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Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.6658 UBTF Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: UBTF were changed from Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with brain atrophy, MIM# 617672; MONDO:0044701 to Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with brain atrophy, MIM# 617672; MONDO:0044701; Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, UBTF-related
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.6657 UBTF Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: UBTF were set to 28777933; 29300972
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.6627 UBTF Chirag Patel reviewed gene: UBTF: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 39366741; Phenotypes: Global developmental delay without neuroregression; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.3844 UBTF Zornitza Stark Marked gene: UBTF as ready
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.3844 UBTF Zornitza Stark Gene: ubtf has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.3844 UBTF Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: UBTF were changed from to Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with brain atrophy, MIM# 617672; MONDO:0044701
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.3843 UBTF Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: UBTF were set to
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.3842 UBTF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UBTF was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.3841 UBTF Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: UBTF: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28777933, 29300972; Phenotypes: Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with brain atrophy, MIM# 617672, MONDO:0044701; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.2836 TAF1C Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: TAF1C was added
gene: TAF1C was added to Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TAF1C was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TAF1C were set to 32779182
Phenotypes for gene: TAF1C were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Spasticity; Strabismus; Seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology
Penetrance for gene: TAF1C were set to Complete
Review for gene: TAF1C was set to AMBER
Added comment: Knuutinen et al (2020 - PMID: 32779182) report on 2 individuals from 2 consanguineous families, homozygous for TAF1C missense variants.

Both presented with an early onset neurological phenotype with severe global DD, ID (2/2 - moderate and profound), spasticity (2/2), ophthalmic findings (strabismus 2/2, nystagmus 1/2). Epilepsy, abnormal brain MRI (cerebral and cerebellar atrophy and white matter hyperintensities) as well and additional findings were reported in one (always the same individual).

Following a normal CMA, exome in the first case revealed a homozygous missense SNV (NM_005679.3:c.1165C>T / p.Arg389Cys) supported by in silico predictions. mRNA and protein levels were substantially reduced in fibroblasts from this subject. Only the patient and parents were tested for the variant but not 3 unaffected sibs (fig1).

The second individual was homozygous for another missense variant (p.Arg405Cys) also supported by in silico predictions. The girl was the single affected person within the family with an unaffected sib and parents heterozygous for the variant. Several other unaffected relatives in the extended pedigree were either carriers for this variant or homozygous for the wt allele.

TAF1C encodes the TATA-box binding protein associated factor (TAF) RNA polymerase I subunit.

RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes genes to produce rRNA. For Pol I to initiate transcription, two transcription factors are required : UBF (upstream binding factor encoded by UBTF) and SL1 (selectivity factor 1). The latter is formed by TBP (TATA-binding protein) and 3 Pol I-specific TBP-associated factors (TAFs).

A recurrent de novo missense variant in UBTF (encoding the other Pol I transcription factor) causes a disorder with highly similar features. The specific variant acts through a gain-of-function mechanism (and not by LoF which appears to apply for TAF1C based on expression data).

The authors hypothesize that altered Pol I activity and resulting ribosomal stress could cause the microcephaly and leukodystrophy (both reported in 1 - the same - individual).

As a result, TAF1C may be considered for inclusion in the ID panel with amber rating pending further evidence.
Sources: Literature
Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic v0.0 UBTF Zornitza Stark gene: UBTF was added
gene: UBTF was added to Intellectual disability, syndromic and non-syndromic_GHQ. Sources: Expert Review Green,Genetic Health Queensland
Mode of inheritance for gene: UBTF was set to Unknown