; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2366 | FGF9 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FGF9: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19589401, 28730625, 19219044; Phenotypes: Multiple synostoses syndrome 3 MIM#612961; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2366 | FAM46A |
Belinda Chong changed review comment from: Comment when marking as ready: HGNC approved name: TENT5A Osteogenesis imperfecta type XVIII (OI18) is characterized by congenital bowing of the long bones, wormian bones, blue sclerae, vertebral collapse, and multiple fractures in the first years of life. In 4 children from 3 unrelated consanguineous families with osteogenesis imperfecta, Doyard et al. (2018) identified homozygosity for mutations in the FAM46A gene. The mutations were identified by exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.; to: Comment when marking as ready: HGNC approved name: TENT5A Osteogenesis imperfecta type XVIII (OI18) is characterized by congenital bowing of the long bones, wormian bones, blue sclerae, vertebral collapse, and multiple fractures in the first years of life. In 4 children from 3 unrelated consanguineous families with osteogenesis imperfecta, Doyard et al. (2018) identified homozygosity for mutations in the FAM46A gene. The mutations were identified by exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2366 | FAM46A | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FAM46A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Osteogenesis imperfecta, type XVIII MIM#617952; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2366 | GATA5 |
Krithika Murali edited their review of gene: GATA5: Added comment: OMIM gene disease association for multiple congenital heart defects both AR and AD inheritance -- AR inheritance - x2 patients with congenital heart disease PMID 28180938 Hempel et al 2017 - x1 DCDA twin female born at 28+6 weeks after PROM. Ascites, non-immune hydrops fetalis and VSD diagnosed prenatally at 20 weeks. Postnatally diagnosed with ASD, PDA, mild HCM and gallstones. Hydrops likely secondary to congenital heart disease. Also diagnosed with clitoromegaly with transient elevation in 17-hydroxyprogrogesterone till 10 weeks of age and normal adrenal androgen levels. 46 XX confirmed on karyotype. Proband compound het for paternally inherited GATA 5 c.56G > C, p.Ser19Trp variant and maternally inherited c.605C > T, p.Arg202Gln. Carrier arents and twin sister with c.605C > T, p.Arg202Gln unaffected. Arg202Gln absent from population database, p.Ser19Trp - 241 hets in gnomad not seen in homozygous form. Supportive zebrafish models for GATA5 LoF. Previous mouse models suggest that GATA5 plays a role during mammalian embryogenesis, including heart developmen and progesterone receptor expression. PMID: 27066509 Kassab et al 2015 Lebanese patient cohort with high rates of consangunity. A total of 185 patients with different forms of congenital heart disease (CHD)were screened for GATA4, GATA5, GATA6 variants + 150 healthy individuals. 2 patients with homozygous GATA5 varianst identified. One patient wtih aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, VSD, PDA with homozygous p.T67P variants - in silicos benign, gnomad 4975 hets and 402 homozygotes. Another patient with double outlet right ventricle / ASD / pulmonary stenosis and homozygous p.Y142H – present in gnomad 39 hets, 0 homozygotes, unaffected consanguineous carrier parents. --- Multiple studies reporting AD inheritance for bicuspid aortic valve, congenital heart disease, DCM, AF - evidence conflicting PMID 34461831 Ma et al 2021 BMC Cardiovascular Disorders - prospective recruitment of 130 unrelated patients with bicuspid aortic valve with complex congenital heart disease being one of the exclusion criteria. 2 heterozygous GATA5 variants identified present in population database. No segregation data. PMID: 30229885 Alonso-Montes et al 2018, European Journal of Clinical Investigations - North of Spain cohort. 122 unrelated patients with bicuspid and 154 unaffected patients had GATA4, GATA5 and GATA6 sequencing. Missense p.Arg202Gln in GATA5 identified, absent from gnomad, in-silicos probably damaging, no segregation data. Zhang et al 2015 PMID 25543888 - DCM cohort heterozygous GATA5 c.719G>A p.G240D identified in a family. Authors report co-segregation with DCM in multiple family members with associated VSD in 2 individuals, functional analyses showed diminished transcriptional activity. In-silicos predict possibily damaging. Variant absent from gnomad but in a region of low exome coverage Shan et al 2014 PMID 25515806 - analysis of GATA5 gene promoter in 343 patients with VSD and 348 controls. Two novel variants reported in affected individuals but also present in unaffected parents. PMID 24796370 Bonachea et al 2014 - Cohort of 78 bicuspid aortic patients (50 with isolated BAV and 28 with associated aortic coarctation) had GATA5 sanger sequencing analysis. x2 variants identified. p.Gln3Arg variant present in 447 hets in gnomad – inherited from unaffected mother, p.Leu233Pro – present in 359 hets – apparently de novo PMID: 23289003 Wei et al 2013 Int Journal Medical Science - cohort of 130 unrelated patients with TOF and 200 unrelated controls. GATA5 c.559C>G p.R187G variant identified in affected individual – although variant absent from gnomad alternative aa change at same position present in gnomad including truncating frameshift variants. GATA5 c.620A>G p.H207R – absent from gnomad. Authors report co-segregation of both variants with TOF in multiple family members, some with additional congenital heart defects. Wei et al Pediatric Cardiology 2013 PMID 22961344 - GATA5 sequenced in 120 unrelated patients with VSD and 200 controls. Heterozygous GATA5 variant p.L199V identified in a patient with VSD. Author reports co-segregation in multiple affected family members. Variant absent from gnomad with X1 synonymous het variant only at same position; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 28180938, 27066509, 34461831, 30229885, 28285006, 25543888, 25515806, 24796370, 23295592, 23289003, 22961344 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2352 | MYPN | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MYPN: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28017374, 28220527, 31133047; Phenotypes: Nemaline myopathy 11, autosomal recessive MIM#617336 AR, cardiomyopathy MIM#615248 AD; Mode of inheritance: None; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2352 | MYOD1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MYOD1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26733463, 30403323, 31260566; Phenotypes: Myopathy, congenital, with diaphragmatic defects, respiratory insufficiency, and dysmorphic facies MIM#618975; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2352 | MYO18B | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MYO18B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25748484, 27858739, 32637634, 32184166, 27879346, 33179433; Phenotypes: Klippel-Feil syndrome 4, autosomal recessive, with myopathy and facial dysmorphism MIM#616549; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2352 | MYLK | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MYLK: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28602422; Phenotypes: Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 1 MIM#249210; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2352 | MYL9 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MYL9: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32621347, 33264186, 29453416, 33031641; Phenotypes: Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, MIM#619365; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2352 | MYLK | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MYLK: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32621347, 33264186, 29453416, 33031641; Phenotypes: Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, MIM#619365; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2352 | MYL9 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MYL9: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29453416, 33031641, 33264186; Phenotypes: Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, MIM#619365; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2352 | MSTO1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MSTO1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28554942, 28544275, 31604776, 31463572, 31130378, 30684668, 29339779; Phenotypes: Myopathy, mitochondrial, and ataxia, MIM# 617675; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2352 | MED13L | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MED13L: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33930262, 29959045, 32646507; Phenotypes: Impaired intellectual development and distinctive facial features with or without cardiac defects MIM#616789; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2349 | MECR | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MECR: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27817865, 33401012, 31137067, 31070877; Phenotypes: Childhood-onset dystonia with optic atrophy and basal ganglia abnormalities is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by onset of involuntary movements in the first decade of life. Optic atrophy develops around the same time or slightly later. Severity is variable, and some patients lose independent ambulation. Brain imaging shows abnormalities in the basal ganglia. Cognition appears to be unaffected. 7 unrelated families reported.; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2343 | MECOM | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MECOM: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29146883, 29519864, 26581901; Phenotypes: Radioulnar synostosis with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia 2 MIM#616738; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2322 | MDH2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MDH2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27989324, 34766628; Phenotypes: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 51 MIM#617339; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2320 | FOXH1 |
Krithika Murali edited their review of gene: FOXH1: Added comment: No OMIM gene disease association. Overall, evidence for this gene and its association with congenital heart disease is conflicting. Roessler et al 2008 PMID 18538293 Pilot consortium study of 375 unrelated individuals prospectively ascertained with cardiovascular malformations. Patients not seen at NIH and parents/siblings not consented. Therefore only samples from proband collected. Also screened 300-500 patients with holoprosencephaly and 125 unrelated controls. Over 60 heterozygous FOXH1 variants reported in patients with congenital heart disease or holoprosencephaly. The majority of reported variants were of questionable pathogenicity as they were present in gnomad, had variants present in gnomad with alternative amino acid changes at the same position, had limited evidence of effect on FOXH1 functional activity or were synonymous variants. Furthermore, no variant segregation data available. De Luca et al 2009 PMID 19933292 FOXH1 (Pro21Ser) missense variant identified. Not present in gnomad but in area of low coverage, alternative aa change reported in the same location in x1 het. Identified in proband with TGA and x2 other unaffected family members. Proband who was also heterozogous for an amino acid substitution (Gly17Cys) in the ZIC3 gene Wei et al 2020 Clinical Genetics PMID 32003456 Exome sequencing performed in 605 patients with sporadic conotruncal defects and 300 controls in patients of Chinese descent with ages ranging from 6 days to 12 years old, majority <2 years old. 14 gene panel used. Identified 7 FOXH1 missense variants in 10 unrelated patients with congenital heart disease. All reported variants associated with reduced protein expression of FOXH1 protein on Western blot to varying degrees. No segregation data provided. • FOXH1 c.104C>G p.P35R identified in a 9 month old with double outlet right ventricle. Absent from gnomad but is in an area of low exome coverage. Variant with alternative amino acid change at same position (FOXH1 c.104C>T p.P35L) previously identified in a patient with congenital heart disease (Roessler et al 2008) • X2 patients - FOXH1 c.205T>C p.Phe69Leu. Also present in gnomad – x1 het non-Finnish European. X1 patient with alternative amino acid change at same position also identified (FOXH1 c.206T>C p.Phe69Ser) – absent from gnomad. • X2 patients with FOXH1 c.209T>C p.Phe70Ser - absent from gnomad • X2 patients with FOXH1 c.232A>G p.Lys78Glu – x2 hets gnomad (European non-Finnish, South Asian) • X1 patient with FOXH1 c.277A>G p.Lys93Glu – x1 het gnomad (European Finnish) • X1 patients FOXH1 c.277A>G p.Glu165Gln – absent from gnomad, benign in silicos PMID 12094232, PMID 16304598 - Previous mouse models have demonstrated a role for Foxh1 in heart morphogenesis.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 18538293, 19933292, 32003456, 12094232, 16304598; Changed phenotypes: Congenital heart disease |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2316 | MBOAT7 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MBOAT7: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33335874, 32645526, 32744787, 31852446, 31282596, 30701556; Phenotypes: intellectual disability MIM#617188; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2307 | MAT1A | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MAT1A: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27604308, 7560086; Phenotypes: Hypermethioninemia, persistent, autosomal dominant, due to methionine adenosyltransferase I/III deficiency MIM#250850, Methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency, autosomal recessive MIM#250850, Disorders of the metabolism of sulphur amino acids; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2307 | MAP3K7 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MAP3K7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27426734, 27426733; Phenotypes: Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome MIM#157800 AD, Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 2 MIM#617137 AD; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2307 | MAP3K20 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: MAP3K20: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27816943, 26755636; Phenotypes: Centronuclear myopathy 6 with fiber-type disproportion MIM#617760, Split-foot malformation with mesoaxial polydactyly MIM#616890; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2300 | DNM1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well-established link between heterozygous variants in DNM1 and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Yigit et al. 2021 (PMID: 34172529) recently reported two unrelated patients with DEE and homozygous truncating variants (c.97C>T; p.(Gln33*) and c.850C>T; p.(Gln284*), respectively) in the DNM1 gene. All parents were heterozygous carriers but did not show any clinical symptoms indicating a recessive inheritance pattern. No function studies were performed.; to: Well-established link between heterozygous variants in DNM1 and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Yigit et al. 2021 (PMID: 34172529) recently reported two unrelated patients with DEE and homozygous truncating variants (c.97C>T; p.(Gln33*) and c.850C>T; p.(Gln284*), respectively) in the DNM1 gene. All parents were heterozygous carriers but did not show any clinical symptoms indicating a recessive inheritance pattern. No function studies were performed. Clinical presentation is typically post-natal. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2271 | DHX30 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Twelve unrelated individuals reported with de novo missense variants, some recurrent. Missense cluster within nucleic acid binding motifs (~p.457-p.787). Post-natal onset.; to: Twelve unrelated individuals reported with de novo missense variants, some recurrent. Missense cluster within nucleic acid binding motifs (~p.457-p.787). Post-natal presentation. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2271 | DHX30 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Twelve unrelated individuals reported with de novo missense variants, some recurrent. Missense cluster within nucleic acid binding motifs (~p.457-p.787).; to: Twelve unrelated individuals reported with de novo missense variants, some recurrent. Missense cluster within nucleic acid binding motifs (~p.457-p.787). Post-natal onset. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2261 | DDX6 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five unrelated individuals reported with 5 different de novo heterozygous missense mutations in exon 11 of the DDX6 gene. All variants occurred at conserved residues in either the QxxR or V motifs within the second RecA-2 domain of the helicase core; this region is involved in RNA and/or ATP binding, suggesting functional consequences. Sources: Literature; to: Five unrelated individuals reported with 5 different de novo heterozygous missense mutations in exon 11 of the DDX6 gene. All variants occurred at conserved residues in either the QxxR or V motifs within the second RecA-2 domain of the helicase core; this region is involved in RNA and/or ATP binding, suggesting functional consequences. Multiple congenital anomalies. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2259 | DDX59 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 5 unrelated families reported, renal involvement is not prominent.; to: 5 unrelated families reported, multiple congenital anomalies. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2253 | HSD17B4 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: DBP deficiency has been classified into 3 subtypes depending upon the deficient enzyme activity. Type I is a deficiency of both 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; type II is a deficiency of hydratase activity alone; and type III is a deficiency of dehydrogenase activity alone. Virtually all patients with types I, II, and III have a severe phenotype characterized by infantile-onset of hypotonia, seizures, and abnormal facial features, and most die before age 2 years. Less severe presentations have been termed type IV deficiency or Perrault syndrome.; to: DBP deficiency has been classified into 3 subtypes depending upon the deficient enzyme activity. Type I is a deficiency of both 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; type II is a deficiency of hydratase activity alone; and type III is a deficiency of dehydrogenase activity alone. Virtually all patients with types I, II, and III have a severe phenotype characterized by infantile-onset of hypotonia, seizures, and abnormal facial features, and most die before age 2 years. Less severe presentations have been termed type IV deficiency or Perrault syndrome. Cortical dysplasia, renal cysts are reported features. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2240 | HCFC1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Variants in the HCFC1 gene are associated with cases of syndromic and non-syndromic intellectual disability. Individuals present with severely delayed psychomotor development apparent in infancy, and severe neurological involvement including intractable epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, and intellectual disability.; to: Variants in the HCFC1 gene are associated with cases of syndromic and non-syndromic intellectual disability. Individuals present with severely delayed psychomotor development apparent in infancy, and severe neurological involvement including intractable epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, and intellectual disability. Microcephaly is a feature. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.2048 | KYNU | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KYNU were changed from Vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 2 617661 to Vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 2 , MIM#617661 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.2047 | KYNU | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KYNU: Changed rating: GREEN; Changed phenotypes: Vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 2, MIM#617661; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1985 | MAMLD1 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: MAMLD1: Multiple individuals reported with hypospadias PMID: 26815876: 3’UTR is associated with increased risk of isolated hypospadias in Indian children | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1971 | NSD2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NSD2 was added gene: NSD2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NSD2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NSD2 were set to 30345613; 31171569 Phenotypes for gene: NSD2 were set to Rauch-Steindl syndrome, MIM# 619695 Review for gene: NSD2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 unrelated individuals reported with LOF variants. Gene thought to be responsible for many of the features of Wolf-Hirschorn syndrome. Prenatal growth retardation is a feature. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1966 | SLC33A1 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SLC33A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31194315; Phenotypes: CONGENITAL CATARACTS, HEARING LOSS, AND NEURODEGENERATION, OMIM#614482; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1938 | NAA10 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NAA10: Added comment: For Ogden association, PMID 34075687: lethal X-linked. 9 males from 3 families with recurrent Ser37Pro All presenting the distinctive and recognizable phenotype, which includes mostly postnatal growth retardation, global severe developmental delay, characteristic craniofacial features, and structural cardiac anomalies and/or arrhythmias For non-lethal syndromic ID: reported in 10 males and (mostly de novo) in 37 females variants causing this are missense located along the protein and 1 truncating; Changed publications: 30842225, 24431331, 34075687; Changed phenotypes: Microphthalmia, syndromic 1, MIM# 309800 Ogden syndrome MIM#300855 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1933 | ITGA8 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: ITGA8: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24439109, 9054500; Phenotypes: Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 1 MIM#191830; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1933 | INPP5K | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: INPP5K: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28190456, 28190459, 28940338, 31630891, 33193651, 33792664; Phenotypes: Muscular dystrophy, congenital, with cataracts and intellectual disability MIM#617404; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1933 | IGFBP7 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IGFBP7: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: Retinal arterial macroaneurysm with supravalvular pulmonic stenosis 614224; Phenotypes: Retinal arterial macroaneurysm with supravalvular pulmonic stenosis MIM#614224; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1933 | IDH1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IDH1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34393643, 34588213, 34624834, 34720940; Phenotypes: Ollier disease MONDO:0008145, Maffucci syndromeMONDO:0013808; Mode of inheritance: Other; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1933 | HPD | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HPD: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10942115, 17560158, 27604308; Phenotypes: Hawkinsinuria (MIM#140350), AD, Tyrosinemia type III (MIM#276710), AR; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1933 | HNRNPH2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HNRNPH2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34907471, 33728377, 31670473, 31236915, 30887513; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Bain type MIM#300986; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1933 | HMGA2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HMGA2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32421827, 29655892, 25809938, 29453418, 29655892, 28796236; Phenotypes: Silver-Russel syndrome, MIM#618908; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1931 | IFT140 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IFT140: Added comment: Note mono-allelic variants have been associated with renal cysts, but age of onset uncertain.; Changed publications: 22503633, 23418020, 28288023, 28724397, 26216056, 26968735, 34890546 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1929 | GNAS | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GNAS were changed from ALBRIGHT HEREDITARY OSTEODYSTROPHY; GNAS HYPERFUNCTION; PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM TYPE 1B; ACTH-INDEPENDENT MACRONODULAR ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA to Pseudohypoparathyroidism Ia, MIM# 103580 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1923 | GNAO1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Loss of function mutations (PTCs and missense) cause EEIE, and gain of function mutations (missense, inframe deletion) cause NDIM. Almost all reports are de novo, rare parental mosaicism also reported (PMID: 30682224); to: Loss of function mutations (PTCs and missense) cause EEIE, and gain of function mutations (missense, inframe deletion) cause NDIM. Almost all reports are de novo, rare parental mosaicism also reported (PMID: 30682224) Microcephaly reported in some individuals. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1920 | GLIS3 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Significant proportion of affected children described as having developmental delay.; to: Renal cystic dysplasia is a feature. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1918 | GLI3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Not a ciliopathy, but relatively common condition with phenotypic overlap. Sources: Expert list; to: Limb anomalies would be identifiable prenatally. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1889 | EDN1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: EDN1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23315542 23913798 24268655; Phenotypes: Auriculocondylar syndrome 3, MIM# 615706; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1869 | SLC25A20 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SLC25A20: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, MIM#212138; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1869 | TRPV4 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: TRPV4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Brachyolmia type 3, MIM# 113500, Metatropic dysplasia, MIM# 156530, SED, Maroteaux type, MIM# 184095, Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Kozlowski type, MIM# 184252; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1868 | TRPV6 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: TRPV6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32383311, 31930989, 29861107; Phenotypes: Hyperparathyroidism, transient neonatal, MIM# 618188, Early onset chronic pancreatitis susceptibility; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1868 | TSC1 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: TSC1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Tuberous sclerosis-1, MIM# 191100; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1868 | TSC2 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: TSC2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Tuberous sclerosis-2, MIM# 613254; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1867 | TTC37 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: TTC37: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20176027, 17318842; Phenotypes: Trichohepatoenteric syndrome 1, MIM# 222470; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1867 | TTC7A | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: TTC7A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24417819, 24292712, 23830146, 29174094, 31743734; Phenotypes: Gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome, MIM# 243150; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1867 | TUBA1A | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: TUBA1A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30517687, 20466733; Phenotypes: Lissencephaly 3, MIM# 611603; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1866 | TUBB4A | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: TUBB4A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27809427; Phenotypes: Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 6, MIM# 602662; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1866 | TWIST1 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: TWIST1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17343269, 9585583, 12116251, 31299755, 30040876; Phenotypes: Craniosynostosis 1, MIM# 123100, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome with or without eyelid anomalies, MIM# 101400, Sweeny-Cox syndrome, MIM# 617746; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1865 | UROS | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: UROS: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24027798, 12533808; Phenotypes: PORPHYRIA, CONGENITAL ERYTHROPOIETIC (MIM #263700); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1864 | REN | Zornitza Stark Marked gene: REN as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1864 | REN | Zornitza Stark Gene: ren has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1864 | REN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: REN were changed from Renal tubular dysgenesis 267430 to Renal tubular dysgenesis, MIM#267430 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1863 | REN | Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: REN were set to 31736371 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1862 | REN | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: REN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Renal tubular dysgenesis, MIM#267430; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1858 | DZIP1L | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DZIP1L: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28530676; Phenotypes: Polycystic kidney disease 5, MIM#617610; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1849 | REN | Naomi Baker reviewed gene: REN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16116425, 22095942; Phenotypes: Renal tubular dysgenesis, MIM#267430; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1844 | DSG1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DSG1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19558595, 29315490, 31192455, 23974871, 29229434, 33666035; Phenotypes: Erythroderma, congenital, with palmoplantar keratoderma, hypotrichosis, and hyper IgE, AR (MIM#615508), Keratosis palmoplantaris striata I, AD (MIM# 148700); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1837 | GBE1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GBE1: Added comment: Three unrelated families reported with severe prenatal presentation of this muscle disorder causing fetal akinesia.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 30303820; Changed phenotypes: Glycogen storage disease IV, MIM#232500, Fetal akinesia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1818 | DPF2 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DPF2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29429572, 31706665; Phenotypes: Coffin-Siris syndrome 7 MIM#618027; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1815 | FREM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FREM1 were changed from MANITOBA OCULOTRICHOANAL SYNDROME to Manitoba oculotrichoanal syndrome 248450; Bifid nose with or without anorectal and renal anomalies, MIM# 608980; Trigonocephaly 2, MIM# 614485 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1813 | FREM1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FREM1: Added comment: Bi-allelic variants are associated with multiple congenital anomaly syndromes (MOTA and BNAR), which likely represent a spectrum. Three families reported with trigonocephaly and single missense variants.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 32016392, 21931569, 21507892, 19732862, 20301721, 28111185; Changed phenotypes: Manitoba oculotrichoanal syndrome 248450, Bifid nose with or without anorectal and renal anomalies, MIM# 608980, Trigonocephaly 2, MIM# 614485 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1809 | DNAJC19 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DNAJC19: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16055927, 17244376, 22797137; Phenotypes: 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type V MIM#610198; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1808 | SGPL1 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SGPL1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33074640; Phenotypes: Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase Insufficiency Syndrome, Nephrotic syndrome, type 14, MIM#617575; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1802 | DNAJB11 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DNAJB11: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29706351, 29777155, 33129895, 34177435; Phenotypes: Polycystic kidney disease 6 with or without polycystic liver disease, MIM#618061, Ivermark II syndrome.; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1783 | GREB1L | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GREB1L were changed from Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 3, 617805; renal agenesis to Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 3, MIM#617805; renal agenesis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1779 | GREB1L | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GREB1L: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 3, OMIM# 617805; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1765 | GZF1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GZF1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33009817, 28475863; Phenotypes: Joint laxity, short stature, and myopia, MIM# 617662, Larsen-like syndrome; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1765 | GSC | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GSC: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24290375; Phenotypes: Short stature, auditory canal atresia, mandibular hypoplasia, skeletal abnormalities, MIM# 602471; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1765 | GRM1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GRM1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22901947, 26308914; Phenotypes: Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 13 MIM#614831; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1762 | GRHL2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GRHL2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27612988, 19415813, 25152456; Phenotypes: Ectodermal dysplasia/short stature syndrome MIM#616029; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1759 | FOLR1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Onset is apparent in late infancy with severe developmental regression, movement disturbances, epilepsy, and leukodystrophy. Recognition and diagnosis of this disorder is critical because folinic acid therapy can reverse the clinical symptoms and improve brain abnormalities and function.; to: Onset is apparent in late infancy with severe developmental regression, movement disturbances, epilepsy, and leukodystrophy. Not pertinent to fetal panel. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1759 | GRHL2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GRHL2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27612988, 25152456, 19415813; Phenotypes: Ectodermal dysplasia/short stature syndrome MIM#616029; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1756 | SLC25A38 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SLC25A38: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19412178, 31338833; Phenotypes: Anemia, sideroblastic, 2, pyridoxine-refractory, MIM#205950; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1754 | GREB1L | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GREB1L: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29100091, 29955957, 32585897; Phenotypes: Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 3, OMIM# 617805, Deafness, autosomal dominant 80, MIM# 619274; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1754 | GPX4 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GPX4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24706940, 32827718; Phenotypes: Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Sedaghatian type MIM#250220; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1753 | SLC12A6 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SLC12A6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31439721, 27485015, 16606917, 21628467, 12368912, 17893295; Phenotypes: Agenesis of the corpus callosum with peripheral neuropathy, MIM#21800; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1753 | GPKOW | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GPKOW: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28612833; Phenotypes: male-lethal microcephaly with intrauterine growth restriction; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1753 | GPC6 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GPC6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19481194, 32655339; Phenotypes: Omodysplasia 1 MIM#258315; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1753 | GNA11 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GNA11: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: 23802536, 23802516, 24823460, 26818911, 27334330; Phenotypes: Hypocalcemia, autosomal dominant 2 MIM#615361, Hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, type II MIM#145981; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1734 | SIX5 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SIX5: Changed phenotypes: Branchiootorenal syndrome 2, MIM#610896 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1725 | DLX5 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DLX5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22121204, 24496061, 25196357, 20534536, 12112878; Phenotypes: Split-hand/foot malformation 1 with sensorineural hearing loss MIM#220600, Split-hand/foot malformation 1 MIM#183600; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1725 | DLX5 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DLX5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22121204, 24496061, 25196357, 20534536, 12112878; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1723 | DHTKD1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DHTKD1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23141294, 29661920, 28902413, 27604308, 23141293, 25860818; Phenotypes: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2Q, MIM#615025, Alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria MIM#204750; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1720 | SIX5 | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: SIX5 were changed from BRANCHIOOTORENAL SYNDROME TYPE 2 to Branchiootorenal syndrome 2, MIM#610896 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1719 | SIX5 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SIX5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Branchiootorenal syndrome 2, MIM#610896; Mode of inheritance: None; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1700 | CLTC | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CLTC: Added comment: PMID 34230591: review of previously reported cases and report of 3 new cases, including one with prenatally ascertained brain and renal abnormalities.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 29100083, 26822784, 34230591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1682 | CCDC65 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Same homozygous PTC (p.I293Pfs*2) reported in 3 Ashkenzi Jewish families. PMID: 24094744 performs functional assay on null zebrafish model - replicates human phenotype supporting LOF. Three different LoF reported in context of primary ciliary dyskinesia by diagnostic laboratories in ClinVar.; to: Same homozygous PTC (p.I293Pfs*2) reported in 3 Ashkenzi Jewish families. PMID: 24094744 performs functional assay on null zebrafish model - replicates human phenotype supporting LOF. Three different LoF reported in context of primary ciliary dyskinesia by diagnostic laboratories in ClinVar. Situs inversus not reported. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1655 | SCN4A | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SCN4A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26700687; Phenotypes: Congenital myopathy, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 16 MIM#614198; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1640 | ATP6V1B1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATP6V1B1 were changed from DISTAL RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS WITH DEAFNESS to Distal renal tubular acidosis 2 with progressive sensorineural hearing loss, MIM# 267300 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1639 | ATP6V1B1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ATP6V1B1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Distal renal tubular acidosis 2 with progressive sensorineural hearing loss, MIM# 267300; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1615 | TWIST2 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: TWIST2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26119818, 20691403; Phenotypes: Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome, MIM# 200110, Barber-Say syndrome, MIM# 209885, Focal facial dermal dysplasia 3, Setleis type, MIM# 227260; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1611 | VLDLR | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: VLDLR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16080122, 18326629, 10380922; Phenotypes: Cerebellar hypoplasia and mental retardation with or without quadrupedal locomotion 1, MIM# 224050; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1608 | FLVCR2 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FLVCR2: Added comment: The proliferative vasculopathy and hydranencephaly-hydrocephaly syndrome is a (usually) prenatally lethal disorder characterized by hydranencephaly, a distinctive glomerular vasculopathy in the central nervous system and retina, and diffuse ischemic lesions of the brain stem, basal ganglia, and spinal cord with calcifications. It is usually diagnosed by ultrasound between 26 and 33 weeks' gestation. At least 5 unrelated families reported.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 30712878, 20206334, 20518025, 20690116, 25677735; Changed phenotypes: Proliferative vasculopathy and hydranencephaly-hydrocephaly syndrome, MIM# 225790 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1515 | WRAP53 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: WRAP53: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21205863, 32303682, 29514627; Phenotypes: Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal recessive 3, OMIM #613988; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1514 | FAM20A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FAM20A were changed from AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA AND GINGIVAL FIBROMATOSIS SYNDROME to Amelogenesis imperfecta, type IG (enamel-renal syndrome) 204690 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1489 | GM2A | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GM2A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28417072, 28192816, 27402091; Phenotypes: GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant MIM#272750; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1477 | GLI1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GLI1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34721536, 31621941, 31549748, 30620395; Phenotypes: Polydactyly, postaxial, type A8 MIM#618123, Polydactyly, preaxial I MIM#174400; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1475 | NR0B1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NR0B1 were changed from 46XY sex reversal 2, dosage-sensitive 300018; Adrenal hypoplasia, congenital 300200 to 46XY sex reversal 2, dosage-sensitive MIM#300018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | GFRA1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GFRA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34737117, 33020172; Phenotypes: renal agenesis; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | GATA3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GATA3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29663634; Phenotypes: Hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and renal dysplasia MIM146255; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | GANAB | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GANAB: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27259053, 33097077; Phenotypes: Polycystic kidney disease 3 MIM#600666; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | GABRB2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GABRB2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: 29100083, 27789573, 33325057; Phenotypes: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 92 MIM#617829; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | ZNF699 |
Krithika Murali gene: ZNF699 was added gene: ZNF699 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature,Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF699 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZNF699 were set to 33875846 Phenotypes for gene: ZNF699 were set to DEGCAGS syndrome - #619488 Review for gene: ZNF699 was set to GREEN Added comment: DEGCAGS syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, coarse and dysmorphic facial features, and poor growth and feeding from infancy. Affected individuals have variable systemic manifestations often with significant structural defects of the cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and/or skeletal systems. Additional features may include sensorineural hearing loss, hypotonia, anemia or pancytopenia, and immunodeficiency with recurrent infections. Sources: Literature, Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | ZMYM2 |
Krithika Murali gene: ZMYM2 was added gene: ZMYM2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZMYM2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ZMYM2 were set to 32891193 Phenotypes for gene: ZMYM2 were set to Neurodevelopmental-craniofacial syndrome with variable renal and cardiac abnormalities - MIM#619522 Review for gene: ZMYM2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Approximately half of patients have congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and/or congenital cardiac defects, including septal defects Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | FAM58A | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FAM58A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18297069, 8818947, 28225384; Phenotypes: STAR syndrome MIM#300707; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | STK4 |
Krithika Murali gene: STK4 was added gene: STK4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature,Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: STK4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: STK4 were set to 22294732; 26117625; 22174160; 22952854 Phenotypes for gene: STK4 were set to T-cell immunodeficiency, recurrent infections, autoimmunity, and cardiac malformations - MIM#614868 Review for gene: STK4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic variants identified in 12 affected individuals from 5 unrelated families with two mouse model studies. Immunodeficiencyphenotype but cardiac malformations that are potentially detectable antenatally also a typical feature. Sources: Literature, Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | FAM20C | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FAM20C: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19250384, 20825432, 17924334; Phenotypes: Raine syndrome MIM#259775; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | FAM20A | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FAM20A: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23468644, 18597613, 21549343, 21990045; Phenotypes: Amelogenesis imperfecta, type IG (enamel-renal syndrome) 204690; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | FAM126A | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FAM126A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21911699, 17928815, 17683097, 16951682; Phenotypes: Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 5 MIM#610532; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | FAH | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: FAH: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15759101; Phenotypes: Tyrosinemia, type I, MIM#276700; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | MYBPC3 |
Krithika Murali gene: MYBPC3 was added gene: MYBPC3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature,Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MYBPC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MYBPC3 were set to 16679492; 17937428; 19858127 Phenotypes for gene: MYBPC3 were set to Neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 4 - MIM#115197 Review for gene: MYBPC3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 16679492 - two unrelated neonates with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by compound heterozygous truncating mutations in the MYBPC3 gene (no antenatal findings reported) 17937428 - 20 Old Order Amish children with severe neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by a novel homozygous splice site mutation in the MYBPC3 gene, diagnosed in the first 3 weeks of life, surviving individuals required cardiac transplant before age 1 19858127 - infant with fatal cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy due to a homozygous mutation, p.R943X Sources: Literature, Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1469 | FBRSL1 |
Krithika Murali gene: FBRSL1 was added gene: FBRSL1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FBRSL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FBRSL1 were set to 32424618; 34805182 Phenotypes for gene: FBRSL1 were set to Congenital malformations; congenital heart defect Review for gene: FBRSL1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Associated with novel malformation and intellectual disability syndrome. Three unrelated children with de novo PTCs that escape NMD, with respiratory insufficiency, postnatal growth restriction, microcephaly, global developmental delay and other malformations - 2/3 had heart defects (ASD, VSD), cleft palate and hearing impairement. Supported by Xenopus oocyte functional studies Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1446 | ABCD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ABCD1 were changed from ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY, X-LINKED to Adrenoleukodystrophy, MIM# 300100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1445 | ABCD1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ABCD1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Adrenoleukodystrophy, MIM# 300100; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1442 | ABCB11 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ABCB11 were changed from ABCB11-RELATED INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS to Cholestasis, benign recurrent intrahepatic, 2, MIM# 605479 AR Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 2, MIM# 601847 AR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1441 | ABCB11 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ABCB11: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Cholestasis, benign recurrent intrahepatic, 2, MIM# 605479 AR Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 2, MIM# 601847 AR; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1441 | DCDC2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Only one convincing case reported with a renal phenotype, functional data (zebrafish model has renal cysts).; to: Only one convincing case reported with a renal phenotype, functional data (zebrafish model has renal cysts). Most reports are of neonatal cholangitis. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1441 | DCDC2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DCDC2 were changed from RENAL-HEPATIC CILIOPATHY to Nephronophthisis 19, MIM# 616217 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1437 | NR0B1 | Daniel Flanagan reviewed gene: NR0B1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 7951319, 23384712; Phenotypes: 46XY sex reversal 2, dosage-sensitive (MIM#300018), Adrenal hypoplasia, congenital (MIM#300200); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1437 | NR0B1 | Daniel Flanagan reviewed gene: NR0B1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 7951319, 23384712; Phenotypes: 46XY sex reversal 2, dosage-sensitive (MIM#300018), Adrenal hypoplasia, congenital (MIM#300200); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1429 | CTU2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CTU2 were changed from Microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, renal agenesis, and ambiguous genitalia syndrome, 618142 to Microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, renal agenesis, and ambiguous genitalia syndrome, MIM#618142 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1423 | CTNND1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 4 individuals from 3 unrelated families with blepharocheilodontic syndrome and mutations in the CTNND1 gene reported originally in PMID 28301459. All had eyelid anomalies, including ectropion of the lower lids, euryblepharon, lagophthalmia, and distichiasis. In addition, all 4 showed typical facial dysmorphism with hypertelorism, flat face, and high forehead, and all had conical teeth and tooth agenesis. Three had cleft lip and palate, 3 had hair anomalies, and 1 had hypothyroidism due to hypoplasia or aplasia of the thyroid gland. None of the patients exhibited anal atresia or neural tube defects. PMID: 32196547 - Alharatani et al 2020 - report an expanded phenotype for CTNND1 patients. They report 13 individuals from nine families with novel protein-truncating variants in CTNND1 identified by WES. The mutations were not previously described in blepharocheilodontic (BCD), orofacial cleft cases nor in gnomAD. 8 patients had de novo variants, 2 inherited from affected parents, 2 participants inherited a variant from a parent with a mild phenotype. 8/13 patients showed cleft palate. Additional phenotypic features seen include mild limb phenotypes (9/13), cardiovascular anomalies (6/13) and Developmental delay and other neurodevelopmental problems (8/13). This more recent publication suggests a broader phenotype associated with CTNND1 variants including dev delay, ADHD/ASD, behavioural issues. Unclear from description whether significant ID present. Sources: Literature; to: 4 individuals from 3 unrelated families with blepharocheilodontic syndrome and mutations in the CTNND1 gene reported originally in PMID 28301459. All had eyelid anomalies, including ectropion of the lower lids, euryblepharon, lagophthalmia, and distichiasis. In addition, all 4 showed typical facial dysmorphism with hypertelorism, flat face, and high forehead, and all had conical teeth and tooth agenesis. Three had cleft lip and palate, 3 had hair anomalies, and 1 had hypothyroidism due to hypoplasia or aplasia of the thyroid gland. None of the patients exhibited anal atresia or neural tube defects. PMID: 32196547 - Alharatani et al 2020 - report an expanded phenotype for CTNND1 patients. They report 13 individuals from nine families with novel protein-truncating variants in CTNND1 identified by WES. The mutations were not previously described in blepharocheilodontic (BCD), orofacial cleft cases nor in gnomAD. 8 patients had de novo variants, 2 inherited from affected parents, 2 participants inherited a variant from a parent with a mild phenotype. 8/13 patients showed cleft palate. Additional phenotypic features seen include mild limb phenotypes (9/13), cardiovascular anomalies (6/13) and Developmental delay and other neurodevelopmental problems (8/13). This more recent publication suggests a broader phenotype associated with CTNND1 variants including dev delay, ADHD/ASD, behavioural issues. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1361 | TP73 |
Krithika Murali gene: TP73 was added gene: TP73 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TP73 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TP73 were set to 31130284; 34077761 Phenotypes for gene: TP73 were set to Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 47, and lissencephaly - MIM# 619466 Review for gene: TP73 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 unrelated families reported. In vitro ciliogenesis experiments demonstrated that epithelial cells from TP73 variant carriers had reduced number of ciliated cells and shortened cilia resulting in abnormal ciliary clearance of the airways compared to healthy controls. Clinical features included recurrent respiratory infections and respiratory dysfunction caused by defective mucociliary clearance in early childhood. Affected individuals also had neurologic features, such as impaired intellectual development and central hypotonia, associated with structural brain abnormalities, most notably lissencephaly and thin or absent corpus callosum. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1361 | SPEF2 |
Krithika Murali gene: SPEF2 was added gene: SPEF2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SPEF2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SPEF2 were set to 31151990; 31278745; 31048344; 31942643 Phenotypes for gene: SPEF2 were set to Spermatogenic failure 43, MIM#618751; Primary ciliary dyskinesia-like phenotype Review for gene: SPEF2 was set to RED Added comment: Biallelic variants associated with sperm morphological abnormalities. In some individuals recurrent sinopulmonary infections and bronchiectasis noted consistent with PCD-like phenotype. Mouse model showed infertility phenotype, hydrocephalus, sinusitis. No fetal phenotype reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1299 | EYA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EYA1 were changed from BRANCHIOOTORENAL SYNDROME TYPE 1 to Anterior segment anomalies with or without cataract MIM#602588; Branchiootic syndrome 1 MIM#602588; Branchiootorenal syndrome 1, with or without cataracts MIM#113650 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1296 | EYA1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: EYA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 9359046, 13269867, 263442; Phenotypes: Anterior segment anomalies with or without cataract MIM#602588, Branchiootic syndrome 1 MIM#602588, Branchiootorenal syndrome 1, with or without cataracts MIM#113650; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1276 | EXOSC3 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: EXOSC3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22544365, 25149867, 23284067, 24524299; Phenotypes: Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 1B 614678; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1273 | ERCC8 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: ERCC8: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 14661080, 21108394; Phenotypes: Cockayne syndrome, type A, MIM# 216400; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1264 | ERCC6 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: ERCC6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301516, 20456449, 9443879, 8566949; Phenotypes: Cockayne syndrome, type B, MIM#133540, Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 1, MIM#214150, De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome, MIM#278800; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1241 | FAT4 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FAT4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29681106; Phenotypes: Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome 2 MIM#616006, Van Maldergem syndrome 2 MIM#615546; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1241 | FBXL4 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FBXL4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28940506; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 13 (encephalomyopathic type) MIM#615471; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1241 | ERCC3 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: ERCC3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 2167179, 10447254, 16947863, 9012405, 32557569, 27004399; Phenotypes: Xeroderma pigmentosum, group B 61, MIM#0651, Trichothiodystrophy 2, photosensitive, MIM# 616390; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1241 | FGF8 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FGF8: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301509; Phenotypes: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 6 with or without anosmia MIM#612702; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1241 | FKBP14 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FKBP14: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22265013, 24773188, 27149304, 31132235, 30561154, 28617417; Phenotypes: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, kyphoscoliotic type, 2, MIM# 614557; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1241 | FOXE1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FOXE1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 9697705, 12165566, 16882747, 24219130, 20484477; Phenotypes: Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome, MIM# 241850, MONDO:0009437; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1241 | FOXF1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FOXF1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19500772, 23505205; Phenotypes: Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins, MIM# 265380; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1241 | FOXG1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FOXG1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28661489; Phenotypes: Rett syndrome, congenital variant MIM#613454; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1241 | FOXRED1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FOXRED1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33613441; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 19 MIM#618241; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1241 | FREM2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FREM2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15838507, 18203166, 29688405, 33082983; Phenotypes: Cryptophthalmos, unilateral or bilateral, isolated MIM#123570, Fraser syndrome 2 MIM#617666; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1240 | GAA | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GAA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Glycogen storage disease II MIM#232300; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1240 | GALE | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GALE: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21290786; Phenotypes: Galactose epimerase deficiency MIM#230350; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1240 | GALK1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GALK1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27604308, 5129682; Phenotypes: Galactokinase deficiency with cataracts MIM#230200; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1240 | GALNS | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GALNS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 9298823; Phenotypes: Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA, MIM# 253000, MONDO:0009659; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1240 | GATA4 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GATA4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12845333, 18055909, 15689439, 33413087, 30455927; Phenotypes: Atrial septal defect 2 MIM#607941, Atrioventricular septal defect 4 MIM#614430, Ventricular septal defect 1 MIM#614429; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1240 | GCDH | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GCDH: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31536184; Phenotypes: Glutaricaciduria, type I MIM#231670; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1220 | CHRNA3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five individuals from three unrelated families.; to: Five individuals from three unrelated families. Onset is in utero or early childhood. Affected individuals have impaired neuronal bladder and ureteral innervation causing coordination defects that result in secondary structural defects of the renal system, including hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and small kidneys, that may result in chronic kidney disease as well as recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Surgical treatment of VUR is not effective. Most individuals also have additional autonomic features, most commonly impaired pupillary reflex and sometimes orthostatic hypotension. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1217 | CHD8 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Congenital anomalies are not a prominent feature of this neurodevelopmental disorder.; to: Congenital anomalies are not a prominent feature of this neurodevelopmental disorder. Macrocephaly reported of prenatal onset. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1176 | CCDC8 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Intellect typically normal; to: 5 unrelated individuals described with the condition; two different homozygous variants described in three individuals. IUGR. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1160 | CANT1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Severe skeletal dysplasia, intellectual disability not a core feature of the phenotype (described in some); to: Severe skeletal dysplasia, prenatal onset of features. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.1107 | WLS |
Zornitza Stark gene: WLS was added gene: WLS was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WLS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: WLS were set to 34587386 Phenotypes for gene: WLS were set to Zaki syndrome, MIM#619648 Review for gene: WLS was set to GREEN Added comment: - Homozygous mutations in 10 affected persons from 5 unrelated families. - Patients had multiorgan defects, including microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, foot syndactyly, renal agenesis, alopecia, iris coloboma, and heart defects. - The mutations affected WLS protein stability and Wnt signaling. Knock-in mice showed tissue and cell vulnerability consistent with Wnt-signaling intensity and individual and collective functions of Wnts in embryogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1104 | B9D1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: B9D1: Added comment: 3 unrelated cases with a syndromic phenotype and a supporting null mouse model PMID: 34338422 - compound het missense and frameshift variant in a proband with anal atresia with vestibular fistula, ventricular septal defect, and right renal agenesis (VACTERL cohort) PMID: 24886560 - 2 Joubert syndrome cases PMID: 21763481 - B9d1 -/- mouse displayed polydactyly, kidney cysts, ductal plate malformations, and abnormal patterning of the neural tube, concomitant with compromised ciliogenesis, ciliary protein localization, and Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction.; Changed rating: GREEN |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.1079 | DPM1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PMID: 16641202 - 2 siblings of consanguineous parents. One patient showed retarded motor skills at 1, 2 and 4 years old, with distal myopathy present at 3 years of age. The younger sister presented at 7 weeks of age with generalized hypotonia. Both had normal CK levels. Both siblings were progressively microcephalic. PMID: 10642602 - 2 chet siblings with hypotonia within the first year of life. Both had elevated CK. Both siblings were progressively microcephalic PMID: 10642597 - 2 unrelated patients. One had profound hypotonia at 3 years of age. The other patient was markedly hypotonic in infancy. Both were microcephalic and hd elevated CK levels.; to: PMID: 16641202 - 2 siblings of consanguineous parents. One patient showed retarded motor skills at 1, 2 and 4 years old, with distal myopathy present at 3 years of age. The younger sister presented at 7 weeks of age with generalized hypotonia. Both had normal CK levels. Both siblings were progressively microcephalic. PMID: 10642602 - 2 chet siblings with hypotonia within the first year of life. Both had elevated CK. Both siblings were progressively microcephalic PMID: 10642597 - 2 unrelated patients. One had profound hypotonia at 3 years of age. The other patient was markedly hypotonic in infancy. Both were microcephalic and hd elevated CK levels. Contractures also reported. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.977 | ERCC2 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: ERCC2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 7849702 9758621 11443545 33733458; Phenotypes: Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 2, MIM# 610756, MONDO:0012553, Trichothiodystrophy 1, photosensitive, MIM# 601675, MONDO:0011125, Xeroderma pigmentosum, group D, MIM# 278730, MONDO:0010212; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.968 | GDF6 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GDF6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments; Publications: 30733656, 29130651, 26643732; Phenotypes: Multiple synostoses syndrome 4 (MIM#617898); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.960 | GFAP | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GFAP: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301351; Phenotypes: Alexander disease MIM#203450; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | GFM1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GFM1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31680380, 25852744, 26937387; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 1 MIM#609060; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | MCIDAS |
Krithika Murali gene: MCIDAS was added gene: MCIDAS was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MCIDAS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MCIDAS were set to 32802948; 25048963; 30237576 Phenotypes for gene: MCIDAS were set to Hydrocephalus; Arachnoid cyst; Choroid plexus hyperplasia; Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 42 - #618695 Review for gene: MCIDAS was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 30237576 - Patient 17-1170 (Supplementary Table) Homozygous splice site variant in a child with progressive bronchiectasis, short stature and non-obstructive hydrocephalus on imaging. PMID 25048963 - 3 different homozygous variants reported in 4 unrelated families. Situs invertus not observed in any of the 9 individuals reported. Functional studies showed reduction of cilia. None of the variants identified were observed in gnomAD at unexpected frequency for a recessive condition. PMID 32802948 - Retrospective cohort study for 7 consecutive patients diagnosed with MCIDAS by the Leicester UK national PCD diagnostic laboratory. MRI-B showed that all 7 patients demonstrated choroid plexus hyperplasia, arachnoid cysts, hydrocephalus. x1 diagnosed antenatally with communicating hydrocephalus with a sibling who had increasing head circumference noted in infancy and baseline ultrasound scan showing CPH with bitempoeral arachnoid cysts. Another monozygotic twin from an unrelated family had seizures which self-resolved with D7 of life cranial U/S reported as within normal limits although mild dilatation of posterior horns of both lateral ventricles were noted. Both MZ twins had hydrocephalus diagnosed on MRI-B age 16 pre-lung transplant. Potential for younger age of ascertainment with earlier use of MRI-B. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | GJA3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GJA3: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Cataract 14, multiple types MIM#601885; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | EPHB4 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: EPHB4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27400125, 28687708, 29444212, 29905864, 30578106, 30819650; Phenotypes: Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation 2 (MIM#618196), AD, Lymphatic malformation 7 (MIM#617300), AD; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | GJC2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GJC2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19056803, 31431325, 25059390; Phenotypes: Spastic paraplegia 44, autosomal recessive MIM#613206, Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 2 MIM#608804; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | GLA | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GLA: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301469; Phenotypes: Fabry disease MIM#301500, Fabry disease, cardiac variant MIM#301500; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | GLB1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GLB1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24156116; Phenotypes: GM1-gangliosidosis, type I MIM#230500, GM1-gangliosidosis, type II MIM# 230600, GM1-gangliosidosis, type III MIM#230650, Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVB (Morquio) MIM#253010; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | DNAH1 |
Krithika Murali gene: DNAH1 was added gene: DNAH1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAH1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DNAH1 were set to 25927852; 31507630 Phenotypes for gene: DNAH1 were set to Situs inversus; primary ciliary dyskinesia; infertility Review for gene: DNAH1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID - 25927852 x2 siblings from consanguineous Saudi family with homozygous missense variants (p.Lys1154Gln). More detailed clinical information available for proband diagnosed with Kartagener syndrome - chronic respiratory infections, situs inversus and infertility. Sister also reported to have been diagnosed with Kartagener syndrome at a similar age but no additional clinical information provided. PMID: 31765523 - 1 patient with PCD with a single het missense. PMID: 24360805 - 7 patients (4 different variants) with homozygous variants and infertility due to defective sperm. Microscopy of sperm revealed dynein disorganization PMID: 31507630 - 1 chet patient with kartagener syndrome, a subtype of PCD. Variants were classified as VUS initially - now c.442C>T (p.Arg148Cys) remains VUS, c.3103C > T p.R1035C re-classified as likely benign. Additional patient was het for a single nonsense, authors acknowledge missed 2nd hit and that this alone was not causative. Currently listed as red gene in Heterotaxy panel Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | GLDC | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GLDC: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27604308, 2246863, 1634607; Phenotypes: Glycine encephalopathy (MIM#605899); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | GLI2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GLI2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 14581620, 17096318, 33235745, 27585885, 15994174, 20685856, 30629636, 30583238; Phenotypes: Culler-Jones syndrome, MIM#615849, Holoprosencephaly 9, MIM# 61082); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | EP300 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: EP300: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29506490, 29460469; Phenotypes: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome 2, MIM# 613684, Menke-Hennekam syndrome , MIM#2 618333; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | GLUL | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GLUL: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16267323, 21353613, 33150193; Phenotypes: Glutamine deficiency, congenital MIM#610015; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | GNAI3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GNAI3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22560091; Phenotypes: Auriculocondylar syndrome 1, OMIM #602483; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.957 | GNPAT | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GNPAT: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 9536089, 11152660, 21990100; Phenotypes: Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 2, MIM# 222765, MONDO:0009112; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.926 | TMEM260 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two families reported; predominant phenotype is that of complex severe congenital heart disease and renal anomalies. Although corpus callosum abnormalities/microcephaly were described in some, DD/ID not specifically reported.; to: Seven unrelated families reported. Clinical features: ventricular septal defects (12/12), mostly secondary to truncus arteriosus (10/12), elevated creatinine levels (6/12), horse-shoe kidneys (1/12) and renal cysts (1/12) in patients. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.921 | POLR1B |
Zornitza Stark gene: POLR1B was added gene: POLR1B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR1B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: POLR1B were set to 31649276 Phenotypes for gene: POLR1B were set to Treacher-Collins syndrome type 4 Review for gene: POLR1B was set to GREEN Added comment: Five unrelated families and a zebrafish model, variant inherited in two of the families, once from affected parent and once from mosaic parent. Note four of the families had missense variants affecting same residue, p.Arg1003 Sources: Expert Review |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.911 | SLC6A9 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: SLC6A9: Dempsey et al 2020 (PMID: 31875334) report a fetus with persistently raised NT, hyperextended legs, unilateral talipes. Flexed arms. Small stomach. Consanguineous family. Other reports of SLC6A9 causing arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (presenting prenatally) include: Kurolap et al 2016, PMID: 27773429 (2 families); Hauf et al 2020, PMID: 32712301 (1 family); Mademont-Soler et al 2021, PMID: 33269555 (1 family) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.886 | TRIM71 |
Krithika Murali gene: TRIM71 was added gene: TRIM71 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature,Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIM71 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TRIM71 were set to 29983323; 32168371; 30975633 Phenotypes for gene: TRIM71 were set to Hydrocephalus, congenital communicating, 1 - #618667 Review for gene: TRIM71 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 29983323 - 3 unrelated patients with de novo missense and hydrocephalus with ventriculomegaly (p.Arg608His recurrent). One patient then transmitted the variant to an affected child. PMID: 32168371 - refers to the gene as an established sources of neurodevelopmental disorder PMID: 30975633 - identifies and proves by functional studies that TRIM71 is essential for neurodevelopment. Proposes a LOF mechanism. Sources: Literature, Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.886 | TNFRSF11A |
Krithika Murali gene: TNFRSF11A was added gene: TNFRSF11A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFRSF11A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TNFRSF11A were set to 18606301; 32048120 Phenotypes for gene: TNFRSF11A were set to Osteopetrosis, autosomal recessive 7 - MIM# 612301 Review for gene: TNFRSF11A was set to AMBER Added comment: 8 patients from 7 unrelated families with severe osteoclast-poor osteopetrosis with homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for 7 different variants. The condition is associated with a defect in immunoglobulin production. Although antenatal diagnosis not specifically reported for this gene, diagnosis of severe osteopetrosis antenatally and during early infancy has been reported, including cases with no causative variants identified (PMID 23085203) Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.886 | MPDZ |
Krithika Murali gene: MPDZ was added gene: MPDZ was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MPDZ was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MPDZ were set to 28556411; 23240096; 30518636; 29499638 Phenotypes for gene: MPDZ were set to Hydrocephalus, congenital, 2, with or without brain or eye anomalies- #615219 Review for gene: MPDZ was set to GREEN Added comment: Five Saudi families reported with same homozygous variant, p.Gln210Ter, founder effect. Additional 4 families reported from different ethnic backgrounds and at least 4 different variants. Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.886 | EEF2 |
Krithika Murali gene: EEF2 was added gene: EEF2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature,Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: EEF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: EEF2 were set to 33355653 Phenotypes for gene: EEF2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder; macrocephaly; hydrocephalus Review for gene: EEF2 was set to GREEN Added comment: De novo EEF2 missense variants reported in 3 unrelated children (3, 6 and 9 years of age) with a mild neurodevelopmental phenotype comprising motor delay and relative macrocephaly associated with ventriculomegaly. Sources: Literature, Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.886 | MMP9 |
Krithika Murali gene: MMP9 was added gene: MMP9 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MMP9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MMP9 were set to 19615667; 28342220; 34407464 Phenotypes for gene: MMP9 were set to Metaphyseal anadysplasia 2 - MIM# 613073 Review for gene: MMP9 was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic variants in MMP9 associated with autosomal recessive, metaphyseal anadysplasia type 2. Usually associated with a milder phenotype characterised by normal birth length, transitory bowing of the legs, spontaneous regression and disappearance of metaphyseal alterations during adolescence. Phenotype of MAD type 2 cases secondary to biallelic MMP13 gene mutations (more reported cases associated with this gene) similar to MMP9 associated cases. MMP9-associated MAD type 2 cases reported so far: x2 sibs from 1 consanguineous Pakistani family diagnosed postnatally with normal stature, genu varum, metaphyseal fraying during infancy (PMID 19615667) x1 child from consanguineous family with homozygous nonsense variants diagnosed age 19 months with improvement of skeletal manifestations over a short period and by an early age (PMID 34407464) x2 siblings from x1 non-consanguineous Jewish Caucasian family reported with more severe phenotype than other previously reported cases for MAD type 2 (PMID 28342220). Both siblings diagnosed during 2nd trimester with shortening of long bones. x1 fetus terminated at 19 weeks gestation - dysmorphic face including micrognathia, flattened nose, hypertelorism, short neck and hypoplastic lungs. 2nd liveborn female - reduced body length at birth (-4 SD), facial dysmorphism, cleft palate, anteriorly placed anus and other anomalies. No radiographic metaphyseal anomalies. Both children identified as having the same homozygous MMP9 missense variants. Authors acknowledge the phenotype is more severe than other previously reported cases of MAD type 2 associated with MMP9 or MMP13 gene variants. Some dispute regarding this prenatal case as detailed by PMID 34407464 such as possibility of an alternative skeletal dysplasia diagnosis (Desbuquois dypslasia type 2) and presence of 5 homozygotes in gnomad with the same missense variants - ?founder mutation. Borderline amber-green gene in the prenatal setting based on current evidence. Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.855 | EMD | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: EMD: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21697856, 31802929; Phenotypes: Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 1, X-linked 310300; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.836 | GNPTAB | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GNPTAB: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301728; Phenotypes: Mucolipidosis II alpha/beta MIM#252500, Mucolipidosis III alpha/beta MIM#252600; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.832 | ALG9 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 11 patients from 7 families reported. DD/ID is part of the phenotype.; to: Bi-allelic variants and CDG: At least 7 unrelated families reported, 11 individuals. Clinical features include failure to thrive, dysmorphic features, seizures, hepatic and/or renal cysts; three patients died in utero from a lethal skeletal dysplasia. The severe end of the spectrum is referred to as Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome and is characterised by skeletal dysplasia, dysmorphic facial features, and variable visceral abnormalities, including polycystic kidneys, diaphragmatic hernia, lung hypoplasia, and congenital heart defects. It may be lethal in utero or early in life. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.825 | MAPKAPK5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAPKAPK5 was added gene: MAPKAPK5 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: MAPKAPK5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MAPKAPK5 were set to 33442026 Phenotypes for gene: MAPKAPK5 were set to Developmental delay, variable brain anomalies, congenital heart defects, dysmorphic Review for gene: MAPKAPK5 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 individuals from 2 families with severe developmental delay, variable brain anomalies, congenital heart defects, dysmorphic facial features, and a distinctive type of synpolydactyly with an additional hypoplastic digit between the fourth and fifth digits of hands and/or feet. Exome sequencing identified different homozygous truncating variants in MAPKAPK5 in both families, segregating with disease and unaffected parents as carriers. Patient-derived cells showed no expression of MAPKAPK5 protein isoforms and reduced levels of the MAPKAPK5-interacting protein ERK3. F-actin recovery after latrunculin B treatment was found to be less efficient in patient-derived fibroblasts than in control cells, supporting a role of MAPKAPK5 in F-actin polymerization. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.823 | GNS | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GNS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12573255, 12624138, 31536183, 25851924; Phenotypes: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID, MIM# 252940, Sanfilippo syndrome type D, MONDO:0009658; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.823 | GRHL3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GRHL3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24360809, 29500247; Phenotypes: Van der Woude syndrome 2 MIM#606713; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.823 | GRIP1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GRIP1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27859469, 31982235; Phenotypes: Fraser syndrome 3 MIM#617667; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.823 | GTPBP3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GTPBP3: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34276756, 25434004; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 23 MIM#616198; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.803 | ACVR1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare autosomal dominant disease with complete penetrance involving progressive ossification of skeletal muscle, fascia, tendons, and ligaments. FOP has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 2 million worldwide, and shows no geographic, ethnic, racial, or gender preference. Individuals with FOP appear normal at birth except for great toe abnormalities: the great toes are short, deviated, and monophalangic. Ossification occurs progressively over the course of a lifetime in an inevitable and unpredictable episodic manner. Multiple unrelated families reported. The R206H variant is recurrent.; to: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare autosomal dominant disease with complete penetrance involving progressive ossification of skeletal muscle, fascia, tendons, and ligaments. FOP has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 2 million worldwide, and shows no geographic, ethnic, racial, or gender preference. Individuals with FOP appear normal at birth except for great toe abnormalities: the great toes are short, deviated, and monophalangic. Ossification occurs progressively over the course of a lifetime in an inevitable and unpredictable episodic manner. Multiple unrelated families reported. The R206H variant is recurrent. Note variants in this gene are also associated with congenital heart disease, PMID 29089047. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.774 | ELOVL4 |
Belinda Chong changed review comment from: OMIM 614457: ISQMR is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterised by ichthyosis apparent from birth, profound psychomotor retardation with essentially no development, spastic quadriplegia, and seizures. 5 unrelated families reported, seizures in at least 4 of the families. OMIM 133190: Skin lesion appear shortly after birth and tend to disappear in young adulthood. In a large French-Canadian family, 14/19 individuals with a missense variant presented with erythrokeratodermia variabilis (PMID:24566826). At least two other individuals reported with erythrokeratodermia (and SCA34) as a result of a missense variant (PMID:26258735; 30065956). OMIM 600110: Stargardt disease-3 (STGD3) is an autosomal dominant juvenile macular dystrophy with onset most commonly in the second decade of life. Fundus examination reveals macular pigmentary changes and yellow flecks. Fluorescein angiography shows macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defects; to: OMIM 614457: ISQMR is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterised by ichthyosis apparent from birth, profound psychomotor retardation with essentially no development, spastic quadriplegia, and seizures. 5 unrelated families reported, seizures in at least 4 of the families. OMIM 133190: Skin lesion appear shortly after birth and tend to disappear in young adulthood. In a large French-Canadian family, 14/19 individuals with a missense variant presented with erythrokeratodermia variabilis (PMID:24566826). At least two other individuals reported with erythrokeratodermia (and SCA34) as a result of a missense variant (PMID:26258735; 30065956). OMIM 600110: Stargardt disease-3 (STGD3) is an autosomal dominant juvenile macular dystrophy with onset most commonly in the second decade of life. Fundus examination reveals macular pigmentary changes and yellow flecks. Fluorescein angiography shows macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defects |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.771 | ELN | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: ELN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27866049 31560829 19844261 19844261; Phenotypes: Cutis laxa 123700, Supravalvar aortic stenosis 185500; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.763 | AASS |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Hyperlysinemia type I is an autosomal recessive metabolic condition with variable clinical features. Some patients who present in infancy with nonspecific seizures, hypotonia, or mildly delayed psychomotor development have been found to have increased serum lysine and pipecolic acid on laboratory analysis. However, about 50% of probands are reported to be asymptomatic. Given the broad range of clinical features and the presence of consanguinity in several families, there was not strong evidence for causality of symptoms. It has been suggested that hyperlysinemia is a benign metabolic variant rather than a disease entity.; to: Hyperlysinemia type I is an autosomal recessive metabolic condition with variable clinical features. Some patients who present in infancy with nonspecific seizures, hypotonia, or mildly delayed psychomotor development have been found to have increased serum lysine and pipecolic acid on laboratory analysis. However, about 50% of probands are reported to be asymptomatic. Given the broad range of clinical features and the presence of consanguinity in several families, there was not strong evidence for causality of symptoms. It has been suggested that hyperlysinemia is a benign metabolic variant rather than a disease entity. Given the uncertainty about whether this is a disease entity and lack of associated congenital anomalies or other features that would be detectable in the prenatal setting, downgraded to RED on this panel. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.754 | CYP21A2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CYP21A2 were changed from Hyperandrogenism, nonclassic type, due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency; Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency to Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, MIM# 201910 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.753 | CYP21A2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CYP21A2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, MIM# 201910; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.748 | CYP11B1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CYP11B1 were changed from Aldosteronism, glucocorticoid-remediable 103900; Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency 202010 to Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency, MIM# 202010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.745 | CYP11B1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CYP11B1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8768848; Phenotypes: Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency, MIM# 202010; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.745 | CYP11A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CYP11A1 were changed from Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46XY sex reversal, partial or complete 613743 to Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46XY sex reversal, partial or complete, MIM# 613743 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.743 | CYP11A1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CYP11A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12161514, 16705068, 18182448; Phenotypes: Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46XY sex reversal, partial or complete, MIM# 613743; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.737 | PPIB |
Naomi Baker changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association with lethal or severe phenotype. PMID: 19781681; reported biallelic loss-of-function variants in two consanguineous families. Multiple skeletal features were observed in fetal radiographs, including fractures of long bones, bowed tibiae, fibula and femora, and beaded ribs. PMID: 32392875; reported an identical biallelic missense variant in two Taiwanese families. Prenatal imaging showed small and collapsed thoracic cage, bowing of femoral bone, and platyspondyly of spine.; to: Well established gene-disease association with lethal or severe OI phenotype. PMID: 19781681; reported biallelic loss-of-function variants in two consanguineous families. Multiple skeletal features were observed in fetal radiographs, including fractures of long bones, bowed tibiae, fibula and femora, and beaded ribs. PMID: 32392875; reported an identical biallelic missense variant in two Taiwanese families. Prenatal imaging showed small and collapsed thoracic cage, bowing of femoral bone, and platyspondyly of spine. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.735 | ELAC2 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: ELAC2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23849775, 31045291; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 17 MIM#615440; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.689 | EIF2AK3 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: EIF2AK3: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10932183, 7551159, 16813601; Phenotypes: Wolcott-Rallison syndrome MIM#226980; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.684 | EDNRA | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: EDNRA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25772936, 27671791; Phenotypes: Mandibulofacial dysostosis with alopecia, MIM# 616367; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.684 | EDA | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: EDA: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29694819, 19921643, 18510547, 9507389; Phenotypes: Ectodermal dysplasia 1, hypohidrotic, X-linked, MIM# 305100, MONDO:0010585; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.660 | DVL3 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DVL3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26924530; Phenotypes: Robinow syndrome, autosomal dominant 3 MIM#616894; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.660 | PAX2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PAX2 were changed from RENAL-COLOBOMA SYNDROME to Papillorenal syndrome, MIM# 120330; Renal coloboma syndrome, MONDO:0007352 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.657 | PAX2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PAX2: Added comment: Microphthalmia and CAKUT are reported features.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed phenotypes: Papillorenal syndrome, MIM# 120330, Renal coloboma syndrome, MONDO:0007352 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.654 | SLC30A5 |
Krithika Murali gene: SLC30A5 was added gene: SLC30A5 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC30A5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC30A5 were set to 33547425; 12095919 Phenotypes for gene: SLC30A5 were set to Perinatal lethal cardiomyopathy Review for gene: SLC30A5 was set to AMBER Added comment: Four affected children from two unrelated families with cardiomyopathy, hydrops fetalis, or cystic hygroma that all deceased perinatally. 2 different homozygous PTCs variants found. Knockout of SLC30A5 in mouse models showed reduced body growth and reduced bone density. About 60% of the mice died due to bradyarrhythmia. Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.612 | PAX2 | Dean Phelan reviewed gene: PAX2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21654726, 24676634, 31060108, 32203253; Phenotypes: Papillorenal syndrome, Renal coloboma syndrome, ventricular septal defect, skeletal deformity, ovarian teratoma, growth retardation, gout, microcephaly, developmental disorder, gonadal abnormalities; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.612 | STIM1 |
Krithika Murali gene: STIM1 was added gene: STIM1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: STIM1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: STIM1 were set to 31448844; 20876309 Phenotypes for gene: STIM1 were set to Immunodeficiency 10 - #612783; Myopathy, tubular aggregate, 1 - #160565; Stormorken syndrome - #185070 Review for gene: STIM1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 31448844 (comprehensive review, summarises all published cases, references functional evidence) Dominant STIM1 missense variants via a GOF mechanism cause a spectrum of myopathy covering tubular aggregate myopathy/TAM and Stormorken syndrome/STRMK (slowly progressive muscle weakness with variable multisystemic disease including non-specific dysmorphism, a/hyposplenia, ichthyosis, cytopenias) Recessive STIM1 variants via a LOF mechanism cause a combined immunodeficiency (recurrent and chronic infections, autoimmunity, ectodermal dysplasia, non-progressive myopathy) --> presentations can be severe, death from disseminated Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV negative 2 year old F reported. Highly variable phenotype - contractures have been reported in the more severely affected individuals. Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.612 | ORAI1 |
Krithika Murali gene: ORAI1 was added gene: ORAI1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ORAI1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ORAI1 were set to 31448844 Phenotypes for gene: ORAI1 were set to Myopathy, tubular aggregate, 2 - #615883 Review for gene: ORAI1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 31448844 (comprehensive review, summarises all published cases, references functional evidence): - Dominant ORAI1 missense variants via a GOF mechanism cause a slowly progressive myopathy (tubular aggregate myopathy/TAM) - Recessive ORAI1 variants via a LOF mechanism cause a combined immunodeficiency (recurrent and chronic infections, autoimmunity, ectodermal dysplasia, non-progressive myopathy) Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.607 | CREBBP |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association with RTS, deletions reasonably frequent. Menke-Hennekam syndrome-1 (MKHK1) is an allelic disorder caused by heterozygous variants in exon 30 or 31 of the CREBBP gene, and characterised by variable impairment of intellectual development and facial dysmorphisms. Feeding difficulties, autistic behavior, recurrent upper airway infections, hearing impairment, short stature, and microcephaly are also frequently seen. Over 20 individuals reported.; to: Well established gene-disease association with RTS, deletions reasonably frequent. Microcephaly is a feature. Menke-Hennekam syndrome-1 (MKHK1) is an allelic disorder caused by heterozygous variants in exon 30 or 31 of the CREBBP gene, and characterised by variable impairment of intellectual development and facial dysmorphisms. Feeding difficulties, autistic behavior, recurrent upper airway infections, hearing impairment, short stature, and microcephaly are also frequently seen. Over 20 individuals reported. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.603 | CPT2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency is an inherited disorder of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. There is a spectrum of severity. The most severe, neonatal form presents shortly after birth with respiratory distress, seizures, altered mental status, hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly, cardiac arrhythmia, and, in many cases, dysmorphic features, renal dysgenesis, and migration defects. Some features such as microcephaly and polycystic kidneys may be detectable antenatally.; to: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency is an inherited disorder of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. There is a spectrum of severity. The most severe, neonatal form presents shortly after birth with respiratory distress, seizures, altered mental status, hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly, cardiac arrhythmia, and, in many cases, dysmorphic features, renal dysgenesis, and migration defects. Some features such as microcephaly and polycystic kidneys may be detectable antenatally. Well established gene-disease association, multiple families reported. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.582 | DVL1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DVL1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25817014, 25817016; Phenotypes: Robinow syndrome, autosomal dominant 2 (MIM#616331); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, paternally imprinted (maternal allele expressed); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.582 | KRIT1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: KRIT1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34556564, 20301470; Phenotypes: Cavernous malformations of CNS and retina MIM#116860, Cerebral cavernous malformations-1 MIM#116860, Hyperkeratotic cutaneous capillary-venous malformations associated with cerebral capillary malformations MIM#116860; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.582 | KLF1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: KLF1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29300242, 25724378, 28265383; Phenotypes: Blood group--Lutheran inhibitor MIM#111150, Dyserythropoietic anemia, congenital, type IV MIM#613673; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.582 | KIF22 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: KIF22: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: 25256152, 22152677, 22152678; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, type 2 MIM#603546; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.582 | KIAA1109 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: KIAA1109: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29290337, 30906834; Phenotypes: Alkuraya-Kucinskas syndrome MIM#617822; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.582 | KCTD1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: KCTD1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23541344, 31324836; Phenotypes: Scalp-ear-nipple syndrome MIM#181270; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.582 | KCNJ2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: KCNJ2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: 20301441; Phenotypes: Andersen syndrome MIM#170390, Atrial fibrillation, familial, 9 MIM#613980, Short QT syndrome 3 MIM#609622; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.582 | KAT6B | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: KAT6B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22715153; Phenotypes: SBBYSS syndrome MIM#603736, Genitopatellar syndrome MIM#606170; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.582 | KAT6A | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: KAT6A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30245513; Phenotypes: Arboleda-Tham syndrome MIM#616268; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.581 | COL4A2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COL4A2 were changed from PORENCEPHALY 2 to Brain small vessel disease 2, MIM# 614483; Porencephaly | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.578 | COL4A1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Microphthalmia reported.; to: Microphthalmia, porencephaly reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.578 | COL4A1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: COL4A1: Changed phenotypes: Brain small vessel disease with or without ocular anomalies, MIM#175780, Porencephaly | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.578 | COL4A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COL4A1 were changed from PORENCEPHALY 1 to Brain small vessel disease with or without ocular anomalies, MIM#175780; Porenecphaly | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.558 | COG7 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: CDG IIe is caused by variants that impair the integrity of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex and alter Golgi trafficking, resulting in the disruption of multiple glycosylation pathways. Three families reported, IVS1+4A-C variant is recurrent, supportive functional data.; to: CDG IIe is caused by variants that impair the integrity of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex and alter Golgi trafficking, resulting in the disruption of multiple glycosylation pathways. Three families reported, IVS1+4A-C variant is recurrent, supportive functional data. IUGR is a feature. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.555 | COG4 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Bi-allelic variants in this gene are associated with CDG. Microcephaly in some.; to: Bi-allelic variants in this gene are associated with CDG. Microcephaly in some. Saul-Wilson syndrome is associated with mono-allelic variants: skeletal dysplasia, including prenatal findings. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.551 | COASY |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two families reported with a severe, prenatal onset phenotype comprising PCH, microcephaly and arthrogryposis. Note gene is also associated with NBIA. Sources: Expert list; to: Two families reported with a severe, prenatal onset phenotype comprising PCH, microcephaly and arthrogryposis. Note gene is also associated with NBIA but this presents postnatally. Sources: Expert list |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.535 | DSTYK | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DSTYK: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28157540,23862974; Phenotypes: Spastic paraplegia 23, MIM# 270750; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.535 | DSP | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DSP: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16467215,23137101,26604139, 22795705,31983221,24108106,16175511,20302578,20613772; Phenotypes: Dilated cardiomyopathy with woolly hair, keratoderma, and tooth agenesis, MIM# 615821, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, with woolly hair and keratoderma, MIM# 605676; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.519 | CLPB |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Bi-allelic variants: 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (MGCA7) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized primarily by increased levels of 3-methylglutaconic acid (3-MGA) associated with neurologic deterioration and neutropenia. The phenotype is highly variable: most patients have infantile onset of a progressive encephalopathy with various movement abnormalities and delayed psychomotor development, although rare patients with normal neurologic development have been reported. Other common, but variable, features include cataracts, seizures, and recurrent infections. More than 10 unrelated families reported. Mono-allelic variants: six unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants and neutropaenia, epilepsy, developmental issues, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.; to: Bi-allelic variants: 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (MGCA7) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized primarily by increased levels of 3-methylglutaconic acid (3-MGA) associated with neurologic deterioration and neutropenia. The phenotype is highly variable: most patients have infantile onset of a progressive encephalopathy with various movement abnormalities and delayed psychomotor development, although rare patients with normal neurologic development have been reported. Other common, but variable, features include cataracts, seizures, and recurrent infections. Microcephaly is a feature. More than 10 unrelated families reported. Mono-allelic variants: six unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants and neutropaenia, epilepsy, developmental issues, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.517 | DNMT3B | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DNMT3B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11837609, 17893117,10647011,23486536; Phenotypes: Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome 1, MIM# 242860; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | ITGB4 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: ITGB4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional, with pyloric atresia MIM#226730; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | ITGA6 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: At least 4 probands reported Pyelonephrosis, Urethrovesical occlusion and Stenosis at the ureterovesical junctions are some other features in this condition; to: At least 4 probands reported Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia (EB-PA) is characterized by fragility of the skin and mucous membranes, manifested by blistering with little or no trauma; congenital pyloric atresia; and ureteral and renal anomalies (dysplastic/multicystic kidney, hydronephrosis/hydroureter, ureterocele, duplicated renal collecting system, absent bladder). |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | ITGA6 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: ITGA6: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31502654, 27607025, 9158140, 34525201; Phenotypes: Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional, with pyloric stenosis MIM#226730; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | IRF6 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IRF6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Popliteal pterygium syndrome 1MIM#119500, van der Woude syndrome MIM#119300; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | INTU | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: INTU: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27158779, 29451301, 20067783, 34623732; Phenotypes: Orofaciodigital syndrome XVII MIM#617926, Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 20 with polydactyly MIM#617925; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | INPPL1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: INPPL1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23273567, 34529350, 34094554; Phenotypes: Opsismodysplasia MIM#258480; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | IMPAD1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IMPAD1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22887726, 21549340; Phenotypes: Chondrodysplasia with joint dislocations, GPAPP type MIM#614078; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | IL1RAPL1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IL1RAPL1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34452636, 27470653, 21484992, 18801879, 18801879; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 21 MIM#300143; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | IL11RA | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IL11RA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21741611, 32277509, 30811827, 29926465, 24498618; Phenotypes: Craniosynostosis and dental anomalies, MIM# 614188; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | IHH | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IHH: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34530144, 12632327, 32311039, 29155992; Phenotypes: Acrocapitofemoral dysplasia MIM#607778, Brachydactyly, type A1 MIM#112500; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | IGHMBP2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IGHMBP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 14681881, 23560007, 30863264; Phenotypes: Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type VI MIM#604320; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | IFITM5 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IFITM5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22863190, 22863195, 32383316, 24519609; Phenotypes: Osteogenesis imperfecta, type V MIM#610967; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.448 | IFIH1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IFIH1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments; Publications: 31898846, 28605144, 26284909, 28475458; Phenotypes: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 7 MIM#615846, SINGLETON-MERTEN SYNDROME 1 (MIM# 182250); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.442 | CHD4 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Many P/LP variants reported. Missense variants disrupt ATPase activity and decrease nucleosome remodelling ability. ~50% of missense variants occur between p.1127-1192 containing motifs V, Vb and VI.; to: Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome is an autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder with variable congenital defects affecting other systems, including cardiac, skeletal, and urogenital. Some patients may have short stature, enlarged head circumference, hearing loss, and nonspecific dysmorphic facial features. Many P/LP variants reported. Missense variants disrupt ATPase activity and decrease nucleosome remodelling ability. ~50% of missense variants occur between p.1127-1192 containing motifs V, Vb and VI. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.432 | IDUA | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IDUA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27928775; Phenotypes: Mucopolysaccharidosis Ih (MIM#607014), Mucopolysaccharidosis Ih/s (MIM#607015), Mucopolysaccharidosis Is (MIM#6070), Mucopolysaccharidosis type 1, MONDO:0001586; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.428 | IDS | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: IDS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 9921913, 9762601, 8940265, 1901826; Phenotypes: Mucopolysaccharidosis II MIM#309900, MONDO:0010674, Hunter syndrome; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.362 | CA8 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: At least two unrelated families reported, and animal model.; to: Phenotype becomes apparent post-natally; two unrelated families reported, and animal model. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.362 | CA2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CA2 were changed from OSTEOPETROSIS AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TYPE 3 to Osteopetrosis, autosomal recessive 3, with renal tubular acidosis, MIM#259730 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.331 | BMPER |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Perinatal lethal skeletal dysplasia. The primary skeletal characteristics include small chest, abnormal vertebral segmentation, and posterior rib gaps containing incompletely differentiated mesenchymal tissue. Consistent craniofacial features include ocular hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge with short nose, and low-set ears. The most commonly described extraskeletal finding is nephroblastomatosis with cystic kidneys, but other visceral findings have been described in some cases; to: Perinatal lethal skeletal dysplasia. The primary skeletal characteristics include small chest, abnormal vertebral segmentation, and posterior rib gaps containing incompletely differentiated mesenchymal tissue. Consistent craniofacial features include ocular hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge with short nose, and low-set ears. The most commonly described extraskeletal finding is nephroblastomatosis with cystic kidneys, but other visceral findings have been described in some cases. At least 5 unrelated families reported. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.331 | BMPER |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Perinatal lethal skeletal dysplasia.; to: Perinatal lethal skeletal dysplasia. The primary skeletal characteristics include small chest, abnormal vertebral segmentation, and posterior rib gaps containing incompletely differentiated mesenchymal tissue. Consistent craniofacial features include ocular hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge with short nose, and low-set ears. The most commonly described extraskeletal finding is nephroblastomatosis with cystic kidneys, but other visceral findings have been described in some cases |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.322 | BMP1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Prenatal fractures reported.; to: Well established gene-disease association. Prenatal fractures reported, PMID 25402547. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.307 | DLL4 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DLL4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26299364; Phenotypes: Adams-Oliver syndrome 6 MIM#616589; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.280 | BBS1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Renal abnormalities reported. Some suggestion that heterozygotes may have an increased frequency of obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease.; to: Well established gene-disease association. Renal abnormalities and polydactyly. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.249 | DKC1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DKC1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31269755, 26951492, 29081935, 25940403; Phenotypes: Dyskeratosis congenita, X-linked MIM#305000; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.231 | HNF4A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HNF4A were changed from HNF4A-RELATED MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG TYPE 1; ATYPICAL DOMINANT FANCONI SYNDROME WITH MODY to Fanconi renotubular syndrome 4, with maturity-onset diabetes of the young MIM#616026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.229 | HNF1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HNF1B were changed from RENAL CYSTS AND DIABETES SYNDROME to Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome, MIM# 137920 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.215 | DIS3L2 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DIS3L2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22306653, 28328139, 29950491; Phenotypes: Perlman syndrome MIM# 267000; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.215 | DHODH | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DHODH: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19915526, 20220176, 33262786, 27370710; Phenotypes: Miller syndrome, MIM# 263750; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.213 | DDX3X | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DDX3X: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33528536, 30936465, 31274575, 30817323; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndrome, Snijders Blok type MIM# 300958; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.211 | SCN2A | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SCN2A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28254201; Phenotypes: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 11, MIM#182390; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.200 | SC5D | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SC5D: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12189593, 17853487; Phenotypes: Lathosterolosis, MIM#607330; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.183 | SAMHD1 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SAMHD1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21102625; Phenotypes: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 5, MIM#612952; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.182 | ARSE | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association. Note HGNC approved name is ARSL.; to: Well established gene-disease association. Note HGNC approved name is ARSL. Multiple skeletal anomalies detectable prenatally. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.179 | SAMD9 |
Seb Lunke Source Genomics England PanelApp was removed from SAMD9. Source Literature was added to SAMD9. Phenotypes for gene: SAMD9 were changed from MIRAGE - myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, enteropathy to MIRAGE syndrome, MIM#617053 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.177 | SAMD9 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: SAMD9: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27182967; Phenotypes: MIRAGE syndrome, MIM#617053; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.158 | ATAD1 |
Krithika Murali gene: ATAD1 was added gene: ATAD1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATAD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ATAD1 were set to 28180185; 29390050; 29659736 Phenotypes for gene: ATAD1 were set to Hyperekplexia 4 - #618011 Review for gene: ATAD1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Hyperekplexia-4 is an autosomal recessive severe neurologic disorder apparent at birth. Three unrelated families reported. Affected infants have extreme hypertonia and appear stiff and rigid. They have little if any development, poor or absent visual contact, and no spontaneous movement, consistent with an encephalopathy. Some patients have early-onset refractory seizures. Severe progressive neurological disorder, severe/profound intellectual disability is a feature. Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.158 | HSPD1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HSPD1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18571143, 27405012, 32532876, 28377887, 27405012; Phenotypes: Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 4, MIM# 612233; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.158 | ADCY6 |
Krithika Murali gene: ADCY6 was added gene: ADCY6 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ADCY6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADCY6 were set to 24319099, 26257172, 31846058; 33820833 Phenotypes for gene: ADCY6 were set to Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 8 - #616287 Review for gene: ADCY6 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 33820833 (2021) - Further 2 sibs reported with a homozygous c.3346C>T:p.Arg1116Cys variant in the ADCY6 gene. The family was identified from a cohort of 315 genetically undiagnosed and unrelated AMC families. Arthrogryposis and IUGR were detected prenatally. Laquerriere et al. (2014): 2 sibs from a consanguineous family with an axoglial form of lethal congenital contracture syndrome, and homozygous missense ADCY6 mutation (R1116C). The parents were heterozygous for the mutation. Knocked down ADCY6 orthologs in zebrafish showed a loss of myelin basic protein expression in the peripheral nervous system but no defects in Schwann cell migration and axonal growth. Gonzaga‐Jauregui et al. (2015): 1 patient with congenital hypotonia, distal joint contractures, hypomyelinating neuropathy, and vocal cord paralysis, and a homozygous missense ADCY6 variant. No functional studies. Deceased sister with a similar phenotype with hypotonia, areflexia, and hypomyelinating neuropathy who died at 18 months of respiratory insufficiency. Agolini et al. (2020): 1 patient with severe form of AMC, with two novel compound heterozygous variants in ADCY6 (parents confirmed carriers), but no functional studies. Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.158 | DCHS1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: DCHS1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27262615, 22473091, 24056717, 29046692; Phenotypes: Van Maldergem syndrome 1, MIM# 601390; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.158 | HSF4 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HSF4: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Cataract 5, multiple types MIM#116800; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.152 | HSD17B3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HSD17B3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Pseudohermaphroditism, male, with gynecomastia MIM#264300; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.152 | HR | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HR: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Atrichia with papular lesions MIM#209500; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.148 | HPSE2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HPSE2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25145936, 23313374, 33558177; Phenotypes: Urofacial syndrome 1 MIM#236730; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.143 | HOXD13 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HOXD13: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Brachydactyly, type D MIM#113200, Brachydactyly, type E MIM#113300, Syndactyly, type V MIM#186300, Synpolydactyly 1 MIM#186000; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.143 | HOXA1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HOXA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16155570, 18412118, 32864817; Phenotypes: Athabaskan brainstem dysgenesis syndrome MIM#601536, Bosley-Salih-Alorainy syndrome MIM#601536; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.143 | HNRNPK | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HNRNPK: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Au-Kline syndrome MIM#616580; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.143 | HNF4A | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HNF4A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Fanconi renotubular syndrome 4, with maturity-onset diabetes of the young MIM#616026; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.139 | HNF1B | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HNF1B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome, MIM# 137920; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.139 | HIBCH | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HIBCH: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26026795, 25251209, 24299452, 32677093; Phenotypes: 3-hydroxyisobutryl-CoA hydrolase deficiency, MIM# 250620; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.139 | HES7 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HES7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29459493, 23897666, 18775957, 20087400; Phenotypes: Spondylocostal dysostosis 4, autosomal recessive MIM#613686; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.139 | HBA2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HBA2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Thalassemias, alpha- , MIM#604131, Heinz body anemias, alpha-, MIM# 140700, Erythrocytosis 7, MIM# 617981; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.139 | HBA1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HBA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Thalassemias, alpha- , MIM#604131, Heinz body anemias, alpha-, MIM# 140700, Erythrocytosis 7, MIM# 617981; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.139 | HADHA | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HADHA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: LCHAD deficiency, MIM# 609016; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.139 | HAAO | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HAAO: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28792876, 33942433; Phenotypes: Vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 1 MIM#617660; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.132 | FAM111A |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Kenny-Caffey syndrome is characterized by severe proportionate short stature, cortical thickening and medullary stenosis of the tubular bones, delayed closure of the anterior fontanel, eye abnormalities including microphthalmia/nanophthalmos, and transient hypocalcemia. Sources: Literature; to: Kenny-Caffey syndrome is characterized by severe proportionate short stature, cortical thickening and medullary stenosis of the tubular bones, delayed closure of the anterior fontanel, eye abnormalities including microphthalmia/nanophthalmos, and transient hypocalcemia. Prenatal presentation reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.130 | BICD2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: BICD2: Added comment: Prenatal presentations reported.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 33547725 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.107 | ALG6 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Over 100 affected individuals reported. PMID 27498540 summarises findings in 41 patients. Hypotonia and developmental delay were reported in all. Other common features include epilepsy, ataxia, proximal muscle weakness, and, in the majority of cases, failure to thrive. Nine patients developed intractable seizures. Coagulation anomalies were present in <50 % of cases, without spontaneous bleedings. Facial dysmorphism was rare, but seven patients showed missing phalanges and brachydactyly. Cyclic behavioral change, with autistic features and depressive episodes. Eleven children died before the age of 4 years due to protein losing enteropathy (PLE), sepsis, or seizures. The oldest patient was a 40 year-old. The most common pathogenic protein alterations were p.A333V and p.I299Del, without any clear genotype-phenotype correlation.; to: Over 100 affected individuals reported. Mostly neurological features, though rare congenital anomalies such as missing phalanges reported. PMID 27498540 summarises findings in 41 patients. Hypotonia and developmental delay were reported in all. Other common features include epilepsy, ataxia, proximal muscle weakness, and, in the majority of cases, failure to thrive. Nine patients developed intractable seizures. Coagulation anomalies were present in <50 % of cases, without spontaneous bleedings. Facial dysmorphism was rare, but seven patients showed missing phalanges and brachydactyly. Cyclic behavioral change, with autistic features and depressive episodes. Eleven children died before the age of 4 years due to protein losing enteropathy (PLE), sepsis, or seizures. The oldest patient was a 40 year-old. The most common pathogenic protein alterations were p.A333V and p.I299Del, without any clear genotype-phenotype correlation. |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.93 | ALDH3A2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALDH3A2 were changed from SJOEGREN-LARSSON SYNDROME to Sjogren-Larsson syndrome MIM#270200; spasticity; ichthyosis; intellectual disability | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.67 | AGTR1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: AGTR1 was added gene: AGTR1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: AGTR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AGTR1 were set to 16116425 Phenotypes for gene: AGTR1 were set to Renal tubular dysgenesis, MIM# 267430 Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by early onset and persistent fetal anuria leading to oligohydramnios and the Potter sequence, associated with skull ossification defects. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.65 | AGT |
Zornitza Stark gene: AGT was added gene: AGT was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: AGT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AGT were set to 16116425; 34234805; 33163725 Phenotypes for gene: AGT were set to Renal tubular dysgenesis, MIM# 267430 Review for gene: AGT was set to GREEN Added comment: Well established gene-disease association, more than 10 unrelated families reported. Autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis is a severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by persistent fetal anuria and perinatal death, probably due to pulmonary hypoplasia from early-onset oligohydramnios. Absence or paucity of differentiated proximal tubules is the histopathologic hallmark of the disorder and may be associated with skull ossification defects. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.54 | ADGRG6 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Three other families reported but with severe prenatal onset arthrogryposis, unclear if CNS features.; to: Three other families reported but with severe prenatal onset arthrogryposis. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.32 | ACOX1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ACOX1 were changed from Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency, OMIM:264470; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY PSEUDONEONATAL to Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency, MIM# 264470 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.31 | ACE | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ACE were changed from Renal tubular dysgenesis 267430 to Renal tubular dysgenesis, MIM# 267430 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.29 | ACE | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ACE: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16116425, 22095942; Phenotypes: Renal tubular dysgenesis, MIM# 267430; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | TANGO2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TANGO2 was added gene: TANGO2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: TANGO2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: TANGO2 were set to Infancy-Onset Recurrent Metabolic Crises with Encephalocardiomyopathy |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | SLC4A4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC4A4 was added gene: SLC4A4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC4A4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC4A4 were set to 16636648; 10545938; 11131345 Phenotypes for gene: SLC4A4 were set to PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS WITH OCULAR ABNORMALITIES |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | SLC4A1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC4A1 was added gene: SLC4A1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC4A1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: SLC4A1 were set to RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS, DISTAL, AD; RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS, DISTAL, AR |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | PMP22 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PMP22 was added gene: PMP22 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: PMP22 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PMP22 were set to Neuropathy, recurrent, with pressure palsies 162500; Roussy-Levy syndrome 180800; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1A 118220; Dejerine-Sottas disease 145900; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1E 118300; Neuropathy, inflammatory demyelinating 139393 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | LRPPRC |
Zornitza Stark gene: LRPPRC was added gene: LRPPRC was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: LRPPRC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: LRPPRC were set to LEIGH SYNDROME, FRENCH-CANADIAN TYPE |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | FGF20 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FGF20 was added gene: FGF20 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: FGF20 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FGF20 were set to 22698282; 23112089 Phenotypes for gene: FGF20 were set to ?Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 2, 615721 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | DOCK8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DOCK8 was added gene: DOCK8 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: DOCK8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DOCK8 were set to HYPERIMMUNOGLOBULIN E RECURRENT INFECTION SYNDROME AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | CLDN19 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CLDN19 was added gene: CLDN19 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: CLDN19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CLDN19 were set to HYPOMAGNESEMIA 5, RENAL, WITH OCULAR INVOLVEMENT |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | ATP6V1B1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ATP6V1B1 was added gene: ATP6V1B1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP6V1B1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ATP6V1B1 were set to DISTAL RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS WITH DEAFNESS |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | ABCD1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ABCD1 was added gene: ABCD1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCD1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Phenotypes for gene: ABCD1 were set to ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY, X-LINKED |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | WBP11 |
Zornitza Stark gene: WBP11 was added gene: WBP11 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: WBP11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: WBP11 were set to 33276377 Phenotypes for gene: WBP11 were set to Vertebral, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb defects, OMIM:619227 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | TMEM260 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TMEM260 was added gene: TMEM260 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM260 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TMEM260 were set to 34612517; 28318500 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM260 were set to Structural heart defects and renal anomalies syndrome, OMIM:617478; Structural heart defects and renal anomalies syndrome, MONDO:0044321 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | SOX18 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SOX18 was added gene: SOX18 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: SOX18 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: SOX18 were set to Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome, MONDO:0011914; Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome, OMIM:137940; Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome, MONDO:0019073; Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome, OMIM:607823 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | POLE |
Zornitza Stark gene: POLE was added gene: POLE was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: POLE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: POLE were set to 23230001; 25948378 Phenotypes for gene: POLE were set to severe growth failure of prenatal onset; IUGR; FILS syndrome, 615139; facial dysmorphism, immunodeficiency, livedo, and short stature (FILS) |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | NEK8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NEK8 was added gene: NEK8 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: NEK8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NEK8 were set to 26697755; 18199800; 26967905; 26862157; 23418306 Phenotypes for gene: NEK8 were set to Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 2, MONDO:0014174; Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 2, OMIM:615415; ?Nephronophthisis 9, OMIM:613824; Nephronophthisis 9, MONDO:0013444 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | NADSYN1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NADSYN1 was added gene: NADSYN1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: NADSYN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: NADSYN1 were set to Vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 3, MONDO:0030077; Vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 3, OMIM:618845 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | KIF14 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KIF14 was added gene: KIF14 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF14 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KIF14 were set to 29343805; 24128419; 30388224; 28892560 Phenotypes for gene: KIF14 were set to Lethal fetal cerebrorenogenitourinary agenesis/hypoplasia syndrome, MONDO:0014552; Microcephaly 20, primary, autosomal recessive, OMIM:617914; Meckel syndrome 12, OMIM:616258; Microcephaly 20, primary, autosomal recessive, MONDO:0054761 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | ITGA8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ITGA8 was added gene: ITGA8 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGA8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ITGA8 were set to 24439109 Phenotypes for gene: ITGA8 were set to Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 1, OMIM:191830; Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 1, MONDO:0024519 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | GREB1L |
Zornitza Stark gene: GREB1L was added gene: GREB1L was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: GREB1L was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: GREB1L were set to 29261186; 32378186; 31974414; 31424080; 29100091 Phenotypes for gene: GREB1L were set to Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 3, 617805; renal agenesis |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | GFRA1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GFRA1 was added gene: GFRA1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: GFRA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GFRA1 were set to 33020172 Phenotypes for gene: GFRA1 were set to Renal agenesis |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | GATA3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GATA3 was added gene: GATA3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: GATA3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Phenotypes for gene: GATA3 were set to Hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and renal dysplasia, OMIM:146255; Hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal disease syndrome, MONDO:0007797 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | DCDC2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DCDC2 was added gene: DCDC2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: DCDC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DCDC2 were set to RENAL-HEPATIC CILIOPATHY |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | CTU2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CTU2 was added gene: CTU2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: CTU2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CTU2 were set to Microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, renal agenesis, and ambiguous genitalia syndrome, 618142 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | CEP55 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CEP55 was added gene: CEP55 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP55 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CEP55 were set to 28295209; 28264986; 30622327 Phenotypes for gene: CEP55 were set to Multinucleated neurons, anhydramnios, renal dysplasia, cerebellar hypoplasia, and hydranencephaly, 236500; lethal CEP55-related syndromes |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | VPS33B |
Zornitza Stark gene: VPS33B was added gene: VPS33B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS33B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: VPS33B were set to ARTHROGRYPOSIS, RENAL DYSFUNCTION, AND CHOLESTASIS 1 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | VIPAS39 |
Zornitza Stark gene: VIPAS39 was added gene: VIPAS39 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: VIPAS39 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: VIPAS39 were set to ARTHROGRYPOSIS, RENAL DYSFUNCTION, AND CHOLESTASIS 2 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | TUBB |
Zornitza Stark gene: TUBB was added gene: TUBB was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Phenotypes for gene: TUBB were set to CORTICAL DYSPLASIA, COMPLEX, WITH OTHER BRAIN MALFORMATIONS 6; Circumferential Skin Creases Kunze Type |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | TRIP4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TRIP4 was added gene: TRIP4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIP4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TRIP4 were set to 26924529; 27008887 Phenotypes for gene: TRIP4 were set to Prenatal-onset spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures, MONDO:0000209; Congenital muscular dystrophy-respiratory failure-skin abnormalities-joint hyperlaxity syndrome, MONDO:0014896; ?Muscular dystrophy, congenital, Davignon-Chauveau type, OMIM:617066; Spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 1, OMIM:616866; Spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 1, MONDO:0014806 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | STAR |
Zornitza Stark gene: STAR was added gene: STAR was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: STAR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: STAR were set to CHOLESTEROL DESMOLASE-DEFICIENT CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | SIX5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SIX5 was added gene: SIX5 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: SIX5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Phenotypes for gene: SIX5 were set to BRANCHIOOTORENAL SYNDROME TYPE 2 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | SIL1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SIL1 was added gene: SIL1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: SIL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: SIL1 were set to Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome, 248800 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | SAMD9 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SAMD9 was added gene: SAMD9 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: SAMD9 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: SAMD9 were set to 28346228; 27182967 Phenotypes for gene: SAMD9 were set to MIRAGE - myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, enteropathy Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SAMD9 was set to Other |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | SALL4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SALL4 was added gene: SALL4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: SALL4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Phenotypes for gene: SALL4 were set to ACRO-RENAL-OCULAR SYNDROME; DUANE-RADIAL RAY SYNDROME |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | RET |
Zornitza Stark gene: RET was added gene: RET was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: RET was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: RET were set to RENAL AGENESIS; MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA IIB |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | REN |
Zornitza Stark gene: REN was added gene: REN was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: REN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: REN were set to 31736371 Phenotypes for gene: REN were set to Renal tubular dysgenesis 267430 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | PQBP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PQBP1 was added gene: PQBP1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: PQBP1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Phenotypes for gene: PQBP1 were set to RENPENNING S(YNDROME 1 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | PEX5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PEX5 was added gene: PEX5 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: PEX5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PEX5 were set to ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY NEONATAL |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | PEX26 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PEX26 was added gene: PEX26 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: PEX26 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PEX26 were set to ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER COMPLEMENTATION GROUP 8; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY NEONATAL |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | PEX13 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PEX13 was added gene: PEX13 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: PEX13 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PEX13 were set to PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER COMPLEMENTATION GROUP 13; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY NEONATAL |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | PEX10 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PEX10 was added gene: PEX10 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: PEX10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PEX10 were set to ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY NEONATAL; PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER COMPLEMENTATION GROUP 7 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | PEX1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PEX1 was added gene: PEX1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: PEX1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PEX1 were set to PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER COMPLEMENTATION GROUP 1; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY NEONATAL |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | PAX2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PAX2 was added gene: PAX2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: PAX2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Phenotypes for gene: PAX2 were set to RENAL-COLOBOMA SYNDROME |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | NR0B1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NR0B1 was added gene: NR0B1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: NR0B1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Phenotypes for gene: NR0B1 were set to 46XY sex reversal 2, dosage-sensitive 300018; Adrenal hypoplasia, congenital 300200 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | NPHP3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NPHP3 was added gene: NPHP3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: NPHP3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: NPHP3 were set to RENAL-HEPATIC-PANCREATIC DYSPLASIA; NEPHRONOPHTHISIS TYPE 3; MECKEL SYNDROME TYPE 7 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | MAPRE2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAPRE2 was added gene: MAPRE2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: MAPRE2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MAPRE2 were set to 31903734; 31502381; 26637975 Phenotypes for gene: MAPRE2 were set to Symmetric circumferential skin creases, congenital, 2, 616734 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | KYNU |
Zornitza Stark gene: KYNU was added gene: KYNU was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: KYNU was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KYNU were set to 28792876 Phenotypes for gene: KYNU were set to Vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 2 617661 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | HNF1B |
Zornitza Stark gene: HNF1B was added gene: HNF1B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: HNF1B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Phenotypes for gene: HNF1B were set to RENAL CYSTS AND DIABETES SYNDROME |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | HAAO |
Zornitza Stark gene: HAAO was added gene: HAAO was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: HAAO was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HAAO were set to 28792876 Phenotypes for gene: HAAO were set to Vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 1 617660 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | GNAS |
Zornitza Stark gene: GNAS was added gene: GNAS was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: GNAS was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Phenotypes for gene: GNAS were set to ALBRIGHT HEREDITARY OSTEODYSTROPHY; GNAS HYPERFUNCTION; PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM TYPE 1B; ACTH-INDEPENDENT MACRONODULAR ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | EYA1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: EYA1 was added gene: EYA1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: EYA1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Phenotypes for gene: EYA1 were set to BRANCHIOOTORENAL SYNDROME TYPE 1 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | CYP21A2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CYP21A2 was added gene: CYP21A2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP21A2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CYP21A2 were set to Hyperandrogenism, nonclassic type, due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency; Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | CYP11B1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CYP11B1 was added gene: CYP11B1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP11B1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CYP11B1 were set to Aldosteronism, glucocorticoid-remediable 103900; Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency 202010 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | CYP11A1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CYP11A1 was added gene: CYP11A1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP11A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CYP11A1 were set to 28425981 Phenotypes for gene: CYP11A1 were set to Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46XY sex reversal, partial or complete 613743 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | COL4A2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COL4A2 was added gene: COL4A2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: COL4A2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: COL4A2 were set to 32732225 Phenotypes for gene: COL4A2 were set to PORENCEPHALY 2 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | COL4A1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COL4A1 was added gene: COL4A1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: COL4A1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: COL4A1 were set to 30266093; 32732225; 30712878 Phenotypes for gene: COL4A1 were set to PORENCEPHALY 1 |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | ALDH3A2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALDH3A2 was added gene: ALDH3A2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDH3A2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ALDH3A2 were set to SJOEGREN-LARSSON SYNDROME |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | ACOX1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ACOX1 was added gene: ACOX1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: ACOX1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ACOX1 were set to Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency, OMIM:264470; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY PSEUDONEONATAL |
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| Fetal anomalies v0.0 | ACE |
Zornitza Stark gene: ACE was added gene: ACE was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genomics England PanelApp Mode of inheritance for gene: ACE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ACE were set to 30058238 Phenotypes for gene: ACE were set to Renal tubular dysgenesis 267430 |
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