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Mendeliome v0.9083 PRICKLE2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRICKLE2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.9078 COPB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COPB2 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9075 UBE2U Ee Ming Wong gene: UBE2U was added
gene: UBE2U was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: UBE2U was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: UBE2U were set to PMID: 33776059
Phenotypes for gene: UBE2U were set to Retinoschisis; cataracts; learning disabilities; developmental delay
Penetrance for gene: UBE2U were set to Complete
Review for gene: UBE2U was set to RED
gene: UBE2U was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: - one missense UBE2U variant identified in one family with four other affected individuals (includes proband)
- in silico analyses predicts the UBE2U variant to be damaging
- no functional
- another STUM missense variant identified in the same family predicted to be benign
- additional clinical assessment indicated that the family shared some systemic dysmorphisms and learning disabilities similar to RIDDLE syndrome
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.9072 GRIK2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GRIK2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9068 CACNA1I Kristin Rigbye gene: CACNA1I was added
gene: CACNA1I was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CACNA1I was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CACNA1I were set to 33704440
Phenotypes for gene: CACNA1I were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CACNA1I was set to Other
Review for gene: CACNA1I was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 different missense variants identified and shown to result in a gain of function.

2 individuals with de novo variants (a 3rd also suspected de novo but their father was unavailable for testing) - these patients all had severe neurodevelopmental disorders, involving severe global developmental delay, absence of speech, gross motor delay, muscular hypotonia, early-onset seizures, cortical visual impairment, and feeding difficulties. Variable clinical features include various brain malformations, startle response or seizures, postnatal growth retardation, gastroesophageal reflux, and gastrostomy.

1 family had three affected individuals - variable cognitive impairment in all, involving borderline intellectual functioning or mild or moderate intellectual disability as main clinical feature, with late-onset seizures in the mother and speech retardation in one of the children. This variant had a milder functional effect than the variants in sporadic cases.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.9068 ZNF668 Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: 5 individuals from 3 consanguineous families reported with different biallelic truncating (not NMD) variants in ZNF668. Phenotypes included microcephaly, growth deficiency, severe global developmental delay, brain malformation, and distinct facial dysmorphism.

Immunofluorescence indicated ZNF668 deficiency. An increased DNA damage phenotype was demonstrated in patient fibroblasts.
Sources: Literature; to: 2 consanguineous families reported with different biallelic truncating (not NMD) variants in ZNF668. Phenotypes included microcephaly, growth deficiency, severe global developmental delay, brain malformation, and distinct facial dysmorphism.

Immunofluorescence indicated ZNF668 deficiency. An increased DNA damage phenotype was demonstrated in patient fibroblasts.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.9067 ZNF668 Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: 5 individuals from 3 consanguineous families reported with different truncating (not NMD) variants in ZNF668. Phenotypes included microcephaly, growth deficiency, severe global developmental delay, brain malformation, and distinct facial dysmorphism.

Immunofluorescence indicated ZNF668 deficiency. An increased DNA damage phenotype was demonstrated in patient fibroblasts.
Sources: Literature; to: 5 individuals from 3 consanguineous families reported with different biallelic truncating (not NMD) variants in ZNF668. Phenotypes included microcephaly, growth deficiency, severe global developmental delay, brain malformation, and distinct facial dysmorphism.

Immunofluorescence indicated ZNF668 deficiency. An increased DNA damage phenotype was demonstrated in patient fibroblasts.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.9067 CFAP206 Ain Roesley gene: CFAP206 was added
gene: CFAP206 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP206 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CFAP206 were set to Multiple morphological abnormalities of the fagella
Penetrance for gene: CFAP206 were set to unknown
Review for gene: CFAP206 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 1x hom with a fs variant

Sperm from knockout mouse model mainly had a fagellum of normal length but most of them showed abnormal forms including bent and coiled fagella. There was also a significant increase of sperm cells with absent or short fagella compared to the WT mice.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.9067 ZNF668 Paul De Fazio gene: ZNF668 was added
gene: ZNF668 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF668 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ZNF668 were set to 34313816; 26633546
Phenotypes for gene: ZNF668 were set to DNA damage repair defect; microcephaly; growth deficiency; severe global developmental delay; brain malformation; facial dysmorphism
Review for gene: ZNF668 was set to GREEN
gene: ZNF668 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 5 individuals from 3 consanguineous families reported with different truncating (not NMD) variants in ZNF668. Phenotypes included microcephaly, growth deficiency, severe global developmental delay, brain malformation, and distinct facial dysmorphism.

Immunofluorescence indicated ZNF668 deficiency. An increased DNA damage phenotype was demonstrated in patient fibroblasts.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.9067 GLIS1 Seb Lunke gene: GLIS1 was added
gene: GLIS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GLIS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GLIS1 were set to 34385434
Phenotypes for gene: GLIS1 were set to Increased ocular pressure
Review for gene: GLIS1 was set to RED
Added comment: Functional studies in KO mice show increased intra-ocular pressure (IOT) caused by defects in the ocular drainage system. IOT is frequently associated with Glaucoma, however mice were not investigated for glaucoma, and no patients described.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.9065 SLC32A1 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC32A1 was added
gene: SLC32A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC32A1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SLC32A1 were set to 34038384
Phenotypes for gene: SLC32A1 were set to Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus
Review for gene: SLC32A1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 8 unrelated families reported, including segregation evidence in two large pedigrees. Variants are predicted to alter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport into synaptic vesicles, leading to altered neuronal inhibition.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.9061 G6PD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: G6PD was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.9058 EPB42 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EPB42 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9055 EPB41 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EPB41 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9052 DHFR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DHFR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9049 CYB5R3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CYB5R3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9046 CD59 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CD59 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9043 NEDD4L Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEDD4L was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.9038 AMN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AMN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9035 AK1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AK1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9032 ALAS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALAS2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.9029 ABCG5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCG5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9026 TOM1 Zornitza Stark gene: TOM1 was added
gene: TOM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TOM1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: TOM1 were set to 31263572
Phenotypes for gene: TOM1 were set to Immunodeficiency 85 and autoimmunity, MIM# 619510
Review for gene: TOM1 was set to RED
Added comment: Parent and child reported with onset of atopic eczema and recurrent respiratory infections in the first decade of life; autoimmune enteropathy with vomiting, diarrhoea, and poor overall growth. More variable features included autoimmune oligoarthritis, interstitial pneumonitis, and EBV viremia. Laboratory studies showed hypogammaglobulinaemia and abnormal T-cell function, consistent with a combined immunodeficiency. Missense variant in TOM1, with limited functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.9025 GINS2 Arina Puzriakova gene: GINS2 was added
gene: GINS2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GINS2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GINS2 were set to 34353863
Phenotypes for gene: GINS2 were set to Meier-Gorlin syndrome with craniosynostosis
Review for gene: GINS2 was set to RED
Added comment: Sa et al., 2021 (PMID: 34353863) identified a patient presenting with prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, a craniofacial gestalt of MGORS and coronal craniosynostosis. A homozygous missense variant (c.341G>T, p.Arg114Leu) in GINS2 was identified that was heterozygous in both unaffected parents. Some supportive functional data included.

GINS2 is not currently not associated with any phenotype in OMIM or G2P and no additional cases have been identified to date.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.9021 CHRM1 Bryony Thompson gene: CHRM1 was added
gene: CHRM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CHRM1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CHRM1 were set to 34212451; 31981491; 12483218
Phenotypes for gene: CHRM1 were set to Neurodevelopmental delay; intellectual disability; autism
Review for gene: CHRM1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 34212451 - 2 unrelated cases with de novo missense variants (p.Pro380Leu and p.Phe425Ser), one case with early-onset refractory epilepsy, severe disability, and progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and the second case with mild dysmorphism, global developmental delay, and moderate intellectual disability. In vitro biochemical analyses of p.Pro380Leu demonstrated a reduction in protein levels, impaired cellular trafficking, and defective activation of intracellular signaling pathways.
PMID: 31981491 - an autism spectrum disorder (no other information on phenotype, except ascertained to have severe neurodevelopmental delay) case with a de novo missense variant p.(Arg210Leu)
PMID: 12483218 - null mouse model assessing memory demonstrated selective cognitive dysfunction.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.9019 FGF20 Zornitza Stark gene: FGF20 was added
gene: FGF20 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: FGF20 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FGF20 were set to 22698282
Phenotypes for gene: FGF20 were set to Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 2, MIM#615721
Review for gene: FGF20 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Multiple affected fetuses in a consanguineous family; functional data.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.9016 ITGA8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGA8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9013 NPR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NPR2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9010 RPS6KA3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS6KA3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.9009 SHOX2 Zornitza Stark gene: SHOX2 was added
gene: SHOX2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: SHOX2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SHOX2 were set to 30443179
Phenotypes for gene: SHOX2 were set to Sinus Node Dysfunction; Atrial Fibrillation
Review for gene: SHOX2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported with LoF in this gene and AF.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.9005 KCTD7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCTD7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9001 ROR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ROR2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8998 PROP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PROP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8995 WRN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WRN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8992 POU1F1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POU1F1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8990 OPDM2 Bryony Thompson STR: OPDM2 was added
STR: OPDM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for STR: OPDM2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: OPDM2 were set to 32413282; 33374016
Phenotypes for STR: OPDM2 were set to Oculopharyngodistal myopathy 2 MIM#618940
Review for STR: OPDM2 was set to GREEN
STR: OPDM2 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_005716.4:c.-211GGC[X]
>15 Chinese families/probands with a heterozygous trinucleotide repeat expansion (CGG(n)) in 5'UTR exon 1 of the GIPC1 gene. The expansion was found by a combination of linkage analysis, whole-exome sequencing, long-range sequencing, and PCR analysis, and segregated with the disorder in the family. Repeat lengths in the patients ranged from 70 to 138. Normal repeat lengths ranged from 12 to 32.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8987 FAME2 Bryony Thompson STR: FAME2 was added
STR: FAME2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for STR: FAME2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: FAME2 were set to 11701600; 24114805; 31664034
Phenotypes for STR: FAME2 were set to Epilepsy, familial adult myoclonic, 2 MIM#607876
Review for STR: FAME2 was set to GREEN
STR: FAME2 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_020151.3(STARD7):c.291-1572ATTTT[X]ATTTC[X]
158 affected individuals from 22 unrelated families with familial adult myoclonic epilepsy with a heterozygous 5-bp repeat expansion (ATTTC)n in intron 1. Affected individuals had variable expansion of an endogenous (ATTTT)n repeat in addition to the insertion of an abnormal (ATTTC)n repeat, similar molecular finding in other forms of FAME. RNA sequencing from patient derived fibroblasts shows no accumulation of the AUUUU or AUUUC repeat sequences and no effect on STARD7 gene expression, suggesting ATTTC expansions may cause FAME irrespective of the genomic locus involved.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8981 PI4KA Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PI4KA: Added comment: Neurodevelopmental syndrome with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: 10 unrelated patients harbouring biallelic variants in PI4KA reported with a spectrum of severe global neurodevelopmental delay, hypomyelination, and developmental brain abnormalities, and pure spastic paraplegia. Some patients presented immunological deficits or genito-urinary abnormalities. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed decreased PI4KA levels in the patients' fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence and targeted lipidomics indicated that PI4KA activity was diminished in fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 25855803, 34415322; Changed phenotypes: Polymicrogyria, perisylvian, with cerebellar hypoplasia and arthrogryposis, MIM# 616531, Neurodevelopmental syndrome with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy
Mendeliome v0.8980 NIID Bryony Thompson STR: NIID was added
STR: NIID was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for STR: NIID was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: NIID were set to 31178126; 31332381; 31819945; 33887199; 33943039; 32250060; 31332380; 32852534; 32989102; 34333668
Phenotypes for STR: NIID were set to Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease MIM#603472; Oculopharyngodistal myopathy 3 MIM#619473; Tremor, hereditary essential, 6 MIM#618866
Review for STR: NIID was set to GREEN
STR: NIID was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_001364012.2:c.-164GGC[X]
Expanded repeat in NOTCH2NLC sequence is (GGC)9(GGA)2(GGC)2.
Large number of families and sporadic cases reported with expansions, with a range of neurodegenerative phenotypes, including: dementia, Parkinsonism/tremor, peripheral neuropathy, leukoencephalopathy, myopathy, motor neurone disease.
Normal repeat range: 4-40, 1 control had 61 repeats and may have been a presymptomatic carrier.
Intermediate range: 41-60 identified in Parkinson's disease
Pathogenic repeat range: >=60-520
Mechanism of disease is translation of repeat expansion into a toxic polyglycine protein, identified in both mouse models and tissue samples from affected individuals.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8977 SUCO Bryony Thompson gene: SUCO was added
gene: SUCO was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SUCO was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SUCO were set to 29620724; 20440000
Phenotypes for gene: SUCO were set to Osteogenesis imperfecta
Review for gene: SUCO was set to AMBER
Added comment: A single case with diffuse osteopenia, multiple fractures with limb deformities, and short long bones, with biallelic variants (a missense and a splice site variant). Also, a null mouse model with acute onset skeletal defects that include impaired bone formation and spontaneous fractures.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8974 IGFALS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IGFALS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8972 FAME1 Bryony Thompson STR: FAME1 was added
STR: FAME1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: FAME1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for STR: FAME1 were set to 30194086; 29507423
Phenotypes for STR: FAME1 were set to Epilepsy, familial adult myoclonic, 1 MIM#601068
Review for STR: FAME1 was set to GREEN
STR: FAME1 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NC_000008.10:g.119379055_119379157TGAAA[X]TAAAA[X]
A heterozygous or homozygous 5-bp expanded TTTCA(n) insertion associated with an upstream 5-bp TTTTA(n) repeat expansion in a noncoding region within intron 4 of the SAMD12 gene, was identified in over 50 Chinese and Japanese families. 4 homozygous cases from 3 families had a more severe phenotype. The TTTTA repeat was present in controls, while the TTTCA was absent and only present in cases (100-3680 repeats reported). RNA toxicity is expected to be the mechanism of disease.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.8969 MYO1H Zornitza Stark gene: MYO1H was added
gene: MYO1H was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MYO1H was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MYO1H were set to 28779001
Phenotypes for gene: MYO1H were set to Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, 2, and autonomic dysfunction, MIM#619482
Review for gene: MYO1H was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported with three affected children, homozygous LoF variant.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8966 BLM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BLM was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8963 PRKDC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKDC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8960 TBX1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TBX1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8959 TBX1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: TBX1.
Mendeliome v0.8957 RTEL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RTEL1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8954 RMRP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RMRP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8951 RFX5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RFX5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8947 TYK2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TYK2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8944 RAG1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAG1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8941 RAG2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAG2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8937 RAC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: RAC2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.8936 RAC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAC2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8933 GLI2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GLI2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8930 GHSR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GHSR was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8925 GHRHR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GHRHR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8922 GHR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GHR was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8920 SCA12 Bryony Thompson STR: SCA12 was added
STR: SCA12 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA12 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: SCA12 were set to 27864267; 33811808
Phenotypes for STR: SCA12 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 12 MIM#604326
Review for STR: SCA12 was set to GREEN
STR: SCA12 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_181675.3:c.27CAG[X]
Uncertain if CAG repeat encodes polyglutamine or instead effects expression of specific splice variants of the encoded phosphatase
Normal: ≤32 repeats
Uncertain: ~40-50 repeats have been reported, 43 repeats is the lowest reported in an established affected individual in a family with SCA12
Established pathogenic (used as diagnostic cut-off): ≥51 repeats
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.8915 WDR11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR11 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8911 GH1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GH1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8908 EPHX1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EPHX1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8898 TRPS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPS1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8895 FGD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FGD1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.8892 BRD4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BRD4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8889 ZNF699 Zornitza Stark gene: ZNF699 was added
gene: ZNF699 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF699 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ZNF699 were set to 33875846
Phenotypes for gene: ZNF699 were set to DEGCAGS syndrome, MIM# 619488
Review for gene: ZNF699 was set to GREEN
Added comment: DEGCAGS syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, coarse and dysmorphic facial features, and poor growth and feeding apparent from infancy. Affected individuals have variable systemic manifestations often with significant structural defects of the cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and/or skeletal systems. Additional features may include sensorineural hearing loss, hypotonia, anaemia or pancytopaenia, and immunodeficiency with recurrent infections.

12 unrelated families reported, 5 different homozygous frameshift variants.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8880 PAPPA2 Zornitza Stark gene: PAPPA2 was added
gene: PAPPA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PAPPA2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PAPPA2 were set to 26902202; 34272725; 32739295
Phenotypes for gene: PAPPA2 were set to Short stature, Dauber-Argente type, MIM#619489
Review for gene: PAPPA2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Short stature of the Dauber-Argente type (SSDA) is characterized by progressive postnatal growth failure, moderate microcephaly, thin long bones, and mildly decreased bone density. Patients have elevated circulating levels of total IGF1 due to impaired proteolysis of IGFBP3 and IGFBP5, resulting in reduced free IGF1.

7 individuals from 3 unrelated families reported, mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8877 ATR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8875 SHOX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SHOX was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8874 SHOX Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: SHOX.
Mendeliome v0.8872 ORC4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ORC4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8869 ORC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ORC1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8866 ORC6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ORC6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8863 IGF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IGF1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8862 IGF2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IGF2 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, maternally imprinted (paternal allele expressed)
Mendeliome v0.8859 OBSL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OBSL1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8856 PIK3R1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIK3R1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8853 PLAG1 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PLAG1: Added comment: Additional families reported, upgrade to Green.

Silver-Russell syndrome-4 (SRS4) is characterised by intrauterine growth retardation followed by feeding difficulties and postnatal growth restriction. Dysmorphic facial features include triangular face and prominent forehead, and relative macrocephaly at birth may be observed. So far 4 families have been reported with some functional studies of the role of the gene in the growth pathway.

Abi Habib et al. (2018) reported 1 family (child, sister and mother) patient with Silver-Russell syndrome (with normal methylation on chromosomes 7, 11, and 14, and exclusion of maternal UPD and chromosomal rearrangements). Using WES they identified a heterozygous 1-bp deletion in the PLAG1 gene. The variant segregated with disease, and was not present in polymorphism databases or ExAC. They also reported another patient with a different heterozygous 1-bp deletion in the PLAG1 gene. This was not found in her unaffected twin brother, older brother, or parents. Experiments in Hep3b cells demonstrated that PLAG1 positively regulates expression of the IGF2 promoter P3, independently and via the HMGA2-PLAG1-IGF2 pathway. Disruption of any gene in the pathway results in a decrease in IGF2 expression and produces an SRS phenotype similar to that of patients carrying 11p15.5 epigenetic defects (SRS1; 180860), except for body asymmetry, which is not expected to occur since the molecular defects are present in all cells of the body, unlike the mosaic epigenetic changes at the 11p15.5 locus.

Inoue et al. (2020) reported 1 family with 2 affected people with Silver-Russell syndrome with a nonsense variant in the PLAG1 gene, which segregated with disease.

Vado et al. (2020) reported 1 family with multiple affected people with Silver-Russell syndrome with a frameshift variant in the PLAG1 gene, which segregated with disease.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 28796236, 29913240, 33291420, 32546215
Mendeliome v0.8851 WIPF1 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: WIPF1 were changed from to Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 2 MIM# 614493; Reduced T cells; defective lymphocyte responses to anti-CD3; high IgE; Thrombocytopenia with or without small platelets; recurrent bacterial and viral Infections; eczema; bloody diarrhoea; gastrointestinal bleeding; WAS protein absent
Mendeliome v0.8849 WIPF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WIPF1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8845 TCN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TCN2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8842 TAP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TAP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8839 TAP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TAP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8837 PGRMC1 Bryony Thompson Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: PGRMC1.
Mendeliome v0.8836 WIPF1 Danielle Ariti reviewed gene: WIPF1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22231303, 27742395, 11869681, 14757742; Phenotypes: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 2 MIM# 614493, Reduced T cells, defective lymphocyte responses to anti-CD3, high IgE, Thrombocytopenia with or without small platelets, recurrent bacterial and viral Infections, eczema, bloody diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding, WAS protein absent; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8835 ALS2 Teresa Zhao gene: ALS2 was added
gene: ALS2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ALS2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ALS2 were set to PMID: 30128655; 33409823
Phenotypes for gene: ALS2 were set to Infantile onset ascending spastic paralysis (MIM#607225); Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (MIM#205100); Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis (MIM#606353)
Review for gene: ALS2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: >50 variants reported in multiple individuals with Infantile onset ascending spastic paralysis, mostly originated from the Middle East and Mediterranean countries.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8835 RNF220 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: RNF220.
Mendeliome v0.8834 RNF220 Zornitza Stark gene: RNF220 was added
gene: RNF220 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RNF220 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RNF220 were set to 33964137; 10881263
Phenotypes for gene: RNF220 were set to Leukodystrophy; CNS hypomyelination; Ataxia; Intellectual disability; Sensorineural hearing impairment; Elevated hepatic transaminases; Hepatic fibrosis; Dilated cardiomyopathy; Spastic paraplegia; Dysarthria; Abnormality of the corpus callosum
Review for gene: RNF220 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Sferra et al (2021 - PMID: 33964137) provide extensive evidence that biallelic RNF220 mutations cause a disorder characterized by hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, ataxia (9/9 - onset 1-5y), borderline intellectual functioning (3/9) / intellectual disability (5/9 - in most cases mild), sensorineural deafness (9/9) with complete hearing loss in the first decade of life, hepatopathy (9/9) with associated periportal fibrosis, and dilated cardiomyopathy (9/9) which was fatal.

Other neurologic manifestations apart from ataxia incl. hyperreflexia (8/8), spastic paraplegia (9/9), dysarthria (9/9), peripheral neuropathy (4/9), seizures in one case (1/9). Upon brain MRI there was thin corpus callosum (9/9) or cerebellar atrophy in some (2/9).

The authors identified homozygosity for 2 recurrent missense RNF220 variants in affected members belonging to these 5 broad consanguineous pedigrees (7 families), namely NM_018150.4:c.1094G>A / p.Arg365Gly in 4 Roma families in the context of a shared haplotype (/founder effect) as well as c.1088G>A / p.Arg363Gly in a large pedigree from southern Italy initially reported by Leuzzi et al (2000 - PMID: 10881263).

Extensive segregation analyses were carried out including several affected and unaffected members.

RNF220 encodes ring finger protein 220, which functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Previous studies have shown among others a role in modulation of Sonic hedgehog/GLI signaling and cerebellar development

Evidence for the role of RNF220 included relevant expression, localization within the cell, interaction partners (lamin B1, 20S proteasome), similarities with other laminopathies in terms of phenotype, etc :
*RNF220 has a relevant expression pattern in CNS (based on qRT-PCR analyses in human brain, cerebellum, cerebral cortex / mRNA levels in human fetal CNS with higher expression in cerebellum, spinal cord and cortex / previous GTEx data / protein levels in mouse CNS)
*The protein displays nuclear localization based on iPSC cells differentiated to motor neurons (also supported by data from the Human Protein Atlas). Transfection of COS-1 cells demonstrated localization primarily to the nucleus (as also previously demonstrated in HEK293T cells) in vesicle like structures with ASF2/SF2 colocalization suggesting enrichment in nuclear speckles. There was also partial co-distribution with the 20S proteasome. R363Q and R365Q additionally coalesced in the cytoplasm forming protein aggregates/inclusions.
*Immunofluorescence studies in patient fibroblasts also confirmed abnormal increase of the protein in the cytoplasm and increased fluorescence with the 20S proteasome.
*Proteomic identification of RNF220-interacting proteins in transfected HEK293T cells demonstrated enrichment for all members of the lamin protein family (incl . lamin B1, AC, B2).
*RNAi-mediated downregulation of RNF222 in Drosophila suggested altered subcellular localization and accumulation of the fly orthologue for human lamin B1.
*Immunoprecipitation of lamin B1 from the nuclear matrix of cerebellar cells suggested significant interaction of endogenous lamin B1 with RNF220, while transfection studies in HEK293T cells for wt/mt suggested reduced binding to endogenous lamin B1 for RNF220 mt compared to wt (more prominent for R365Q). RNF220 mutants also reduced ubiquitination of nuclear lamin B1 compared to wt.
*Patient fibroblasts immunostained with different nuclear envelope markers displayed abnormal nuclear shapes with multiple invaginations and lobulations, findings also observed in laminopathies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8831 NBAS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NBAS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8829 ARF3 Zornitza Stark gene: ARF3 was added
gene: ARF3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARF3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ARF3 were set to 34346499
Phenotypes for gene: ARF3 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Morphological abnormality of the central nervous system
Review for gene: ARF3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Sakamoto et al (2021 - PMID: 34346499) provide some evidence that monoallelic ARF3 pathogenic variants may be associated with a NDD with brain abnormality.

Using trio exome sequencing, the authors identified 2 individuals with NDD harboring de novo ARF3 variants, namely: NM_001659.2:c.200A>T / p.Asp67Val and c.296G>T / p.Arg99Leu.

Individual 1 (with Asp67Val / age : 4y10m), appeared to be more severelely affected with prenatal onset progressive microcephaly, severe global DD, epilepsy. Upon MRI there was cerebellar and brainstem atrophy. Individual 2 (Arg99Leu / 14y) had severe DD and ID (IQ of 23), epilepsy and upon MRI cerebellar hypoplasia. This subject did not exhibit microcephaly. Common facial features incl. broad nose, full cheeks, small philtrum, strabismus, thin upper lips and abnormal jaw. There was no evidence of systemic involvement in both.

ARF3 encodes ADP-ribosylation factor 3. Adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factors (ARFs) are key proteins for regulation of cargo sorting at the Golgi network, with ARF3 mainly working at the trans-Golgi network. ARFs belong to the small GTP-binding protein (G protein) superfamily. ARF3 switches between an active GTP-bound form and an inactive GDP-bound form, regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) respectively.

Members of the ARF superfamily regulate various aspects of membrane traffic, among others in neurons.

There are 5 homologs of ARF families, divided in 3 classes. ARF3 and ARF1 belong to class I. Monoallelic ARF1 mutations are associated with Periventricular nodular heterotopia 8 (MIM 618185).

In vivo, in vitro and in silico studies for the 2 variants suggest that both impair the Golgi transport system although each variant most likely exerts a different effect (gain-of-function for Arg99Leu vs loss-of-function/dominant-negative for Asp67Val).

This was also reflected in somewhat different phenotype of the subjects with the respective variants. Common features included severe DD, epilepsy and brain abnormalities although Asp67Val was associated with diffuse brain atrophy as well as congenital microcephaly and Arg99Leu with cerebellar hypoplasia.

Evidence to support the effect of each variant include:

Arg99Leu:
Had identical Golgi localization to that of wt
Had increased binding activity with GGA1, a protein recruited by the GTP-bound active form of ARF3 to the TGN membrane (supporting GoF)
In silico structural analysis suggested it may fail to stabilize the conformation of Asp26, resulting in impaired GTP hydrolysis (GoF).
In transgenic fruit flies, evaluation of the ARF3 variant toxicity using the rough eye phenotype this variant was associated with increased severity of the r-e phenotype similar to a previously studied GoF variant (Gln71Leu)

Asp67Val:
Did not show a Golgi-like pattern of localization (similar to Thr31Asn a previously studied dominant-negative variant)
Displayed decreased protein stability
In silico structural analysis suggested that Asp67Val may lead to compromised binding of GTP or GDP (suggestive of LoF)
In transgenic Drosophila eye-specific expression of Asp67Val (similar to Thr31Asn, a known dominant-negative variant) was lethal possibly due to high toxicity in very small amounts in tissues outside the eye.

There is no associated phenotype in OMIM, G2P or SysID.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8826 CEP57 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP57 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8824 PLXNA2 Zornitza Stark gene: PLXNA2 was added
gene: PLXNA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLXNA2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PLXNA2 were set to 34327814
Phenotypes for gene: PLXNA2 were set to Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the face; Failure to thrive; Abnormal heart morphology
Review for gene: PLXNA2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Altuame et al (2021 - PMID: 34327814) describe 3 individuals from 2 consanguineous Arab families with biallelic PLXNA2 variants.

The index patient from the 1st family presented with CHD (hypoplastic right ventricle, ASD), DD and moderate ID (IQ of 40), failure to thrive as well as some dysmorphic features (obtuse mandibular angle, mild overbite, synophrys with downslanting p-f, strabismus, etc). There were additional features (eg. postaxial polydactyly) which were found in other affected and unaffected family members.

Exome sequencing with autozygome analysis revealed homozygosity for a PLXNA2 stopgain variant (NM_025179:c.3603C>A / p.(Cys1201*)).

Sanger confirmation was carried out and segregation analyses confirmed carrier status of the unaffected parents and a sib as well as a brother homozygous for the same variant. Clinical evaluation of the latter, following this finding revealed borderline intellectual functioning, ADHD, failure to thrive. There was no mandibular anomaly or overbite and no clinical evidence of CHD (no echo performed).

The index patient from the 2nd consanguineous family was evaluated for ID (IQ of 63), with previous borderline motor development, ADHD and some dysmorphic features (obtuse mandibular angle and overbite). There was no clinical evidence of CHD (no echo performed).

Exome sequencing with autozygosity mapping revealed a homozygous missense PLXNA2 variant (c.3073G>A / p.(Asp1025Asn), present only once in gnomAD (htz), with rather non-concordant in silico predictions SIFT 0.22, PolyPhen 0.682 and CADD 23.5. The aa was however highly conserved.

Segregation analysis confirmed carrier state of the parents and 2 unaffected sibs, with a 3rd sib homozygous for the wt allele.

As the authors discuss:
*PLXNA2 belongs to the plexin family of genes, encoding transmbembrane proteins functioning as semaphorin receptors. It has predominant expression in neural tissue. The protein is thought to bind semaphorin-3A, -3C or -5 followed by plexin A2 dimerization, activation of its GTPase-activating protein domain, negative regulation of Rap1B GTPase and initiation of a signal transduction cascade mediating axonal repulsion/guidance, dendritic guidance, neuronal migration.
*Murine Plxna2 knockout models display structural brain defects. In addition they display congenital heart defects incl. persistent truncus arteriosus and interrupted aortic arch.
*Rare CNVs in adult humans with tetralogy of Fallot have suggested a potential role of PLXNA2 in cardiac development and CHD.
*Expression and the role of PLXNA2 in human chondrocytes as well as a GWAS in 240 japanese patients with mandibular prognathism where PLXNA2 was suggested as a susceptibility locus.

Overall, the authors recognize some common features (as for cognitive functioning, some dysmorphic features incl. obtuse mandibular angle and overbite in 2 unrelated subjects, failure to thrive 3/3) and provide plausible explanations for the variability / discordance of others eg:
- Cyanotic heart disease explaining discordance in cognitive outcome among sibs
- Incomplete penetrance for CHD (and/or ID or mandibular anomaly) as for few AR disorders and/or
- Additional pathogenic variants possibly explaining the CHD in the first subject.

There is no associated phenotype in OMIM or G2P. SysID includes PLXNA2 among the candidate ID genes.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8823 SLC51A Zornitza Stark gene: SLC51A was added
gene: SLC51A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC51A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC51A were set to 31863603
Phenotypes for gene: SLC51A were set to Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic, 6, MIM# 619484
Review for gene: SLC51A was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported with homozygous LoF variant, who presented with chronic malabsorptive diarrhoea, easy bruising, episodes of prolonged bleeding that required blood transfusions, and failure to thrive. Laboratory testing at age 2.5 years showed elevated liver transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. Liver biopsy demonstrated portal and periportal fibrosis and hepatocytes with foci of hepatocytic cholestasis. Analysis of bile acids in a blood spot were normal. Treatment with ursodiol and cholestyramine was started at 5 years of age. The coagulopathy resolved and his growth was adequate, but his liver transaminases, direct bilirubin, and GGT levels remained elevated.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8819 MOCOS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MOCOS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8816 HNMT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HNMT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8813 BLNK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BLNK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8810 AICDA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AICDA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8807 VPS50 Zornitza Stark gene: VPS50 was added
gene: VPS50 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS50 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: VPS50 were set to 34037727
Phenotypes for gene: VPS50 were set to Neonatal cholestatic liver disease; Failure to thrive; Profound global developmental delay; Postnatal microcephaly; Seizures; Abnormality of the corpus callosum
Review for gene: VPS50 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Schneeberger et al (2021 - PMID: 34037727) describe the phenotype of 2 unrelated individuals with biallelic VPS50 variants.

Common features included transient neonatal cholestasis, failure to thrive, severe DD with failure to achieve milestones (last examination at 2y and 2y2m respectively), postnatal microcephaly, seizures (onset at 6m and 25m) and irritability. There was corpus callosum hypoplasia on brain imaging.

Both individuals were homozygous for variants private to each family (no/not known consanguinity applying to each case). The first individual was homozygous for a splicing variant (NM_017667.4:c.1978-1G>T) and had a similarly unaffected sister deceased with no available DNA for testing. The other individual was homozygous for an in-frame deletion (c.1823_1825delCAA / p.(Thr608del)).

VPS50 encodes a critical component of the endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) complex, which functions in recycling endocytic vesicles back to the plasma membrane [OMIM based on Schindler et al]. The complex contains VPS50, VPS51, VPS52, VPS53, the three latter also being components of GARP (Golgi-associated-retrograde protein) complex. GARP contains VPS54 instead of VPS50 and is required for trafficking of proteins to the trans-golgi network. Thus VPS50 (also named syndetin) and VPS54 function in the EARP and GARP complexes, to define directional movement of their endocytic vesicles [OMIM based on Schindler et al]. The VPS50 subunit is required for recycling of the transferrin receptor.

As discussed by Schneeberger et al (refs provided in text):
- VPS50 has a high expression in mouse and human brain as well as throughout mouse brain development.
- Mice deficient for Vps50 have not been reported. vps50 knockdown in zebrafish results in severe developmental defects of the body axis. Knockout mice for other proteins of the EARP/GARP complex (e.g. Vps52, 53 and 54) display embryonic lethality.

Studies performed by Schneeberger et al included:
- Transcript analysis for the 1st variant demonstrated skipping of ex21 (in patient derived fabriblasts) leading to an in frame deletion of 81 bp (r.1978_2058del) with predicted loss of 27 residues (p.Leu660_Leu686del).
- Similar VPS50 mRNA levels but significant reduction of protein levels (~5% and ~8% of controls) were observed in fibroblasts from patients 1 and 2. Additionally, significant reductions in the amounts of VPS52 and VPS53 protein levels were observed despite mRNA levels similar to controls. Overall, this suggested drastic reduction of functional EARP complex levels.
- Lysosomes appeared to have similar morphology, cellular distribution and likely unaffected function in patient fibroblasts.
- Transferrin receptor recycling was shown to be delayed in patient fibroblasts suggestive of compromise of endocytic-recycling function.

As the authors comment, the phenotype of both individuals with biallelic VPS50 variants overlaps with the corresponding phenotype reported in 15 subjects with biallelic VPS53 or VPS51 mutations notably, severe DD/ID, microcephaly and early onset epilepsy, CC anomalies. Overall, for this group, they propose the term "GARP and/or EARP deficiency disorders".

There is no VPS50-associated phenotype in OMIM or G2P. SysID includes VPS50 among the ID candidate genes.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8805 SP6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SP6 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8803 AMTN Zornitza Stark gene: AMTN was added
gene: AMTN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: AMTN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: AMTN were set to 27412008; 25715379; 26620968
Phenotypes for gene: AMTN were set to Amelogenesis imperfecta, type IIIB
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: AMTN was set to Other
Review for gene: AMTN was set to RED
Added comment: In a Costa Rican family segregating autosomal dominant hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta, Smith et al. (2016) identified a heterozygous deletion/insertion mutation in the amelotin gene that segregated with the phenotype in the family. The mutation was predicted to result in an in-frame deletion of 92 amino acids, shortening the protein from 209 to 117 amino acids. Mode of pathogenicity not established. Toxic gain of function proposed as Atmn KO and +/- mice did not recapitulate the human phenotype.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.8800 WDR72 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR72 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8797 SLC24A4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC24A4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8794 ROGDI Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ROGDI was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8792 RELT Zornitza Stark gene: RELT was added
gene: RELT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: RELT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RELT were set to 30506946
Phenotypes for gene: RELT were set to Amelogenesis imperfecta, type IIIC, MIM# 618386
Review for gene: RELT was set to GREEN
Added comment: Amelogenesis imperfecta type IIIC is characterized by hypocalcified enamel in both the primary and secondary dentition. The enamel is rough and yellow-brown; under normal use, the enamel disintegrates from occlusal surfaces of the molars, leaving a ring of intact enamel remaining on the sides. At least 3 families and a mouse model.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.8789 LAMB3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMB3 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8782 KLK4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLK4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8780 ITGB6 Zornitza Stark gene: ITGB6 was added
gene: ITGB6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGB6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ITGB6 were set to 25431241; 26695873; 24305999; 24319098
Phenotypes for gene: ITGB6 were set to Amelogenesis imperfecta, type IH, MIM# 616221
Review for gene: ITGB6 was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least 3 unrelated families reported.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.8777 STAT3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STAT3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8774 STK4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STK4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8773 SP110 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: SP110.
Mendeliome v0.8771 SP110 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SP110 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8768 SMARCAL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMARCAL1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8765 GPR68 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GPR68 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8762 FAM83H Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM83H was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8759 ENAM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ENAM was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8756 FAM20A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM20A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8753 C4orf26 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: C4orf26 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8750 AMELX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AMELX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.8749 AMELX Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: AMELX.
Mendeliome v0.8747 AMBN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AMBN was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8741 TCF7L2 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 2 reviews
Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)
I don't know

Dias et al (2021 - PMID: 34003604) describe the phenotype of 11 unrelated individuals harboring de novo missense/truncating TCF7L2 variants.

Features included DD in childhood (motor delay in 8/11, speech delay in 11/11), intellectual abilities ranging from average cognitive functioning to mild/moderate ID (the latter observed in 5/11), myopia (6/11) , dysmorphic features, variable orthopedic findings, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities incl. ASD (4/11) / ADHD (4/11).

One additional (12th) individual was excluded from this summary due to concurrent diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic injury.

TCF7L2 on 10q25 encodes transcription factor 7-like 2, a high mobility group (HMG) box-containing transcription factor. As the authors discuss, the protein mediates canonical Wnt signaling. Secreted Wnt proteins lead to release of beta-catenin (CTNNB1) which after translocation to the nucleus acts with DNA-binding factors incl. TCF7L2 to turn on Wnt-responsive target genes. As a result TCF7L2 acts with beta-catenin as a switch for transcriptional regulation. Multiple alternative spliced TCF7L2 transcripts mediate it's function and specificity of transcriptional repertoire in a variety of tissues and contexts.

Dias et al provide references for its role in nervous system development incl. neurogenesis and thalamic development.

Variants in all cases occurred as de novo events with pLoF (stopgain, frameshift, splicing) ones predicted to lead to NMD. Missense variants occurred in all cases in or adjacent to the HMG box domain [aa 350-417]. 5 different missense variants affecting 3 residues were reported incl. c.1142A>C, c.1143C>G (leading to Asn381Thr/Lys respectively), c.1250G>T (Trp417Leu), c.1267T>C, c.1268A>G (leading to Tyr423His/Cys) [NM_001146274.1].

The gene has a pLI of 0.99-1 gnomAD/ExAC while there is a region of missense constraint encompassing the HMG box domain (the latter is an evolutionary conserved region mediating interactions with DNA).

No phenotypic differences were observed among individuals with pLoF and missense SNVs, and haploinsufficiency is presumed to be the underlying mechanism.

There are no variant or other studies performed, nor any animal models discussed.

In supplementary table 2, the authors provide several references to previous large scale sequencing studies with brief/incomplete descriptions of individuals de novo TCF7L2 variants and neurodevelopmental disorder (ID/ASD - Iossifov, De Rubeis, Lelieveld, McRae/DDD study and many other Refs).

Heterozygous TCF7L2 variants are thought to confer susceptibility to type diabetes mellitus (MIM 125853). Individuals reported by Dias et al did not have endocrine abnormalities including DM. A study by Roychowdhury et al (2021 - PMID: 34265237) suggests that regulatory variants in TCF7L2 are associated with thoracic aneurysm.

There is no other associated phenotype (notably NDD) in OMIM.
G2P includes TCF7L2 in its DD panel (Disease : TC7L2-related DD, Confidence:confirmed, Monoallelic, LoF).
SysID includes this gene within the autism candidate genes and current primary ID genes.; to: Dias et al (2021 - PMID: 34003604) describe the phenotype of 11 unrelated individuals harboring de novo missense/truncating TCF7L2 variants.

Features included DD in childhood (motor delay in 8/11, speech delay in 11/11), intellectual abilities ranging from average cognitive functioning to mild/moderate ID (the latter observed in 5/11), myopia (6/11) , dysmorphic features, variable orthopedic findings, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities incl. ASD (4/11) / ADHD (4/11).

One additional (12th) individual was excluded from this summary due to concurrent diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic injury.

TCF7L2 on 10q25 encodes transcription factor 7-like 2, a high mobility group (HMG) box-containing transcription factor. As the authors discuss, the protein mediates canonical Wnt signaling. Secreted Wnt proteins lead to release of beta-catenin (CTNNB1) which after translocation to the nucleus acts with DNA-binding factors incl. TCF7L2 to turn on Wnt-responsive target genes. As a result TCF7L2 acts with beta-catenin as a switch for transcriptional regulation. Multiple alternative spliced TCF7L2 transcripts mediate it's function and specificity of transcriptional repertoire in a variety of tissues and contexts.

Dias et al provide references for its role in nervous system development incl. neurogenesis and thalamic development.

Variants in all cases occurred as de novo events with pLoF (stopgain, frameshift, splicing) ones predicted to lead to NMD. Missense variants occurred in all cases in or adjacent to the HMG box domain [aa 350-417]. 5 different missense variants affecting 3 residues were reported incl. c.1142A>C, c.1143C>G (leading to Asn381Thr/Lys respectively), c.1250G>T (Trp417Leu), c.1267T>C, c.1268A>G (leading to Tyr423His/Cys) [NM_001146274.1].

The gene has a pLI of 0.99-1 gnomAD/ExAC while there is a region of missense constraint encompassing the HMG box domain (the latter is an evolutionary conserved region mediating interactions with DNA).

No phenotypic differences were observed among individuals with pLoF and missense SNVs, and haploinsufficiency is presumed to be the underlying mechanism.

There are no variant or other studies performed, nor any animal models discussed.

In supplementary table 2, the authors provide several references to previous large scale sequencing studies with brief/incomplete descriptions of individuals de novo TCF7L2 variants and neurodevelopmental disorder (ID/ASD - Iossifov, De Rubeis, Lelieveld, McRae/DDD study and many other Refs).

Heterozygous TCF7L2 variants are thought to confer susceptibility to type diabetes mellitus (MIM 125853). Individuals reported by Dias et al did not have endocrine abnormalities including DM. A study by Roychowdhury et al (2021 - PMID: 34265237) suggests that regulatory variants in TCF7L2 are associated with thoracic aneurysm.

There is no other associated phenotype (notably NDD) in OMIM.
G2P includes TCF7L2 in its DD panel (Disease : TC7L2-related DD, Confidence:confirmed, Monoallelic, LoF).
SysID includes this gene within the autism candidate genes and current primary ID genes.
Mendeliome v0.8739 LTBP3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LTBP3 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8738 ARIH1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARIH1 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8736 PIDD1 Zornitza Stark gene: PIDD1 was added
gene: PIDD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: PIDD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PIDD1 were set to 28397838; 29302074; 33414379; 34163010
Phenotypes for gene: PIDD1 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Autism; Behavioral abnormality; Psychosis; Pachygyria; Lissencephaly; Abnormality of the corpus callosum
Review for gene: PIDD1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: There is enough evidence to include this gene in the current panel with green rating.

Biallelic PIDD1 pathogenic variants have been reported in 26 individuals (11 families) with DD (all), variable degrees of ID (mild to severe), behavioral (eg. aggression/self-mutilation in several, ADHD) and/or psychiatric abnormalities (ASD, psychosis in 5 belonging to 3 families), well-controlled epilepsy is some (9 subjects from 6 families) and MRI abnormalities notably abnormal gyration pattern (pachygyria with predominant anterior gradient) as well as corpus callosum anomalies (commonly thinning) in several. Dysmorphic features have been reported in almost all, although there has been no specific feature suggested.

The first reports on the phenotype associated with biallelic PIDD1 mutations were made by Harripaul et al (2018 - PMID: 28397838) and Hu et al (2019 - PMID: 29302074) [both studies investigating large cohorts of individuals with ID from consanguineous families].

Sheikh et al (2021 - PMID: 33414379) provided details on the phenotype of 15 individuals from 5 families including those from the previous 2 reports and studied provided evidence on the role of PIDD1 and the effect of variants.

Zaki et al (2021 - PMID: 34163010) reported 11 additional individuals from 6 consanguineous families, summarize the features of all subjects published in the literature and review the neuroradiological features of the disorder.

PIDD1 encodes p53-induced death domain protein 1. The protein is part of the PIDDosome, a multiprotein complex also composed of the bipartite linker protein CRADD (also known as RAIDD) and the proform of caspase-2 and induces apoptosis in response to DNA damage.

There are 5 potential PIDD1 mRNA transcript variants with NM_145886.4 corresponding to the longest. Similar to the protein encoded by CRADD, PIDD1 contains a death domain (DD - aa 774-893). Constitutive post-translational processing gives PIDD1-N, PIDD1-C the latter further processed into PIDD1-CC (by auto-cleavage). Serine residues at pos. 446 and 588 are involved in this autoprocessing generating PIDD1-C (aa 446-910) and PIDD1-CC (aa 774-893). The latter is needed for caspase-2 activation.

Most (if not all) individuals belonged to consanguineous families of different origins and harbored pLoF or missense variants.

Variants reported so far include : c.2587C>T; p.Gln863* / c.1909C>T ; p.Arg637* / c.2443C>T / p.Arg815Trp / c.2275-1G>A which upon trap assay was shown to lead to skipping of ex15 with direct splicing form exon14 to the terminal exon 16 (resulting to p.Arg759Glyfs*1 with exlcusion of the entire DD) / c.2584C>T; p.Arg862Trp / c.1340G>A; p.Trp447* / c.2116_2120del; p.Val706His*, c.1564_1565del; p.Gly602fs*26

Evidence so far provided includes:
- Biallelic CRADD variants cause a NDD disorder and a highly similar gyration pattern.
- Confirmation of splicing effect (eg. for c.2275-1G>A premature stop in position 760) or poor expression (NM_145886.3:c.2587C>T; p.Gln863*). Arg815Trp did not affect autoprocessing or protein stability.
- Abnormal localization pattern, loss of interaction with CRADD and failure to activate caspase-2 (MDM2 cleavage assay) [p.Gln863* and Arg815Trp]
- Available expression data from GTEx (PIDD1 having broad expression in multiple tissues, but higher in brain cerebellum) as well as BrainSpan and PsychEncode studies suggesting high coexpression of PIDD1, CRADD and CASP2 in many regions in the developing human brain.
- Variants in other genes encoding proteins interacting with PIDD1 (MADD, FADD, DNAJ, etc) are associated with NDD.

Pidd-1 ko mice (ex3-15 removal) lack however CNS-related phenotypes. These show decreased anxiety but no motor anomalies. This has also been the case with Cradd-/- mice displaying no significant CNS phenotypes without lamination defects.

There is currently no associated phenotype in OMIM. PIDD1 is listed in the DD panel of G2P (PIDD1-related NDD / biallelic / loss of function / probable) . SysID includes PIDD1 among the current primary ID genes.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.8734 COLGALT1 Bryony Thompson gene: COLGALT1 was added
gene: COLGALT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: COLGALT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: COLGALT1 were set to 30412317; 33709034; 31759980
Phenotypes for gene: COLGALT1 were set to Brain small vessel disease 3 MIM#618360
Review for gene: COLGALT1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 3 unrelated cases with biallelic variants, and supporting functional assays. The main features of the cases were porencephalic cysts, leukoencephalopathy, lacunar infarcts, cerebral microbleeds/haemorrhages and calcifications. A null mouse model was embryonic lethal, but had defects in the vascular networks of the embryos.
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v0.8732 JAKMIP1 Seb Lunke gene: JAKMIP1 was added
gene: JAKMIP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: JAKMIP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: JAKMIP1 were set to 29158550; 26627310; 27799067
Phenotypes for gene: JAKMIP1 were set to Intellectual disability; Seizures
Review for gene: JAKMIP1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Identified in two independent patients in the literature with a mouse model.

Patient 1 (27799067) with developmental delay, speech delay, and cognitive impairment; self-injurious and aggressive behaviour, seizures, dysmorphic features. De-novo missense JAKMIP1 (p.D586H).

Patient 2 (29158550) with feeding difficulties, hypotonia, epilepsy, severe ID, no active speech, kyphoscoliosis, constipation, autism, short stature. Splice variant c.1432-2A>G, no segregation or RNA data available.

KO mouse model (27799067) displays social deficits, stereotyped activity, abnormal postnatal vocalizations, and other autistic-like behaviors.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8730 ARIH1 Bryony Thompson gene: ARIH1 was added
gene: ARIH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARIH1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ARIH1 were set to 29689197; 32102558
Phenotypes for gene: ARIH1 were set to Thoracic aortic aneurysm
Review for gene: ARIH1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 3 unrelated families: A de novo case (R171*) with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), and 2 siblings with TAA and a missense (E15Q). Another proband with cerebrovascular aneurysm (family history of TAA) and a missense variant (E44G). Supporting functional assays of the variants and a drosophila model.
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v0.8726 PRPF31 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRPF31 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8725 PRPF31 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: PRPF31.
Mendeliome v0.8723 RNF168 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RNF168 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8720 RFXAP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RFXAP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8719 RFXAP Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: RFXAP.
Mendeliome v0.8717 RFXANK Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: RFXANK.
Mendeliome v0.8717 RFXANK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RFXANK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8714 RBCK1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RBCK1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8712 ABCC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCC2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8707 UBR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UBR1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8704 ACTL6A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTL6A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8703 VAV1 Zornitza Stark gene: VAV1 was added
gene: VAV1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: VAV1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: VAV1 were set to 20638113; 23058036
Phenotypes for gene: VAV1 were set to Common variable immnodeficiency
Review for gene: VAV1 was set to RED
Added comment: Reduced VAV1 expression has been reported in multiple T-CVID cases, however only one large deletion (exon 2-27) has been reported in a single case in a publication from 2012. The CNV was detected using real-time qPCR, but was not confirmed by an orthogonal method.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.8700 TCF3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TCF3 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8697 PRKCD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKCD was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8694 CD19 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CD19 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8691 SNRPB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SNRPB was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8690 SNRPB Zornitza Stark Tag 5'UTR tag was added to gene: SNRPB.
Tag deep intronic tag was added to gene: SNRPB.
Mendeliome v0.8688 RBM10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RBM10 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.8684 POLR1D Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR1D was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8679 POLR1C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR1C was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8676 SF3B4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SF3B4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8673 TMCO1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMCO1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8671 RGS10 Zornitza Stark gene: RGS10 was added
gene: RGS10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RGS10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RGS10 were set to 34315806; 34339853
Phenotypes for gene: RGS10 were set to Immunodeficiency; short stature
Review for gene: RGS10 was set to RED
Added comment: Three affected siblings with short stature and immunodeficiency and segregating biallelic variants in RGS10 (c.489_491del:p.E163del and c.G511T:p.A171S). The affected individuals had recurrent infections, hypergammaglobulinaemia, profoundly reduced lymphocyte chemotaxis, abnormal lymph node architecture, and short stature due to growth hormone deficiency. Limited functional data presented. Further experimental data linking RGS10 to immune function presented in PMID 34339853.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8669 MAST3 Zornitza Stark gene: MAST3 was added
gene: MAST3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MAST3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MAST3 were set to 34185323
Phenotypes for gene: MAST3 were set to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Review for gene: MAST3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Eleven individuals reported with de novo missense variants in the STK domain, including two recurrent variants p.G510S (n = 5) and p.G515S (n = 3). All 11 individuals had developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, with 8 having normal development prior to seizure onset at <2 years of age. All patients developed multiple seizure types, 9 of 11 patients had seizures triggered by fever and 9 of 11 patients had drug-resistant seizures. Limited functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8667 SF3B2 Zornitza Stark gene: SF3B2 was added
gene: SF3B2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SF3B2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SF3B2 were set to 34344887
Phenotypes for gene: SF3B2 were set to Craniofacial microsomia
Review for gene: SF3B2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Twenty individuals from seven families reported with de novo or transmitted haploinsufficient variants in SF3B2. Affected individuals had mandibular hypoplasia, microtia, facial and preauricular tags, epibulbar dermoids, lateral oral clefts in addition to skeletal and cardiac abnormalities.

Targeted morpholino knockdown of SF3B2 in Xenopus resulted in disruption of cranial neural crest precursor formation and subsequent craniofacial cartilage defects, supporting a link between spliceosome mutations and impaired neural crest development in congenital craniofacial disease.

The families were ascertained from a cohort and the authors suggest that haploinsufficient variants in SF3B2 are the most prevalent genetic cause of CFM, explaining ~3% of sporadic and ~25% of familial cases.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8664 IMPG1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IMPG1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8659 CUL7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CUL7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8656 NFKBIA Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: NFKBIA was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.8655 NFKBIA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NFKBIA was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8652 NFKB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NFKB2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8649 NFKB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NFKB1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8646 MCM4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MCM4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8644 MCM4 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: MCM4.
Mendeliome v0.8642 MAP3K14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAP3K14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8639 LRBA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LRBA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8636 AQP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AQP2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8632 GIMAP5 Zornitza Stark gene: GIMAP5 was added
gene: GIMAP5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: GIMAP5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GIMAP5 were set to 33956074
Phenotypes for gene: GIMAP5 were set to Portal hypertension, noncirrhotic, 2, MIM# 619463
Review for gene: GIMAP5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 8 individuals from 4 unrelated families reported with onset of disease in the first decade of life. Clinical features included jaundice, hyperbilirubinaemia, pancytopaenia, including neutropaenia, lymphopaenia, and thrombocytopaenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and oesophageal varices. Some individuals had recurrent infections or features suggestive of an immunodeficiency. Liver biopsy was notable for the absence of cirrhosis and the presence of nodular regeneration.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.8627 IL7R Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL7R was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8624 MALT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MALT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8621 IL2RG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL2RG was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.8618 IKZF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IKZF1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8615 ITK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ITK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8612 PLCB4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLCB4 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8609 PBX1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PBX1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8606 VRK1 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Complex phenotype with mixed peripheral and central neurological features. Two families reported where PCH was prominent and accompanied by ataxia. At least three families also reported where peripheral neuropathy dominated the clinical picture without PCH/ataxia.; to: Complex phenotype with mixed peripheral and central neurological features. Two families reported where PCH was prominent and accompanied by ataxia. At least three families also reported where peripheral neuropathy dominated the clinical picture without PCH/ataxia.

Further delineation of phenotype 2021:
PMID 34169149: expanding spectrum of neurologic disorders associated with VRK1. Two Hispanic individuals, one homozygous (R321C: VUS and LP/P in ClinVar) and one cHet (R321C+V236M, latter P and more recently VUS in ClinVar), with slowly progressive weakness and a clinical syndrome consistent with adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy WITHOUT pontocerebellar atrophy. No hom in gnomAD and both have been reported in cHet individuals with other features: R321C in association with adult-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and V236M with rapidly progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy and microcephaly. Authors suggest PMID 26583493 and 31837156 have similar reports. PMID 26583493 reports a 32yo Hispanic individual, cHet H119R+R321C, with early-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 5 years progressive weakness. PMID 31837156 reports two patients with adult-onset length-dependent motor neuropathy from unrelated consanguineous families of Moroccan Jewish descent, both hom for R387H.
Mendeliome v0.8606 CLCN3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCN3 was changed from BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8601 CLCN3 Kristin Rigbye gene: CLCN3 was added
gene: CLCN3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCN3 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CLCN3 were set to PMID: 34186028
Phenotypes for gene: CLCN3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CLCN3 was set to Other
Review for gene: CLCN3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 11 individuals reported, 9 that carried 8 different rare heterozygous missense variants in CLCN3, and 2 siblings that were homozygous for an NMD-predicted frameshift variant likely abolishing ClC-3 function. All missense variants were confirmed to be de novo in eight individuals for whom parental data was available.

The 11 individuals in the cohort share clinical features of variable severity. All 11 have GDD or ID and dysmorphic features, and a majority has mood or behavioural disorders and structural brain abnormalities:
- Structural brain abnormalities on MRI (9/11) included partial or full agenesis of the corpus callosum (6/9), disorganized cerebellar folia (4/9), delayed myelination (3/9), decreased white matter volume (3/9), pons hypoplasia (3/9), and dysmorphic dentate nuclei (3/9). Six of those with brain abnormalities also presented with seizures.
- Nine have abnormal vision, including strabismus in four and inability to fix or follow in the two with homozygous loss-of-function variants.
- Hypotonia ranging from mild to severe was reported in 7 of the 11 individuals.
- Six have mood or behavioural disorders, particularly anxiety (3/6).
- Consistent dysmorphic facial features included microcephaly, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, full cheeks, and micrognathia.

The severity of disease in the two siblings with homozygous disruption of ClC-3 is consistent with the drastic phenotype seen in Clcn3 KO mice. The disease was more severe in two siblings carrying homozygous loss-of-function variants with the presence of GDD, absent speech, seizures, and salt and pepper fundal pigmentation in both individuals, with one deceased at 14 months of age. The siblings also had significant neuroanatomical findings including diffusely decreased white matter volume, thin corpora callosa, small hippocampi, and disorganized cerebellar folia. Supporting biallelic inheritance for LoF variants, disruption of mouse Clcn3 results in drastic neurodegeneration with loss of the hippocampus a few months after birth and early retinal degeneration. Clcn3−/− mice display severe neurodegeneration, whereas heterozygous Clcn3+/− mice appear normal.

Patch-clamp studies were used to investigate four of the missense variants. These suggested a gain of function in two variants with increased current in HEK cells, however they also showed reduced rectification of voltage and a loss of transient current, plus decreased current amplitude, glycosylation and surface expression when expressed in oocytes, and were suspected to interfere with channel gating and a negative feedback mechanism. These effects were also shown to vary depending on pH levels. The current of the remaining two variants did not differ from WT. For heterozygous missense variants, the disruption induced may be at least partially conferred to mutant/WT homodimers and mutant/ClC-4 heterodimers.

Both loss and gain of function in this gene resulted in the same phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8601 TNPO2 Elena Savva gene: TNPO2 was added
gene: TNPO2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TNPO2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: TNPO2 were set to PMID: 34314705
Phenotypes for gene: TNPO2 were set to Developmental delays, neurologic deficits and dysmorphic features
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TNPO2 was set to Other
Review for gene: TNPO2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 34314705 - all de novo missense variants with intellectual disability (9/9), speech impairment (15/15), motor impairment (15/15), ophthalmologic abnormalities (10/15), muscle tone abnormalities (11/15, primarily hypotonia), seizures (6/15, febrile to non-febrile), microcephaly (5/15) and MRI anomalies (7/13, 3/13 had cerebellar hypoplasia/dysplasia).

Null fly model was homozygous lethal, no obvious phenotypes in heterozygotes. Upregulated gene expression also resulted in lethality. Overexpression of some human variants in fly models resulted in "toxicity" and phenotypic defects, authors speculate two variants are GOF, 1 variant is LOF.

gnomAD: minimal PTCs present
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8601 DNAH10 Ain Roesley gene: DNAH10 was added
gene: DNAH10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAH10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DNAH10 were set to 34237282
Phenotypes for gene: DNAH10 were set to primary male infertility with asthenoteratozoospermia
Penetrance for gene: DNAH10 were set to unknown
Review for gene: DNAH10 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4x families with 5 affecteds (chets and homs - 4 missense and 2 fs). Knockout mouse models were infertile and showed significant reduction in count and motility compared to heterozygous mice
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8600 AP1G1 Danielle Ariti gene: AP1G1 was added
gene: AP1G1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: AP1G1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: AP1G1 were set to 34102099
Phenotypes for gene: AP1G1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD); Intellectual Disability; Epilepsy
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: AP1G1 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Review for gene: AP1G1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two bi-allelic homozygous missense variants were found in two distinct families with Italian and Pakistani origins; homozygous missense variants.

Eight de novo heterozygous variants were identified in nine isolated affected individuals from nine families; including five missense, two frameshift, and one intronic variant that disrupts the canonical splice acceptor site.

Knocking out AP1G1 Zebrafish model resulted in severe developmental abnormalities and increased lethality.

All individuals had neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) including global developmental delay and ID, which varied in severity from mild to severe.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8598 SPTBN1 Belinda Chong changed review comment from: PMID: 34211179
- Heterozygous SPTBN1 variants in 29 individuals with developmental, language and motor delays; mild to severe intellectual disability; autistic features; seizures; behavioral and movement abnormalities; hypotonia; and variable dysmorphic facial features.
- Show that these SPTBN1 variants lead to effects that affect βII-spectrin stability, disrupt binding to key molecular partners, and disturb cytoskeleton organization and dynamics.

PMID: 33847457
- Common features include global developmental delays, intellectual disability, and behavioral disturbances. Autistic features (4/6) and epilepsy (2/7) or abnormal electroencephalogram without overt seizures (1/7) were present in a subset.
- identified seven unrelated individuals with heterozygous SPTBN1 variants: two with de novo missense variants and five with predicted loss-of-function variants (found to be de novo in two, while one was inherited from a mother with a history of learning disabilities).
- Identification of loss-of-function variants suggests a haploinsufficiency mechanism, but additional functional studies are required to fully elucidate disease pathogenesis.
Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 34211179
- Heterozygous SPTBN1 variants in 29 individuals with developmental, language and motor delays; mild to severe intellectual disability; autistic features; seizures (9/29); behavioral and movement abnormalities; hypotonia; and variable dysmorphic facial features.
- Show that these SPTBN1 variants lead to effects that affect βII-spectrin stability, disrupt binding to key molecular partners, and disturb cytoskeleton organization and dynamics.

PMID: 33847457
- Common features include global developmental delays, intellectual disability, and behavioral disturbances. Autistic features (4/6) and epilepsy (2/7) or abnormal electroencephalogram without overt seizures (1/7) were present in a subset.
- identified seven unrelated individuals with heterozygous SPTBN1 variants: two with de novo missense variants and five with predicted loss-of-function variants (found to be de novo in two, while one was inherited from a mother with a history of learning disabilities).
- Identification of loss-of-function variants suggests a haploinsufficiency mechanism, but additional functional studies are required to fully elucidate disease pathogenesis.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8596 SPTBN4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTBN4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8586 SEMA3D Ain Roesley gene: SEMA3D was added
gene: SEMA3D was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SEMA3D was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: SEMA3D were set to 34159400
Penetrance for gene: SEMA3D were set to unknown
Review for gene: SEMA3D was set to RED
Added comment: 1x de novo missense in a proband with short stature, absent distal phalanges of the 5th fingers and toes, and dysplastic middle phalanges of the toes.

However, there is 4 hets in gnomAD v2
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8586 HMGB1 Ain Roesley gene: HMGB1 was added
gene: HMGB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: HMGB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: HMGB1 were set to 34159400
Phenotypes for gene: HMGB1 were set to Mirror image foot polydactyly
Penetrance for gene: HMGB1 were set to unknown
Review for gene: HMGB1 was set to RED
Added comment: 1x de novo fs, no functional studies done but cited Itou 2011 - mouse and zebrafish studies demonstrated the role of HMGB1 in regulating digit number during embryonic limb development
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8586 SPTBN1 Belinda Chong gene: SPTBN1 was added
gene: SPTBN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTBN1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: SPTBN1 were set to PMID: 34211179; PMID: 33847457
Phenotypes for gene: SPTBN1 were set to Neurodevelopmental Syndrome
Review for gene: SPTBN1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 34211179
- Heterozygous SPTBN1 variants in 29 individuals with developmental, language and motor delays; mild to severe intellectual disability; autistic features; seizures; behavioral and movement abnormalities; hypotonia; and variable dysmorphic facial features.
- Show that these SPTBN1 variants lead to effects that affect βII-spectrin stability, disrupt binding to key molecular partners, and disturb cytoskeleton organization and dynamics.

PMID: 33847457
- Common features include global developmental delays, intellectual disability, and behavioral disturbances. Autistic features (4/6) and epilepsy (2/7) or abnormal electroencephalogram without overt seizures (1/7) were present in a subset.
- identified seven unrelated individuals with heterozygous SPTBN1 variants: two with de novo missense variants and five with predicted loss-of-function variants (found to be de novo in two, while one was inherited from a mother with a history of learning disabilities).
- Identification of loss-of-function variants suggests a haploinsufficiency mechanism, but additional functional studies are required to fully elucidate disease pathogenesis.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8586 EDEM3 Michelle Torres gene: EDEM3 was added
gene: EDEM3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EDEM3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: EDEM3 were set to 34143952
Phenotypes for gene: EDEM3 were set to EDEM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation
Review for gene: EDEM3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 34143952: 7 families (11 individuals) with 6x PTV and 2x missense variants with neurodevelopmental delay and variable facial dysmorphisms. The unaffected parents were all heterozygous carriers. Functional show LoF of EDEM3 enzymatic activity.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8586 GCNA Ain Roesley gene: GCNA was added
gene: GCNA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GCNA was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: GCNA were set to 33963445
Phenotypes for gene: GCNA were set to primary spermatogenic failure
Penetrance for gene: GCNA were set to unknown
Review for gene: GCNA was set to GREEN
Added comment: 7x probands all missense except 1 fs. Variants had <0.0005 MAF in gnomad v2 male cohort and absent in 5784 Dutch control cohort
no functional studies were done except for histology of Ser659Trp, revealing a Sertoli-cell only
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8585 ANK2 Zornitza Stark gene: ANK2 was added
gene: ANK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: ANK2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ANK2 were set to 31983240; 22542183; 25363768; 27479843; 28554332; 30564305; 30755392; 31981491; 33004838; 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: ANK2 were set to Long QT syndrome 4, MIM# 600919; Complex neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0100038
Review for gene: ANK2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Link with cardiac abnormalities such as LongQT is DISPUTED. More than 10 unrelated individuals reported with neurodevelopmental phenotype, comprising autism/ID and de novo truncating variants, in addition to many other individuals as part of large NDD cohorts. This association has been assessed as DEFINITIVE by ClinGen.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.8583 PRDX3 Hazel Phillimore changed review comment from: Biallelic variants in 5 unrelated families with early onset (median 21 years , range 13-22 years) with ataxia with variable additional hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders, and severe early-onset cerebellar atrophy (seen on MRI), and involvement of the brainstem, medullary olive and parietal cortex.
Evolution of the disease was gait ataxia leading to upper limb ataxia, then dysarthria and then dysphagia, all within a decade. For some of these patients, the phenotype included myoclonus, dystonia and / or tremor. Mild classical mitochondrial features were seen in one of the patients, namely ptosis and COX-negative fibres.
The variants were homozygous nonsense, homozygous frameshift, homozygous missense, and a compound heterozygote of a splice variant and missense, all leading to complete loss of the protein. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction was indicated as the disease mechanism.
The families originated from Germany, France, India and two from eastern Turkey. The two families from Turkey were seemingly unrelated to each other but had the same homozygous missense.
Patient fibroblasts from each of the five probands showed lack of protein (via Western blot) and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and decreased mitochondrial maximal respiratory capacity.
PRXD3 encodes peroxiredoxin 3, a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. It localises in the mitochondria, where most hydrogen peroxide is generated.
Functional studies: PRDX3 knockdown (induced by silencing RNA against PRDX3) in cerebellar medulloblastoma cells showed significantly decreased cell viability, increased hydrogen peroxide levels and increased susceptibility to apoptosis triggered by reactive oxygen species.
In addition, induced knockdown drosophila (in vivo animal model) had aberrant locomotor phenotypes and reduced lifespans, while immunolabelling of the brain showed increased cell death after exposure to oxidative stress.
Sources: Literature; to: Biallelic variants in 5 unrelated families with early onset (median 21 years , range 13-22 years) with ataxia with variable additional hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders, and severe early-onset cerebellar atrophy (seen on MRI), and involvement of the brainstem, medullary olive and parietal cortex.
Evolution of the disease was gait ataxia leading to upper limb ataxia, then dysarthria and then dysphagia, all within a decade. For some of these patients, the phenotype included myoclonus, dystonia and / or tremor. Mild classical mitochondrial features were seen in one of the patients, namely ptosis and COX-negative fibres.
The variants were homozygous nonsense, homozygous frameshift, homozygous missense, and a compound heterozygote with a splice variant and missense, all leading to complete loss of the protein. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction was indicated as the disease mechanism.
The families originated from Germany, France, India and two from eastern Turkey. The two families from Turkey were seemingly unrelated to each other but had the same homozygous missense.
Patient fibroblasts from each of the five probands showed lack of protein (via Western blot) and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and decreased mitochondrial maximal respiratory capacity.
PRDX3 encodes peroxiredoxin 3, a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. It localises in the mitochondria, where most hydrogen peroxide is generated.
Functional studies: PRDX3 knockdown (induced by silencing RNA against PRDX3) in cerebellar medulloblastoma cells showed significantly decreased cell viability, increased hydrogen peroxide levels and increased susceptibility to apoptosis triggered by reactive oxygen species.
In addition, induced knockdown drosophila (in vivo animal model) had aberrant locomotor phenotypes and reduced lifespans, while immunolabelling of the brain showed increased cell death after exposure to oxidative stress.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8583 PRDX3 Hazel Phillimore gene: PRDX3 was added
gene: PRDX3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRDX3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PRDX3 were set to PMID: 33889951
Phenotypes for gene: PRDX3 were set to cerebellar ataxia (early onset, mild to moderate, progressive)
Penetrance for gene: PRDX3 were set to unknown
Review for gene: PRDX3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Biallelic variants in 5 unrelated families with early onset (median 21 years , range 13-22 years) with ataxia with variable additional hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders, and severe early-onset cerebellar atrophy (seen on MRI), and involvement of the brainstem, medullary olive and parietal cortex.
Evolution of the disease was gait ataxia leading to upper limb ataxia, then dysarthria and then dysphagia, all within a decade. For some of these patients, the phenotype included myoclonus, dystonia and / or tremor. Mild classical mitochondrial features were seen in one of the patients, namely ptosis and COX-negative fibres.
The variants were homozygous nonsense, homozygous frameshift, homozygous missense, and a compound heterozygote of a splice variant and missense, all leading to complete loss of the protein. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction was indicated as the disease mechanism.
The families originated from Germany, France, India and two from eastern Turkey. The two families from Turkey were seemingly unrelated to each other but had the same homozygous missense.
Patient fibroblasts from each of the five probands showed lack of protein (via Western blot) and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and decreased mitochondrial maximal respiratory capacity.
PRXD3 encodes peroxiredoxin 3, a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. It localises in the mitochondria, where most hydrogen peroxide is generated.
Functional studies: PRDX3 knockdown (induced by silencing RNA against PRDX3) in cerebellar medulloblastoma cells showed significantly decreased cell viability, increased hydrogen peroxide levels and increased susceptibility to apoptosis triggered by reactive oxygen species.
In addition, induced knockdown drosophila (in vivo animal model) had aberrant locomotor phenotypes and reduced lifespans, while immunolabelling of the brain showed increased cell death after exposure to oxidative stress.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8581 GSC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GSC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8578 GNAI3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GNAI3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8575 EIF4A3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF4A3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8570 PDCL3 Zornitza Stark gene: PDCL3 was added
gene: PDCL3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: PDCL3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PDCL3 were set to 32621347
Phenotypes for gene: PDCL3 were set to Megacystis-microcolon
Review for gene: PDCL3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single publication (PMID 32621347): one family with two affected fetuses - one with megacystis and microcolon, and the other with megacystisis and bilateral diaphragmatic hernia (prune-belly phenotype). Compound het LOF variants in PDCL3 (one frameshift and one missense). Complete absence of PDLC3 expression demonstrated in one of the affected fetuses. No homozygous LOF PDCL3 variants in gnomAD. PCDL3 negatively modulates actin folding and is strongly expressed in smooth muscle of bladder and colon.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.8567 SGO1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SGO1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8563 TYMP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TYMP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8560 ZNF687 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF687 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8559 ZNF687 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: ZNF687.
Mendeliome v0.8557 GRHPR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GRHPR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8554 AGXT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AGXT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8551 HOGA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HOGA1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8548 VPS45 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS45 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8545 LAMTOR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMTOR2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8542 IKZF3 Zornitza Stark gene: IKZF3 was added
gene: IKZF3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: IKZF3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: IKZF3 were set to 34155405
Phenotypes for gene: IKZF3 were set to Immunodeficiency 84, MIM# 619437
Review for gene: IKZF3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single family reported where heterozygous missense variant in this gene segregated with immunodeficiency in a mother and two children. Findings included low levels of B cells and impaired early B-cell development, variable T-cell abnormalities, hypogammaglobulinaemia, increased susceptibility to infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). One individual developed lymphoma in adulthood. Mouse model recapitulated phenotype.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.8539 HSD17B4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HSD17B4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8536 LCK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LCK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8531 DOCK8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DOCK8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8528 DOCK2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DOCK2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8525 DNMT3B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNMT3B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8522 SYNCRIP Zornitza Stark gene: SYNCRIP was added
gene: SYNCRIP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SYNCRIP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SYNCRIP were set to 34157790; 30504930; 27479843; 23020937
Phenotypes for gene: SYNCRIP were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Myoclonic atonic seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology
Review for gene: SYNCRIP was set to GREEN
Added comment: Semino et al (2021 - PMID: 34157790) provide clinical details on 3 unrelated individuals with de novo SYNCRIP variants and provide a review of 5 additional subjects previously identified within large cohorts in the literature and databases.

Features included DD, ID (7/7 for whom this information was available), ASD or autistic features (4/7). MRI abnormalities were observed in 3 (widening of CSF spaces, periventricular nodular heterotopia, prominent lat. ventricles). Epilepsy (myoclonic-astatic epilepsy / Doose syndrome) was reported for 2(/8) individuals.

The 3 patients here reported were identified following trio/singleton exome with Sanger confirmation of the variants and their de novo occurrence.

Variants are in almost all cases de novo (7/7 for whom this was known) and in 5/8 cases were pLoF, in 2/8 missense SNVs while a case from DECIPHER had a 77.92 kb whole gene deletion not involving other genes with unknown inheritance.

Overall the variants reported to date include [NM_006372.5]:
1 - c.858_859del p.(Gly287Leufs*5)
2 - c.854dupA p.(Asn285Lysfs*8)
3 - c.734T>C p.(Leu245Pro)
4 - chr6:85605276-85683190 deletion (GRCh38)
5 - c.629T>C p.(Phe210Ser)
6 - c.1573_1574delinsTT p.(Gln525Leu)
7 - c.1247_1250del p.(Arg416Lysfs*145)
8 - c.1518_1519insC p.(Ala507Argfs*14)

[P1-3: this report, P4: DECIPHER 254774, P5-6: Guo et al 2019 - PMID: 30504930, P7: Lelieveld et al 2016 - PMID: 27479843, P8: Rauch et al 2012 - PMID: 23020937 / all other Refs not here reviewed, clinical details summarized by Semino et al in table 1]

SYNCRIP (also known as HNRNPQ) encodes synaptotagmin‐binding cytoplasmic RNA‐interacting protein. As the authors note, this RNA-binding protein is involved in multiple pathways associated with neuronal/muscular developmental disorders. Several references are provided for its involvement in regulation of RNA metabolism, among others sequence recognition, pre-mRNA splicing, translation, transport and degradation.

Mutations in other RNA-interacting proteins and hnRNP members (e.g. HNRNPU, HNRNPD) are associated with NDD.

The missense variant (p.Leu245Pro) is within RRM2 one of the 3 RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains of the protein. These 3 domains, corresponding to the central part of the protein (aa 150-400), are relatively intolerant to variation (based on in silico predictions and/or variation in gnomAD). Leu245 localizes within an RNA binding pocket and in silico modeling suggests alteration of the tertiary structure and RNA-binding capacity of RRM2.

There are no additional studies performed.

Overall haploinsufficiency appears to be the underlying disease mechanism based on the truncating variants and the gene deletion. [pLI in gnomAD : 1, %HI : 2.48%]

Animal models are not discussed.

There is no associated phenotype in OMIM. This gene is included in the DD panel of G2P (monoallelic LoF variants / SYNCRIP-related developmental disorder). SysID also lists SYNCRIP within the current primary ID genes.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8519 MSN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MSN was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.8516 JAGN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: JAGN1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8513 ITGB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGB2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8511 CAMK4 Zornitza Stark gene: CAMK4 was added
gene: CAMK4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: CAMK4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CAMK4 were set to 30262571; 33098801; 33211350
Phenotypes for gene: CAMK4 were set to Intellectual disability; Autism; Behavioral abnormality; Abnormality of movement; Dystonia; Ataxia; Chorea; Myoclonus
Review for gene: CAMK4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 3 publications by Zech et al (2018, 2020 - PMIDs : 30262571, 33098801, 33211350) provide clinical details on 3 individuals, each harboring a private de novo CAMK4 variant.

Overlapping features included DD, ID, behavoral issues, autism and abnormal hyperkinetic movements. Dystonia and chorea in all 3 appeared 3-20 years after initial symptoms.

CAMK4 encodes Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV, an important mediator of calcium-mediated activity and dynamics, particularly in the brain. It is involved in neuronal transmission, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal gene expression required for brain development and neuronal homeostasis (summary by OMIM based on Zech et al, 2018).

The 473 aa enzyme has a protein kinase domain (aa 46-300) and a C-terminal autoregulatory domain (aa 305-341) the latter comprising an autoinhibitory domain (AID / aa 305-321) and a calmodulin-binding domain (CBD / aa 322-341) [NP_001735.1 / NM_001744.4 - also used below].

Variants in all 3 subjects were identified following trio-WES and were in all cases protein-truncating, mapping to exon 10 or exon 10-intron 10 junction, expected to escape NMD and cause selective abrogation of the autoinhibitory domain (aa 305-321) leading overall to gain-of-function.

Variation databases include pLoF CAMK4 variants albeit in all cases usptream or downstream of this region (pLI of this gene in gnomAD: 0.51). Variants leading to selective abrogation of the autoregulatory domain have not been reported.

Extensive evidence for the GoF effect of the variant has been provided in the first publication. Several previous studies have demonstrated that abrogation of the AID domain leads to consitutive activation (details below).

Mouse models - though corresponding to homozygous loss of function - support a role for CAMKIV in cognitive and motor symptoms. Null mice display tremulous and ataxic movements, deficiencies in balance and sensorimotor performance associated with reduced number of Purkinje neurons (Ribar et al 2000, PMID: 11069976 - not reviewed). Wei et al (2002, PMID: 12006982 - not reviewed) provided evidence for alteration in hippocampal physiology and memory function.

Heterozygous mutations in other genes for calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAMKs) e.g. CAMK2A/CAMK2B (encoding subunits of CAMKII) have been reported in individuals with ID.

---

The proband in the first publication (PMID: 30262571) was a male with DD, ID, behavioral difficulties (ASD, autoaggression, stereotypies) and hyperkinetic movement disorder (myoclonus, chorea, ataxia) with severe generalized dystonia (onset at the age of 13y). Brain MRI demonstrated cerebellar atrophy.

Extensive work-up incl. karyotyping, CMA, DYT-TOR1A, THAP1, GCH1, SCA1/2/3/6/7/8/12/17, Friedreich's ataxia and FMR1 analysis was negative.F

Trio WES identified a dn splice site variant (c.981+1G>A) in the last exon-intron junction. RT-PCR followed by gel electrophoresis and Sanger in fibroblasts from an affected and control subject revealed that the proband had - as predicted by the type/location of the variant - in equal amount 2 cDNA products, a normal as well as a truncated one.

Sequencing of the shortest revealed utilization of a cryptic donor splice site upstream of the mutated donor leading to a 77bp out-of-frame deletion and introduction of a premature stop codon in the last codon (p.Lys303Serfs*28). Western blot in fibroblast cell lines revealed 2 bands corresponding to the normal protein product as well as to the p.Lys303Serfs*28 although expression of the latter was lower than that of the full length protein.

Several previous studies have shown that mutant CAMKIV species that lack the autoinhibitory domain are consitutively active (several Refs provided). Among others Chatila et al (1996, PMID: 8702940) studied an in vitro-engineered truncation mutant (Δ1-317 - truncation at position 317 of the protein) with functionally validated gain-of-function effect.

To prove enhanced activity of the splicing variant, Zech et al assessed phosphorylation of CREB (cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein), a downstream substrate of CAMKIV. Immunobloting revealed significant increase of CREB phosphorylation in patient fibroblasts compared to controls. Overactivation of CAMKIV signaling was reversed when cells were treated with STO-609 an inhibitor of CAMKK, the ustream activator of CAMKIV.

Overall the authors demonstrated that loss of CAMKIV autoregulatory domain due to this splice variant had a gain-of-function effect.

----

Following trio-WES, Zech et al (2020 - PMID: 33098801) identified another relevant subject within cohort of 764 individuals with dystonia. This 12-y.o. male, harboring a different variant affecting the same donor site (c.981+1G>T), presented DD, ID, dystonia (onset at 3y) and additional movement disorders (myoclonus, ataxia) as well as similar behavior (ASD, autoaggression, stereotypies). [Details in suppl. p20].

----

Finally Zech et al (2020 - PMID: 33211350) reported on a 24-y.o. woman with adolescence onset choreodystonia. Other features included DD, moderate ID, absence seizures in infancy, OCD with anxiety and later diagnosis of ASD. Trio WES revealed a dn stopgain variant (c.940C>T; p.Gln314*).
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.8508 FERMT3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FERMT3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8504 CYBB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CYBB was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.8500 CSF3R Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CSF3R was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8493 CEBPE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEBPE was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8490 NCF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NCF1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8482 C1QA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: C1QA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8479 CIITA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CIITA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8476 CD40LG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CD40LG was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.8473 CD3G Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CD3G was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8472 WDR26 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR26 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8465 ABCD4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCD4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8463 ABCD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCD1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.8458 CCBE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CCBE1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8455 CD27 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CD27 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8450 PCLO Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PCLO was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8449 ZNF148 Natalie Tan gene: ZNF148 was added
gene: ZNF148 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF148 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ZNF148 were set to PMID: 27964749
Phenotypes for gene: ZNF148 were set to Global developmental delay, absent or hypoplastic corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facies; MIM#617260
Review for gene: ZNF148 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated individuals with de novo heterozygous nonsense or frameshift mutations (all resulting in premature termination codons in the last exon of ZNF148, predicted to escape nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and result in expression of a truncated protein). Phenotype characterised by underdevelopment of the corpus callosum, mild to moderate developmental delay and ID, variable microcephaly or mild macrocephaly, short stature, feeding problems, facial dysmorphisms, and cardiac and renal malformations. No functional studies to date.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8449 RAC3 Natalie Tan gene: RAC3 was added
gene: RAC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RAC3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RAC3 were set to PMID: 30293988; 29276006
Phenotypes for gene: RAC3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain anomalies and dysmorphic facies, MIM#618577
Review for gene: RAC3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Multiple unrelated individuals with heterozygous missense variants and a concordant phenotype (severe intellectual disability with brain malformations). No functional studies to date.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8447 CHRNA4 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CHRNA4 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.8446 CHRNA4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHRNA4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8443 ZIC3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZIC3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.8441 VPS13B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS13B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8438 TULP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TULP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8435 TOPORS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TOPORS was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8432 SUFU Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SUFU was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8429 SCNN1G Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCNN1G was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8426 SCLT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCLT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8423 RPGR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPGR was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.8420 PRKCSH Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PRKCSH was changed from to None
Mendeliome v0.8419 PRKCSH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKCSH was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8416 POC1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POC1B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8413 PMM2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PMM2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8411 PKHD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PKHD1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8408 MUC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MUC1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8405 KIF7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8402 KIAA0753 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIAA0753 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8399 KIAA0586 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIAA0586 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8396 IFT52 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IFT52 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8393 IFT27 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IFT27 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8390 POLG2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POLG2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8388 PCDHGC4 Zornitza Stark gene: PCDHGC4 was added
gene: PCDHGC4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PCDHGC4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PCDHGC4 were set to 34244665
Phenotypes for gene: PCDHGC4 were set to Intellectual disability; Seizures
Review for gene: PCDHGC4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Eight variants reported in 19 members of nine unreleted families with a neurodevelopmental syndrome. Severe or moderate intellectual disabilty in eight families and seizures in four families. Four of the variants were LoF, in silico analysis of the remaining missense (n=3) and splice variants were predicted to be pathogenic.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8385 ATP6V0A4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP6V0A4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8382 ICK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ICK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8381 HNF1B Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: HNF1B.
Mendeliome v0.8380 HNF1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HNF1B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8377 GDF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GDF1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8374 EVC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EVC2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8371 EVC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EVC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8368 DCDC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DCDC2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8365 CRELD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CRELD1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8362 CRB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CRB2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8359 CEP55 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP55 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8356 CENPF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CENPF was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8353 C8orf37 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: C8orf37 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8350 C2CD3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: C2CD3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8346 CHRM3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHRM3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8345 ARHGAP42 Zornitza Stark gene: ARHGAP42 was added
gene: ARHGAP42 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARHGAP42 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ARHGAP42 were set to 34232960
Phenotypes for gene: ARHGAP42 were set to Interstitial lung disease; systemic hypertension; immunological abnormalities
Review for gene: ARHGAP42 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported with homozygous LoF variant, chILD disorder, systemic hypertension, and immunological findings.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8344 KIAA0556 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: KIAA0556.
Mendeliome v0.8342 KIAA0556 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIAA0556 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8335 LINGO4 Laura Raiti gene: LINGO4 was added
gene: LINGO4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LINGO4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LINGO4 were set to PMID: 33098801
Phenotypes for gene: LINGO4 were set to Developmental Delay, Intellectual disability, speech disorder
Review for gene: LINGO4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 3 unrelated individuals
1 x individual compound heterozygous for 2x missense variants:
c.679C>A; c.1262G>A p.Leu227Met; p.Arg421Gln comp het. Phenotype: infancy-onset
generalized dystonia; DD/hypo, ID, speech disorder (isolated plus non-MD symptoms) NDD

1 x individual homozygous for missense variant: c.679C>A p.Leu227Met Phenotype: DD/hypo, ID, speech disorder

1 x individual homozygous for missense variant: c.1673G>A p.Ser558Asn Phenotype: DD/hypo, ID, speech disorder
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8335 ARFGEF3 Laura Raiti gene: ARFGEF3 was added
gene: ARFGEF3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARFGEF3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ARFGEF3 were set to PMID: 33098801
Phenotypes for gene: ARFGEF3 were set to Dystonia
Review for gene: ARFGEF3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 3 x unrelated individuals
1 x de novo missense variant: c.6212T>C p.Met2071Thr, phenotype: infancy-onset generalized dystonia (isolated)
1x stop-gain variant c.1773T>G p.Tyr591* (inherited from mosaic mother), phenotype: infancy-onset generalized dystonia (isolated)
1 x de novo missense variant (Gene Matcher) c.250A>C p.Met84Leu childhood-onset generalized dystonia (isolated)
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8335 IMPDH2 Laura Raiti gene: IMPDH2 was added
gene: IMPDH2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: IMPDH2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: IMPDH2 were set to PMID: 33098801
Phenotypes for gene: IMPDH2 were set to Dystonia
Review for gene: IMPDH2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 6 unrelated individuals
1x individual in a dystonia cohort index case with infancy-onset dystonia and other neurological manifestations with a de-novo missense variant, c.338G>A (p.Gly113Glu) in IMPDH2, predicted to disrupt an invariant residue within the cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domain pair of the encoded protein.
IMPDH2 encodes IMPDH2, a key enzyme in the purine biosynthetic pathway, expressed throughout the brain and not linked previously to any human Mendelian condition.
1x individual with a de-novo substitution, c.337G>A (p.Gly113Arg), was found in in-house whole-exome sequencing data from 500 individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Through GeneMatcher, de novo variants identified:
3 x missense: c.729G>C (p.Gln243His), c.619G>C (p.Gly207Arg), and c.619G>A (p.Gly207Arg)
1 x deletion: c.478_480delTCC (p.Ser160del)
The six variants were predicted to be deleterious and none of them seen in control databases. All affected conserved amino acids and resided in and around the cystathionine-β-synthase domain pair.
The described variants are situated in and around the CBS domain pair, a regulatory element in which clustering of pathogenic missense variants has already been shown for the homologue of IMPDH2, IMPDH1.

The variant carriers shared similar neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Apart from the dystonia cohort index case, one participant had evidence of dystonic posturing. Modelling of the variants on 3D protein structures revealed spatial clustering near specific functional sites, predicted to result in deregulation of IMPDH2 activity. Additionally, thermal-shift assays showed that the c.619G>A (p.Gly207Arg) variant, identified as within the CBS domain pair, and c.729G>C (p.Gln243His), which is in close vicinity, affected the stability or folding behaviour of IMPDH2.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8333 KIF20A Zornitza Stark gene: KIF20A was added
gene: KIF20A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF20A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KIF20A were set to 29357359
Phenotypes for gene: KIF20A were set to Cardiomyopathy, familial restrictive, 6, MIM# 619433
Review for gene: KIF20A was set to GREEN
Added comment: Single family reported, two affected sibs, perinatal lethal cardiomyopathy, compound het variants in this gene.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8329 B2M Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: B2M was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8324 TMEM126A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM126A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8322 MYC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYC was changed from Unknown to Other
Mendeliome v0.8317 ATG7 Zornitza Stark gene: ATG7 was added
gene: ATG7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATG7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ATG7 were set to 34161705
Phenotypes for gene: ATG7 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia, SCAR31, MIM#619422
Review for gene: ATG7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 12 individuals from 5 unrelated families reported with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and bi-allelic variants in this gene. Age range from 21 months to 71 years of age. Main clinical features included axial hypotonia, variably impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech, and delayed walking (up to 7 years of age) or inability to walk. All had ataxia, often with tremor or dyskinesia, as well as dysarthria associated with cerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging. Most had optic atrophy, and some had ptosis, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, retinopathy, and strabismus; 1 had early-onset cataracts. The ore severely affected individuals had spastic paraplegia and inability to walk.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8314 ADA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8312 C2orf69 Zornitza Stark gene: C2orf69 was added
gene: C2orf69 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: C2orf69 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: C2orf69 were set to 34038740; 33945503
Phenotypes for gene: C2orf69 were set to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-53 (COXPD53), MIM#619423
Review for gene: C2orf69 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID 34038740: 20 affected children from 8 unrelated families reported, presenting with fatal syndrome consisting of severe autoinflammation and progredient leukoencephalopathy with recurrent seizures; 12 of these subjects, whose DNA was available, segregated homozygous loss-of-function C2orf69 variants. Endogenous C2ORF69 was found to be (1) loosely bound to mitochondria, (2) affects mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative respiration in cultured neurons, and (3) controls the levels of the glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) consistent with a glycogen-storage-associated mitochondriopathy. Zebrafish model.

PMID 33945503: 8 individuals from 5 families reported with muscle hypotonia, developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, and brain MRI abnormalities. Age at onset ranged from birth to 6 months of age. Six patients had vision impairment, liver abnormalities, inflammation/inflammatory arthritis, and 5 patients had seizures.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8306 NYNRIN Laura Raiti gene: NYNRIN was added
gene: NYNRIN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NYNRIN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NYNRIN were set to PMID: 30885698
Review for gene: NYNRIN was set to AMBER
Added comment: 3 individuals with Wilms Tumour reported (2 children from 1 family, the 3rd child from a second family).
Biallelic truncating mutations in NYNRIN in three children with Wilms Tumour from two families, each parent was heterozygous for one of the mutations.
One of the affected children had an inguinal hernia and another had epilepsy, hypothyroidism, and intellectual disability.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8303 ZC3H14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZC3H14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8300 IRX5 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: IRX5.
Mendeliome v0.8298 IRX5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IRX5 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8293 CXCR2 Zornitza Stark gene: CXCR2 was added
gene: CXCR2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: CXCR2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CXCR2 were set to 24777453
Phenotypes for gene: CXCR2 were set to WHIM syndrome 2, 619407
Review for gene: CXCR2 was set to RED
Added comment: 2 sisters with neutropaenia, myelokathexis, and recurrent bacterial infections and homozygous frameshift variant in this gene.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.8292 RING1 Eleanor Williams gene: RING1 was added
gene: RING1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RING1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: RING1 were set to 29386386
Phenotypes for gene: RING1 were set to microcephaly; intellectual disability
Review for gene: RING1 was set to RED
Added comment: Not associated with any phenotype in OMIM.

PMID: 29386386 - Pierce et al 2018 - report a 13 yo female with a de novo RING1 p.R95Q variant and syndromic neurodevelopmental disabilities. Early motor and language development were normal but were delayed after the first year of life. Cognitive testing showed a verbal IQ of 55 and a visual performance IQ of 63. Head circumference at birth was -4.9 SD, and -4.2 SD at age 13 which falls into the severe microcephaly category. C. elegans with either the missense mutation or complete knockout of spat-3 (the suggested RING1 ortholog) were defective in monoubiquitylation of histone H2A and had defects in neuronal migration and axon guidance.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8292 RNF2 Eleanor Williams gene: RNF2 was added
gene: RNF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RNF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: RNF2 were set to 33864376
Phenotypes for gene: RNF2 were set to epilepsy; intellectual disability; intrauterine growth retardation
Review for gene: RNF2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Not associated with any phenotype in OMIM.

PMID:33864376 (Luo et al 2021) report 2 cases of children with de novo missense variants (p.R70H and p.S82R) in RNF2 and a phenotype of intrauterine growth retardation, severe intellectual disabilities, behavioral problems, seizures, feeding difficulties and dysmorphic features. Seizures started in infancy. Both variants are absent from gnomad. Functional studies in Drosophila showed that the disease-linked variants (p.R70H and p.S82R) behave as LoF alleles.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8292 IRX5 Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: Associated with Hamamy syndrome #611174 (AR) in OMIM. Hamamy syndrome is characterised by craniofacial dysmorphism, hearing loss, skeletal anomalies, microcytic hypochromic anemia and congenital heart defects. Severe myopia has also been reported. Homozygous missense variants in IRX5 were reported in 2 families with this condition.

Cone dystrophy
-------------------
PMID: 33891002 - Khol et al 2021 - report 3 unrelated families with duplications of a region covering the genes IRX5 and IRX6 completely, and the proximal exons of MMP2 and cone dystrophy. They propose that overexpression of IRX5 and IRX6 may be the cause of the disease, and this is supported by expression analysis in patient-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish experiments.

Initial family is a large 5 generation German family with 14 members with autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in which a 600kb duplicated region covering IRX5/IRX6 and part of MMP2 was identified. 2 additional families of Chinese and Dutch descent with copy number gains of ~700 and ~850 kb, covering the same region were then identified. The smallest region of overlap is 608kb. In addition another family of German decent is reported with adCD and the same duplication as the first German family. It is not known if they are distantly related. Segregation analysis on available members of all families showed the duplication in affected members and not in unaffected.

They find that IRX5, IRX6 and MMP2 are expressed in human adult retina. Several lincRNA within the locus are also expressed. In patient derived fibroblasts IRX5 and IRX6 showed increased expression levels. Over expression of IRX5 and IRX6 results in impaired visual performance in zebrafish larvae.; to: Associated with Hamamy syndrome #611174 (AR) in OMIM. Hamamy syndrome is characterised by craniofacial dysmorphism, hearing loss, skeletal anomalies, microcytic hypochromic anemia and congenital heart defects. Severe myopia has also been reported. Homozygous missense variants in IRX5 were reported in 2 families with this condition (PMID: 22581230;17230486)

Duplication of gene
-------------------
PMID: 33891002 - Kohl et al 2021 - report 3 unrelated families with duplications of a region covering the genes IRX5 and IRX6 completely, and the proximal exons of MMP2 and cone dystrophy. They propose that overexpression of IRX5 and IRX6 may be the cause of the disease, and this is supported by expression analysis in patient-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish experiments.

Initial family is a large 5 generation German family with 14 members with autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in which a 600kb duplicated region covering IRX5/IRX6 and part of MMP2 was identified. 2 additional families of Chinese and Dutch descent with copy number gains of ~700 and ~850 kb, covering the same region were then identified. The smallest region of overlap is 608kb. In addition another family of German decent is reported with adCD and the same duplication as the first German family. It is not known if they are distantly related. Segregation analysis on available members of all families showed the duplication in affected members and not in unaffected.

They find that IRX5, IRX6 and MMP2 are expressed in human adult retina. Several lincRNA within the locus are also expressed. In patient derived fibroblasts IRX5 and IRX6 showed increased expression levels. Over expression of IRX5 and IRX6 results in impaired visual performance in zebrafish larvae.

Loss of function/gene
---------
PMID: 28041643 - Carss et al 2017 - screened a cohort of 722 individuals with inherited retinal disease using WES/WGS. 1 case reported with a biallelic deletion in IRX5 reported which leads to a frameshift ENST00000394636.4; c.1362_1366delTAAAG, p.Lys455ProfsTer19 in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa.

PMID: 32045705 - Apuzzo et al 2020 - report 2 cases of loss of a region in 16q12.1q21 which encompasses IRX5 and IRX6 and many other genes, which together with 3 other previous reports of deletions in this region help define a syndrome with features that include dysmorphic features, short stature, microcephaly, global developmental delay/intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ocular abnormalities (nystagmus and strabismus).
Mendeliome v0.8292 IRX6 Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: Not associated with any disorder in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype.

PMID: 33891002 - Khol et al 2021 - report 3 unrelated families with duplications of a region covering the genes IRX5 and IRX6 completely, and the proximal exons of MMP2 and cone dystrophy. They propose that overexpression of IRX5 and IRX6 may be the cause of the disease, and this is supported by expression analysis in patient-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish experiments.

Initial family is a large 5 generation German family with 14 members with autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in which a 600kb duplicated region covering IRX5/IRX6 and part of MMP2 was identified. 2 additional families of Chinese and Dutch descent with copy number gains of ~700 and ~850 kb, covering the same region were then identified. The smallest region of overlap is 608kb. In addition another family of German decent is reported with adCD and the same duplication as the first German family. It is not known if they are distantly related. Segregation analysis on available members of all families showed the duplication in affected members and not in unaffected.

They find that IRX5, IRX6 and MMP2 are expressed in human adult retina. Several lincRNA within the locus are also expressed. In patient derived fibroblasts IRX5 and IRX6 showed increased expression levels. Over expression of IRX5 and IRX6 results in impaired visual performance in zebrafish larvae.
Sources: Literature; to: Not associated with any disorder in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype.

PMID: 33891002 - Kohl et al 2021 - report 3 unrelated families with duplications of a region covering the genes IRX5 and IRX6 completely, and the proximal exons of MMP2 and cone dystrophy. They propose that overexpression of IRX5 and IRX6 may be the cause of the disease, and this is supported by expression analysis in patient-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish experiments.

Initial family is a large 5 generation German family with 14 members with autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in which a 600kb duplicated region covering IRX5/IRX6 and part of MMP2 was identified. 2 additional families of Chinese and Dutch descent with copy number gains of ~700 and ~850 kb, covering the same region were then identified. The smallest region of overlap is 608kb. In addition another family of German decent is reported with adCD and the same duplication as the first German family. It is not known if they are distantly related. Segregation analysis on available members of all families showed the duplication in affected members and not in unaffected.

They find that IRX5, IRX6 and MMP2 are expressed in human adult retina. Several lincRNA within the locus are also expressed. In patient derived fibroblasts IRX5 and IRX6 showed increased expression levels. Over expression of IRX5 and IRX6 results in impaired visual performance in zebrafish larvae.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8289 HID1 Zornitza Stark gene: HID1 was added
gene: HID1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: HID1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HID1 were set to 33999436
Phenotypes for gene: HID1 were set to Syndromic infantile encephalopathy; Hypopituitarism
Review for gene: HID1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 7 individuals from 6 unrelated families reported. Clinical features included: hypopituitarism in combination with brain atrophy, thin corpus callosum, severe developmental delay, visual impairment, and epilepsy
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8286 KIF1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF1B was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8281 FYCO1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FYCO1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8274 MYT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYT1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8270 ATP1A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP1A2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8264 IRX6 Eleanor Williams gene: IRX6 was added
gene: IRX6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: IRX6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: IRX6 were set to 33891002
Phenotypes for gene: IRX6 were set to cone dystrophy, MONDO:0000455
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: IRX6 was set to Other
Review for gene: IRX6 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Not associated with any disorder in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype.

PMID: 33891002 - Khol et al 2021 - report 3 unrelated families with duplications of a region covering the genes IRX5 and IRX6 completely, and the proximal exons of MMP2 and cone dystrophy. They propose that overexpression of IRX5 and IRX6 may be the cause of the disease, and this is supported by expression analysis in patient-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish experiments.

Initial family is a large 5 generation German family with 14 members with autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in which a 600kb duplicated region covering IRX5/IRX6 and part of MMP2 was identified. 2 additional families of Chinese and Dutch descent with copy number gains of ~700 and ~850 kb, covering the same region were then identified. The smallest region of overlap is 608kb. In addition another family of German decent is reported with adCD and the same duplication as the first German family. It is not known if they are distantly related. Segregation analysis on available members of all families showed the duplication in affected members and not in unaffected.

They find that IRX5, IRX6 and MMP2 are expressed in human adult retina. Several lincRNA within the locus are also expressed. In patient derived fibroblasts IRX5 and IRX6 showed increased expression levels. Over expression of IRX5 and IRX6 results in impaired visual performance in zebrafish larvae.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8264 EPHA7 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: EPHA7.
Mendeliome v0.8263 EPHA7 Zornitza Stark gene: EPHA7 was added
gene: EPHA7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: EPHA7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: EPHA7 were set to 34176129
Phenotypes for gene: EPHA7 were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: EPHA7 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Lévy et al (2021 - PMID: 34176129) provide evidence that haploinssuficiency of EPHA7 results in a neurodevelopmental disorder.

The authors report on 12 individuals belonging to 9 unrelated families, all harboring with 6q microdeletions spanning EPHA7.

Overlapping features included DD (13/13), ID (10/10 - mild in most cases, individuals with larger CNVs/additional variants had more severe phenotype), speech delay and behavioral disorders. Variable other features incl. hypotonia (70%), non specific facial features, eye abnormalities (40%) and cardiac defects (25%).

The CNVs ranged from 152 kb to few Mb in size but in 4 subjects (P5-8) were only minimal, involving only EPHA7.

9 out of 12 individuals had inherited the deletion (5 subjects paternal, 4 maternal), in 1 subject (P12) this occured de novo, while for 2 others inheritance was not specified. Most deletions were inherited from an unaffected parent (in 6/7 families), with unclear contribution in a further one.

The authors discuss on previous studies suggesting an important role for EphA7 in brain development (modulation of cell-cell adhesion and repulsion, regulation of dendrite morphogenesis in early corticogenesis, role in dendritic spine formation later in development. EphA7 has also been proposed to drive neuronal maturation and synaptic function).

Haploinsufficiency for other ephrins or ephrin receptors has been implicated in other NDDs.

Overall Lévy et al promote incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity with haploinsufficiency of this gene being a risk factor for NDD. [The gene has also an %HI of 2.76% and a pLI of 1].
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.8260 DNM1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNM1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8258 GRK2 Zornitza Stark gene: GRK2 was added
gene: GRK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GRK2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GRK2 were set to 33200460
Phenotypes for gene: GRK2 were set to Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD)
Review for gene: GRK2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported and some functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8255 WDR60 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR60 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8252 WDR34 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR34 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8249 WDR19 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR19 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8246 TXNDC15 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TXNDC15 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8243 TTC8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8240 TTC21B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC21B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8237 TRAF3IP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAF3IP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8234 OBSCN Zornitza Stark Tag refuted was removed from gene: OBSCN.
Tag disputed tag was added to gene: OBSCN.
Mendeliome v0.8233 OBSCN Zornitza Stark Tag refuted tag was added to gene: OBSCN.
Mendeliome v0.8229 ATP9A Arina Puzriakova gene: ATP9A was added
gene: ATP9A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP9A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ATP9A were set to http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107843
Phenotypes for gene: ATP9A were set to Neurodevelopmental delay; Postnatal microcephaly; Failure to thrive; Gastrointestinal symptoms
Review for gene: ATP9A was set to AMBER
Added comment: Vogt et al. 2021 report on 3 individuals from 2 unrelated consanguineous families with different homozygous truncating variants in ATP9A, presenting with DD/ID of variable degree (2 mild, 1 severe), postnatal microcephaly (OFC range: −2.33 SD to −3.58 SD), failure to thrive, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed reduced expression of ATP9A, and consistent with previous findings also overexpression of interacting partners, ARPC3 and SNX3.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8229 ATP2C2 Eleanor Williams gene: ATP2C2 was added
gene: ATP2C2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP2C2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: ATP2C2 were set to 33864365; 28440294
Phenotypes for gene: ATP2C2 were set to language impairment, HP:0002463
Review for gene: ATP2C2 was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 33864365 - Martinelli et al 2021 - report a family with a missense variant NM_001286527.2:c.304G>A, p.(Val102Met) in ATP2C2 in a father and two siblings with specific language impairment. However two other affected siblings did not have this variant. This variant was also reported by Chen et al. They found that the variant had a higher frequency in language cases (1.8%, N = 360) compared with cohorts selected for dyslexia (0.8%, N = 520) and ADHD (0.7%, N = 150), which presented frequencies comparable to reference databases (0.9%, N = 24 046 gnomAD controls). They postulate that variant is not sufficient on its own to cause a disorder but is a susceptibility factor which increases the risk for language impairment.

PMID: 28440294 - Chen et al 2017 - report 2 probands with severe learning impairment, and missense variants in ATP2C2 (NM_001286527: c.G304A:p.V102M and NM_001291454:exon21: c.C1936T:p.R646W).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8227 TMEM67 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM67 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8224 XDH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: XDH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8221 TCTEX1D2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TCTEX1D2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8218 TCTN3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TCTN3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8215 SDCCAG8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SDCCAG8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8213 SBDS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SBDS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8210 RPGRIP1L Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPGRIP1L was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8207 NPHP4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NPHP4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8204 NPHP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NPHP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8203 NPHP1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: NPHP1.
Mendeliome v0.8202 TIE1 Zornitza Stark gene: TIE1 was added
gene: TIE1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TIE1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: TIE1 were set to 32947856; 24764452
Phenotypes for gene: TIE1 were set to Lymphatic malformation 11, MIM# 619401
Review for gene: TIE1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Three families reported, supportive animal model, though variants are missense and present at a low frequency in gnomad.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8201 NUF2 Dean Phelan gene: NUF2 was added
gene: NUF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NUF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: NUF2 were set to PMID: 33721060
Phenotypes for gene: NUF2 were set to microcephaly; short stature; bilateral vocal cord paralysis; micrognathia; atrial septal defect
Review for gene: NUF2 was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 33721060 - de novo missense variant identified in one male patient with microcephaly and short stature, with additional features, such as bilateral vocal cord paralysis, micrognathia and atrial septal defect.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8201 ERGIC3 Elena Savva gene: ERGIC3 was added
gene: ERGIC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ERGIC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ERGIC3 were set to PMID: 33710394; 31585110
Phenotypes for gene: ERGIC3 were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: ERGIC3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33710394 - two homozygous sibs with mild ID, a novel canonical splice (c.717+1G>A). Absent in gnomAD, no splice studies. Classed as a VUS.

PMID: 31585110 - 1 hom (p.Gln233Argfs*10) in a male 8yo with Growth retardation, Microcephaly, Learning disability, Facial dysmorphism, Abnormal pigmentation.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8201 HEATR5B Teresa Zhao gene: HEATR5B was added
gene: HEATR5B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: HEATR5B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HEATR5B were set to PMID: 33824466
Phenotypes for gene: HEATR5B were set to pontocerebellar hypoplasia
Review for gene: HEATR5B was set to AMBER
Added comment: Four affected children from two families presenting with pontocerebellar hypoplasiawith neonatal seizures, severe ID and motor delay.

Two homozygous splice variants were reported ((c.5051–1G>A and c.5050+4A>G) in intron 31 of HEATR5B gene. Aberrant splicing was found in patient fibroblasts, which correlated
with reduced levels of HEATR5B protein.

Homozygous knockout mice were not viable.

*NOTE: gene (and alias) not found in OMIM
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8199 NEK8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEK8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8196 MKKS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MKKS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8193 IQCB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IQCB1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8190 IFT80 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IFT80 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8187 LZTFL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LZTFL1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8185 TTC26 Zornitza Stark gene: TTC26 was added
gene: TTC26 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC26 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TTC26 were set to 34177428; 32617964; 31595528; 24596149; 22718903
Phenotypes for gene: TTC26 were set to Ciliopathy Syndrome with Biliary, Renal, Neurological, and Skeletal Manifestations
Review for gene: TTC26 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families and functional data including zebrafish model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8181 IFT43 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IFT43 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8178 IFT140 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IFT140 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8177 ARHGEF9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARHGEF9 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.8173 DYNC2H1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DYNC2H1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8170 DDX59 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DDX59 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8167 CEP83 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP83 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8165 RNU12 Bryony Thompson gene: RNU12 was added
gene: RNU12 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RNU12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RNU12 were set to 34085356; 27863452
Phenotypes for gene: RNU12 were set to CDAGS syndrome MIM#603116; Craniosynostosis, Delayed closure of the fontanelles, cranial defects, clavicular hypoplasia, Anal and Genitourinary malformations, and Skin manifestations
Review for gene: RNU12 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 5 CDAGS syndrome families with biallelic variants all including NC_000022.10:g.43011402C>T and another variant on the second allele. Whole transcriptome sequencing analysis of patient lymphoblastoid cells identified differentially expressed genes, and differential alternative splicing analysis indicated there was an enrichment of alternative splicing events. Also, limited evidence for an association with cerebellar ataxia with a single large consanguineous family reported with a homozygous variant.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8162 FHOD3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FHOD3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8161 FHOD3 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: FHOD3.
Mendeliome v0.8159 KCNJ16 Zornitza Stark gene: KCNJ16 was added
gene: KCNJ16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ16 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KCNJ16 were set to 33811157; 33840812
Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ16 were set to Renal tubulopathy; deafness
Review for gene: KCNJ16 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 8 unrelated families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8156 KLHL7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL7 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8153 SLC34A3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC34A3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8150 TNC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNC was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8146 RIPK4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RIPK4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8143 CEP290 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP290 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8140 CEP164 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP164 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8137 CEP120 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP120 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8134 CEP104 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP104 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8133 C5orf42 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: C5orf42.
Mendeliome v0.8131 C5orf42 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: C5orf42 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8130 C21orf2 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: C21orf2.
Mendeliome v0.8128 C21orf2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: C21orf2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8125 BBS9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BBS9 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8122 BBS7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BBS7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8119 BBS5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BBS5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8116 BBS4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BBS4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8113 ARL6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARL6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8109 SLCO2A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLCO2A1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8104 PPP2R1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP2R1A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8098 CLPB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLPB was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8092 ABCB4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCB4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8089 OAS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: OAS1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.8088 OAS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OAS1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8086 SLIT3 Zornitza Stark gene: SLIT3 was added
gene: SLIT3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLIT3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLIT3 were set to 33933663
Phenotypes for gene: SLIT3 were set to Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Review for gene: SLIT3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two affected individuals, single family, supportive mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8083 IQGAP3 Zornitza Stark gene: IQGAP3 was added
gene: IQGAP3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: IQGAP3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes for gene: IQGAP3 were set to Hereditary neuropathy
Review for gene: IQGAP3 was set to RED
Added comment: Single multiplex family, intronic variant, limited functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8080 TINF2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TINF2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8079 POPDC3 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 5 affected individuals from 3 unrelated families reported, supportive animal model data.
Sources: Literature; to: 5 affected individuals from 3 unrelated families reported, supportive animal model data. Presentation was between adolescence and 40s with proximal muscle weakness primarily affecting the lower limbs, resulting in increased falls and difficulty running. The disorder was slowly progressive, with later involvement of the upper limbs. MRI showed fatty replacement of the thigh muscles and medial gastrocnemius, with some paraspinal muscles also affected. Some patients had calf hypertrophy. Serum CK was markedly elevated.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8078 POPDC3 Zornitza Stark gene: POPDC3 was added
gene: POPDC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: POPDC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: POPDC3 were set to 31610034
Phenotypes for gene: POPDC3 were set to Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive 26, MIM# 618848
Review for gene: POPDC3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 5 affected individuals from 3 unrelated families reported, supportive animal model data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8075 ACD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACD was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8069 WRAP53 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WRAP53 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8069 WRAP53 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WRAP53 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8066 EP300 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EP300 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8063 PARN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PARN was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8060 KLF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8059 SPAG17 Zornitza Stark gene: SPAG17 was added
gene: SPAG17 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPAG17 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SPAG17 were set to 28548327
Phenotypes for gene: SPAG17 were set to Spermatogenic failure 55, MIM#619380
Review for gene: SPAG17 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported with two affected brothers, homozygous missense variant.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8058 CATIP Zornitza Stark gene: CATIP was added
gene: CATIP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: CATIP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CATIP were set to 32503832
Phenotypes for gene: CATIP were set to Spermatogenic failure 54, MIM# 619379
Review for gene: CATIP was set to RED
Added comment: Homozygous missense variant reported in a single consanguineous family with 4 affecteds. Limited functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.8054 HAX1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HAX1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8047 ARCN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARCN1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8044 NBEAL2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NBEAL2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8041 GFI1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GFI1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8038 SLC13A5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC13A5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8035 GATA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GATA2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8033 GATA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GATA1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.8030 ELANE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ELANE was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8027 EFL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EFL1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8024 CXCR4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CXCR4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8021 CTC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CTC1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8018 ANKRD26 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKRD26 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.8017 ANKRD26 Zornitza Stark Tag 5'UTR tag was added to gene: ANKRD26.
Mendeliome v0.8015 AK2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AK2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8012 ADA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADA2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8008 RFX4 Zornitza Stark gene: RFX4 was added
gene: RFX4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RFX4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RFX4 were set to 33658631
Phenotypes for gene: RFX4 were set to ID, ASD, ADHD
Review for gene: RFX4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Report of 38 individuals (from 33 unrelated families) with de novo or inherited loss of function variants in RFX3 (15 families), RFX4 (4 families), and RFX7 (14 families), identified through WES. Individuals share neurobehavioural features including ASD, intellectual disability, and/or ADHD; other frequent features include hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli and sleep problems. RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7 are strongly expressed in developing and adult human brain, and X-box binding motifs as well as RFX ChIP-seq peaks are enriched in the cis-regulatory regions of known ASD risk genes. These genes are potentially critical transcriptional regulators of neurobiological pathways associated with neurodevelopmental disease pathogenesis.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8006 RFX3 Zornitza Stark gene: RFX3 was added
gene: RFX3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RFX3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RFX3 were set to 33658631
Phenotypes for gene: RFX3 were set to ID, ASD, ADHD
Review for gene: RFX3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Report of 38 individuals (from 33 unrelated families) with de novo or inherited loss of function variants in RFX3 (15 families), RFX4 (4 families), and RFX7 (14 families), identified through WES. Individuals share neurobehavioural features including ASD, intellectual disability, and/or ADHD; other frequent features include hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli and sleep problems. RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7 are strongly expressed in developing and adult human brain, and X-box binding motifs as well as RFX ChIP-seq peaks are enriched in the cis-regulatory regions of known ASD risk genes. These genes are potentially critical transcriptional regulators of neurobiological pathways associated with neurodevelopmental disease pathogenesis.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8004 RFX7 Zornitza Stark gene: RFX7 was added
gene: RFX7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RFX7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RFX7 were set to 33658631
Phenotypes for gene: RFX7 were set to ID, ASD, ADHD
Review for gene: RFX7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Report of 38 individuals (from 33 unrelated families) with de novo or inherited loss of function variants in RFX3 (15 families), RFX4 (4 families), and RFX7 (14 families), identified through WES. Individuals share neurobehavioural features including ASD, intellectual disability, and/or ADHD; other frequent features include hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli and sleep problems. RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7 are strongly expressed in developing and adult human brain, and X-box binding motifs as well as RFX ChIP-seq peaks are enriched in the cis-regulatory regions of known ASD risk genes. These genes are potentially critical transcriptional regulators of neurobiological pathways associated with neurodevelopmental disease pathogenesis.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8002 SEMA3F Zornitza Stark gene: SEMA3F was added
gene: SEMA3F was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SEMA3F was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SEMA3F were set to 33495532
Phenotypes for gene: SEMA3F were set to Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Review for gene: SEMA3F was set to GREEN
Added comment: Screened 216 patients with Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism by exome sequencing. Identified 10 individuals from 7 families with heterozygous SEMA3F missense variants. In 4 of the kindreds, there was at least one more gene known to be associated with IHH (oligogenecity). Provide unequivocal human embryonic data showing the expression of SEMA3F along the developing human GnRH migratory pathway. SEMA3Fs harboring the P452T, T29M, and T724M missense variants showed impaired SEMA3F secretion in whole cell lysates.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.8000 PLXNA3 Zornitza Stark gene: PLXNA3 was added
gene: PLXNA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLXNA3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: PLXNA3 were set to 33495532
Phenotypes for gene: PLXNA3 were set to Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Review for gene: PLXNA3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Screened 216 patients with Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism by exome sequencing. Identified 7 individuals from 5 families with hemizygous PLXNA3 missense variants. In 2 of the kindreds, there was at least one more gene known to be associated with IHH (oligogenecity). Data provided with evidence that PLXNA3, a key component of the SEMA3F holoreceptor complex,31 is expressed by the human GnRH and olfactory/vomeronasal systems. S646P variant showed PLXNA3 localization exclusively in the ER, indicating that the variant S646P disrupts cell surface localization of PLXNA3.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7995 GNAI1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GNAI1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7993 FARSA Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FARSA: Added comment: Schuch et al. (2021) report 3 unrelated individuals with bi-allelic variants in FARSA. Identified through WES and variants segregated with disease. Functional evidence was obtained with reduced FARS1 enzyme activity levels in fibroblasts or EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (EBV-LCLs) of patients. Common to all was a chronic interstitial lung disease starting early in life and characterized by bilateral ground-glass opacification on HR-CT, and cholesterol pneumonitis in lung histology. Additional abnormalities in other organ systems include liver disease, neurological manifestations, and growth restriction.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 31355908, 33598926; Changed phenotypes: Rajab interstitial lung disease with brain calcifications 2, MIM# 619013
Mendeliome v0.7991 LAMA5 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMA5 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7988 ZNF81 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF81 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.7986 RELN Ee Ming Wong edited their review of gene: RELN: Added comment: - Six affected individuals carrying missense variants in RELN including
1. Two individuals with compound heterozygous variants
- One of the variants has 26 homozygotes in gnomAD and therefore pathogenicity of this variant is in question
- LoF demonstrated for three of the variants (reduced RELN secretion), except for p.Y1821H which demonstrated an apparently increased RELN secretion (GoF)
2. Two brothers carrying the maternally inherited variant (mother apparently healthy)
- LoF demonstrated for these variants
3. Two individuals de novo for RELN variants
- Dominant negative demonstrated for these variants where secretion of WT-RELN was impaired when co-transfected with mutant constructs in HEK293T cells; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: Riva et al bioRxiv (pre-print, not peer-reviewed); Changed phenotypes: Pachygyria, Polymicrogyria, Heterotopia; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7985 NIID Bryony Thompson STR: NIID was added
STR: NIID was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for STR: NIID was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: NIID were set to 31178126; 31332381; 31819945; 33887199; 33943039; 32250060; 31332380; 32852534; 32989102
Phenotypes for STR: NIID were set to Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease MIM#603472; Tremor, hereditary essential, 6 MIM#618866
Review for STR: NIID was set to GREEN
STR: NIID was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_001364012.2:c.-164GGC[(66_517)]
Large number of families and sporadic cases reported with expansions, with a range of neurodegenerative phenotypes, including: dementia, Parkinsonism/tremor, peripheral neuropathy, leukoencephalopathy, myopathy, motor neurone disease.
Normal repeat range: 7-60
Pathogenic repeat range: >=61-500
Mechanism of disease is translation of repeat expansion into a toxic polyglycine protein, identified in both mouse models and tissue samples from affected individuals.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7982 TRPM6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPM6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7979 CNTNAP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CNTNAP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7976 GLDN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GLDN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7974 ZBTB42 Zornitza Stark gene: ZBTB42 was added
gene: ZBTB42 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZBTB42 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ZBTB42 were set to 25055871
Phenotypes for gene: ZBTB42 were set to Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 6, MIM# 616248
Review for gene: ZBTB42 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Homozygous missense variant reported in a family with three stillbirths and a phenotype consistent with LCCS. Supportive zebrafish model.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.7971 MYBPC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYBPC1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7965 MUSK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MUSK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7962 DOK7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DOK7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7959 TPM2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TPM2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7956 CHRNG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHRNG was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7953 CD207 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CD207 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7951 KIF17 Zornitza Stark gene: KIF17 was added
gene: KIF17 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF17 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KIF17 were set to 33922911; 30458707; 28341548
Phenotypes for gene: KIF17 were set to Microphthalmia; Coloboma
Review for gene: KIF17 was set to RED
Added comment: Two siblings reported with MAC spectrum and homozygous missense variant in this gene. Some pre-existing data linking KIF17 to eye development.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7949 SASH3 Zornitza Stark gene: SASH3 was added
gene: SASH3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SASH3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: SASH3 were set to 33876203
Phenotypes for gene: SASH3 were set to Combined immunodeficiency; immune dysregulation
Review for gene: SASH3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated males reported presenting with combined immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation manifesting as recurrent sinopulmonary, cutaneous and mucosal infections, and refractory autoimmune cytopaenias. One missense variant, rest were nonsense.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7947 FOXP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXP1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7945 MYBPC2 Zornitza Stark gene: MYBPC2 was added
gene: MYBPC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MYBPC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MYBPC2 were set to 32732226
Phenotypes for gene: MYBPC2 were set to Fetal akinesia; Hydrops; Hygroma; Multiple pterygium
Review for gene: MYBPC2 was set to RED
Added comment: Novel candidate gene identified in a fetus with fetal akinesia detected by ultrasound. Autopsy showed multiple congenital abnormalities including hydrops, hygroma, multiple pterygium. A homozygous variant (c.3394G>A/ p.Glu1132Lys) in MYBPC2 was found by exome sequencing with concordant segregation among one affected sib and two unaffected sibs.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7944 SCN7A Zornitza Stark gene: SCN7A was added
gene: SCN7A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SCN7A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SCN7A were set to 32732226
Phenotypes for gene: SCN7A were set to Holoprosencephaly
Review for gene: SCN7A was set to RED
Added comment: Novel candidate gene identified in a fetus with holoprosencephaly detected by ultrasound. Autopsy showed multiple congenital abnormalities including IUGR, microcephaly, bilateral, ablepharon, corpus callosum agenesis, myelomeningocele, tracheal atresia, absent nipples, unilateral simian crease, and hypoplastic phalanges. Compound heterozygous variants including a truncating variant were found by exome sequencing with concordant segregation.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7943 SPTBN5 Zornitza Stark gene: SPTBN5 was added
gene: SPTBN5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTBN5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SPTBN5 were set to 32732226; 28007035
Phenotypes for gene: SPTBN5 were set to Sacral agenesis; congenital anomalies
Review for gene: SPTBN5 was set to RED
Added comment: Identified as a candidate gene in a sacral agenesis cohort.

PMID 32732226: compound het variants identified in a fetus with multicystic kidney and oligohydramnios detected by fetal ultrasound. Autopsy showed multiple congenital abnormalities including hygroma coli, spina bifida, polycystic kidneys, facial dysmorphism, common mesenterin, rachischisis, sacral vertebral agenesis.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7940 WDR91 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR91 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7938 WDR91 Zornitza Stark commented on gene: WDR91: PMID 32732226: Novel candidate gene identified in a fetus with hygroma and hydrocephaly detected by fetal ultrasound. Autopsy showed multiple congenital abnormalities including hygroma, macrocephaly, abnormal ears, unilateral simian crease, hydrocephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, and interventricular communication. A homozygous truncating variant was found by exome sequencing with concordant segregation among 4 affected fetus, 2 healthy sibs and both parents. Mouse models support role in brain development.
Mendeliome v0.7938 PLEKHN1 Zornitza Stark gene: PLEKHN1 was added
gene: PLEKHN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLEKHN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PLEKHN1 were set to 33884296
Phenotypes for gene: PLEKHN1 were set to Sensory Neuropathy
Review for gene: PLEKHN1 was set to RED
Added comment: Hom missense variant in single patient with severely reduced/absent pain and temperature sensation
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7937 ZNF3 Zornitza Stark gene: ZNF3 was added
gene: ZNF3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ZNF3 were set to 32732226
Phenotypes for gene: ZNF3 were set to Hydrocephalus; cleft palate; microphthalmia
Review for gene: ZNF3 was set to RED
Added comment: Novel candidate gene identified in a fetus with hydrocephaly and facial cleft detected by fetal ultrasound. Autopsy showed multiple congenital abnormalities including a median cleft palate, partial maxillar agenesis, bilateral severe microphthalmia, arhinencephaly, partial thalamic fusion. A homozygous truncating variant (c.396A>G/ p.*132Trpext*69) in ZNF3 was found by exome sequencing.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7936 SMPDL3A Seb Lunke gene: SMPDL3A was added
gene: SMPDL3A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SMPDL3A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SMPDL3A were set to 33884296
Phenotypes for gene: SMPDL3A were set to Sensory Neuropathy
Added comment: Hom missense variant in twin sisters with deverely reduced pain and temperature sensation
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7935 WRAP73 Zornitza Stark gene: WRAP73 was added
gene: WRAP73 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: WRAP73 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: WRAP73 were set to 33693649
Phenotypes for gene: WRAP73 were set to Microsperophakia
Review for gene: WRAP73 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two Indian families with same homozygous missense, (p.Pro383Leu) and supportive functional data (zebrafish model).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7930 SLC37A4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC37A4 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7927 TUBA1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBA1A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7922 BCAS3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BCAS3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7918 SRCAP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SRCAP was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7915 ADAMTSL2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAMTSL2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7912 HS3ST6 Zornitza Stark gene: HS3ST6 was added
gene: HS3ST6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: HS3ST6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: HS3ST6 were set to 33508266
Phenotypes for gene: HS3ST6 were set to Hereditary angioedema-8 (HAE8), MIM#619367
Review for gene: HS3ST6 was set to RED
Added comment: Three affected individuals from a single family reported, missense variant, no functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.7911 MYOF Zornitza Stark gene: MYOF was added
gene: MYOF was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MYOF was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MYOF were set to 32542751
Phenotypes for gene: MYOF were set to Hereditary angioedema-7 (HAE7), MIM#619366
Review for gene: MYOF was set to RED
Added comment: Three individuals from one family reported, onset of recurrent episodic swelling of the face, lips, and oral mucosa was in the second decade. Variant was also present in another unaffected family member. Some functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.7908 KNG1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KNG1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7903 PLG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLG was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7899 PRKD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKD1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7897 PRKD1 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PRKD1: Added comment: Additional publications supporting association with bi-allelic disease:

PMID: 33919081: Three sisters with pulmonary stenosis, truncus arteriosis, and atrial septal defect were homozygous for c.265-1G>T. Their asymptomatic father was also homozygous, however he had two affected sisters (not genotyped), raising the possibility that PRKD1 may undergo autosomal recessive inheritance mode with gender limitation. PMID: 25713110: Two sisters with truncus arteriosis were homozygous for R618X.; Changed publications: 27479907, 32817298, 25713110, 33919081; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7896 ATXN2L Seb Lunke gene: ATXN2L was added
gene: ATXN2L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATXN2L was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: ATXN2L were set to 33283965; 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: ATXN2L were set to macrocephaly; intellectual disability
Review for gene: ATXN2L was set to AMBER
Added comment: Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7891 LTBP1 Chern Lim gene: LTBP1 was added
gene: LTBP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LTBP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LTBP1 were set to 33991472
Phenotypes for gene: LTBP1 were set to cutis laxa syndrome
Review for gene: LTBP1 was set to GREEN
gene: LTBP1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: PMID:33991472
- Premature truncating variants in multiple affected individuals from 4 unrelated consanguineous families.
- Affected individuals present with connective tissue features (cutis laxa and inguinal hernia), craniofacial dysmorphology, variable heart defects, and prominent skeletal features (craniosynostosis, short stature, brachydactyly, and syndactyly).
- Functional studies done on patient fibroblasts and zebrafish models.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7891 SLC30A5 Melanie Marty gene: SLC30A5 was added
gene: SLC30A5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC30A5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC30A5 were set to 33547425; 12095919
Phenotypes for gene: SLC30A5 were set to Perinatal lethal cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: SLC30A5 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Four affected children from two unrelated families with cardiomyopathy, hydrops fetalis, or cystic hygroma that all deceased perinatally. 2 different homozygous PTCs variants found. Knockout of SLC30A5 in mouse models showed reduced body growth and reduced bone density. About 60% of the mice died due to bradyarrhythmia.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7891 CADM3 Teresa Zhao gene: CADM3 was added
gene: CADM3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CADM3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: CADM3 were set to PMID: 33889941
Phenotypes for gene: CADM3 were set to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Review for gene: CADM3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Three families reported with the same missense variant in CADM3 p.Tyr172Cys (one family de novo), with mice work to show reduced expression of the mutant protein in axons and abnormal axonal organization.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7891 ANGPTL8 Dean Phelan gene: ANGPTL8 was added
gene: ANGPTL8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ANGPTL8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ANGPTL8 were set to PMID: 33909604
Phenotypes for gene: ANGPTL8 were set to Low serum triglycerides; Coronary artery disease
Review for gene: ANGPTL8 was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 33909604 - Population studies showed PTV are associated with both lipid levels and coronary artery disease.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7891 PGM2L1 Chern Lim gene: PGM2L1 was added
gene: PGM2L1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PGM2L1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PGM2L1 were set to 33979636
Phenotypes for gene: PGM2L1 were set to severe developmental and speech delay, dysmorphic facial features, ear anomalies, high arched palate, strabismus, hypotonia, and keratosis pilaris
Review for gene: PGM2L1 was set to GREEN
gene: PGM2L1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: PMID: 33979636:
- Hom/chet PTVs in 4 unrelated individuals. All four affected individuals had severe developmental and speech delay, dysmorphic facial features, ear anomalies, high arched palate, strabismus, hypotonia, and keratosis pilaris. Early obesity and seizures were present in three individuals.
- Studies on patient fibroblasts and cell lines indicated that PGM2L1 deficiency causes a decrease, but not a disappearance, of the sugar bisphosphates needed for the formation of NDP-sugars and that there is no evidence that this leads to a glycosylation defect.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7889 KCNB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNB1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7886 SYT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SYT1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7883 UBTF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UBTF was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7881 ZEB2 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: ZEB2.
Mendeliome v0.7879 SLC9A6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC9A6 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.7876 SHANK3 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: SHANK3.
Mendeliome v0.7873 SATB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SATB2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7872 MEF2C Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: MEF2C.
Tag 5'UTR tag was added to gene: MEF2C.
Mendeliome v0.7870 MBD5 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: MBD5.
Mendeliome v0.7868 MBD5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MBD5 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7861 MASP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MASP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7858 BRPF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BRPF1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7855 TRAF7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAF7 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7852 UBE3B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UBE3B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7843 TAF6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TAF6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7839 SLC24A5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC24A5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7836 SLC45A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC45A2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7834 TYR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TYR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7831 TYRP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TYRP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7828 MC1R Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MC1R was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7824 LRMDA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LRMDA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7821 SERPINF2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SERPINF2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7818 SERPINE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SERPINE1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7815 TBXA2R Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TBXA2R was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7811 P2RY12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: P2RY12 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7808 MCFD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MCFD2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7805 LMAN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LMAN1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7802 ITGA2B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGA2B was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7799 LMOD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LMOD1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7796 POU4F1 Bryony Thompson gene: POU4F1 was added
gene: POU4F1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: POU4F1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: POU4F1 were set to 33783914; 8876243
Phenotypes for gene: POU4F1 were set to Ataxia; intention tremor; hypotonia
Review for gene: POU4F1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 unrelated probands presenting with paediatric onset ataxia, intention tremor, and hypotonia, with de novo loss of function variants, and supporting null mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7793 HPS6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HPS6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7790 HPS4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HPS4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7787 HPS3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HPS3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7784 HPS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HPS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7781 GP9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GP9 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7778 GP6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GP6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7775 GP1BB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GP1BB was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7771 SCNN1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCNN1B was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7768 FGB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FGB was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7765 F9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: F9 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.7762 F8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: F8 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.7759 F7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: F7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7757 F5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: F5 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7754 F13A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: F13A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7751 F10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: F10 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7749 MCM7 Arina Puzriakova gene: MCM7 was added
gene: MCM7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MCM7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MCM7 were set to 33654309; 34059554
Phenotypes for gene: MCM7 were set to Meier-Gorlin syndrome; Microcephaly; Intellectual disability; Lipodystrophy; Adrenal insufficiency
Review for gene: MCM7 was set to AMBER
Added comment: MCM7 is a component of the MCM complex, a DNA helicase which is essential for DNA replication. Other components have been linked to disease with phenotypes including microcephaly and ID. MCM7 is not associated with any phenotype in OMIM or G2P at present.
------
Currently there are 3 unrelated pedigrees in literature with different biallelic MCM7 variants associated with disease (see below). Although there is some functional data in support of variant-level deleteriousness or gene-level pathogenicity, the clinical gestalt is very different between the 3 families.

- PMID: 33654309 (2021) - Two unrelated individuals with different compound het variants in MCM7 but disparate clinical features. One patient had typical Meier-Gorlin syndrome (including growth retardation, microcephaly, congenital lung emphysema, absent breast development, microtia, facial dysmorphism) whereas the second case had a multi-system disorder with neonatal progeroid appearance, lipodystrophy and adrenal insufficiency. While small at birth, the second patient did not demonstrate reduced stature or microcephaly at age 14.5 years. Both individuals had normal neurodevelopment.
Functional studies using patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrate that the identified MCM7 variants were deleterious at either transcript or protein levels and through interfering with MCM complex formation, impact efficiency of S phase progression.

- PMID: 34059554 (2021) - Homozygous missense variant identified in three affected individuals from a consanguineous family with severe primary microcephaly, severe ID and behavioural abnormalities. Knockdown of Mcm7 in mouse neuroblastoma cells lead to reduced cell viability and proliferation with increased apoptosis, which were rescued by overexpression of wild-type but not mutant MCM7.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7747 DTNBP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DTNBP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7744 BLOC1S3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BLOC1S3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7741 AP3B1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AP3B1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7738 LHCGR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LHCGR was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7734 GEMIN5 Zornitza Stark gene: GEMIN5 was added
gene: GEMIN5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GEMIN5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GEMIN5 were set to 33963192
Phenotypes for gene: GEMIN5 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction, MIM# 619333
Review for gene: GEMIN5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction (NEDCAM) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay with prominent motor abnormalities, mainly axial hypotonia, gait ataxia, and appendicular spasticity. Affected individuals have cognitive impairment and speech delay; brain imaging shows cerebellar atrophy. 30 individuals from 22 unrelated families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7731 ANO6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ANO6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7728 KLHL3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL3 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7726 KCNJ5 Zornitza Stark gene: KCNJ5 was added
gene: KCNJ5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KCNJ5 were set to 21311022; 22203740; 24420545; 24574546
Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ5 were set to Hyperaldosteronism, familial, type III, MIM# 613677
Review for gene: KCNJ5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Association with hyperaldosteronism: At least 5 unrelated families reported.

Association with Long QT: disputed.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.7723 HSD11B2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HSD11B2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7720 CLCN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCN2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7717 CACNA1D Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CACNA1D was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7714 CACNA1H Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CACNA1H was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7707 NFU1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NFU1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7704 RAB11B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB11B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7701 UFSP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UFSP2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7700 KLHL13 Zornitza Stark gene: KLHL13 was added
gene: KLHL13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL13 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: KLHL13 were set to 24627108
Phenotypes for gene: KLHL13 were set to HMSN
Review for gene: KLHL13 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family (two affected males) with an inherited peripheral neuropathy, no functional analysis.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.7697 PRX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRX was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7694 PLEKHG5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLEKHG5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7691 NEFL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEFL was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7688 ADNP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADNP was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7685 CHUK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHUK was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7682 PARP6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PARP6 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7680 PARP6 Zornitza Stark gene: PARP6 was added
gene: PARP6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PARP6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PARP6 were set to Cells 2021, 10(6), 1289; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061289
Phenotypes for gene: PARP6 were set to Intellectual disability; Epilepsy; Microcephaly
Review for gene: PARP6 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene and a neurodevelopmental phenotype. Supportive functional data. One pair of siblings with a homozygous missense: limited evidence for bi-allelic variants causing disease.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7677 MAPKBP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAPKBP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7673 DNAJB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJB2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7668 TRPV6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPV6 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7662 RETREG1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RETREG1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7659 SBF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SBF1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7656 SBF2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SBF2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7653 SCN10A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCN10A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7649 COL5A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL5A1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7644 DKC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DKC1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.7641 THOC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: THOC2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.7638 FGA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FGA was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7635 GRHL2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GRHL2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7632 ST14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ST14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7630 CPE Zornitza Stark gene: CPE was added
gene: CPE was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: CPE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CPE were set to 26120850; 32936766
Phenotypes for gene: CPE were set to Intellectual developmental disorder and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, MIM# 619326
Review for gene: CPE was set to AMBER
Added comment: Four affected individuals from two unrelated families reported, bi-allelic LoF variants.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.7628 CELSR1 Zornitza Stark gene: CELSR1 was added
gene: CELSR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CELSR1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CELSR1 were set to 31215153; 31403174; 26855770
Phenotypes for gene: CELSR1 were set to Lymphatic malformation 9, MIM# 619319
Review for gene: CELSR1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 3 unrelated families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7621 SMARCA5 Zornitza Stark gene: SMARCA5 was added
gene: SMARCA5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SMARCA5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SMARCA5 were set to 33980485
Phenotypes for gene: SMARCA5 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder; microcephaly; dysmorphic features
Review for gene: SMARCA5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 12 individuals reported with either de novo or appropriately segregating variants in this gene and mild developmental delay, frequent postnatal short stature and microcephaly, and recurrent dysmorphic features. Functional data supports gene-disease association.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7616 SEPT9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SEPT9 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7615 SEPT9 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: SEPT9.
Tag 5'UTR tag was added to gene: SEPT9.
Tag founder tag was added to gene: SEPT9.
Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: SEPT9.
Mendeliome v0.7613 SLC5A7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC5A7 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7609 NR3C2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NR3C2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7606 SCNN1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCNN1A was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7603 SPTLC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTLC1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7600 SPTLC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTLC2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7599 ZPR1 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: ZPR1.
Mendeliome v0.7599 ZPR1 Zornitza Stark gene: ZPR1 was added
gene: ZPR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZPR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ZPR1 were set to 29851065
Phenotypes for gene: ZPR1 were set to Growth restriction, hypoplastic kidneys, alpecia, and distinctive facies 619321
Review for gene: ZPR1 was set to RED
Added comment: 3 families reported with growth restriction, hypoplastic kidneys, alopecia, and distinctive facies (GKAF). All were Hispanic families from the middle Rio Grande Valley. Homozygous missense identified in one family, p. Ile196Thr. Others unavailable for testing, founder effect postulated.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7594 AFF3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AFF3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7591 KDR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KDR was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7588 TRIM2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIM2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7585 RAB7A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB7A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7582 PRDM12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRDM12 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7573 INTU Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: INTU was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7570 NGF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NGF was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7565 NDUFB3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFB3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7557 SPI1 Zornitza Stark gene: SPI1 was added
gene: SPI1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPI1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SPI1 were set to 33951726
Phenotypes for gene: SPI1 were set to Agammaglobulinaemia
Review for gene: SPI1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Six unrelated individuals reported, four with de novo variants, two unphased. Some functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7554 NDRG1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NDRG1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7551 MTMR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MTMR2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7549 TMEM222 Zornitza Stark gene: TMEM222 was added
gene: TMEM222 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM222 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TMEM222 were set to 33824500
Phenotypes for gene: TMEM222 were set to Intellectual disability; Epilepsy; Microcephaly
Review for gene: TMEM222 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Polla et al (2021 - PMID: 33824500) report 17 individuals from 9 unrelated families, with biallelic TMEM222 pathogenic variants. The phenotype included motor, speech delay and moderate to severe ID (as universal features). Other manifestations included hypotonia (10/15), broad gait (5/12), seizures (7/17 - belonging to 6/9 families), MRI abnormalities (5/8). Variable behavioral abnormalities were observed (aggressive behavior, shy character, stereotypic movements etc). Abnormal OFC was a feature in several with microcephaly in 7 subjects from 4 families (measurements not available for all 17). Nonspecific facial features were reported in 10/17.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7547 CHD5 Zornitza Stark gene: CHD5 was added
gene: CHD5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CHD5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CHD5 were set to 33944996
Phenotypes for gene: CHD5 were set to Intellectual disability; Epilepsy
Review for gene: CHD5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 16 unrelated individuals reported with language deficits (81%), behavioral symptoms (69%), intellectual disability (64%), epilepsy (62%), and motor delay (56%).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7544 MME Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MME was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7540 RCAN1 Zornitza Stark gene: RCAN1 was added
gene: RCAN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RCAN1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RCAN1 were set to 33863784
Phenotypes for gene: RCAN1 were set to FSGS; proteinuria
Review for gene: RCAN1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two families reported, some functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7537 ZNFX1 Zornitza Stark gene: ZNFX1 was added
gene: ZNFX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNFX1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ZNFX1 were set to 33872655; 33876776
Phenotypes for gene: ZNFX1 were set to Multisystem inflammation; susceptibility to viral infections
Review for gene: ZNFX1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 15 individuals from 8 families reported with multi-system inflammation and susceptibility to viral infections.

In addition, four indviduals from two unrelated kindreds reported with intermittent monocytosis and mycobacterial disease, including bacillus Calmette-Guérin-osis and disseminated tuberculosis.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7535 STXBP3 Zornitza Stark gene: STXBP3 was added
gene: STXBP3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: STXBP3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: STXBP3 were set to 33891011
Phenotypes for gene: STXBP3 were set to Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss; Immune Dysregulation
Review for gene: STXBP3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 10 individuals from 5 families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7532 IL21R Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL21R was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7529 SIN3B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SIN3B was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7519 LRSAM1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LRSAM1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7516 LITAF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LITAF was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7513 SLC3A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC3A1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7511 LSM7 Bryony Thompson gene: LSM7 was added
gene: LSM7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LSM7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LSM7 were set to DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100034
Phenotypes for gene: LSM7 were set to Leukodystrophy; foetal death
Review for gene: LSM7 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Homozygous variant (p.Asp41Asn) identified in a child with leukodystrophy and a homozygous variant (p.Arg69Pro) identified in an individual that died in utero. In vitro and in vivo (zebrafish) assays supporting pathogenicity of the 2 variants.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7509 PTPN4 Bryony Thompson gene: PTPN4 was added
gene: PTPN4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPN4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PTPN4 were set to 17953619; 25424712; 30238967; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100033
Phenotypes for gene: PTPN4 were set to Intellectual disability; developmental delay
Review for gene: PTPN4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: >3 unrelated probands and supporting mouse model
PMID: 17953619 - knockout mouse model has impaired motor learning and cerebellar synaptic plasticity
PMID: 25424712 - twins with a de novo whole gene deletion and a Rett-like neurodevelopmental disorder
PMID: 30238967 - mosaic de novo variant (p.Leu72Ser) identified in a child with developmental delay, autistic features, hypotonia, increased immunoglobulin E and dental problems. Also supporting mouse assays demonstrating loss of protein expression in dendritic spines
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100033 - missense and truncating variants in six unrelated individuals with varying degrees of intellectual disability or developmental delay. 5 were able to undergo segregation analysis and found to be de novo.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7507 POLR3K Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: POLR3K.
Mendeliome v0.7506 POLR3K Zornitza Stark gene: POLR3K was added
gene: POLR3K was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR3K was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: POLR3K were set to 30584594; 33659930
Phenotypes for gene: POLR3K were set to Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-21, MIM#619310
Review for gene: POLR3K was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two individuals from same ethnic background reported with a common homozygous missense variant in this gene, suggestive of founder effect. Some functional evidence, and note other gene family members are linked to similar phenotypes. Neurodegenerative phenotype: global developmental delay apparent from infancy with loss of motor, speech, and cognitive milestones in the first decades of life.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.7503 SAG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SAG was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7500 YWHAG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: YWHAG was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7496 OCRL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OCRL was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.7489 NEK1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEK1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7486 INF2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: INF2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7483 MED25 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MED25 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7480 HSPB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HSPB1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7477 HINT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HINT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7474 GNB4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GNB4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7471 GJB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GJB1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.7470 NEPRO Chern Lim gene: NEPRO was added
gene: NEPRO was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NEPRO was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NEPRO were set to 26633546; 29620724; 31250547
Phenotypes for gene: NEPRO were set to Anauxetic dysplasia 3, MIM618853
Review for gene: NEPRO was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMIDs 26633546, 29620724: 2 families with the same homozygous missense variant, haplotype analysis confirmed the founder nature of the variant.

PMID 31250547: 1 family with homozygous novel missense

All 5 affected individuals have severe short stature, brachydactyly, skin laxity, joint hypermobility, and joint dislocations. They also have short metacarpals, broad middle phalanges, and metaphyseal irregularities. No functional studies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7468 FGD4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FGD4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7465 COX6A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COX6A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7464 JAG2 Belinda Chong gene: JAG2 was added
gene: JAG2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: JAG2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: JAG2 were set to PMID: 33861953
Phenotypes for gene: JAG2 were set to muscular dystrophy
Review for gene: JAG2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Whole-exome sequencing identified 13 families with rare homozygous or compound heterozygous JAG2 variants. Bi-allelic variants include 10 missense variants that disrupt highly conserved amino acids, a nonsense variant, two frameshift variants, an in-frame deletion, and a microdeletion encompassing JAG2. Onset of muscle weakness occurred from infancy to young adulthood. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were normal or mildly elevated. Muscle histology was primarily dystrophic. MRI of the lower extremities revealed a distinct, slightly asymmetric pattern of muscle involvement with cores of preserved and affected muscles in quadriceps and tibialis anterior, in some cases resembling patterns seen in POGLUT1-associated muscular dystrophy.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7464 VPS41 Kristin Rigbye changed review comment from: "Five unrelated families with nine affected individuals, all carrying homozygous variants in VPS41 that we show impact protein function. All affected individuals presented with a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder consisting of cognitive impairment, cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia, motor dysfunction with ataxia and dystonia, and nystagmus. Zebrafish disease modelling supports the involvement of VPS41 dysfunction in the disorder, indicating lysosomal dysregulation throughout the brain and providing support for cerebellar and microglial abnormalities when vps41 was mutated. This provides the first example of human disease linked to the HOPS-specific subunit VPS41 and suggests the importance of HOPS complex activity for cerebellar function."; to: "Five unrelated families with nine affected individuals, all carrying homozygous variants in VPS41 that we show impact protein function. All affected individuals presented with a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder consisting of cognitive impairment, cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia, motor dysfunction with ataxia and dystonia, and nystagmus. Zebrafish disease modelling supports the involvement of VPS41 dysfunction in the disorder, indicating lysosomal dysregulation throughout the brain and providing support for cerebellar and microglial abnormalities when vps41 was mutated. This provides the first example of human disease linked to the HOPS-specific subunit VPS41 and suggests the importance of HOPS complex activity for cerebellar function."

"Affected individuals were born after uneventful pregnancies and presented in most cases early in life with developmental delay. Various degrees of ataxia, hypotonia, and dystonia were present in all affected individuals, preventing independent ambulation. Likewise, nystagmus was commonly described. In addition, all affected individuals displayed intellectual disability and speech delay. Two siblings further presented with therapy-resistant epilepsy. No major dysmorphic features were found. In two individuals, retinal pigment alterations were noticed. Brain MRI revealed mild cerebellar atrophy and vermian atrophy without other major structural abnormalities in most affected individuals while in one case (Subject 9) bilateral hyperintensities at the nucleus caudatus area were noted. No hearing or vision problems were noted and in cases where nerve conduction studies were performed, these were normal. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on peripheral blood lymphocytes from Subject 2 and lymphoblastoid cells from Subject 3 revealed more multilayered vesicles compared to control cells."
Mendeliome v0.7464 SIN3B Elena Savva gene: SIN3B was added
gene: SIN3B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SIN3B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: SIN3B were set to PMID: 33811806
Phenotypes for gene: SIN3B were set to Syndromic intellectual disability/autism spectrum disorder
Review for gene: SIN3B was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 33811806
- 9 affected patients, all de novo (2 PTCs, 2 missense, multigenic CNVs)
- syndrome hallmarked by intellectual disability, developmental delay, and dysmorphic facial features with variably penetrant ASD, congenital malformations, corpus callosum defects, and impaired growth.
- CNVs encompassing the gene have been found
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7464 DPYSL5 Michelle Torres gene: DPYSL5 was added
gene: DPYSL5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DPYSL5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DPYSL5 were set to 33894126
Phenotypes for gene: DPYSL5 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with corpus callosum agenesis and cerebellar abnormalities
Review for gene: DPYSL5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Nine individuals with brain malformations, including corpus callosum agenesis and/or posterior fossa abnormalities, associated with variable degrees of intellectual disability. The recurrent de novo p.Glu41Lys was found in eight unrelated patients, and a p.Gly47Arg variant was identified in one individual from the first family reported with Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome. Both impaired DPYSL5 function on dendritic outgrowth regulation by preventing the formation of the ternary complex with MAP2 and βIII-tubulin, ultimately leading to abnormal brain development
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7464 SCD Elena Savva gene: SCD was added
gene: SCD was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SCD was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SCD were set to PMID: 33690217; 10899171
Phenotypes for gene: SCD were set to Adrenoleukodystrophy
Review for gene: SCD was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 33690217 zebrafish K/O mimics the motor phenotype of ALD zebrafish

PMID: 10899171 null mouse was deficient in hepatic cholesterol esters and triglycerides despite the presence of normal activities of acyl-CoA, very low levels of triglycerides
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7460 BICD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BICD2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7455 KCNQ5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNQ5 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7452 KCNK9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNK9 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, paternally imprinted (maternal allele expressed)
Mendeliome v0.7448 ATL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATL1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7445 COQ2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COQ2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7442 COA6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COA6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7439 CARS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CARS2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7437 PPP2R5C Sue White gene: PPP2R5C was added
gene: PPP2R5C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Research
Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP2R5C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes for gene: PPP2R5C were set to macrocephaly; intellectual disability
Penetrance for gene: PPP2R5C were set to Complete
Review for gene: PPP2R5C was set to AMBER
Added comment: Emerging unpublished evidence of monoallelic missense variants causing intellectual disability and macrocephaly
Sources: Research
Mendeliome v0.7434 SLX4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLX4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7430 SGCE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SGCE was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, maternally imprinted (paternal allele expressed)
Mendeliome v0.7427 PRKRA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKRA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7424 KMT2B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KMT2B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7421 CIZ1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CIZ1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7417 NPAS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NPAS2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7413 PNKD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PNKD was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7410 MECR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MECR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7407 HPCA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HPCA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7404 GNAL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GNAL was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7401 ADCY5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADCY5 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7397 THAP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: THAP1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7396 EIF4G1 Bryony Thompson Tag for review was removed from gene: EIF4G1.
Mendeliome v0.7394 CHST11 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: CHST11.
Mendeliome v0.7394 CHST11 Zornitza Stark gene: CHST11 was added
gene: CHST11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: CHST11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CHST11 were set to 26436107; 29514872
Phenotypes for gene: CHST11 were set to Osteochondrodysplasia, brachydactyly, and overlapping malformed digits, MIM# 618167
Review for gene: CHST11 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Osteochondrodysplasia, brachydactyly, and overlapping malformed digits (OCBMD) is characterized by bilateral symmetric skeletal defects that primarily affect the limbs. Affected individuals have mild short stature due to shortening of the lower leg bones, as well as hand and foot malformations, predominantly brachydactyly and overlapping digits. Other skeletal defects include scoliosis, dislocated patellae and fibulae, and pectus excavatum.

Two unrelated families reported, note one had a homozygous deletion. One family had 10 affected individuals.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.7390 PSMB8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMB8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7386 PPARG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PPARG was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7383 POLD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POLD1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7382 PLIN1 Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: PLIN1.
Mendeliome v0.7380 PLIN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLIN1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7376 PCYT1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PCYT1A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7372 KCNJ6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ6 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7370 EIF4G1 Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: EIF4G1.
Mendeliome v0.7369 EIF4G1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF4G1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7367 EIF4G1 Bryony Thompson Tag for review tag was added to gene: EIF4G1.
Mendeliome v0.7365 CIDEC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CIDEC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7362 LIG3 Zornitza Stark gene: LIG3 was added
gene: LIG3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LIG3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LIG3 were set to 33855352
Phenotypes for gene: LIG3 were set to gut dysmotility; spasticity; ataxia; repetitive behaviours; neurogenic bladder; macular degeneration; leukoencephalopathy; cerebellar atrophy
Review for gene: LIG3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families and functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7360 HNRNPDL Bryony Thompson gene: HNRNPDL was added
gene: HNRNPDL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: HNRNPDL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: HNRNPDL were set to 24647604; 31267206; 31995753; 32407983; 32904822; 32367994
Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPDL were set to Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal dominant 3 MIM#609115
Review for gene: HNRNPDL was set to GREEN
gene: HNRNPDL was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: At least 5 families reported with either D378H/N, and supporting functional assays demonstrating that these variants affect protein function. No other pathogenic variants have been reported. A VUS has been reported (along with another SETX variant) in an individual with a multi-system disorder, including a metabolic myopathy.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.7358 JMJD1C Zornitza Stark gene: JMJD1C was added
gene: JMJD1C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: JMJD1C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: JMJD1C were set to 26181491; 32996679
Phenotypes for gene: JMJD1C were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: JMJD1C was set to GREEN
Added comment: Reported in ID cohort (with Rett-like phenotypic overlap) with supporting functional studies (PMID: 26181491). 7 individuals with rare variants identified, and variants demonstrated to be de novo in 2, one with a Rett-like phenotype and the other with ID. Functional study of the JMJD1C mutant Rett syndrome patient demonstrated that the altered protein had abnormal subcellular localization, diminished activity to demethylate the DNA damage-response protein MDC1, and reduced binding to MECP2. JMJD1C protein shown to be widely expressed in brain regions and that its depletion compromised dendritic activity.

Splice-disrupting JMJD1C variant reported in association with learning disability and myoclonic epilepsy (PMID 32996679).

Disruption of gene due to balanced translocation (PMID 33591602) implicated in autism spectrum disease phenotype.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.7355 CAVIN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CAVIN1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7352 CAV1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CAV1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7349 AFF4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AFF4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7346 GCGR Zornitza Stark gene: GCGR was added
gene: GCGR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: GCGR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GCGR were set to 19657311; 25695890; 27933176; 30032256; 30294546
Phenotypes for gene: GCGR were set to Mahvash disease, MIM# 619290
Review for gene: GCGR was set to GREEN
Added comment: Mahvash disease (MVAH) is caused by inactivating mutations in the glucagon receptor, leading to alpha-cell hyperplasia of the pancreas, hyperglucagonaemia without glucagonoma syndrome, and occasional hypoglycaemia. The disease may lead to glucagonomas and/or primitive neuroectodermal tumours.

More than 5 unrelated families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.7341 ABCB6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCB6 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7339 PRDM15 Zornitza Stark gene: PRDM15 was added
gene: PRDM15 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRDM15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PRDM15 were set to 31950080
Phenotypes for gene: PRDM15 were set to Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome; Holoprosencephaly
Review for gene: PRDM15 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Four consanguineous families reported with same homozygous variant, C844Y, shown to be LoF. Syndromic SRNS including HPE, brain malformations, polydactyly, congenital heart disease. Mouse model, extensive functional data focused on the brain phenotype. Two additional homozygous missense identified with isolated SRNS.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7336 ZIC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZIC2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7333 TGIF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TGIF1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7330 SIX3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SIX3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7327 DISP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DISP1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7323 TBX3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TBX3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7321 SALL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SALL1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7315 HELLS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HELLS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7312 ZBTB24 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZBTB24 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7309 CDCA7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDCA7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7305 XPC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: XPC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7302 XPA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: XPA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7299 RMI2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RMI2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7295 RAD51 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAD51 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7292 POLH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POLH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7287 MRE11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MRE11 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7284 MPLKIP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MPLKIP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7281 PIK3CD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIK3CD was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7278 GTF2H5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GTF2H5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7275 GTF2E2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GTF2E2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7271 FANCL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FANCL was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7268 FANCI Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FANCI was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7265 FANCG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FANCG was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7262 FANCF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FANCF was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7259 FANCE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FANCE was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7256 MDM2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MDM2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7250 NDUFB11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFB11 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.7247 FANCC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FANCC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7244 MFAP5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MFAP5 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7240 FANCB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FANCB was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.7236 FANCA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FANCA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7233 ERCC8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ERCC8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7230 GP1BA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GP1BA was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7225 ERCC4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ERCC4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7222 ERCC3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ERCC3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7218 SDHA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SDHA was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7217 SLC19A1 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC19A1 was added
gene: SLC19A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC19A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC19A1 were set to 32276275
Phenotypes for gene: SLC19A1 were set to Megaloblastic anemia, folate-responsive, MIM# 601775
Review for gene: SLC19A1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported with in-frame deletion, some functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.7214 ERCC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ERCC2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7207 RORC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RORC was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7204 KCNH1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNH1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7201 PLD1 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: PLD1.
Mendeliome v0.7199 EMC10 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: EMC10.
Mendeliome v0.7197 ITGB3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGB3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7192 ADCY6 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Laquerriere et al. (2014): 2 sibs from a consanguineous family with an axoglial form of lethal congenital contracture syndrome, and homozygous missense ADCY6 mutation (R1116C). The parents were heterozygous for the mutation. Knocked down ADCY6 orthologs in zebrafish showed a loss of myelin basic protein expression in the peripheral nervous system but no defects in Schwann cell migration and axonal growth. Gonzaga‐Jauregui et al. (2015): 1 patient with congenital hypotonia, distal joint contractures, hypomyelinating neuropathy, and vocal cord paralysis, and a homozygous missense ADCY6 variant. No functional studies. Deceased sister with a similar phenotype with hypotonia, areflexia, and hypomyelinating neuropathy who died at 18 months of respiratory insufficiency. Agolini et al. (2020): 1 patient with severe form of AMC, with two novel compound heterozygous variants in ADCY6 (parents confirmed carriers), but no functional studies.
Sources: Literature; to: - PMID: 33820833 (2021) - Further 2 sibs reported with a homozygous c.3346C>T:p.Arg1116Cys variant in the ADCY6 gene. The family was identified from a cohort of 315 genetically undiagnosed and unrelated AMC families. Arthrogryposis and IUGR were detected prenatally.

Laquerriere et al. (2014): 2 sibs from a consanguineous family with an axoglial form of lethal congenital contracture syndrome, and homozygous missense ADCY6 mutation (R1116C). The parents were heterozygous for the mutation. Knocked down ADCY6 orthologs in zebrafish showed a loss of myelin basic protein expression in the peripheral nervous system but no defects in Schwann cell migration and axonal growth. Gonzaga‐Jauregui et al. (2015): 1 patient with congenital hypotonia, distal joint contractures, hypomyelinating neuropathy, and vocal cord paralysis, and a homozygous missense ADCY6 variant. No functional studies. Deceased sister with a similar phenotype with hypotonia, areflexia, and hypomyelinating neuropathy who died at 18 months of respiratory insufficiency. Agolini et al. (2020): 1 patient with severe form of AMC, with two novel compound heterozygous variants in ADCY6 (parents confirmed carriers), but no functional studies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7191 UNC50 Arina Puzriakova gene: UNC50 was added
gene: UNC50 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: UNC50 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: UNC50 were set to 29016857; 33820833
Phenotypes for gene: UNC50 were set to Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Review for gene: UNC50 was set to AMBER
Added comment: UNC50 is currently not associated with any phenotype in OMIM (last edited on 02/01/2018) or Gene2Phenotype.

- PMID: 29016857 (2017) - Homozygosity mapping of disease loci combined with WES in a single male from a consanguineous family presenting with lethal AMC revealed a homozygous frameshift deletion in UNC50 gene (c.750_751del:p.Cys251Phefs*4). Functional studies in C. elegans showed the variant caused loss of acetylcholine receptor expression in the muscle.

- PMID: 33820833 (2021) - Single individual reported with the same homozygous c.750_751del:p.Cys251Phefs*4 variant in UNC50 as previously described. The case was identified from a cohort of 315 genetically undiagnosed and unrelated AMC families. Arthrogryposis and tetra ventricular dilation were detected prenatally.

-- Note: it isn't definitively clear whether these are different individuals. Both are singleton males born to consanguineous parents, with the same variant and similar phenotype. Also both infants died at 28 w.g. However, the 2021 paper (PMID:33820833) states their patient was selected from a cohort of cases without a molecular diagnosis and indicate the UNC50 gene had already previously been identified in relation to this phenotype, highlighting the earlier paper (PMID:29016857). There is also no mention of tetra ventricular dilation in the first case, so it is likely that these do represent distinct individuals. Additional cases needed to provide clarity.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7191 PLCH1 Arina Puzriakova gene: PLCH1 was added
gene: PLCH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLCH1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PLCH1 were set to 33820834
Phenotypes for gene: PLCH1 were set to Holoprosencephaly spectrum; Severe developmental delay; Brain malformations
Review for gene: PLCH1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PLCH1 is currently not associated with any phenotype in OMIM (last edited on 16/06/2009) or Gene2Phenotype.

- PMID: 33820834 (2021) - Two sibling pairs from two unrelated families with a holoprosencephaly spectrum phenotype and different homozygous PLCH1 variants (c.2065C>T, p.Arg689* and c.4235delA, p.Cys1079ValfsTer16, respectively). One family presented with congenital hydrocephalus, epilepsy, significant developmental delay and a monoventricle or fused thalami; while sibs from the second family had alobar holoprosencephaly and cyclopia. 3/4 individuals also displayed a cleft palate and congenital heart disease.
Human embryo immunohistochemistry showed PLCH1 to be expressed in the notorcord, developing spinal cord (in a ventral to dorsal gradient), dorsal root ganglia, cerebellum and dermatomyosome.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7189 DDX11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DDX11 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7187 PDIA6 Zornitza Stark gene: PDIA6 was added
gene: PDIA6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PDIA6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: PDIA6 were set to Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD) syndrome and infantile‐onset diabetes
Review for gene: PDIA6 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Amber in view of the good quality functional data.

1 case with asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD) syndrome and infantile‐onset diabetes. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous frameshift variant in the PDIA6 gene. RNA expression was reduced in a gene dosage‐dependent manner, supporting a loss‐of‐function effect of this variant. Phenotypic correlation with the previously reported mouse model recapitulated the growth defect and delay, early lethality, coagulation, diabetes, immunological, and polycystic kidney disease phenotypes. The phenotype of the current patient is consistent with phenotypes associated with the disruption of PDIA6 and the sensors of UPR in mice and humans.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7186 EXOSC1 Zornitza Stark gene: EXOSC1 was added
gene: EXOSC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOSC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: EXOSC1 were set to 33463720
Phenotypes for gene: EXOSC1 were set to Pontocerebellar hypoplasia
Review for gene: EXOSC1 was set to RED
Added comment: An 8‐months‐old male with developmental delay, microcephaly, subtle dysmorphism, hypotonia, pontocerebellar hypoplasia and delayed myelination. Similarly affected elder sibling succumbed at the age of 4‐years 6‐months. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous missense variant (c.104C >T, p.Ser35Leu) in EXOSC1. In silico mutagenesis revealed loss of a polar contact with neighbouring Leu37 residue. Quantitative real‐time PCR indicated no appreciable differences in EXOSC1 transcript levels. Immunoblotting and blue native PAGE revealed reduction in the EXOSC1 protein levels and EXO9 complex in the proband, respectively. Of note, bi‐allelic variants in other exosome subunits EXOSC3, EXOSC8 and EXOSC9 have been reported to cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B, type 1C and type 1D, respectively.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7182 UBE4A Zornitza Stark gene: UBE4A was added
gene: UBE4A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: UBE4A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: UBE4A were set to 33420346
Phenotypes for gene: UBE4A were set to Intellectual disability and global developmental delay
Review for gene: UBE4A was set to GREEN
Added comment: 8 individuals, from 4 unrelated families, with syndromic intellectual disability and global developmental delay (other clinical features included hypotonia, short stature, seizures, and behaviour disorder. Exome sequencing identified biallelic loss-of-function variants in UBE4A in the 4 families, with variants segregating with disease and parents carriers. They demonstrated that UBE4A loss-of-function variants reduced RNA expression and protein levels in clinical samples. Mice generated to mimic patient-specific Ube4a loss-of-function variant exhibited muscular and neurological/behavioural abnormalities, some of which are suggestive of the clinical abnormalities seen in the affected individuals.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7180 MAPKAPK5 Zornitza Stark gene: MAPKAPK5 was added
gene: MAPKAPK5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MAPKAPK5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MAPKAPK5 were set to 3344202
Phenotypes for gene: MAPKAPK5 were set to Developmental delay, variable brain anomalies, congenital heart defects, dysmorphic
Review for gene: MAPKAPK5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 3 individuals from 2 families with severe developmental delay, variable brain anomalies, congenital heart defects, dysmorphic facial features, and a distinctive type of synpolydactyly with an additional hypoplastic digit between the fourth and fifth digits of hands and/or feet. Exome sequencing identified different homozygous truncating variants in MAPKAPK5 in both families, segregating with disease and unaffected parents as carriers.

Patient-derived cells showed no expression of MAPKAPK5 protein isoforms and reduced levels of the MAPKAPK5-interacting protein ERK3. F-actin recovery after latrunculin B treatment was found to be less efficient in patient-derived fibroblasts than in control cells, supporting a role of MAPKAPK5 in F-actin polymerization.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7177 FAR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FAR1 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7173 GRIA3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GRIA3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.7172 FAT1 Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: - 5 consanguineous families with homozygous frameshift mutations in FAN1
- FAN1 KO mice had microphthalmia, with fully penetrant coloboma which was not observed in heterozygous mice
- in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, FAN1 knockdown resulted in compromised early cell-cell junction integrity and filament organisation; to: - 5 consanguineous families with homozygous frameshift mutations in FAT1
- FAT1 KO mice had microphthalmia, with fully penetrant coloboma which was not observed in heterozygous mice
- in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, FAT1 knockdown resulted in compromised early cell-cell junction integrity and filament organisation
Mendeliome v0.7172 SLC17A5 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: SLC17A5.
Mendeliome v0.7170 SLC17A5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC17A5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7167 SGSH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SGSH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7164 SMPD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMPD1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7158 PPT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PPT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7155 NEU1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEU1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7151 NAGLU Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NAGLU was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7147 MIA3 Zornitza Stark gene: MIA3 was added
gene: MIA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MIA3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MIA3 were set to 32101163; 33778321
Phenotypes for gene: MIA3 were set to Ondontochondrodysplasia 2 with hearing loss and diabetes , MIM#619269
Review for gene: MIA3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Odontochondrodysplasia-2 with hearing loss and diabetes (ODCD2) is characterized by growth retardation with proportionate short stature, dentinogenesis imperfecta, sensorineural hearing loss, insulin-dependent diabetes, and mild intellectual disability.

Four affected siblings reported. Mouse model has absence of bone mineralization.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.7143 MCOLN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MCOLN1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7142 MCOLN1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: MCOLN1.
Mendeliome v0.7141 MANBA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MANBA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7139 MAN2B1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAN2B1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7136 LIPA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LIPA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7134 LAMP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMP2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.7130 IDS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IDS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7127 VWA1 Melanie Marty gene: VWA1 was added
gene: VWA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: VWA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: VWA1 were set to 33459760; 33693694; 33559681
Phenotypes for gene: VWA1 were set to Hereditary motor neuropathy
Review for gene: VWA1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Six different truncating variants identified in 15 affected individuals from six families (biallelic inheritance). Disease manifested in childhood or adulthood with proximal and distal muscle weakness predominantly of the lower limbs. Myopathological and neurophysiological findings were indicative of combined neurogenic and myopathic pathology. Early childhood foot deformity was frequent, but no sensory signs were observed.

An additional 17 individuals from 15 families with hereditary motor neuropathy were identified. A 10-bp repeat expansion at the end of exon 1 was observed in 14 families and was homozygous in 10 of them. This mutation, c.62_71dup [p.Gly25Argfs*74], leads to a frameshift that results in a reduction in VWA1 transcript levels via nonsense-mediated decay.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7121 TSPOAP1 Ain Roesley gene: TSPOAP1 was added
gene: TSPOAP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TSPOAP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TSPOAP1 were set to 33539324
Phenotypes for gene: TSPOAP1 were set to Dystonia, intellectual disability and cerebellar atrophy
Penetrance for gene: TSPOAP1 were set to unknown
Review for gene: TSPOAP1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 7 affecteds from 3 families (1 consanguineous)
2x null, 1x missense

Affecteds with the null variants presented with juvenile-onset progressive generalized dystonia, associated with intellectual disability and cerebellar atrophy while those with the missense p.(Gly1808Ser) presented with isolated adult-onset focal dystonia (mild cognitive impairment noted)

mice KO models were investigated
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7121 CLDN11 Melanie Marty gene: CLDN11 was added
gene: CLDN11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CLDN11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CLDN11 were set to 33313762
Phenotypes for gene: CLDN11 were set to Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy
Review for gene: CLDN11 was set to GREEN
Added comment: In three unrelated individuals with early-onset spastic movement disorder, expressive speech disorder and eye abnormalities including hypermetropia, 2 different heterozygous de novo stop-loss variants were identified. One of the variants did not lead to a loss of CLDN11 expression on RNA level in fibroblasts indicating this transcript is not subject to nonsense-mediated decay and most likely translated into an extended protein.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7121 SYK Paul De Fazio gene: SYK was added
gene: SYK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SYK was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: SYK were set to 33782605
Phenotypes for gene: SYK were set to Immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SYK was set to Other
Review for gene: SYK was set to GREEN
gene: SYK was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 5 unrelated patients with monoallelic missense variants in SYK with immune deficiency, multi-organ inflammatory disease such as colitis, arthritis and dermatitis, and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. 2 patients were confirmed de novo, others were undetermined. Variants exhibited a GoF effect in functional studies. A knock-in mouse model of a patient variant recapitulated aspects of the human disease.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7121 NCDN Ain Roesley gene: NCDN was added
gene: NCDN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NCDN was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NCDN were set to 33711248
Phenotypes for gene: NCDN were set to neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, and epilepsy
Penetrance for gene: NCDN were set to unknown
Review for gene: NCDN was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4x families all missense and de novo except for 1 consag family where 3 affecteds were homozygous and carrier parents unaffected

ID ranged from mild to severe
3/4 probands had seizures
only 3 affecteds had MRI done, with 1 delayed myelination

in vitro studies were done
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7119 SLC5A5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC5A5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7116 SLC45A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC45A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7113 MESP1 Zornitza Stark gene: MESP1 was added
gene: MESP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MESP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MESP1 were set to 28677747; 28050627; 27185833; 26694203
Phenotypes for gene: MESP1 were set to Congenital heart disease
Review for gene: MESP1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Rare/novel variants reported in at least 7 unrelated individuals with congenital heart disease, in-silicos conflicting, familial segregation only available for some (one de novo, three inherited, others unresolved). Functional data implicates gene in cardiac development.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.7110 HYAL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HYAL1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7104 HEXB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HEXB was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7101 GUSB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GUSB was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7098 GNS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GNS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7095 GNPTG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GNPTG was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7092 CHD7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHD7 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.7087 ALDH1A2 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDH1A2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7085 FBN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FBN2 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7082 MMP20 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: MMP20 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7080 NDUFB7 Bryony Thompson gene: NDUFB7 was added
gene: NDUFB7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFB7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NDUFB7 were set to 33502047; 27626371
Phenotypes for gene: NDUFB7 were set to Congenital lactic acidosis; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: NDUFB7 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single patient with a homozygous variant impacting RNA splicing (c.113-10C>G) with intrauterine growth restriction and anaemia, which displayed postpartum hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, encephalopathy, and a severe complex I defect with fatal outcome. Also, a supporting knockout cell line model demonstrating impaired complex I assembly.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7076 CDH11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDH11 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7075 CELA3B Bryony Thompson gene: CELA3B was added
gene: CELA3B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CELA3B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CELA3B were set to 31369399; 33565216
Phenotypes for gene: CELA3B were set to Chronic pancreatitis
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CELA3B was set to Other
Review for gene: CELA3B was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33565216 - p.Arg90Cys (c.268C>T) identified in a chronic pancreatitis (also diabetes and pancreatic adenocarcinoma present in some individuals) pedigree. Variant was present in 2 affected individuals and not present in 7 healthy relatives. Also, supporting in vitro functional assays demonstrating gain of function mechanism for R90C and R90L, and supporting mouse model.
PMID: 31369399 - p.Arg90Leu (c.269G>T) identified in 4 French chronic pancreatitis cases and 0 controls. However, there are 229 hets in gnomAD v2.1 with this variant.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7073 SLC10A1 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC10A1 was added
gene: SLC10A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC10A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC10A1 were set to 24867799; 27882152; 28835676; 29290974; 31201272
Phenotypes for gene: SLC10A1 were set to Familial hypercholanemia-2, MIM#619256
Review for gene: SLC10A1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: IEM characterised by persistently increased plasma levels of conjugated bile salts apparent from infancy. Most patients are asymptomatic and have no liver dysfunction, although some neonates may have transient jaundice or transiently elevated liver enzymes. These abnormalities improve with age. The bile acid defect can result in impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, including D and K, causing decreased bone mineral density or prolonged prothrobin time (PT). Some variants are recurrent (founder effect likely) but at least 3 different variants reported, mouse model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.7070 GALNS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GALNS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7067 GALC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GALC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7063 FUCA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FUCA1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7060 CTSD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CTSD was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7056 NMNAT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NMNAT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7053 NMNAT1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: NMNAT1.
Tag founder tag was added to gene: NMNAT1.
Mendeliome v0.7050 ZMPSTE24 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZMPSTE24 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7046 EDN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EDN1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7042 CLN5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLN5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7039 CLN3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLN3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7036 ARSB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARSB was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7033 AGA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AGA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7030 ATCAY Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATCAY was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7027 ARAP3 Zornitza Stark gene: ARAP3 was added
gene: ARAP3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARAP3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ARAP3 were set to 32908855
Phenotypes for gene: ARAP3 were set to Lymphoedema
Review for gene: ARAP3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Three unrelated families reported with rare missense variants in this gene as part of a lymphoedema cohort. However, incomplete information regarding segregation and no supporting functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7024 RORC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RORC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7021 IL17RC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL17RC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7019 IL17RA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL17RA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7015 CARD9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CARD9 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7012 CYP24A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP24A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.7007 ABCB7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCB7 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.7005 PORCN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PORCN was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.7004 PRIM1 Zornitza Stark Tag deep intronic tag was added to gene: PRIM1.
Tag founder tag was added to gene: PRIM1.
Mendeliome v0.7004 PRIM1 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant.
Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD).

Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinaemia, and lymphopaenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopaenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections.

Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype.
Sources: Literature; to: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant.
Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD).

Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinaemia, and lymphopaenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopaenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections.

Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7003 PRIM1 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant.
Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD).

Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinemia, and lymphopenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopaenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections.

Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype.
Sources: Literature; to: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant.
Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD).

Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinaemia, and lymphopaenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopaenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections.

Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7003 PRIM1 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant.
Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD).

Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinemia, and lymphopenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections.

Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype.
Sources: Literature; to: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant.
Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD).

Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinemia, and lymphopenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopaenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections.

Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.7003 PRIM1 Zornitza Stark gene: PRIM1 was added
gene: PRIM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRIM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PRIM1 were set to 33060134
Phenotypes for gene: PRIM1 were set to Microcephalic primordial dwarfism, MONDO:0017950
Review for gene: PRIM1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant.
Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD).

Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinemia, and lymphopenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections.

Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6996 CYBA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CYBA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6994 COPB2 Zornitza Stark gene: COPB2 was added
gene: COPB2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: COPB2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: COPB2 were set to 29036432
Phenotypes for gene: COPB2 were set to Microcephaly 19, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 617800
Review for gene: COPB2 was set to RED
Added comment: Two sibs with homozygous missense variant in this gene, mice homozygous for this variant had normal brain size however. Mice compound het for null allele and missense variant had some brain features, suggesting the missense variant is hypomorphic.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6991 WDR62 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR62 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6988 TRMT10A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRMT10A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6985 TRAIP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAIP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6981 TOP3A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TOP3A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6978 STIL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STIL was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6973 STAMBP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STAMBP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6970 PCNT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PCNT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6967 NHEJ1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NHEJ1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6964 NBN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NBN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6961 MSMO1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MSMO1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6958 MCPH1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MCPH1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6955 ATP1A3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP1A3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6951 LARP7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LARP7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6948 KNL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KNL1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6944 BAAT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BAAT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6941 KIF11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF11 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6938 IER3IP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IER3IP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6935 EFTUD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EFTUD2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6932 CEP152 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP152 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6929 GNPAT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GNPAT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6925 CD4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CD4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6922 TMEM231 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM231 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6919 TMEM216 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM216 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6916 TMEM138 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM138 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6913 TCTN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TCTN2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6910 TCTN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TCTN1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6907 SMCHD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SMCHD1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.6904 TXNL4A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TXNL4A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6903 TXNL4A Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: TXNL4A.
Tag 5'UTR tag was added to gene: TXNL4A.
Mendeliome v0.6901 SPINT2 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: SPINT2.
Mendeliome v0.6901 SPINT2 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 15 unrelated families reported.; to: Well established gene-disease association. PMID 30445423 reviews 34 patients from 26 families: 13 different variants in SPINT2 were seen, including 3 premature termination codons, 2 start codon removals, and 3 canonical splice site variants, supporting loss of function as the pathogenic mechanism. The most commonly observed variant was Y163C, observed in 40 (59%) of 68 disease alleles. Seven unrelated patients with the Y163C mutation had a shared haplotype, suggesting that it is a founder mutation. Choanal atresia (20/34) and keratitis of infantile onset (26/34) were the most common findings. All patients presented with intractable diarrhoea, with onset typically in the first 2 weeks of life. Episodes of intestinal pseudoobstruction sometimes preceded the onset of diarrhoea. Characteristic epithelial tufts on intestinal histology were seen in 13 of the 34 patients.
Mendeliome v0.6899 FOXE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXE1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6895 ANO3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ANO3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6893 IPO8 Zornitza Stark gene: IPO8 was added
gene: IPO8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: IPO8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: IPO8 were set to Loeys-Dietz syndrome-like; cardiovascular, neurologic, skeletal and immunologic abnormalities
Review for gene: IPO8 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 12 individuals from 9 unrelated families in a cohort submitted for publication with bi-allelic IPO8 variants. Variants were nonsense/splice and some missense. Patients displayed a phenotype reminiscent of Loeys Dietz syndrome that variably combined cardiovascular, neurologic, skeletal and immunologic abnormalities along with dysmorphic features. Western blot on patient cells (4 individuals) showed reduced IPO8 expression. Disruption of IPO8 homologue in zebrafish associated with cardiac anomalies. Transcriptome analysis in zebrafish showed that IPO8-deficient zebrafish had abnormal TGFbeta pathway expression.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6889 FAM20C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM20C was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6886 POLR3A Zornitza Stark Tag deep intronic tag was added to gene: POLR3A.
Mendeliome v0.6884 ANKS6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKS6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6879 CLDN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLDN2 was changed from Other to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6876 HSF2BP Zornitza Stark gene: HSF2BP was added
gene: HSF2BP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: HSF2BP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HSF2BP were set to 32845237
Phenotypes for gene: HSF2BP were set to Premature ovarian failure, OMIM#619245
Review for gene: HSF2BP was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported where homozygous missense variant segregated with POF in three sisters.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6873 COL4A6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL4A6 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.6868 MED12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MED12 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.6865 BMPR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: BMPR2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.6864 BMPR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BMPR2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6861 ZNF711 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF711 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.6858 SLC35A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC35A2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.6857 SLC35A2 Zornitza Stark Tag somatic tag was added to gene: SLC35A2.
Mendeliome v0.6857 MEF2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MEF2A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6852 FN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FN1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6851 IL37 Zornitza Stark gene: IL37 was added
gene: IL37 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: IL37 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: IL37 were set to 33674380
Phenotypes for gene: IL37 were set to Infantile inflammatory bowel disease
Review for gene: IL37 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported with homozygous truncating variant this gene and infantile-onset of IBD, some functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6848 CHRDL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHRDL1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.6846 HDL2 Bryony Thompson STR: HDL2 was added
STR: HDL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: HDL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: HDL2 were set to 20301701
Phenotypes for STR: HDL2 were set to Huntington disease-like 2 MIM#606438
Review for STR: HDL2 was set to GREEN
STR: HDL2 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_001271604.2:c.431CTG[X] or NM_020655.4:c.382+760CTG[X]
In an alternatively spliced exon, the repeat can be transcribed in both directions, leading to CUG (more common) or CAG (less common) repeat-containing transcripts. While a dominant RNA toxic effect may occur, the repeat expansion also reduces levels of the Junctophilin-3 protein
Normal: ≤28 repeats
Questionable significance: 29-39 repeats, mutable normal or reduced penetrance included
Full penetrance: ≥40 repeats
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6843 DM2 Bryony Thompson STR: DM2 was added
STR: DM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: DM2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: DM2 were set to 20301639; 29325606
Phenotypes for STR: DM2 were set to Myotonic dystrophy 2 MIM#602668
Review for STR: DM2 was set to GREEN
STR: DM2 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: HGVS nomenclature: NM_003418.4:c.-14-833_-14-830[X]
Toxic gain of function RNA expected mechanism of disease
Normal: ≤30 uninterrupted CCTG repeats, 11-26 CCTG repeats with any GCTC or TCTG interruptions
Unknown significance (normal vs. mutable): 27-29 CCTG repeats
Mutable normal (premutation) alleles. ~30-~54 CCTG repeats
Unknown significance (premutation vs pathogenic): ~55-74 CCTG repeats
Pathogenic: ~75-11,000 CCTG repeats
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6840 DM1 Bryony Thompson STR: DM1 was added
STR: DM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: DM1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: DM1 were set to 20301344; 29325606
Phenotypes for STR: DM1 were set to Myotonic dystrophy 1 MIM#160900
Review for STR: DM1 was set to GREEN
STR: DM1 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: HGVS nomenclature: NM_001081560.2:c.*224_*226CTG[X]
RNA toxic gain of function is mechanism of disease
Premutation: 35-49 repeats, no clinical signs
Mild: 50-~150 repeats, age of onset 20-70 yrs, clinical signs - cataracts, mild myotonia
Classic: ~100-~1,000 repeats, age of onset 10-30 yrs, clinical signs - weakness, myotonia, cataracts, balding, cardiac arrhythmia
Congenital: >1,000 repeats, age of onset birth-10 yrs , clinical signs - infantile hypotonia, respiratory deficits, intellectual disability, classic signs in adults
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6837 SCA17 Bryony Thompson STR: SCA17 was added
STR: SCA17 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA17 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: SCA17 were set to 20301611; 29325606
Phenotypes for STR: SCA17 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 17 MIM#607136
Review for STR: SCA17 was set to GREEN
STR: SCA17 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_003194.4:c.172_174[X]
Mechanism of disease expected to be gain of function
Normal: ≤ 40 CAG/CAA repeats
Reduced-penetrance: 41-48 CAG/CAA repeats, individual may or may not develop symptoms.
Full-penetrance: ≥49 CAG/CAA repeats
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6834 SCA12 Bryony Thompson STR: SCA12 was added
STR: SCA12 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA12 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: SCA12 were set to 29325606; 20301381
Phenotypes for STR: SCA12 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 12 MIM#604326
Review for STR: SCA12 was set to GREEN
STR: SCA12 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_181675.3:c.27CAG[X]
Uncertain if CAG repeat encodes polyglutamine or instead effects expression of specific splice variants of the encoded phosphatase
Normal: ≤32 repeats
Reduced penetrance: ~40-66 repeats
Full penetrance: ≥66 repeats
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6831 SCA36 Bryony Thompson STR: SCA36 was added
STR: SCA36 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA36 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: SCA36 were set to 25101480
Phenotypes for STR: SCA36 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 36 MIM#614153
Review for STR: SCA36 was set to GREEN
STR: SCA36 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_006392​.3:c.3+71GGCCTG[X]
Toxic RNA effect is suggested mechanism of disease
Normal: 3-14 repeats
Uncertain significance: 15-650 repeats
Pathogenic: ≥650 repeats
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6828 SCA37 Bryony Thompson STR: SCA37 was added
STR: SCA37 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA37 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: SCA37 were set to 28686858; 31145571
Phenotypes for STR: SCA37 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 37 MIM#615945
Review for STR: SCA37 was set to GREEN
STR: SCA37 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NC_000001.10:g.57832716_57832797ins[(ATTTT)60-79(ATTTC)31-75(ATTTT)58-90]
Located in a 5'UTR intron, flanked by (ATTTT)n on both sides
Non-pathogenic allele: (ATTTT)7–400
Pathogenic allele: [(ATTTT)60–79(ATTTC)31–75(ATTTT)58–90]
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6825 SCA31 Bryony Thompson STR: SCA31 was added
STR: SCA31 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA31 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: SCA31 were set to 19878914; 31755042
Phenotypes for STR: SCA31 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 31 MIM#117210
Review for STR: SCA31 was set to GREEN
STR: SCA31 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: Complex repeat insertion (TGGAA)n, (TAGAA)n, (TAAAA)n, (TAAAATAGAA)n, TGGAA is present only in affected cases. Sequencing showed that the insertion consisted of a preceding TCAC sequence, and 3 pentanucleotide repeat components (TGGAA)n, (TAGAA)n, and (TAAAA)n in all patients tested.
2.5-3.8 KB insertion is associated with disease and RNA toxicity expected to be mechanism of disease
Normal and pathogenic cut-offs are based on animal model experiments (PMID: 31755042)
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6822 SCA7 Bryony Thompson STR: SCA7 was added
STR: SCA7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: SCA7 were set to 29325606; 20301433
Phenotypes for STR: SCA7 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 7 MIM#164500
Review for STR: SCA7 was set to GREEN
STR: SCA7 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_000333​.3:c.89_91AGC[X]
Gain of function mechanism of disease
Normal: ≤27 repeats
Mutable normal: 28-33 repeats, meiotically unstable, but not associated with an abnormal phenotype.
Pathogenic reduced penetrance: 34-36 repeats, when manifestations occur, they are more likely to be later onset and milder than average
Pathogenic full penetrance: 37-460 repeats
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6819 SCA3 Bryony Thompson STR: SCA3 was added
STR: SCA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: SCA3 were set to 20301375; 29325606
Phenotypes for STR: SCA3 were set to Machado-Joseph disease MIM#109150; Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Review for STR: SCA3 was set to GREEN
STR: SCA3 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_004993​.5:c.886_888CAG[X]
Toxic aggregation and mislocalization in neurons is mechanism of disease
Normal: ≤44 repeats, mostly <31 repeats
Intermediate: 45-59 repeats, some intermediate alleles are not associated with classic clinical features of SCA3
Pathogenic (full penetrance): ≥60 repeats
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6816 SCA2 Bryony Thompson STR: SCA2 was added
STR: SCA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: SCA2 were set to 29325606; 20301452
Phenotypes for STR: SCA2 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 2 MIM#183090
Review for STR: SCA2 was set to GREEN
STR: SCA2 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_002973​.3:c.496_498CAG[X]
Toxic protein aggregation is mechanism of disease
Benign: ≤31 repeats (homozygous 31/31 repeats reported for recessive SCA2)
Uncertain: 32 repeats
ALS risk allele: 30-32 repeats
Reduced penetrance: 33-34 repeats, may not develop symptoms or only very late in life
Full penetrance: ≥35 repeats
Interruption of a CAG expanded allele by a CAA repeat does not mitigate the pathogenicity of the repeat size, but may enhance the meiotic stability of the repeat
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6813 SCA10 Bryony Thompson STR: SCA10 was added
STR: SCA10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA10 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: SCA10 were set to 20301354
Phenotypes for STR: SCA10 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 10 MIM#603516
Review for STR: SCA10 was set to GREEN
STR: SCA10 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_013236​.2:c.1430+54822ATTCT[X]
Toxic RNA gain-of-function mechanism of disease
Normal alleles: 10-32 ATTCT repeats
Alleles of questionable significance: 33-280 ATTCT repeats
Reduced-penetrance alleles: 33-850 repeats
Full-penetrance alleles: 800-4,500 ATTCT repeats
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6810 INPP4A Zornitza Stark gene: INPP4A was added
gene: INPP4A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: INPP4A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: INPP4A were set to 31978615; 31938306; 25338135; 20011524
Phenotypes for gene: INPP4A were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: INPP4A was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two families reported with bi-allelic variants and a neurological phenotype. Supportive mouse model and expression data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6808 SATB1 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SATB1: Added comment: Kohlschutter-Tonz syndrome-like (KTZSL) is characterized by global developmental delay with moderately to severely impaired intellectual development, poor or absent speech, and delayed motor skills. Although the severity of the disorder varies, many patients are nonverbal and have hypotonia with inability to sit or walk. Early-onset epilepsy is common and may be refractory to treatment, leading to epileptic encephalopathy and further interruption of developmental progress. Most patients have feeding difficulties with poor overall growth and dysmorphic facial features, as well as significant dental anomalies resembling amelogenesis imperfecta. This phenotype was reported in 28 patients (patients 13 to 40, PMID 33513338), including 9 patients from 3 families. Most variants were de novo, though some were inherited, suggestive of incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity.; Changed phenotypes: Developmental delay with dysmorphic facies and dental anomalies, MIM# 619228, Kohlschutter-Tonz syndrome-like, MIM# 619229
Mendeliome v0.6806 SATB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SATB1 was changed from None to Other
Mendeliome v0.6803 MKS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MKS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6801 FLII Zornitza Stark gene: FLII was added
gene: FLII was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FLII was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FLII were set to 32870709
Phenotypes for gene: FLII were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: FLII was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with homozygous missense variants. Emerging evidence.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6799 RHBDF1 Zornitza Stark gene: RHBDF1 was added
gene: RHBDF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RHBDF1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RHBDF1 were set to 32870709
Phenotypes for gene: RHBDF1 were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: RHBDF1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Three families reported with homozygous variants in this gene and onset of DCM in infancy/childhood. Two of the families had the same truncating variant, indicative of founder effect, and one family had a homozygous missense variant.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6797 MYLK3 Zornitza Stark gene: MYLK3 was added
gene: MYLK3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MYLK3 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MYLK3 were set to 29235529; 31244672; 32213617; 32870709
Phenotypes for gene: MYLK3 were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: MYLK3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two families reported with mono-allelic variants (one extension, one frameshift), and three consanguineous families reported with bi-allelic variants (two hmz frameshift, one hmz missense). Supportive mouse models.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6795 NRAP Zornitza Stark gene: NRAP was added
gene: NRAP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NRAP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NRAP were set to 33534821; 30384889; 28611399; 32870709
Phenotypes for gene: NRAP were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: NRAP was set to GREEN
Added comment: Twenty unrelated families reported with childhood onset DCM.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6793 MPEG1 Zornitza Stark gene: MPEG1 was added
gene: MPEG1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MPEG1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MPEG1 were set to 33224153; 33692780; 28422754
Phenotypes for gene: MPEG1 were set to Immunodeficiency 77, MIM# 619223
Review for gene: MPEG1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Immunodeficiency-77 (IMD77) is an immunologic disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent polymicrobial infections with multiple unusual organisms. Skin and pulmonary infections are the most common, consistent with increased susceptibility to epithelial cell infections. The age at onset is highly variable: some patients have recurrent infections from childhood, whereas others present in late adulthood. The limited number of reported patients are all female, suggesting incomplete penetrance or a possible sex-influenced trait. Patient cells, mainly macrophages, show impaired killing of intracellular bacteria and organisms, including nontubercular mycobacteria, although there is also impaired killing of other organisms, such as Pseudomonas, Candida, and Aspergillus.

Four individuals reported, functional data, including animal model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6789 INPP5E Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: INPP5E was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6786 CSPP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CSPP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6783 CEP41 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP41 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6781 SCA1 Bryony Thompson STR: SCA1 was added
STR: SCA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: SCA1 were set to 29325606; 20301363
Phenotypes for STR: SCA1 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 1 MIM#164400
STR: SCA1 was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: NM_000332.3:c.589_591CAG[X]
Toxic protein aggregation is mechanism of disease
Normal: ≤35 CAG repeats or 36-44 CAG repeats with CAT interruptions
Mutable normal (intermediate): 36-38 CAG repeats without CAT interruptions
Full-penetrance: ≥39 CAG repeats without CAT interruptions or ≥46 uninterrupted CAG repeats with CAT interruptions and additional CAGs
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6777 PSENEN Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: PSENEN was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6773 ESCO2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ESCO2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6769 ALDH1L2 Naomi Baker gene: ALDH1L2 was added
gene: ALDH1L2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDH1L2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ALDH1L2 were set to PMID: 31341639; 33168096
Phenotypes for gene: ALDH1L2 were set to pruritic ichthyosis, severe diffuse hypomyelination seen on MRI, and abnormal lipid peaks
Review for gene: ALDH1L2 was set to RED
Added comment: Individual reported with bialleleic ALDH1L2 variants (non-canonical splice and a frameshift mutation), who also has a de novo hemizygous RPS6KA3 frameshift mutation. Authors state that not all features of the individual could be explained by the RPS6KA3 variant, and that consideration of Coffin-Lowry sysndrome was only made after identification of the RPS6KA3 variant. Therefore individual has there is a blended phenotype of Coffin–Lowry syndrome and Sjögren–Larsson syndrome. From functional studies authors propose that the ALDH1L2 loss induces mitochondrial dysfunction due to reduced NADPH and increased oxidative stress (PMID: 31341639). Knockout mouse model was viable and did not show an apparent phenotype, however metabolomic analysis showed vastly changed metabotypes in the liver and plasma in these mice suggesting channeling of fatty acids away from β-oxidation. Authors therefore postulate that the role of ALDH1L2 in the lipid metabolism explains why the loss of this enzyme is associated with neuro-cutaneous disease.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6769 FAM57B Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: FAM57B.
Mendeliome v0.6768 FAM57B Zornitza Stark gene: FAM57B was added
gene: FAM57B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM57B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FAM57B were set to 33077892
Phenotypes for gene: FAM57B were set to Cone–rod dystrophy; Maculopathy
Review for gene: FAM57B was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 patients with cone-rod dystrophy or maculopathy from 3 families, with LOF pathogenic variants in TLCD3B (ceramide synthase gene). Ceramide is a proapoptotic lipid as high levels of ceramides can lead to apoptosis of neuronal cells, including photoreceptors. Variants segregated with disease. TLCD3B showed high expression in the adult retina with higher expression in the macular than in the peripheral region. Tlcd3bKO/KO mice exhibited a significant reduction of the cone photoreceptor light responses, thinning of the outer nuclear layer, and loss of cone photoreceptors across the retina.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6763 TAOK2 Bryony Thompson gene: TAOK2 was added
gene: TAOK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TAOK2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TAOK2 were set to 28385331; 29467497
Phenotypes for gene: TAOK2 were set to Generalized verrucosis; abnormal T cell activation
Review for gene: TAOK2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 28385331 - A single consanguineous family with generalized verrucosis and abnormal T cell activation, and a homozygous missense (p.R700C), with some assays on patient fibroblasts.
PMID: 29467497 - One of the several genes in the 16p11.2 microdeletion region associated with autism. Taok2 heterozygous and knockout mice had gene dosage-dependent impairments in cognition, anxiety, social interaction, brain size, and neural connectivity. 3 de novo variants and 3 predicted loss of function variants identified in 6 unrelated autism cases. 2 of the de novo variants have supporting functional assays, but 1 of them co-occurs in an individual with a CHD8 frameshift. 1 of the predicted loss of function variants was also identified in the unaffected father and sibling.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6760 CC2D2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CC2D2A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6756 INVS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: INVS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6754 ZCCHC8 Bryony Thompson gene: ZCCHC8 was added
gene: ZCCHC8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZCCHC8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ZCCHC8 were set to 31488579
Phenotypes for gene: ZCCHC8 were set to Pulmonary fibrosis
Review for gene: ZCCHC8 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A missense variant (P186L) segregates over 3 generations in a single family, and supporting in vitro assays and mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6751 KDM5B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM5B was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6748 TPP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TPP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6744 DOCK7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DOCK7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6742 UBAP1 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PMID 31696996: Five unrelated families reported with childhood-onset HSP. A recurrent two‐base pair deletion (c.426_427delGA, p.K143Sfs*15) in the UBAP1 gene was found in four families, and a similar variant (c.475_476delTT, p.F159*) was detected in a fifth family. The variant was confirmed to be de novo in two families and inherited from an affected parent in two other families. RNA studies performed in lymphocytes from one patient with the de novo c.426_427delGA variant demonstrated escape of nonsense‐mediated decay of the UBAP1 mutant transcript, suggesting the generation of a truncated protein. Both variants identified are predicted to result in truncated proteins losing the capacity of binding to ubiquitinated proteins, hence appearing to exhibit a dominant‐negative effect on the normal function of the endosome‐specific endosomal sorting complexes required for the transport‐I complex.; to: PMID 31696996: Five unrelated families reported with childhood-onset HSP. A recurrent two‐base pair deletion (c.426_427delGA, p.K143Sfs*15) in the UBAP1 gene was found in four families, and a similar variant (c.475_476delTT, p.F159*) was detected in a fifth family. The variant was confirmed to be de novo in two families and inherited from an affected parent in two other families. RNA studies performed in lymphocytes from one patient with the de novo c.426_427delGA variant demonstrated escape of nonsense‐mediated decay of the UBAP1 mutant transcript, suggesting the generation of a truncated protein. Both variants identified are predicted to result in truncated proteins losing the capacity of binding to ubiquitinated proteins, hence appearing to exhibit a dominant‐negative effect on the normal function of the endosome‐specific endosomal sorting complexes required for the transport‐I complex.

PMID 32934340: additional 7 families. Median age of onset 10yrs.
Mendeliome v0.6740 RTN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RTN2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6737 NIPA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NIPA1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6734 DDHD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DDHD1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6727 AP5Z1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AP5Z1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6725 COPB1 Zornitza Stark gene: COPB1 was added
gene: COPB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: COPB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: COPB1 were set to 33632302
Phenotypes for gene: COPB1 were set to Severe intellectual disability; variable microcephaly; cataracts
Review for gene: COPB1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families, some supportive functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6721 SLC1A4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC1A4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6720 SLC1A4 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: SLC1A4.
Mendeliome v0.6719 TFG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TFG was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6716 WDR45B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR45B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6713 REEP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: REEP2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6710 NT5C2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NT5C2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6707 HACE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HACE1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6704 NKX6-2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NKX6-2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6701 ARPC1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARPC1B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6697 KDM5C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM5C was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.6694 ENTPD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ENTPD1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6691 C12orf65 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: C12orf65 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6690 C12orf65 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: C12orf65.
Mendeliome v0.6688 C19orf12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: C19orf12 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6685 CYP2U1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP2U1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6684 IFRD1 Zornitza Stark gene: IFRD1 was added
gene: IFRD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: IFRD1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: IFRD1 were set to 29362493
Phenotypes for gene: IFRD1 were set to Hereditary spastic paraplegia; peripheral neuropathy; ataxia
Review for gene: IFRD1 was set to RED
Added comment: A variant segregated with slowly progressing gait ataxia, pyramidal tract signs and peripheral neuropathy in three siblings from a single Chinese family. No functional analyses of the variant has been conducted. The variant (c.514 A>G, p.I172V) is too common (0.3%) for a dominant condition in the African population in gnomAD.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6684 IFRD1 Zornitza Stark gene: IFRD1 was added
gene: IFRD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: IFRD1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: IFRD1 were set to 29362493
Phenotypes for gene: IFRD1 were set to Hereditary spastic paraplegia; peripheral neuropathy; ataxia
Review for gene: IFRD1 was set to RED
Added comment: A variant segregated with slowly progressing gait ataxia, pyramidal tract signs and peripheral neuropathy in three siblings from a single Chinese family. No functional analyses of the variant has been conducted. The variant (c.514 A>G, p.I172V) is too common (0.3%) for a dominant condition in the African population in gnomAD.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6683 KLC4 Zornitza Stark gene: KLC4 was added
gene: KLC4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLC4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KLC4 were set to 26423925
Phenotypes for gene: KLC4 were set to Complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia
Review for gene: KLC4 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6680 AP4M1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AP4M1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6677 ADAMTS13 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAMTS13 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6674 AP4S1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AP4S1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6671 AIMP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AIMP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6669 UBA1 Zornitza Stark Tag somatic tag was added to gene: UBA1.
Mendeliome v0.6665 CC2D1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CC2D1A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6662 ZAP70 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: ZAP70 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.6661 ZAP70 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZAP70 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6658 CST3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CST3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6656 CST3 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: CST3.
Mendeliome v0.6654 NR3C1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NR3C1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6647 CDT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6646 DYRK1A Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: DYRK1A.
Mendeliome v0.6644 CDK5RAP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDK5RAP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6637 DONSON Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DONSON was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6631 PGK1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PGK1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.6628 PGM1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PGM1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6627 PHKA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PHKA1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.6624 PHKA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PHKA1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6621 PHKB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PHKB was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6618 PHKG2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PHKG2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6615 PYGL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PYGL was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6612 NHLRC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NHLRC1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6611 LDHA Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: LDHA.
Mendeliome v0.6609 LDHA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LDHA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6606 RPL18 Zornitza Stark gene: RPL18 was added
gene: RPL18 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL18 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RPL18 were set to 28280134; 32075953
Phenotypes for gene: RPL18 were set to Diamond-Blackfan anemia 18, MIM# 618310
Review for gene: RPL18 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One family and a zebrafish model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6605 RPS15A Zornitza Stark gene: RPS15A was added
gene: RPS15A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS15A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RPS15A were set to 27909223
Phenotypes for gene: RPS15A were set to Diamond-Blackfan anemia 20, MIM# 618313
Review for gene: RPS15A was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6604 RPL35 Zornitza Stark gene: RPL35 was added
gene: RPL35 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL35 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RPL35 were set to 28280134
Phenotypes for gene: RPL35 were set to Diamond-Blackfan anemia 19, MIM# 618312
Review for gene: RPL35 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6601 RPS7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS7 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6598 RPS26 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS26 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6595 RPS24 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS24 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6591 RPS19 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS19 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6589 SIAH1 Arina Puzriakova gene: SIAH1 was added
gene: SIAH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SIAH1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: SIAH1 were set to 32430360
Phenotypes for gene: SIAH1 were set to Developmental delay; Infantile hypotonia; Dysmorphic features; Laryngomalacia
Review for gene: SIAH1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: - PMID: 32430360 (2021) - Five unrelated individuals with shared features of developmental delay, infantile hypotonia, dysmorphic features and laryngomalacia. All had speech delay and where cognitive assessment was age appropriate individuals exhibited learning difficulties. Trio WES revealed distinct de novo variants in SIAH1. In vitro assays demonstrated that SIAH1 mutants induce loss of Wnt stimulatory activity.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6586 RPL5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL5 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6585 RPL35A Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: RPL35A.
Mendeliome v0.6583 RPL35A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL35A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6582 SYCP2L Arina Puzriakova gene: SYCP2L was added
gene: SYCP2L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SYCP2L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SYCP2L were set to 32303603
Phenotypes for gene: SYCP2L were set to Premature ovarian insufficiency
Review for gene: SYCP2L was set to AMBER
Added comment: - PMID: 32303603 (2021) - Two unrelated individuals with premature ovarian insufficiency and homozygous variants (c.150_151del (p.Ser52Profs*7), c.999A>G (p.Ile333Met)) in SYCP2L.
In vitro assays revealed that mutant SYCP2L proteins induced mislocalisation and reduced expression. Sycp2l knockout mice exhibit accelerated reproductive ageing.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6580 RPL27 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL27 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6576 RPL11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL11 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6575 PSAP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PSAP was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6570 CLCN4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCN4 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.6567 EN1 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Three unrelated families reported (though two shown to be related by descent) with predominantly a skeletal phenotype comprising mesomelic shortening and deformation of the lower limbs due to severe hypoplasia of the tibia and fibula. This was accompanied by abnormalities of the digits of the hands and feet, with cutaneous and osseous syndactyly as well as dysplastic, missing, and/or volar nails. In addition, genitourinary anomalies were observed in some. Homozygous deletions identified in all, with the minimal deleted region being a 27-kb interval (chr2: 118,561,492-118,589,320) located approximately 300 kb upstream of the EN1 gene. Mouse model recapitulated the phenotype.
Sources: Literature; to: Three unrelated families reported (though two shown to be related by descent) with predominantly a skeletal phenotype comprising mesomelic shortening and deformation of the lower limbs due to severe hypoplasia of the tibia and fibula. This was accompanied by abnormalities of the digits of the hands and feet, with cutaneous and osseous syndactyly as well as dysplastic, missing, and/or volar nails. In addition, genitourinary anomalies were observed in some. Homozygous deletions identified in all, with the minimal deleted region being a 27-kb interval (chr2: 118,561,492-118,589,320) located approximately 300 kb upstream of the EN1 gene. Mouse model recapitulated the phenotype.

An additional fourth individual had cerebellar hypoplasia in addition to the skeletal phenotype, and a bi-allelic LoF variant.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6567 EN1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: EN1.
Tag 5'UTR tag was added to gene: EN1.
Mendeliome v0.6566 EN1 Zornitza Stark gene: EN1 was added
gene: EN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: EN1 were set to 33568816
Phenotypes for gene: EN1 were set to ENDOVE syndrome, limb-only type, MIM# 619217
Review for gene: EN1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families reported (though two shown to be related by descent) with predominantly a skeletal phenotype comprising mesomelic shortening and deformation of the lower limbs due to severe hypoplasia of the tibia and fibula. This was accompanied by abnormalities of the digits of the hands and feet, with cutaneous and osseous syndactyly as well as dysplastic, missing, and/or volar nails. In addition, genitourinary anomalies were observed in some. Homozygous deletions identified in all, with the minimal deleted region being a 27-kb interval (chr2: 118,561,492-118,589,320) located approximately 300 kb upstream of the EN1 gene. Mouse model recapitulated the phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6557 MKRN3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MKRN3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6556 MKRN3 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: MKRN3.
Tag 5'UTR tag was added to gene: MKRN3.
Mendeliome v0.6556 ACSL5 Zornitza Stark gene: ACSL5 was added
gene: ACSL5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ACSL5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ACSL5 were set to 33191500
Phenotypes for gene: ACSL5 were set to severe FTT (no OMIM #)
Review for gene: ACSL5 was set to RED
Added comment: 6 individuals of a large consanguineous family presented in the neonatal period with recurrent vomiting and diarrhea, leading to severe FTT. Autozygosity mapping and WES identified homozygous variant (c.1358C>A:p.(Thr453Lys) in ACSL5. Segregated with affected individuals. Functional in vitro analysis of the ACSL5 variant by immunofluorescence, western blotting and enzyme assay suggested that Thr453Lys is a loss‐of‐function mutation without any remaining activity. Affected individuals were treated with total parenteral nutrition or medium‐chain triglyceride‐based formula restricted in long‐chain triglycerides. They responded well and follow up suggests that treatment is only required during early life.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6553 GDF5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GDF5 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6550 KIDINS220 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIDINS220 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6545 MYO3A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYO3A was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6542 COL9A3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL9A3 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6540 DLK1 Zornitza Stark gene: DLK1 was added
gene: DLK1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: DLK1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, maternally imprinted (paternal allele expressed)
Publications for gene: DLK1 were set to 28324015; 30462238
Phenotypes for gene: DLK1 were set to central precocious puberty
Review for gene: DLK1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 30462238 "three frameshift mutations of DLK1 (p.Gly199Alafs*11, p.Val271Cysfs*14, and p.Pro160Leufs*50) in five women from three families with CPP. Segregation analysis was consistent with the maternal imprinting of DLK1". PMID: 28324015 single large family, only affected females, central precocious puberty all carrying paternally inherited LOF variant (del/dup of 5'UTR and exon 1) absent DLK1 expression in all affected. Unclear if males affected as none reported to date.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6538 EIF5A Zornitza Stark gene: EIF5A was added
gene: EIF5A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF5A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: EIF5A were set to 33547280
Phenotypes for gene: EIF5A were set to Intellectual disability; microcephaly; dysmorphism
Review for gene: EIF5A was set to GREEN
Added comment: 7 unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene and variable combinations of developmental delay, microcephaly, micrognathia and dysmorphism.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6536 POLRMT Zornitza Stark gene: POLRMT was added
gene: POLRMT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: POLRMT was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: POLRMT were set to 33602924
Phenotypes for gene: POLRMT were set to Mitochondrial disorder; intellectual disability; hypotonia
Review for gene: POLRMT was set to GREEN
Added comment: 8 individuals from 7 families reported. 5 families with bi-allelic variants and 2 with heterozygous variants. Affected individuals presented with global developmental delay, hypotonia, short stature, and speech/intellectual disability in childhood; one subject displayed an indolent progressive external ophthalmoplegia phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6533 PERP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PERP was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6528 KARS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KARS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6526 APOO Arina Puzriakova gene: APOO was added
gene: APOO was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: APOO was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Publications for gene: APOO were set to 32439808
Phenotypes for gene: APOO were set to Developmental delay; Lactic acidosis; Muscle weakness; Hypotonia; Repetitive infections; Cognitive impairment; Autistic behaviour
Review for gene: APOO was set to RED
Added comment: - PMID: 32439808 (2021) - Three generation family with c.350T>C variant in APOO, encoding a component of the MICOS complex which plays a role in maintaining inner mitochondrial membrane architecture.
Phenotypes include fatigue and muscle weakness (6/8), learning difficulties and cognitive impairment (4/8), and increased blood lactate (2/8). Four individuals were asymptomatic carriers, including one male (authors indicate variability in female carriers was due to skewed X-inactivation, although skewing studies were inconclusive in some cases). Variability in clinical presentation suggests reduced penetrance or possible contribution of additional factors.
Functional studies showed altered MICOS assembly and abnormalities in mitochondria ultrastructure in patient-derived fibroblasts. Knockdown studies in Drosophila and yeast demonstrated mitochondrial structural and functional deficiencies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6526 AMH Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: AMH.
Mendeliome v0.6524 ECE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ECE1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6520 AMH Seb Lunke Mode of inheritance for gene: AMH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6517 PAX4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PAX4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6514 PCBD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PCBD1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6511 SPTAN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTAN1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6506 NLRP3 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: NLRP3 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.6503 IRF4 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: IRF4 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6501 PCBD1 Michelle Torres edited their review of gene: PCBD1: Added comment: PMID: 24848070: one consanguineous family with early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes. The individual with early onset is biallelic, and 3 other carriers had later onset diabetes. In addition, 3 other patients with mild neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia with features similar to dominantly inherited HNF1A-diabetes.

PMID: 24204001: 2 out 3 patients with hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting associated to biallelic PCBD1 variants developed MODY; Changed phenotypes: MODY, Hyperphenylalaninemia, BH4-deficient, D 264070
Mendeliome v0.6500 SPTAN1 Alison Yeung Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTAN1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Mendeliome v0.6498 PSAP Seb Lunke Mode of inheritance for gene: PSAP was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6494 SPTAN1 Melanie Marty changed review comment from: 13 affected individuals from 4 families reported (nonsense variants) with AD distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Variable penetrance was noted and phenotype severity differs greatly between patients; to: 13 affected individuals from 4 families reported (nonsense variants) with AD distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Variable penetrance was noted and phenotype severity differs greatly between patients. Functional studies show NMD and reduced protein levels in patient cells.
Mendeliome v0.6494 PCBD1 Michelle Torres changed review comment from: PMID: 24848070: one consanguineous family with early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes. The individual with early onset is biallelic, and 3 other carriers had later onset diabetes. In addition, 3 other patients with mild neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia with features similar to dominantly inherited HNF1A-diabetes.

PMID: 24204001: 2 out 3 patients with hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting associated to biallelic PCBD1 variants developed MODY; to: PMID: 24848070: one consanguineous family with early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes. The individual with early onset is biallelic, and 3 other carriers had later onset diabetes. In addition, 3 other patients with mild neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia with features similar to dominantly inherited HNF1A-diabetes.

PMID: 24204001: 2 out 3 patients with hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting associated to biallelic PCBD1 variants developed MODY
Mendeliome v0.6490 PCBD1 Michelle Torres changed review comment from: PMID: 24848070: one consanguineous family with early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes with features similar to dominantly inherited HNF1A-diabetes. The individual with early onset is biallelic, and 3 other carriers had later onset diabetes.

PMID: 24204001: 2 out 3 patients with hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting associated to biallelic PCBD1 variants developed MODY; to: PMID: 24848070: one consanguineous family with early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes. The individual with early onset is biallelic, and 3 other carriers had later onset diabetes. In addition, 3 other patients with mild neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia with features similar to dominantly inherited HNF1A-diabetes.

PMID: 24204001: 2 out 3 patients with hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting associated to biallelic PCBD1 variants developed MODY
Mendeliome v0.6490 EPAS1 Seb Lunke Mode of pathogenicity for gene: EPAS1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.6489 NLRP3 Alison Yeung Mode of inheritance for gene: NLRP3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Mendeliome v0.6488 EPAS1 Seb Lunke Mode of inheritance for gene: EPAS1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Mendeliome v0.6486 MED27 Alison Yeung gene: MED27 was added
gene: MED27 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MED27 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MED27 were set to 33443317
Phenotypes for gene: MED27 were set to Intellectual disability; cerebellar hypoplasia; dystonia
Review for gene: MED27 was set to GREEN
gene: MED27 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 16 patients from 11 families with balletic variants
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6485 ACTL9 Elena Savva gene: ACTL9 was added
gene: ACTL9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTL9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ACTL9 were set to PMID: 33626338
Phenotypes for gene: ACTL9 were set to Fertilization failure; male infertility
Review for gene: ACTL9 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three families with homozygous pathogenic variants (two missense, one PTC). Single affected in each family. Functional analysis from patients shows all sperm had morphological defects, protein had reduced binding to ACTL7A
All variants very rare in gnomAD.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6485 MAST2 Elena Savva gene: MAST2 was added
gene: MAST2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MAST2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: MAST2 were set to PMID: 33465109
Phenotypes for gene: MAST2 were set to Thrombophilia; venous thrombosis
Review for gene: MAST2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single missense identified in a family with venous thrombosis and thrombophilia. Missense variant reviewed by in silicos only. Shown to affect regulation of TFP1 and SERPINE1 gene expression.

RNAi of MAST2 followed by RNAseq showed expression changes in many downstream targets
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6483 AGPS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AGPS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6480 BANF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BANF1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6476 FOXP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXP2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6473 GLI3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GLI3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6469 KIF22 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF22 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6467 ANKZF1 Bryony Thompson gene: ANKZF1 was added
gene: ANKZF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKZF1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ANKZF1 were set to 28302725
Phenotypes for gene: ANKZF1 were set to Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease
Review for gene: ANKZF1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated cases (1 homozygous and 1 compound heterozygous), and supporting in vitro and yeast assays indicating that loss-of-function mutations in ANKZF1 result in deregulation of mitochondrial integrity.
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v0.6465 ANGPT1 Bryony Thompson gene: ANGPT1 was added
gene: ANGPT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: ANGPT1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ANGPT1 were set to 28601681; 24852101; 30689269; 10617467; 8980224
Phenotypes for gene: ANGPT1 were set to Hereditary angioedema
Review for gene: ANGPT1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A missense variant (A119S) identified in 4 affected individuals in a single family. Supportive data in patient cells, functional assays of the variant, and animal models (both overexpression and null) for the gene.
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v0.6463 CLTCL1 Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: PMID: 26068709 - Three siblings in a single consanguineous family with congenital insensitivity to pain, inability to feel touch, and cognitive delay and a homozygous rare missense variant (Glu330Lys - no homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1). In vitro functional assays of the variant suggested a deleterious effect on the protein. Additionally cellular assays suggested a role for the gene in neural crest development and in the genesis of pain and touch sensing neurons.

PMID: 29402896 - more in depth functional assays and proteomic analyses suggesting a role for the protein in regulating sensory neuron differentiation in the human peripheral system

Other reports of associations with limited evidence:
PMID: 22511880 - Identified as a candidate gene in an autism study, but the homozygous variant (reported as R125C, but actually R1165C) has 40 homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1. And many of the other compound heterozygous candidate variants in the study are too common in gnomAD v2.1, with many homozygotes present. The missense reported in the pain insensitivity family Glu330Lys was reported with another rare missense variant (Glu1310Lys) in one of the autism cases, but no other phenotype information was provided.

PMID: 31354784 - a single case with infantile spasm reported with compound het missense (Met1316Val & Arg1165Cys), but both are very common in gnomAD v2.1 with 33,000 and 40 homozygotes, respectively.
Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 26068709 - Three siblings in a single consanguineous family with congenital insensitivity to pain, inability to feel touch, and cognitive delay and a homozygous rare missense variant (Glu330Lys - no homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1). In vitro functional assays of the variant suggested a deleterious effect on the protein. Additionally cellular assays suggested a role for the gene in neural crest development and in the genesis of pain and touch sensing neurons.

PMID: 29402896 - more in depth functional assays and proteomic analyses suggesting a role for the protein in regulating sensory neuron differentiation in the human peripheral system.

Other reports of associations with limited evidence:
PMID: 22511880 - Identified as a candidate gene in an autism study, but the homozygous variant (reported as R125C, but actually R1165C) has 40 homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1. And many of the other compound heterozygous candidate variants in the study are too common in gnomAD v2.1, with many homozygotes present. The missense reported in the pain insensitivity family Glu330Lys was reported with another rare missense variant (Glu1310Lys) in one of the autism cases, but no other phenotype information was provided.

PMID: 31354784 - a single case with infantile spasm reported with compound het missense (Met1316Val & Arg1165Cys), but both are very common in gnomAD v2.1 with 33,000 and 40 homozygotes, respectively.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6463 CLTCL1 Bryony Thompson gene: CLTCL1 was added
gene: CLTCL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CLTCL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CLTCL1 were set to 26068709; 29402896; 22511880; 31354784
Phenotypes for gene: CLTCL1 were set to Congenital insensitivity to pain
Review for gene: CLTCL1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 26068709 - Three siblings in a single consanguineous family with congenital insensitivity to pain, inability to feel touch, and cognitive delay and a homozygous rare missense variant (Glu330Lys - no homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1). In vitro functional assays of the variant suggested a deleterious effect on the protein. Additionally cellular assays suggested a role for the gene in neural crest development and in the genesis of pain and touch sensing neurons.

PMID: 29402896 - more in depth functional assays and proteomic analyses suggesting a role for the protein in regulating sensory neuron differentiation in the human peripheral system

Other reports of associations with limited evidence:
PMID: 22511880 - Identified as a candidate gene in an autism study, but the homozygous variant (reported as R125C, but actually R1165C) has 40 homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1. And many of the other compound heterozygous candidate variants in the study are too common in gnomAD v2.1, with many homozygotes present. The missense reported in the pain insensitivity family Glu330Lys was reported with another rare missense variant (Glu1310Lys) in one of the autism cases, but no other phenotype information was provided.

PMID: 31354784 - a single case with infantile spasm reported with compound het missense (Met1316Val & Arg1165Cys), but both are very common in gnomAD v2.1 with 33,000 and 40 homozygotes, respectively.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6458 G6PC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: G6PC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6455 NMNAT2 Bryony Thompson gene: NMNAT2 was added
gene: NMNAT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NMNAT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NMNAT2 were set to 31132363; 25271157; 20126265
Phenotypes for gene: NMNAT2 were set to polyneuropathy; erythromelalgia
Review for gene: NMNAT2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A single family with siblings with a homozygous variant that confers a partial loss of function. Strong supporting functional evidence that the gene plays a key role in axonal survival.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6452 CCT5 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: CCT5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6445 C1GALT1C1 Bryony Thompson Tag somatic tag was added to gene: C1GALT1C1.
Mendeliome v0.6435 ALDOA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDOA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6432 RDH5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RDH5 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6429 RPGRIP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPGRIP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6426 IRX4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IRX4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6422 AKAP6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AKAP6 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6419 ASCC3 Bryony Thompson gene: ASCC3 was added
gene: ASCC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ASCC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ASCC3 were set to 21937992; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100024
Phenotypes for gene: ASCC3 were set to Neuromuscular syndrome; congenital myopathy
Review for gene: ASCC3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 11 individuals from 7 unrelated families with homozygous (missense) or compound heterozygous variants (missense with a presumed LoF variant or 2 missense, no biallelic LoF) with a neurologic phenotype that ranges from severe developmental delay to muscle fatigue.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6408 CRYM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CRYM was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6405 HARS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HARS was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6400 PMVK Zornitza Stark gene: PMVK was added
gene: PMVK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: PMVK was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PMVK were set to 26202976
Phenotypes for gene: PMVK were set to Porokeratosis 1, multiple types, MIM# 175800
Review for gene: PMVK was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least 9 individuals reported.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6398 MVD Zornitza Stark gene: MVD was added
gene: MVD was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MVD was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MVD were set to 30942823; 33491095
Phenotypes for gene: MVD were set to Porokeratosis 7, multiple types, MIM# 614714
Review for gene: MVD was set to GREEN
Added comment: Porokeratoses are a heterogeneous group of keratinization disorders. For linear porokeratosis and disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, a heterozygous pathogenic germline variant in a mevalonate pathway gene and a postzygotic second hit mutation present in affected skin have been shown to be the patho-genetic mechanism for the development of the lesions. At least 5 individuals reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6394 SHROOM3 Zornitza Stark gene: SHROOM3 was added
gene: SHROOM3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: SHROOM3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SHROOM3 were set to 32621286
Phenotypes for gene: SHROOM3 were set to Anencephaly; cleft lip and palate
Review for gene: SHROOM3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Animal model and other functional data link SHROOM3 to neural tube development. Single family reported with bi-allelic LoF in a fetus with anencephaly and CL/P.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6390 MSL3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MSL3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.6387 TOE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TOE1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6384 VRK1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VRK1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6381 SPTBN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTBN2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6378 SEPSECS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SEPSECS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6375 ITPR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ITPR1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6372 EXOSC8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOSC8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6371 EXOSC8 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: EXOSC8.
Mendeliome v0.6369 EXOSC3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOSC3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6368 CLP1 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: CLP1.
Mendeliome v0.6366 CLP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6363 CHMP1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHMP1A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6360 BRF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BRF1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6357 DHODH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DHODH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6354 ITGB4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGB4 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6351 LAMA3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMA3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6348 LAMB3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMB3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6345 LAMC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMC2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6343 KRT5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KRT5 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6338 ITGA6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGA6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6335 ITGA3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGA3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6332 FERMT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FERMT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6329 EXPH5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EXPH5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6327 COL7A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL7A1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6324 IGSF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IGSF1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.6320 FSTL5 Eleanor Williams gene: FSTL5 was added
gene: FSTL5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FSTL5 was set to Unknown
Publications for gene: FSTL5 were set to 33105483
Phenotypes for gene: FSTL5 were set to isolated club-foot; iTEV; Talipes equinovarus
Review for gene: FSTL5 was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 33105483 - Khanshour et al 20201 - GWAS study of isolated Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot, iTEV) identified an associated locus within FSTL5. They show that Fstl5 is expressed in the embryonic hindlimb in bats, chicks and mice. However, Fstl5 was expressed more highly in neural tissues in mice, and rats lacking Fstl5 showed no gross developmental malformations. Conditional overexpression of Fstl5 in osteochondroprogenitors resulted in sexually dimorphic differences in skeletal development in mice.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6320 NCOA3 Eleanor Williams gene: NCOA3 was added
gene: NCOA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NCOA3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: NCOA3 were set to 33326993
Phenotypes for gene: NCOA3 were set to non-syndromic hearing loss
Review for gene: NCOA3 was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 33326993 - Salazar da Silva et al 2020 - report a 5 generation Brazilian family with 15 individuals with non-syndromic, bilateral and progressive hearing loss. Using linkage analysis and then exome sequencing they identified a heterozygous variant in NCOA3 (NM_181659, c.2810C > G; p.Ser937Cys) that was found in the 7 analysed affected individuals. It was also found in 4 unaffected individuals but they are within the range of onset of hearing loss observed in the family. Expression of nco3 was found in the inner ear of mice and zebrafish. ncoa3-/- zebrafish showed subtle alterations in cartilage, mineral density and abnormal adult swimming behaviour, which may suggest the mechanism of pathogenicity.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6318 CFHR3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CFHR3 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6315 CFHR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CFHR1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6309 SCARB1 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: SCARB1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6305 CETP Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: CETP was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6303 DMGDH Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: DMGDH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6297 SHPK Bryony Thompson gene: SHPK was added
gene: SHPK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SHPK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SHPK were set to 25647543; 27604308
Phenotypes for gene: SHPK were set to Sedoheptulokinase deficiency MIM#617213
Review for gene: SHPK was set to AMBER
Added comment: 2 unrelated cases reported, with elevated excretion of erythritol and sedoheptulose, and each had a homozygous nonsense variant. The first patient presented with neonatal cholestasis, hypoglycemia, and anemia, while the second patient presented with congenital arthrogryposis multiplex, multiple contractures, and dysmorphisms. Due to inconsistency in phenotypes, likely SHPK deficiency is a benign disorder.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6295 PNLIP Bryony Thompson gene: PNLIP was added
gene: PNLIP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PNLIP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PNLIP were set to 31977950; 25862608; 24262094; 27604308
Phenotypes for gene: PNLIP were set to Pancreatic lipase deficiency MIM#614338; disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism
Review for gene: PNLIP was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 cases from 2 unrelated families, with supporting biochemical assays in patient cells and cellular-based assays. The cases have decreased absorption of dietary fat and greasy voluminous stools, but apparent normal development and an overall good state of health.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6294 TDO2 Zornitza Stark gene: TDO2 was added
gene: TDO2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TDO2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TDO2 were set to 28285122; 27604308
Phenotypes for gene: TDO2 were set to Hypertryptophanemia MIM#600627; Disorders of histidine, tryptophan or lysine metabolism
Review for gene: TDO2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single case reported, biochemical phenotype of hypertryptophanemia and hyperserotoninemia does not appear to have significant clinical consequences
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6291 SUGCT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SUGCT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6287 SLC36A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC36A2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6283 SARDH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SARDH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6279 OPLAH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OPLAH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6277 OPLAH Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: OPLAH.
Mendeliome v0.6275 KHK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KHK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6271 HAL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HAL was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6266 DCXR Zornitza Stark gene: DCXR was added
gene: DCXR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: DCXR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DCXR were set to 22042873
Phenotypes for gene: DCXR were set to Pentosuria MIM#260800; Disorders of pentose metabolism
Review for gene: DCXR was set to AMBER
Added comment: At least 9 Ashkenazi Jewish probands reported. The condition is clinically benign.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6263 CTH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CTH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6259 ACSF3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACSF3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6255 PHGDH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PHGDH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6251 PNP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PNP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6248 PNPLA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PNPLA2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6245 ESRP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ESRP2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6241 ACBD5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACBD5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6238 SAR1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SAR1B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6235 SC5D Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SC5D was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6232 SLC39A14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC39A14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6229 SLC46A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC46A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6226 ST3GAL3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ST3GAL3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6224 DDX58 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: DDX58 was changed from Other to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.6222 DDX58 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: DDX58 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.6221 DDX58 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DDX58: Added comment: Prasov et al. 2021 (PMID: 33495304) - A heterozygous DDX58 variant (c.1529A>T) was identified in 5 individuals from 2 unrelated families from different ethnic backgrounds. Phenotypes varied with some being severely affected by systemic features and others solely with glaucoma.Functional analysis demonstrated the variant confers a dominant gain-of-function effect on interferon activity.; Changed mode of pathogenicity: Other; Changed publications: 25620203, 33495304
Mendeliome v0.6207 WBP11 Eleanor Williams gene: WBP11 was added
gene: WBP11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: WBP11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: WBP11 were set to 33276377
Phenotypes for gene: WBP11 were set to malformation syndrome affecting the cardiac, skeletal, gastrointestinal and renal systems
Review for gene: WBP11 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 33276377 - Martin et al 2020 - report 13 affected individuals from 7 unrelated families identified through various different cohort analysis (vertebral malformation, renal hypodysplasia, syndromic esophageal atresia, multiple congenital anomalies) in whom a WBP11 heterozygous variant is considered the top causative candidate. 5 identified variants were predicted to be protein truncating whilst the 6th was a missense variant. All variants are absent from population databases. In family 1, the variant was inherited from the apparently unaffected mother, indicating reduced penetrance, and phenotypic variance within families was observed. Phenotypes covered cardiac, vertebral, renal, craniofacial and gastrointestinal systems. At least at least 5 of the patients affected had features in three component organs so can be considered a VACTERL association. Wbp11 heterozygous null mice had vertebral and renal anomalies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6207 TTF2 Zornitza Stark gene: TTF2 was added
gene: TTF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: TTF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: TTF2 were set to 30022773
Phenotypes for gene: TTF2 were set to congenital hypothyroidism, thyroid dysgenesis, No OMIM #
Review for gene: TTF2 was set to RED
Added comment: 1 case only
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6205 DUOXA1 Zornitza Stark gene: DUOXA1 was added
gene: DUOXA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: DUOXA1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DUOXA1 were set to 29650690
Phenotypes for gene: DUOXA1 were set to congenital hypothyroidism, No OMIM #
Review for gene: DUOXA1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 12 cases, but digenic model with variants in other genes
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6203 DUOX1 Zornitza Stark gene: DUOX1 was added
gene: DUOX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: DUOX1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DUOX1 were set to 29650690
Phenotypes for gene: DUOX1 were set to congenital hypothyroidism, No OMIM #
Review for gene: DUOX1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 11 cases, but digenic model, with variants in other genes.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6200 TTF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TTF1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6197 CDCA8 Zornitza Stark gene: CDCA8 was added
gene: CDCA8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: CDCA8 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CDCA8 were set to 28025328; 29546359
Phenotypes for gene: CDCA8 were set to Congenital hypothyroidism, thyroid dysgenesis, no OMIM #
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CDCA8 was set to Other
Review for gene: CDCA8 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 families (1 with bilallelic variants [parent affected as HTZ], 3 with monoallelic variants) with functional evidence of variants. GREEN for mono allelic, RED for biallelic.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.6195 DNAJC30 Zornitza Stark gene: DNAJC30 was added
gene: DNAJC30 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJC30 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DNAJC30 were set to 33465056
Phenotypes for gene: DNAJC30 were set to Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Review for gene: DNAJC30 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 33 individuals from 29 families had homozygous DNAJC30 missense variants. Three different variants identified (one responsible for most cases). All three variants absent from gnomAD. Incomplete penetrance and male predominance in affected individuals both typical of LHON due to mtDNA mutations. All 3 variants in the J domain of the protein. Functional evidence.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6193 PCDH19 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PCDH19 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to Other
Mendeliome v0.6192 SLC7A6OS Zornitza Stark gene: SLC7A6OS was added
gene: SLC7A6OS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A6OS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC7A6OS were set to 33085104
Phenotypes for gene: SLC7A6OS were set to Progressive myoclonus epilepsy
Review for gene: SLC7A6OS was set to RED
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with same homozygous splice site variant, shared haplotype (founder effect). Limited functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6191 TLR8 Zornitza Stark Tag somatic tag was added to gene: TLR8.
Mendeliome v0.6190 TLR8 Zornitza Stark gene: TLR8 was added
gene: TLR8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TLR8 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: TLR8 were set to 33512449
Phenotypes for gene: TLR8 were set to Immunodeficiency; bone marrow failure
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TLR8 was set to Other
Review for gene: TLR8 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Six unrelated males reported with a phenotype comprising neutropaenia, infections, lymphoproliferation, humoral immune defects, and in some cases bone marrow failure. Three different variants reported, the variant was somatic in 5/6 individuals. GoF mechanism demonstrated.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6187 PIGF Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: The same homozygous missense variant identified in 2 individuals from different families from the same region of India. Individuals had a phenotype similar to DOORS syndrome without deafness. Impaired glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis was demonstrated.

Rated Red as the two families are likely to be related (founder mutation?).
Sources: Literature; to: The same homozygous missense variant identified in 2 individuals from different families from the same region of India. Individuals had a phenotype similar to DOORS syndrome without deafness - only one of the two had seizures (GTCS), the other was 14mo and noted to have tonic posturing.

Impaired glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis was demonstrated by flow cytometry and a rescue assay. Alkaline phosphatase in both individuals was normal.

Rated Red as the two families are likely to be related (founder mutation?).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6187 PIGF Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: The same missense variant identified in 2 individuals from different families from the same region of India. Individuals had a phenotype similar to DOORS syndrome without deafness. Impaired glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis was demonstrated.

Rated Red as the two families are likely to be related (founder mutation?).
Sources: Literature; to: The same homozygous missense variant identified in 2 individuals from different families from the same region of India. Individuals had a phenotype similar to DOORS syndrome without deafness. Impaired glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis was demonstrated.

Rated Red as the two families are likely to be related (founder mutation?).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6187 PIGF Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Identified in 2 individuals with a phenotype similar to DOORS (syndrome
Sources: Literature; to: The same missense variant identified in 2 individuals from different families from the same region of India. Individuals had a phenotype similar to DOORS syndrome without deafness. Impaired glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis was demonstrated.

Rated Red as the two families are likely to be related (founder mutation?).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6187 PIGF Paul De Fazio gene: PIGF was added
gene: PIGF was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGF was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PIGF were set to 33386993
Phenotypes for gene: PIGF were set to Glycosylphosphatidylinositol\ deficiency, onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, intellectual disability, and seizures
Review for gene: PIGF was set to RED
gene: PIGF was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Identified in 2 individuals with a phenotype similar to DOORS (syndrome
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6187 BRWD1 Paul De Fazio gene: BRWD1 was added
gene: BRWD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: BRWD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: BRWD1 were set to 33389130
Phenotypes for gene: BRWD1 were set to Asthenoteratozoospermia, likely primary ciliary dyskinesia
Review for gene: BRWD1 was set to GREEN
gene: BRWD1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Biallelic missense variants reported in 3 unrelated individuals. Apart from asthenoteratozoospermia, all 3 had PCD or "PCD-likely" symptoms of re-occurring airway infections, bronchiectasis, and rhinosinusitis. One individual had situs inversus. Studies on cells from one indivdidual showed abnormal respiratory cilia structure. BRWD1 staining was absent from respiratory cilia in this individual (present in controls).

Rated Green as there are three unrelated individuals reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6184 HIRA Paul De Fazio gene: HIRA was added
gene: HIRA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: HIRA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: HIRA were set to 33417013; 28135719; 25363760
Phenotypes for gene: HIRA were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder
Review for gene: HIRA was set to GREEN
gene: HIRA was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Two unrelated patients with different de novo loss of function variants identified in PMID 33417013:

Individual 1: intragenic deletion, phenotype included psychomotor retardation, ID, growth retardation, microcephaly, and facial features reminiscent of 22q deletion syndrome.
Individual 2: canonical splice variant, phenotype mostly confined to ASD

Another two de novo variants were identified in the literature by the authors of that paper, one stop-gain (DDD study, PMID 28135719) and one missense (large autism cohort, PMID 25363760).

PMID 33417013 also showed that HIRA knockdown in mice results in neurodevelopmental abnormalities.

Rated Green due to 4 unrelated individuals (albeit 2 in large cohort studies) and a mouse model. NB: HIRA is within the common 22q deletion region.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6182 POLR3B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR3B was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6179 EYA3 Paul De Fazio gene: EYA3 was added
gene: EYA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EYA3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: EYA3 were set to 33475861
Phenotypes for gene: EYA3 were set to Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS)
Review for gene: EYA3 was set to RED
gene: EYA3 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 3 individuals with OAVS from two unrelated families with the same missense variant, p.(Asn358Ser). Variant has 20 heterozygotes in gnomAD. Unaffected carriers in both families were also identified - unknown if incomplete penetrance or nonsegregation.

Functional studies indicate the variant increases protein half life, and gene knockdown in zebrafish had an effect on craniofacial development.

Rated Red due to both families sharing the variant and uncertainty about incomplete penetrance versus nonsegregation.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6178 HEY2 Zornitza Stark gene: HEY2 was added
gene: HEY2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: HEY2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HEY2 were set to 32820247
Phenotypes for gene: HEY2 were set to congenital heart defects and thoracic aortic aneurysms
Review for gene: HEY2 was set to RED
Added comment: A very large family affected by CHD and familial thoracic aortic aneurysms. Trio genome sequencing was carried out in an index patient with critical CHD, and family members had either exome or Sanger sequencing. Identified homozygous loss-of-function variant (c.318_319delAG, p.G108*) in HEY2 in 3 individuals in family with critical CHD, whereas the 20 heterozygous carriers show a spectrum of CVDs (CHD and FTAA, but varying expressivity and incomplete penetrance). Other studies show that knockout of HEY2 in mice results in cardiovascular defects (CVDs), including septal defects, cardiomyopathy, a thin-walled aorta, and valve anomalies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6175 FGF9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FGF9 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6174 OTUD5 Zornitza Stark gene: OTUD5 was added
gene: OTUD5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: OTUD5 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: OTUD5 were set to 33131077
Phenotypes for gene: OTUD5 were set to X-linked severe neurodevelopmental delay, hydrocephalus, and early lethality
Review for gene: OTUD5 was set to RED
Added comment: 13 male patients from a single family with three generations affected. Patients presented prenatally or during the neonatal period with IUGR, ventriculomegaly, hydrocephalus, hypotonia, congenital heart defects, hypospadias, and severe neurodevelopmental delay. The disease is typically fatal during infancy, mainly due to sepsis (pneumonias). Female carriers are asymptomatic. WGS in four individuals identified a unique candidate variant in the OTUD5 gene (NM_017602.3:c.598G > A, p.Glu200Lys). The variant cosegregated with the disease in 10 tested individuals. No functional studies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6172 BCAT2 Bryony Thompson gene: BCAT2 was added
gene: BCAT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: BCAT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: BCAT2 were set to 14755340; 25653144
Phenotypes for gene: BCAT2 were set to Hypervalinemia or hyperleucine-isoleucinemia MIM#618850; disorder of branched-chain amino acid metabolism
Review for gene: BCAT2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A single case reported with compound heterozygous variants with functional studies demonstrating that the two variants resulted in decreased BCAT2 enzyme activity. Also, a null mouse model has a phenotype similar to human maple syrup urine disease.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.6171 CLRN2 Paul De Fazio gene: CLRN2 was added
gene: CLRN2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CLRN2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CLRN2 were set to 33496845
Phenotypes for gene: CLRN2 were set to Non-syndromic hearing loss
Review for gene: CLRN2 was set to AMBER
gene: CLRN2 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Missense variant segregates with non-syndromic hearing loss in 3 members of a consanguineous family, two from one nuclear family and one from another. The variant was also shown to result in some transcripts being abnormally spliced, resulting in a premature stop codon.

Functional studies in zebrafish and mice show the gene plays an essential role in normal organization and maintenance of the auditory hair bundles, and for hearing function.

Rated Amber due to supporting functional studies in mice.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6171 CFAP47 Hazel Phillimore gene: CFAP47 was added
gene: CFAP47 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP47 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Publications for gene: CFAP47 were set to PMID: 33472045
Phenotypes for gene: CFAP47 were set to asthenoteratozoospermia; morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF)
Review for gene: CFAP47 was set to AMBER
Added comment: CFAP47 also known as CXorf22. 3 different missense variants in 3 unrelated Chinese individuals with asthenoteratozoospermia associated with morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence showed reduced levels of CFAP47 in spermatozoa in all 3 men. A separate asthenoteratozoospermia cohort showed 1 individual with CNV including whole gene deletion of CFAP47.
Mouse model (with frameshift variants generated (via CRISPR-Cas9 technology) were sterile and presented with reduced sperm motility and abnormal flagellar morphology.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6171 C14orf39 Elena Savva gene: C14orf39 was added
gene: C14orf39 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: C14orf39 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: C14orf39 were set to PMID: 33508233; 27796301
Phenotypes for gene: C14orf39 were set to Azoospermia; Premature ovarian insufficiency
Review for gene: C14orf39 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 33508233
- 1 family with two males (azoospermia) and 1 female (premature ovarian insufficiency)
- 2 unrelated Chinese males with azoospermia
All patients had either homozygous PTCs or splice

PMID: 27796301
Mouse K/O had azoospermia and ovarian failure
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6167 ENO1 Kristin Rigbye gene: ENO1 was added
gene: ENO1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ENO1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ENO1 were set to 32488097
Phenotypes for gene: ENO1 were set to Polymicrogyria
Review for gene: ENO1 was set to RED
Added comment: ENO1 identified as a polymicrogyria candidate gene from the smallest case of 1p36 duplication reported to date, in a 35yo F (onset at 8mo) presenting intellectual disability, microcephaly, epilepsy and perisylvian polymicrogyria. The duplication only encompassed 2 genes, ENO1 and RERE, and gene expression analysis performed using the patient cells revealed reduced expression, mimicking haploinsufficiency. Eno1 inactivation in rats was shown to cause a brain development defect. According to OMIM, ENO1 is deleted in glioblastoma, which is tolerated by the expression of ENO2.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6166 METAP1 Paul De Fazio gene: METAP1 was added
gene: METAP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: METAP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: METAP1 were set to PMID: 32764695
Phenotypes for gene: METAP1 were set to Intellectual disability, aggression, neurodevelopmental delay
Review for gene: METAP1 was set to RED
gene: METAP1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Biallelic nonsense (NMD-predicted) variant identified in 4 sibs in a consanguineous family with dev delay. One sib had bilateral clinodactyly of her toes and her left 3rd finger, other sibs were not dysmorphic. Rated red due to single consanguineous family.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6165 MYADML2 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: MYADML2.
Mendeliome v0.6165 CCDC186 Zornitza Stark gene: CCDC186 was added
gene: CCDC186 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC186 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CCDC186 were set to 33259146
Phenotypes for gene: CCDC186 were set to Epileptic encephalopathy
Review for gene: CCDC186 was set to RED
Added comment: One individual reported with bi-allelic truncating variant and EE.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6164 KCNN2 Ain Roesley gene: KCNN2 was added
gene: KCNN2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNN2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: KCNN2 were set to 33242881
Phenotypes for gene: KCNN2 were set to neurodevelopmental movement disorders
Penetrance for gene: KCNN2 were set to unknown
Review for gene: KCNN2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: - 11 probands all de novo except for 1 mother-daughter pair.
- a mix of null and missense variants
- 2/11 with microcephaly, 10/11 motor delay, 7/11 language delay (excluding 2 with regression), all with varying degrees of ID, 3/11 seizures, 7/11 movement disorder, 4/11 cerebellar ataxia, 6/11 MRI anomalies

additional variants were noted in 2 patients: 1x cHet for variants in MED12L and 1x de novo TNK2 variant

patch clamp functional studies were also done
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6164 MYADML2 Paul De Fazio gene: MYADML2 was added
gene: MYADML2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MYADML2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MYADML2 were set to 32778762
Phenotypes for gene: MYADML2 were set to Cranial asymmetry, reduced bone maturation, multiple dislocations, lumbar lordosis, and prominent clavicles
Review for gene: MYADML2 was set to RED
gene: MYADML2 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 5 sibs from a consanguineous family identified to have biallelic deletion encompassing part of the PYCR1 gene and the coding region of the MYADML2 gene.

According to the authors: "All five affected sibs had the most common features of ARCL (autosomal recessive cutis laxa) but not many of the less common ones. We attributed the anomalies not typical for ARCL to MYADML2 deficit, because no other genetic defect possibly a candidate to underlie the skeletal phenotype was found."

Phenotype may still be explained by the PYCR1 deletion alone.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6164 SQOR Zornitza Stark gene: SQOR was added
gene: SQOR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SQOR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SQOR were set to 32160317
Phenotypes for gene: SQOR were set to Leigh-like disorder
Review for gene: SQOR was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families and some functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6162 HYAL2 Zornitza Stark gene: HYAL2 was added
gene: HYAL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: HYAL2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HYAL2 were set to 28081210; 23172227; 26515055
Phenotypes for gene: HYAL2 were set to Cleft lip and palate; cor triatriatum; congenital cardiac malformations
Review for gene: HYAL2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 2 unrelated consanguineous extended families (Amish and Arab) with an orofacial clefting phenotype with cardiac anomalies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6159 SLC6A20 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC6A20 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6156 SUOX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SUOX was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6151 NOS1AP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NOS1AP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6147 DCT Zornitza Stark gene: DCT was added
gene: DCT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: DCT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DCT were set to 33100333
Phenotypes for gene: DCT were set to Oculocutaneous albinism, type VIII, MIM# 619165
Review for gene: DCT was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. Functional data including mouse model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6144 SDHAF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SDHAF1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6141 NDUFC2 Zornitza Stark gene: NDUFC2 was added
gene: NDUFC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NDUFC2 were set to 32969598
Phenotypes for gene: NDUFC2 were set to Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 36, MIM# 619170
Review for gene: NDUFC2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency nuclear type 36 (MC1DN36) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, and failure to thrive apparent from infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals usually do not acquire ambulation, show progressive spasticity, and have impaired intellectual development with absent speech. More variable features may include pale optic discs, poor eye contact, seizures, and congenital heart defects. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate; metabolic acidosis may occur during stress or infection. Brain imaging shows T2-weighted abnormalities in the basal ganglia and brainstem, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of Leigh syndrome. Two unrelated families reported, some functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6138 UPB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UPB1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6135 UROC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UROC1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6133 DLX4 Zornitza Stark gene: DLX4 was added
gene: DLX4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: DLX4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DLX4 were set to 25954033; 29738288
Phenotypes for gene: DLX4 were set to Orofacial cleft 15, MIM# 616788
Review for gene: DLX4 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported and a SNP association study.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6132 DLG1 Zornitza Stark gene: DLG1 was added
gene: DLG1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: DLG1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DLG1 were set to 28926086
Phenotypes for gene: DLG1 were set to Non-syndromic cleft lip and palate
Review for gene: DLG1 was set to RED
Added comment: GWAS study PMID: 28926086 found genome-wide significance for several SNPs within this gene, identifying it as a candidate gene for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6129 PLEKHA7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLEKHA7 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6125 GYS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GYS2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6121 OPA3 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: OPA3 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.6120 OPA3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OPA3 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6117 FOXF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXF1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6114 STEAP3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STEAP3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6112 FTH1 Zornitza Stark gene: FTH1 was added
gene: FTH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: FTH1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: FTH1 were set to 11389486
Phenotypes for gene: FTH1 were set to Hemochromatosis, type 5, MIM# 615517
Review for gene: FTH1 was set to RED
Added comment: One multi-generational family with 5' UTR variant.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6111 CYBRD1 Zornitza Stark gene: CYBRD1 was added
gene: CYBRD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: CYBRD1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CYBRD1 were set to 15338274
Phenotypes for gene: CYBRD1 were set to Iron overload
Review for gene: CYBRD1 was set to RED
Added comment: Paucity of publications. One of the variants reported in PMID 15338274, p.Arg226His is present in over 1,000 hets in gnomad.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6109 BMP6 Zornitza Stark gene: BMP6 was added
gene: BMP6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: BMP6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: BMP6 were set to 26582087; 32464486
Phenotypes for gene: BMP6 were set to Iron overload, mild to moderate
Review for gene: BMP6 was set to GREEN
Added comment: More than 9 individuals reported with iron overload and variants in this gene.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6107 CREB3L3 Bryony Thompson gene: CREB3L3 was added
gene: CREB3L3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: CREB3L3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CREB3L3 were set to 32580631; 29954705; 27982131; 27291420; 26427795; 21666694
Phenotypes for gene: CREB3L3 were set to Hyperlipidaemia; hypertriglyceridemia
Review for gene: CREB3L3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 26427795 - a loss of function variant (c.359delG p.K120fsX20) was identified in 2 affected adult siblings and a 13 yo normotriglyceridemic daughter of one of the siblings.
PMID: 21666694 - Lipoprotein profiles of the families of 4 individuals with CREB3L3 nonsense mutations showed a significantly elevated mean plasma TG level in 11 mutation carriers compared with 5 non-carrier first-degree relatives (9.67 ± 4.70 vs. 1.66 ± 0.55 mM, P = 0.021, Wilcoxon test). 3 of those families have the same variant - Lys245GlufsTer130, which has 126 (281,946 alleles) hets in gnomAD v2.1.
PMID: 32580631 - case-control analysis of nonmonogenic severe hypertriglyceridemia cases (N=265) vs normolipidemic controls (N=477), identified 5 cases with LoF variants (3 of whom had the Lys245GlufsTer130 frameshift) and none in controls. OR 20.2 (95% CI 1.11–366.1) p = 0.002, adjusted p = 0.03.
The frequency of Lys245GlufsTer130 is higher than expected for a dominant disorder, but other loss of function variants have been identified. The gene may be associated with variable penetrance. There are multiple supporting null mouse models with hyperlipidaemia.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6105 GPIHBP1 Bryony Thompson gene: GPIHBP1 was added
gene: GPIHBP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: GPIHBP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GPIHBP1 were set to 17883852; 19304573; 20026666; 17403372
Phenotypes for gene: GPIHBP1 were set to Hyperlipoproteinemia, type 1D MIM#615947; familial chylomicronemia syndrome
Review for gene: GPIHBP1 was set to GREEN
gene: GPIHBP1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Well-established cause of familial chylomicronemia (see OMIM). Greater than 3 families reported and a supporting mouse model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.6102 CBY1 Bryony Thompson gene: CBY1 was added
gene: CBY1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CBY1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CBY1 were set to 33131181; 25103236; 25220153
Phenotypes for gene: CBY1 were set to intellectual disability; cerebellar ataxia; molar tooth sign; polydactyly; Joubert syndrome
Review for gene: CBY1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three cases in two unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss of function variants. Multiple null model organisms recapitulate the human phenotype: Null mouse model had cystic kidneys, a phenotype common to ciliopathies. Reducing Cby levels in Xenopus laevis model reduced the density of multiciliated cells, the number of basal bodies per multiciliated cell, and the numbers of neural tube primary cilia; it also led to abnormal development of the neural crest, central nervous system, and pronephros. Depletion of cby1 in zebrafish results in ciliopathy‐related phenotypes.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6100 ZMYND15 Bryony Thompson gene: ZMYND15 was added
gene: ZMYND15 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZMYND15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ZMYND15 were set to 24431330; 33169450; 20675388
Phenotypes for gene: ZMYND15 were set to Severe oligozoospermia
Review for gene: ZMYND15 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 unrelated consanguineous cases with homozygous loss of function variants. Zmynd15-null male mice display reduced testis weight and azoospermia
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6097 PNPLA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PNPLA1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6095 TMEM251 Bryony Thompson gene: TMEM251 was added
gene: TMEM251 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM251 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TMEM251 were set to 33252156
Phenotypes for gene: TMEM251 were set to Dysostosis multiplex‐like skeletal dysplasia; severe short stature
Review for gene: TMEM251 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous variants (c.133C>T; p.Arg45Trp and c.215dupA; p.Tyr72Ter), with co-segregation data in one family. Preliminary in vitro functional assays conducted - Tmem251 knockdown by small interfering RNA induced dedifferentiation of rat primary chondrocytes.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6092 LOR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LOR was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6089 CYP4F22 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP4F22 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6086 CERS3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CERS3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6083 ALOX12B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALOX12B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6080 ALX3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALX3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6077 ALX1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALX1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6074 HIST1H1E Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HIST1H1E was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6071 EED Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EED was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6068 CLCN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCN1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6065 TUBG1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBG1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6062 TUBB3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBB3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6059 TUBB2B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBB2B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6056 TUBB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBB was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6053 FZD4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FZD4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6050 TSPAN12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TSPAN12 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6047 PPP2R5D Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PPP2R5D was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.6046 PPP2R5D Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP2R5D was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6043 KAT6B Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KAT6B was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.6042 KAT6B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KAT6B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6039 DVL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: DVL1 was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.6038 DVL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DVL1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, paternally imprinted (maternal allele expressed)
Mendeliome v0.6035 SCAMP5 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SCAMP5: Added comment: PMID 33390987: Four unrelated individuals reported with same de novo missense variant, p. Gly180Trp. The onset age of seizures was ranged from 6 to 15 months. Patients had different types of seizures, including focal seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and tonic seizure. One patient showed typical autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms. Electroencephalogram (EEG) findings presented as focal or multifocal discharges, sometimes spreading to generalization. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities were present in each patient. Severe intellectual disability and language and motor developmental disorders were found in our patients, with all patients having poor language development and were nonverbal at last follow-up. All but one of the patients could walk independently in childhood, but the ability to walk independently in one patient had deteriorated with age. All patients had abnormal neurological exam findings, mostly signs of extrapyramidal system involvement. Dysmorphic features were found in 2/4 patients, mainly in the face and trunk.; Changed publications: 31439720, 33390987
Mendeliome v0.6030 ZNF526 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF526 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6023 BCS1L Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BCS1L was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6020 MRPS22 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPS22 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6018 CELF2 Zornitza Stark gene: CELF2 was added
gene: CELF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CELF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CELF2 were set to 33131106
Phenotypes for gene: CELF2 were set to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Review for gene: CELF2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Five unrelated individuals reported. Four with de novo variants, and one inherited from a mosaic mother. Notably, all identified variants, except for c.272‐1G>C, were clustered within 20 amino acid residues of the C‐terminus, which might be a nuclear localization signal.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6016 FGF13 Zornitza Stark gene: FGF13 was added
gene: FGF13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FGF13 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: FGF13 were set to 33245860
Phenotypes for gene: FGF13 were set to Intellectual disability; epilepsy
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: FGF13 was set to Other
Review for gene: FGF13 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two sibling pairs and three unrelated males reported who presented in infancy with intractable focal seizures and severe developmental delay.

The variants were located in the N-terminal domain of the A isoform of FGF13/FHF2 (FHF2A). The X-linked FHF2 gene (also known as FGF13) has alternative first exons which produce multiple protein isoforms that differ in their N-terminal sequence. The variants were located at highly conserved residues in the FHF2A inactivation particle that competes with the intrinsic fast inactivation mechanism of Nav channels. Functional characterization of mutant FHF2A co-expressed with wild-type Nav1.6 (SCN8A) revealed that mutant FHF2A proteins lost the ability to induce rapid-onset, long-term blockade of the channel while retaining pro-excitatory properties. These gain-of-function effects are likely to increase neuronal excitability consistent with the epileptic potential of FHF2 variants.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6014 SCUBE3 Zornitza Stark gene: SCUBE3 was added
gene: SCUBE3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SCUBE3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SCUBE3 were set to 33308444
Phenotypes for gene: SCUBE3 were set to Short stature; skeletal abnormalities; craniofacial abnormalities; dental anomalies
Review for gene: SCUBE3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Eighteen affected individuals from nine unrelated families reported with a consistent phenotype characterised by reduced growth, skeletal features, distinctive craniofacial appearance, and dental anomalies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6012 UBR7 Zornitza Stark gene: UBR7 was added
gene: UBR7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: UBR7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: UBR7 were set to 33340455
Phenotypes for gene: UBR7 were set to Intellectual disability; epilepsy; hypothyroidism; congenital anomalies; dysmorphic features
Review for gene: UBR7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Seven individuals from 6 unrelated families. All had developmental delay, and all males had urogenital anomalies, namely cryptorchidism in 5/6 and small penis in 1/6. Six individuals had seizures and hypotonia. Hypothyroidism was present in 4/7 individuals, and ptosis was noted in 6/7 individuals. Five individuals exhibited cardiac abnormalities: two had ventricular septal defect, one had atrial septal defect, one had a patent ductus arteriosus requiring surgery, and the other had a patent ductus arteriosus and a patent foramen ovale that both closed spontaneously. Five individuals had short stature (height < 3rd percentile). Physical examination revealed various dysmorphic features, including prominent forehead (3/7), hypertelorism (4/7), telecanthus (1/7), epicanthus(1/7), downslanting palpebral fissures (3/7), thick eyebrow (1/7), low-set ears (3/7), long philtrum (2/7), unilateral single transverse palmar crease (1/7), and hypertrichosis (1/7).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6008 RABL2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RABL2A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.6003 CEP250 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP250 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.6002 RABL2A Eleanor Williams gene: RABL2A was added
gene: RABL2A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RABL2A was set to Unknown
Publications for gene: RABL2A were set to 33075816
Phenotypes for gene: RABL2A were set to male infertility; ciliopathy
Review for gene: RABL2A was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 33075816 - Ding et al 2020 - with the aim of identifying variants that affect male fertility, the authors report on mice expressing two RABL2A SNPs found to be rare (MAF between 2% and 0.02% in gnomAD, with a deleterious prediction from SIFT and PolyPhen-2, and to affect protein stability. Mice homozygous for these variants (p.L119F and p.V158F) were found to be show ciliopathy-associated disorders including male infertility, early growth retardation, excessive weight gain in adulthood, heterotaxia, pre-axial polydactyly, neural tube defects and hydrocephalus.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.6000 VCAN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VCAN was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5997 CAPN5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CAPN5 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5994 UBIAD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UBIAD1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5991 TGFBI Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TGFBI was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5988 TACSTD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TACSTD2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5984 ZEB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZEB1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5981 ZNF469 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF469 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5978 PIKFYVE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIKFYVE was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5975 OVOL2 Zornitza Stark Tag 5'UTR tag was added to gene: OVOL2.
Mendeliome v0.5975 OVOL2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OVOL2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5972 KRT3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KRT3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5969 DCN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DCN was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5966 COL8A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL8A2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5963 STX3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STX3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5960 SPINT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPINT2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5957 SLC9A3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC9A3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5954 SLC5A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC5A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5951 SLC39A4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC39A4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5948 SLC26A3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC26A3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5947 SLC51B Zornitza Stark gene: SLC51B was added
gene: SLC51B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC51B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC51B were set to 28898457
Phenotypes for gene: SLC51B were set to Congenital diarrhoea; Cholestasis
Review for gene: SLC51B was set to RED
Added comment: Two siblings reported with homozygous LOF variant in this gene and congenital diarrhoea/cholestasis.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.5944 SLC10A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC10A2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5940 PLVAP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLVAP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5937 NEUROG3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEUROG3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5934 TMPRSS15 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMPRSS15 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5931 TTC37 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC37 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5928 WNT2B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WNT2B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5925 MYO5B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYO5B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5923 LCT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LCT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5920 CAMK2B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CAMK2B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5917 RALGAPB Elena Savva gene: RALGAPB was added
gene: RALGAPB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RALGAPB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: RALGAPB were set to PMID: 32853829
Phenotypes for gene: RALGAPB were set to Neurodevelopmental disorders, autism
Review for gene: RALGAPB was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 32853829 - 2 patients with de novo missense variants, 1 patient with a de novo PTC with autism spectrum disorder from a large cohort.
Reviews previous publications and identifies 10 de novo variants (5 PTCs, 5 missense) in patients with ASD (7/10), epilepsy (2/10) and developmental delay (1/10).
Functional studies of patient cells show reduced mRNA expression (PTC).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5914 RNU7-1 Ee Ming Wong gene: RNU7-1 was added
gene: RNU7-1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RNU7-1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RNU7-1 were set to PMID: 33230297
Phenotypes for gene: RNU7-1 were set to PMID: 33230297
Review for gene: RNU7-1 was set to GREEN
gene: RNU7-1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: - 16 affected individuals from 11 families
- - Compared to control fibroblasts, patient fibroblasts were enriched for misprocessed forms of
replication-dependent histone (RDH) mRNAs
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5914 RPL3L Elena Savva gene: RPL3L was added
gene: RPL3L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL3L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RPL3L were set to PMID: 32514796; 32870709
Phenotypes for gene: RPL3L were set to Neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: RPL3L was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 32514796 - 5 hom/chet individuals from three independent families who presented with severe neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy. Unaffected sibs were either carriers of a single variant or homozygous wildtype.

PMID: 32870709 - 1 hom patient w/ neonatal DCM
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5914 LSM11 Ee Ming Wong gene: LSM11 was added
gene: LSM11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LSM11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LSM11 were set to PMID: 33230297
Phenotypes for gene: LSM11 were set to type I interferonopathy Aicardi–Goutières syndrome
Review for gene: LSM11 was set to AMBER
gene: LSM11 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: - Two affected siblings from a consanguineous family carrying a homozygous variant in LSM11
- Compared to control fibroblasts, patient fibroblasts were enriched for misprocessed forms of
replication-dependent histone (RDH) mRNAs
- Knockdown of LSM11 in THP-1 cells results in an increase in misprocessed RDH mRNA and
interferon signaling
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5914 DPH2 Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: One family reported (PMID:32576952) with biallelic (one missense, one nonsense) variants in DPH2, with phenotype similar to DPH1 deficiency.

Another family was previously reported with biallelic nonsense variants (PMID:27421267) with a comparable phenotype, this family also has biallelic variants in KALRN and the authors thought those variants more likely causative.

In vitro functional assays support reduced diphthamide synthesis activity for the variants identified in PMID:32576952.
Sources: Literature; to: One 19 month old reported (PMID:32576952) with biallelic (one missense, one nonsense) variants in DPH2, with phenotype similar to DPH1 deficiency (gross motor delay, not walking, fine motor and expressive language delays, macrocephaly)

Another family (sibs) was previously reported with biallelic nonsense variants (PMID:27421267) with a comparable phenotype, this family also has biallelic variants in KALRN and the authors thought those variants more likely causative. Patients had ID and microcephaly (in contrast to the 19 month old above).

In vitro functional assays support reduced diphthamide synthesis activity for the variants identified in PMID:32576952.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5914 DPH2 Paul De Fazio gene: DPH2 was added
gene: DPH2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DPH2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DPH2 were set to 32576952; 27421267
Phenotypes for gene: DPH2 were set to Diphthamide-deficiency syndrome
Review for gene: DPH2 was set to AMBER
gene: DPH2 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: One family reported (PMID:32576952) with biallelic (one missense, one nonsense) variants in DPH2, with phenotype similar to DPH1 deficiency.

Another family was previously reported with biallelic nonsense variants (PMID:27421267) with a comparable phenotype, this family also has biallelic variants in KALRN and the authors thought those variants more likely causative.

In vitro functional assays support reduced diphthamide synthesis activity for the variants identified in PMID:32576952.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5914 FBRSL1 Elena Savva gene: FBRSL1 was added
gene: FBRSL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FBRSL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: FBRSL1 were set to PMID: 32424618
Phenotypes for gene: FBRSL1 were set to Malformation and intellectual disability syndrome
Review for gene: FBRSL1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three children with de novo PTCs that escape NMD, and an overlapping syndromic phenotype with respiratory insufficiency, postnatal growth restriction, microcephaly, global developmental delay and other malformations. 2/3 had heart defects, cleft palate and hearing impairement.
Supported by Xenopus oocyte functional studies
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5912 EPCAM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EPCAM was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5909 DGAT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DGAT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5906 CPA6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CPA6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5904 CPA6 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CPA6: Added comment: Homozygous p.A270V variant reported in four siblings with Febrile seizures, familial, 11 (MIM 614418)(PMID:21922598), some functional data. Present in gnomad as hets but no homs. Also note one of the heterozygous individuals initially reported was subsequently found to have a second missense variant, PMID 23105115.

Disputed association between mono allelic variants and disease: variants reported have high frequency in gnomad, not in keeping with Mendelian disorder.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5903 HSD17B10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HSD17B10 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.5900 HMGCS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HMGCS2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5899 HMGCL Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: HMGCL.
Mendeliome v0.5897 HMGCL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HMGCL was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5894 GLUD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GLUD1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5891 AGPAT2 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: AGPAT2.
Mendeliome v0.5889 AGPAT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AGPAT2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5886 LPIN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LPIN1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5883 MLYCD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MLYCD was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5880 SLC25A20 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A20 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5877 GABRD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GABRD was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5873 SPR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5870 PRRT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRRT2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5867 KCNQ3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNQ3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5862 SCARF2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCARF2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5857 NAA10 Zornitza Stark Tag 5'UTR tag was added to gene: NAA10.
Mendeliome v0.5855 PRR12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRR12 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5852 PRSS56 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRSS56 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5849 GJA8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GJA8 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5846 ATIC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATIC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5844 FZD5 Zornitza Stark gene: FZD5 was added
gene: FZD5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FZD5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: FZD5 were set to 32737437; 26908622
Phenotypes for gene: FZD5 were set to Coloboma
Review for gene: FZD5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5841 STRA6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STRA6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5838 SOX2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SOX2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5835 SIX6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SIX6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5832 RERE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RERE was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5827 RAX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAX was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5824 RARB Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: RARB was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.5823 RARB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RARB was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5820 RARA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RARA was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5817 PXDN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PXDN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5814 SMOC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMOC1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5811 MFRP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MFRP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5808 MAB21L2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAB21L2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5805 PDSS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PDSS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5801 POLR1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR1A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5799 LOXL3 Zornitza Stark gene: LOXL3 was added
gene: LOXL3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: LOXL3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LOXL3 were set to 30362103; 25663169
Phenotypes for gene: LOXL3 were set to Stickler syndrome
Review for gene: LOXL3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with homozygous missense variants, mouse model supports gene-disease association.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.5796 RBP4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RBP4 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5793 VAX1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VAX1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5789 VSX2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VSX2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5786 WDR37 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR37 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5783 ALDH1A3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDH1A3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5779 VEGFC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VEGFC was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5773 RNASEH2B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RNASEH2B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5770 PDGFB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PDGFB was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5769 XYLT1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: XYLT1.
Tag STR tag was added to gene: XYLT1.
Mendeliome v0.5769 TUSC3 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: TUSC3.
Mendeliome v0.5767 TUSC3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TUSC3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5766 TMEM5 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: TMEM5.
Mendeliome v0.5764 TMEM165 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM165 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5759 SLC35C1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC35C1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5754 GNE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GNE was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5753 EXT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EXT2 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5749 CHSY1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHSY1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5746 DHDDS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DHDDS was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5745 DHDDS Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: DHDDS.
Mendeliome v0.5744 FBLN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FBLN1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5741 FBLN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FBLN1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5739 TBL1X Elena Savva gene: TBL1X was added
gene: TBL1X was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TBL1X was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Publications for gene: TBL1X were set to PMID: 27603907
Phenotypes for gene: TBL1X were set to Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 8 MIM#301033
Review for gene: TBL1X was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 27603907 - mostly males but also a female diagnosed with central hypothyroidism. 6 families reported (5/6 missense, 1/6 splice). Supported by functional studies ->LOF

All mutations were located in the highly conserved WD40-repeat domains.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5739 ST3GAL5 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: ST3GAL5.
Mendeliome v0.5737 ST3GAL5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ST3GAL5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5734 SUCLA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SUCLA2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5731 RFT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RFT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5728 CHST6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHST6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5725 MGAT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MGAT2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5722 MPI Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MPI was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5719 PGM3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PGM3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5716 PGAP3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PGAP3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5713 PGAP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PGAP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5710 PIGV Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGV was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5706 PIGO Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGO was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5705 PIGN Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: PIGN.
Tag founder tag was added to gene: PIGN.
Mendeliome v0.5703 PIGN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5700 PIGA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGA was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.5699 PIGL Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: PIGL.
Tag founder tag was added to gene: PIGL.
Mendeliome v0.5697 PIGL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGL was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5694 B3GALT6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: B3GALT6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5691 B3GALNT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: B3GALNT2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5688 MPDU1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MPDU1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5685 DPAGT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DPAGT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5682 DOLK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DOLK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5679 SLC2A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC2A1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5675 ERCC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ERCC1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5672 POR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5669 MYH6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYH6 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5666 EZH2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EZH2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5663 COG6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COG6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5660 COG5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COG5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5657 FIGLA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FIGLA was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5654 ESR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ESR1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5650 BMP15 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BMP15 was changed from Unknown to Other
Mendeliome v0.5648 PANX1 Zornitza Stark gene: PANX1 was added
gene: PANX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PANX1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PANX1 were set to 30918116; 32838805
Phenotypes for gene: PANX1 were set to Oocyte maturation defect 7, MIM# 618550
Review for gene: PANX1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families, some functional data. Clinical presentation is with infertility.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5646 NANOS3 Bryony Thompson gene: NANOS3 was added
gene: NANOS3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NANOS3 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NANOS3 were set to 25054146; 24091668
Phenotypes for gene: NANOS3 were set to Primary ovarian insufficiency
Review for gene: NANOS3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A homozygous missense (p.Glu120Lys) was identified in two Brazillian sisters with primary amenorrhea, and supporting in vitro functional assays. A heterozygous missense (p.Arg153Trp) was identified in a Chinese woman with POI, with supporting in vitro functional assays. Also, supporting null mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5644 MSH5 Bryony Thompson gene: MSH5 was added
gene: MSH5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MSH5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MSH5 were set to 28175301; 9916805; 24970489
Phenotypes for gene: MSH5 were set to Premature ovarian failure 13 MIM#617442
Review for gene: MSH5 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A homozygous missense mutation (p.D487Y) in two sisters with POI. Also, homologous mutation in mice results in atrophic ovaries without oocytes, and in vitro functional study revealed that mutant MSH5 impaired DNA homologous recombination repair. Null mouse model is viable, but sterile. A case with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ovarian failure and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome had a de novo t(6;14)(p21;q32) translocation, including CYP21A2,TNXB and MSH5.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5642 PATL2 Zornitza Stark gene: PATL2 was added
gene: PATL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PATL2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PATL2 were set to 28965844; 28965849; 32048119; 30765866
Phenotypes for gene: PATL2 were set to Oocyte maturation defect 4, MIM# 617743
Review for gene: PATL2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: More than 5 unrelated families reported, presentation is with infertility.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5638 PGRMC1 Zornitza Stark gene: PGRMC1 was added
gene: PGRMC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PGRMC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PGRMC1 were set to 25246111; 18782852
Phenotypes for gene: PGRMC1 were set to Premature ovarian failure
Review for gene: PGRMC1 was set to RED
Added comment: One family with translocation reported and two affected individuals. Another individual identified as part of a cohort with a missense variant (H165R), but the variant is present in >200 hets in gnomad. Subsequent cohort study did not find an association.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5636 EIF4ENIF1 Bryony Thompson gene: EIF4ENIF1 was added
gene: EIF4ENIF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF4ENIF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: EIF4ENIF1 were set to 31810472; 23902945; 33095795
Phenotypes for gene: EIF4ENIF1 were set to Primary ovarian insufficiency
Review for gene: EIF4ENIF1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 3 families: A missense (p.Q842P) segregated between a mother and daughter with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). A nonsense variant (p.Ser429Ter) segregated in 7 affected women over 3 consecutive generations with early menopause at approximately age 30 years. A missense (p.Lys669Arg) was identified in a Brazilian case with POI.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5633 POF1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POF1B was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.5630 POU5F1 Zornitza Stark gene: POU5F1 was added
gene: POU5F1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: POU5F1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: POU5F1 were set to 21273125
Phenotypes for gene: POU5F1 were set to Premature ovarian failure
Review for gene: POU5F1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported in 2011 and a missense variant.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5628 CCDC141 Bryony Thompson gene: CCDC141 was added
gene: CCDC141 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC141 was set to Unknown
Publications for gene: CCDC141 were set to 27014940; 28324054; 25192046
Phenotypes for gene: CCDC141 were set to Anosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Review for gene: CCDC141 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A consanguineous family had a homozygous nonsense variant, but also had a homozygous missense in FEZF1. 3 other families reported with heterozygous variants, but other variants in other genes present. In an olfactory mouse model, Ccdc141 is expressed in GnRH neurons and olfactory fibers and that knockdown of Ccdc141 reduces GnRH neuronal migration.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5627 SGO2 Zornitza Stark gene: SGO2 was added
gene: SGO2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SGO2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SGO2 were set to 27629923
Phenotypes for gene: SGO2 were set to Perrault syndrome
Review for gene: SGO2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single affected individual reported, though deafness was thought to be explained by a CLDN14 variant. Protein is known to be involved in meiosis.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5626 SOHLH2 Zornitza Stark gene: SOHLH2 was added
gene: SOHLH2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SOHLH2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SOHLH2 were set to 24524832; 19014927
Phenotypes for gene: SOHLH2 were set to Premature ovarian failure
Review for gene: SOHLH2 was set to RED
Added comment: Heterozygous variants in this gene found to be enriched in a cohort of women with POF, substantial data including mouse models implicating this gene in infertility but paucity of well characterised cases.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5624 SYCE1 Zornitza Stark gene: SYCE1 was added
gene: SYCE1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SYCE1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SYCE1 were set to 25062452; 32917591; 32741963; 32402064; 31925770; 31916078
Phenotypes for gene: SYCE1 were set to Premature ovarian failure 12, MIM# 616947; Spermatogenic failure 15 ,MIM#616950
Review for gene: SYCE1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: More than 5 families reported with POF/SF and bi-allelic variants in this gene. Mechanism is thought to be disruption of meiosis, mouse model data also supports gene-disease association.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5623 DACH2 Zornitza Stark gene: DACH2 was added
gene: DACH2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: DACH2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DACH2 were set to 15459172
Phenotypes for gene: DACH2 were set to Primary ovarian insufficiency
Review for gene: DACH2 was set to RED
Added comment: In a small candidate gene study, missense were more common in POI cases than controls (p= 0.0125). 5 missense reported in 7 POI cases, although 2 of the missense are too common in gnomAD for a dominant disorder. No other reports with evidence for an association with POI.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5620 TUBB8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBB8 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5617 WEE2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WEE2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5615 ZP1 Zornitza Stark gene: ZP1 was added
gene: ZP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZP1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ZP1 were set to 24670168; 30810869; 32573113; 33272616
Phenotypes for gene: ZP1 were set to Oocyte maturation defect 1, MIM# 615774
Review for gene: ZP1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Multiple unrelated individuals reported, presents as primary infertility.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5612 ZP3 Zornitza Stark gene: ZP3 was added
gene: ZP3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZP3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ZP3 were set to 28886344; 30810869; 33272616; 32573113
Phenotypes for gene: ZP3 were set to Oocyte maturation defect 3, MIM# 617712
Review for gene: ZP3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Oocyte maturation defect with normal ovarian reserves and menstrual cycles, presents as infertility.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5609 CDC40 Zornitza Stark gene: CDC40 was added
gene: CDC40 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CDC40 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CDC40 were set to 33220177
Phenotypes for gene: CDC40 were set to Pontocerebellar hypoplasia; microcephaly; seizures
Review for gene: CDC40 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported with bi-allelic variants in the gene and PCH, microcephaly, hypotonia, seizures, severe DD/ID, thrombocytopaenia, anaemia. Interaction with PPIL1 and mouse model support gene-disease association. Gene referred to as PRP17 in paper.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5607 PPIL1 Zornitza Stark gene: PPIL1 was added
gene: PPIL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PPIL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PPIL1 were set to 33220177
Phenotypes for gene: PPIL1 were set to Pontocerebellar hypoplasia; microcephaly; seizures
Review for gene: PPIL1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 17 individuals from 9 unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants in the gene and PCH, microcephaly, hypotonia, seizures, severe DD/ID. Mouse models support gene-disease association.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5605 FRA12A Bryony Thompson STR: FRA12A was added
STR: FRA12A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other
5'UTR tags were added to STR: FRA12A.
Mode of inheritance for STR: FRA12A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for STR: FRA12A were set to 17236128
Phenotypes for STR: FRA12A were set to Mental retardation, FRA12A type MIM#136630
Review for STR: FRA12A was set to AMBER
Added comment: NM_173602.2:c.-137CGG[X]
All individuals expressing FRA12A had CGG-repeat expansion. The length of the expanded allele in 3 unaffected FRA12A carriers was 650–850 bp. In the two affected patients from 2 families with FRA12A, the length of the expanded allele was ∼1,050-1,150 bp.
70 controls used to determine the "normal" repeat range.
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v0.5601 CANVAS_ACAGG Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: A novel RFC1 repeat expansion motif, (ACAGG)exp, identified in three affected individuals from 2 families in an Asian-Pacific cohort for CANVAS. Southern blot was used to identify the repeat was ~1000kb in one of the cases, equivalent to ~1000 repeats.
Sources: Literature; to: A novel RFC1 repeat expansion motif, (ACAGG)exp, identified homozygous in three affected individuals from 2 families in an Asian-Pacific cohort for CANVAS. Southern blot was used to identify the repeat was ~1000kb in one of the cases, equivalent to ~1000 repeats.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5600 CANVAS_ACAGG Bryony Thompson STR: CANVAS_ACAGG was added
STR: CANVAS_ACAGG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for STR: CANVAS_ACAGG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for STR: CANVAS_ACAGG were set to 33103729
Phenotypes for STR: CANVAS_ACAGG were set to Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome; fasciculations; elevated serum creatine kinase levels; denervation
Review for STR: CANVAS_ACAGG was set to AMBER
Added comment: A novel RFC1 repeat expansion motif, (ACAGG)exp, identified in three affected individuals from 2 families in an Asian-Pacific cohort for CANVAS. Southern blot was used to identify the repeat was ~1000kb in one of the cases, equivalent to ~1000 repeats.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5598 CANVAS Bryony Thompson STR: CANVAS was added
STR: CANVAS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for STR: CANVAS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for STR: CANVAS were set to 30926972; 32851396
Phenotypes for STR: CANVAS were set to Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome MIM#614575
Review for STR: CANVAS was set to GREEN
STR: CANVAS was marked as clinically relevant
Added comment: Simple tandem repeat (AAAAG)11 replaced with (AAGGG)n in intron 2 of RFC1. Loss of function is not the mechanism of disease. Maori population-specific CANVAS configuration (AAAGG)10-25(AAGGG)exp. (AAAGG)n repeat alone is not pathogenic.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5593 RNASEH2C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RNASEH2C was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5587 RAP1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAP1A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5583 RAP1B Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: RAP1B: Added comment: Another individual with de novo missense reported from a cohort of Kabuki-like patients but note facial gestalt was not typical.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 32627184, 26280580
Mendeliome v0.5581 RAP1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAP1B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5579 EMC10 Zornitza Stark gene: EMC10 was added
gene: EMC10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EMC10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: EMC10 were set to 32869858
Phenotypes for gene: EMC10 were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: EMC10 was set to RED
Added comment: Homozygous variants of EMC1 are associated with GDD, scoliosis, and cerebellar atrophy, indicating the relevance of this pathway for neurogenetic disorders.

One Saudi family with 2 affected individuals with mild ID, speech delay, and GDD.
WES and Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous splice acceptor site variant (c.679‐1G>A) in EMC10 . Variant segregated within the family. RT‐qPCR showed a substantial decrease in the relative EMC10 gene expression in the patients.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5577 FBXO28 Zornitza Stark gene: FBXO28 was added
gene: FBXO28 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FBXO28 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: FBXO28 were set to 33280099
Phenotypes for gene: FBXO28 were set to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Review for gene: FBXO28 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Nine new individuals with FBXO28 pathogenic variants (four missense, including one recurrent, three nonsense, and one frameshift) and all 10 known cases reviewed to delineate the phenotypic spectrum. All had epilepsy and 9 of 10 had DEE, including infantile spasms (3) and a progressive myoclonic epilepsy (1). Median age at seizure onset was 22.5 months (range 8 months to 5 years). Nine of 10 patients had intellectual disability, which was profound in six of nine and severe in three of nine. Movement disorders occurred in eight of 10 patients, six of 10 had hypotonia, four of 10 had acquired microcephaly, and five of 10 had dysmorphic features.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5576 CFAP52 Zornitza Stark gene: CFAP52 was added
gene: CFAP52 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP52 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CFAP52 were set to 25469542; 33139725
Phenotypes for gene: CFAP52 were set to Heterotaxy
Review for gene: CFAP52 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Five unrelated families and functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5575 CFAP45 Zornitza Stark gene: CFAP45 was added
gene: CFAP45 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP45 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CFAP45 were set to 33139725
Phenotypes for gene: CFAP45 were set to Situs inversus; asthenospermia
Review for gene: CFAP45 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with bi-alleic LOF variants, mouse model recapitulated phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5574 CLCN6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCN6 was changed from BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5568 GDF6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GDF6 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5567 VPS4A Kristin Rigbye changed review comment from: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain.
1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents).
Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients.

PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly).
Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function.
"The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life."
Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain.
1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents - possibly just a simple LoF mechanism for AR inheritance).
Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients.

PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly).
Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function.

"The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life."
Mendeliome v0.5567 VPS4A Elena Savva changed review comment from: Comment when marking as ready: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain. 1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents). Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients. PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly). Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function. "The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life."; to: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain.
1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents).
Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients.

Comment when marking as ready: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain. 1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents). Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients. PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly). Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function. "The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life."
Mendeliome v0.5567 VPS4A Elena Savva Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain. 1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents). Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients. PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly). Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function. "The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life."
Mendeliome v0.5567 VPS4A Elena Savva Mode of pathogenicity for gene: VPS4A was changed from Other to Other
Mendeliome v0.5567 VPS4A Elena Savva Mode of pathogenicity for gene: VPS4A was changed from None to Other
Mendeliome v0.5558 VPS4A Kristin Rigbye gene: VPS4A was added
gene: VPS4A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS4A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: VPS4A were set to PMID: 33186543; 33186545
Phenotypes for gene: VPS4A were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder
Review for gene: VPS4A was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain.
1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents).
Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients.

PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly).
Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function.
"The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life."
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5557 AGO2 Zornitza Stark gene: AGO2 was added
gene: AGO2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: AGO2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: AGO2 were set to 33199684
Phenotypes for gene: AGO2 were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: AGO2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 21 individuals reported, five variants (p.L192P, p.G201V, p.T357M, p.M364T, p.C751Y) were recurrent. Variable ID.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5556 DAAM2 Ain Roesley gene: DAAM2 was added
gene: DAAM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DAAM2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: DAAM2 were set to steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS)
Penetrance for gene: DAAM2 were set to unknown
Review for gene: DAAM2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: - steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis on histologic analysis of kidney biopsies and foot process effacement shown by electron microscopy (authors have suggested the term nephrotic syndrome type 22 (NPHS22))
- 4 unrelated families, 3 of which were consanguineous
- 4 unique missense and 1 stop
- in vitro studies done for the missense variants
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5555 RRP7A Zornitza Stark gene: RRP7A was added
gene: RRP7A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RRP7A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RRP7A were set to 33199730
Phenotypes for gene: RRP7A were set to Microcephaly
Review for gene: RRP7A was set to AMBER
Added comment: 10 affected individuals from a single large consanguineous family where bi-allelic variant segregated with severe microcephaly (-6-8SD), variable ID. Supportive functional data from mouse and zebrafish.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5554 BICRA Paul De Fazio gene: BICRA was added
gene: BICRA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: BICRA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: BICRA were set to 33232675
Phenotypes for gene: BICRA were set to Developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder,behavioral abnormalities, dysmorphic features
Review for gene: BICRA was set to GREEN
gene: BICRA was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 12 individuals reported, 11 de novo (1 not resolved), "with neurodevelopmental phenotypes—developmental delay (HP:0001263), intellectual disability (HP:0001249), autism spectrum disorder (HP:0000729), and/or behavioral phenotypes (HP:0000708)—and variable structural birth defects and dysmorphic features". Mostly LoF or gene deletions, but 2 missense reported. Zebrafish model supports the gene-disease association.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5554 HS2ST1 Ain Roesley gene: HS2ST1 was added
gene: HS2ST1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: HS2ST1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HS2ST1 were set to 33159882
Penetrance for gene: HS2ST1 were set to unknown
Review for gene: HS2ST1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: - 4 affected from 3 unrelated families
- 3 unique missense and 2 PTCs
- Developmental Delay, Corpus Callosum Hypoplasia or Aplasia, and Skeletal and Renal Abnormalities
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5553 KDM4B Kristin Rigbye gene: KDM4B was added
gene: KDM4B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM4B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KDM4B were set to PMID: 33232677
Phenotypes for gene: KDM4B were set to Global developmental delay, intellectual disability and neuroanatomical defects
Review for gene: KDM4B was set to GREEN
Added comment: Nine individuals with mono-allelic de novo or inherited variants in KDM4B.

All individuals presented with dysmorphic features and global developmental delay (GDD) with language and motor skills most affected. Three individuals had a history of seizures, and four had anomalies on brain imaging ranging from agenesis of the corpus callosum with hydrocephalus to cystic formations, abnormal hippocampi, and polymicrogyria.

In a knockout mouse the total brain volume was significantly reduced with decreased
size of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, and ventriculomegaly.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5553 MINPP1 Zornitza Stark gene: MINPP1 was added
gene: MINPP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MINPP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MINPP1 were set to 33257696
Phenotypes for gene: MINPP1 were set to Pontocerebellar hypoplasia
Review for gene: MINPP1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 8 individuals from 6 unrelated families reported with bi-allelic LOF variants. All presented with almost complete absence of motor and cognitive development, progressive or congenital microcephaly, spastic tetraplegia or dystonia, and vision impairments. For most, the first symptoms included neonatal severe axial hypotonia and epilepsy that started during the first months or years of life. Prenatal symptoms of microcephaly associated with increased thalami echogenicity were detected in one, while the seven other individuals presented with progressive microcephaly. Some exhibited rapidly progressive phenotype and the affected children died in their infancy or middle-childhood. Strikingly, all the affected children had a unique brain MRI showing a mild to severe PCH, fluid-filled posterior fossa, with dilated lateral ventricles. In addition, severe atrophy at the level of the basal ganglia or thalami often associated with typical T2 hypersignal were identified in all the patients MRI.

Supportive functional data showing accumulation of highly phosphorylated inositols, mostly inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), detected in HEK293 cells, fibroblasts, iPSCs and differentiating neurons lacking MINPP1. In mutant cells, higher IP6 level is expected to be associated with an increased chelation of intracellular cations, such as iron or calcium, resulting in decreased levels of available ions.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5552 UNC45B Paul De Fazio gene: UNC45B was added
gene: UNC45B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: UNC45B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: UNC45B were set to 33217308
Phenotypes for gene: UNC45B were set to Progressive Myopathy with Eccentric Cores
Review for gene: UNC45B was set to GREEN
gene: UNC45B was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 10 individuals from 8 families reported with biallelic variants clinically manifesting with childhood-onset, progressive proximal and axial muscle weakness and various degrees of respiratory insufficiency. 4 missense variants and a +5 splice variant reported, p.Arg754Gln is recurrent. Functional studies support pathogenicity.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5550 DNAJB11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJB11 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5547 HHAT Zornitza Stark gene: HHAT was added
gene: HHAT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: HHAT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HHAT were set to 24784881; 30912300
Phenotypes for gene: HHAT were set to Nivelon-Nivelon-Mabille syndrome 600092
Review for gene: HHAT was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. Clinical features include progressive microcephaly, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and skeletal dysplasia. Variable features include infantile-onset seizures, dwarfism, generalized chondrodysplasia, and micromelia.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5543 H3F3B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: H3F3B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5539 H3F3A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: H3F3A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5535 ALDH7A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDH7A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5532 PRPS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PRPS1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.5531 PRPS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRPS1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.5528 HIVEP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HIVEP2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5526 YIPF5 Zornitza Stark gene: YIPF5 was added
gene: YIPF5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: YIPF5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: YIPF5 were set to 33164986
Phenotypes for gene: YIPF5 were set to Neonatal diabetes; microcephaly; seizures
Review for gene: YIPF5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Six individuals from 5 unrelated consanguineous families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and neonatal/early-onset diabetes, severe microcephaly, and epilepsy. Functional data supports gene-disease association.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5524 TFE3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TFE3 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.5521 SLC38A8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC38A8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5517 TONSL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TONSL was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5512 NPPA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NPPA was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5510 FOXA2 Zornitza Stark gene: FOXA2 was added
gene: FOXA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: FOXA2 were set to 29329447; 28973288; 11445544
Phenotypes for gene: FOXA2 were set to Hyperinsulinaemia
Review for gene: FOXA2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least two families reported and functional data.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.5507 FKBP8 Eleanor Williams gene: FKBP8 was added
gene: FKBP8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FKBP8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: FKBP8 were set to 32969478
Phenotypes for gene: FKBP8 were set to spina bifida HP:0002414
Review for gene: FKBP8 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Not associated with a phenotype in OMIM.

PMID: 32969478 - Tian et al 2020 - performed Sanger sequencing of FKBP8 on DNA samples from 472 spina bifida (SB) affected fetuses and 565 unaffected controls. 5 different rare heterozygous variants (MAF ≤ 0.001) were identified among the SB patients, while no deleterious rare variants were identified in the controls. 4 of the variants are missense, the other is a stop-gain. 2 cases were in white-Hispanic patients while the other 3 were non-white Hispanic. Functional studies showed that p.Glu140* affected FKBP8 localization to the mitochondria and impaired its interaction with BCL2 ultimately leading to an increase in cellular apoptosis. p.Ser3Leu, p.Lys315Asn and p.Ala292Ser variants decreased FKBP8 protein level. Gene expression was studied in mouse Fkbp8-/- embryos and found to be abnormal. Previous mouse models have shown neural tube defects.

Sufficient cases to rate green, but only the FKBP8 gene looked at so perhaps some caution required while further evidence is gathered.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5507 CAPN15 Eleanor Williams gene: CAPN15 was added
gene: CAPN15 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CAPN15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CAPN15 were set to 32885237
Phenotypes for gene: CAPN15 were set to microphthalmia HP:0000568; coloboma HP:0000589
Review for gene: CAPN15 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 32885237 - Zha et al 2020 - report 5 individuals with microphthalmia and/or coloboma from 4 independent families who, through WES, were identified as carrying homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants in CAPN15 that are predicted to be damanging. the variants segregated with the disease in all 4 families, with parents being unaffected heterozygous carriers. Several individuals had additional phenotypes including growth deficits (2 families), developmental delay (2 families) and hearing loss (2 families).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5505 MYF5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYF5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5502 COX16 Bryony Thompson gene: COX16 was added
gene: COX16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: COX16 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: COX16 were set to 33169484
Phenotypes for gene: COX16 were set to Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; encephalopathy; severe fatal lactic acidosis
Review for gene: COX16 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 2 unrelated patients with the same homozygous (non-consanguineous) nonsense variant c.244C>T (p.Arg82*), and isolated complex IV deficiency present in both patient fibroblasts/skeletal muscle biopsy. COX16 is involved in the biogenesis of complex IV, the terminal complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC)
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5500 KCNJ18 Zornitza Stark gene: KCNJ18 was added
gene: KCNJ18 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ18 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KCNJ18 were set to 20074522; 27008341
Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ18 were set to {Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, susceptibility to, 2}, MIM# 613239
Review for gene: KCNJ18 was set to RED
Added comment: Six variants reported in original publication, however note lack of segregation data and limited functional data. Subsequently, concerns raised about high nucleotide sequence homology between multiple potassium channel genes, with variant misattribution.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.5497 DPM3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DPM3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5494 B3GAT3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: B3GAT3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5491 SLC10A7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC10A7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5484 GPAA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GPAA1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5481 ATP7A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP7A was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.5478 PEX1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PEX1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5473 TMEM218 Bryony Thompson gene: TMEM218 was added
gene: TMEM218 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM218 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TMEM218 were set to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2020.100016; 25161209
Phenotypes for gene: TMEM218 were set to Joubert syndrome; retinal dystrophy; polycystic kidneys; occipital encephalocele
Review for gene: TMEM218 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 11 cases in 6 families with homozygous or compound heterozygous missense and nonsense (1) variants, with a Joubert/Meckel syndrome phenotype. Clinical features included the molar tooth sign (N=2), occipital encephalocele (N=5, all fetuses), retinal dystrophy (N=4, all living individuals), polycystic kidneys (N=2), and polydactyly (N=2), without liver involvement. A null mouse model had nephronophthisis and retinal degeneration. No OMIM entry.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5472 AGBL1 Zornitza Stark gene: AGBL1 was added
gene: AGBL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
disputed tags were added to gene: AGBL1.
Mode of inheritance for gene: AGBL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: AGBL1 were set to 24094747; 31555324
Phenotypes for gene: AGBL1 were set to Corneal dystrophy, Fuchs endothelial, 8, MIM# 615523
Review for gene: AGBL1 was set to RED
Added comment: Gene disease association first reported in 2013 in PMID 24094747, in a large multigenerational family. However, note the variant reported, p.Arg1028Ter is present in over 400 hets in gnomad. Another variant reported in same paper, p.Cys990Ser in three unrelated individuals, is present in over 300 hets in gnomad and 1 hom.

Two further variants reported in PMID 31555324, one is missense, p.Arg748His, present in 60 hets, and the other, p.Arg1028Ter, is present is the variant identified in the previous publication, present in over 400 hets.

These variant frequencies are out of keeping for a rare disorder.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.5470 TLE6 Zornitza Stark gene: TLE6 was added
gene: TLE6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: TLE6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TLE6 were set to 26537248; 31897846
Phenotypes for gene: TLE6 were set to Preimplantation embryonic lethality, MIM# 616814
Review for gene: TLE6 was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least 5 individuals reported with bi-allelic variants and early embryonic lethality.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.5467 OGT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OGT was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.5464 EXTL3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EXTL3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5462 SSR3 Zornitza Stark gene: SSR3 was added
gene: SSR3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SSR3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SSR3 were set to 30945312
Phenotypes for gene: SSR3 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation
Review for gene: SSR3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single individual reported with an unsolved type I CDG, intellectual disability, homozygous LOF variant in SSR3, supportive functional evidence.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5461 LCP2 Zornitza Stark gene: LCP2 was added
gene: LCP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LCP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LCP2 were set to 33231617
Phenotypes for gene: LCP2 were set to Severe combined immunodeficiency
Review for gene: LCP2 was set to RED
Added comment: Infant with bi-allelic variants in this gene and early-onset life-threatening infections, combined T and B cell immunodeficiency, severe neutrophil defects, and impaired platelet aggregation.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5458 DPM2 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DPM2: Added comment: Further unrelated individual reported, main clinical features were truncal hypotonia, hypertonicity, congenital heart defects, intellectual disability, and generalized muscle wasting.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 23109149, 33129689
Mendeliome v0.5456 ATP6V0A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP6V0A2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5453 ALG9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG9 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5450 ALG8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG8 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5449 ALG8 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Review of 15 reported individuals in PMID: 26066342: multiple prenatal abnormalities were present in 6/12 patients. In 13/15, there were symptoms at birth, 9/15 died within 12 months. Birth weight was appropriate in 11/12, only one was small for gestational age. Prematurity was reported in 7/12. Hydrops fetalis was noticed in 3, edemas in 11/13; gastrointestinal symptoms in 9/14; structural brain pathology, psychomental retardation, seizures, ataxia in 12/13, muscle hypotonia in 13/14. Common dysmorphic signs were: low set ears, macroglossia, hypertelorism, pes equinovarus, campto- and brachydactyly (13/15). In 10/11, there was coagulopathy, in 8/11 elevated transaminases; thrombocytopenia was present in 9/9. Eye involvement was reported in 9/14. CDG typical skin involvement was reported in 8/13.; to: Bi-allelic variants and CDG: Review of 15 reported individuals in PMID: 26066342. Multiple prenatal abnormalities were present in 6/12 patients. In 13/15, there were symptoms at birth, 9/15 died within 12 months. Birth weight was appropriate in 11/12, only one was small for gestational age. Prematurity was reported in 7/12. Hydrops fetalis was noticed in 3, edemas in 11/13; gastrointestinal symptoms in 9/14; structural brain pathology, psychomental retardation, seizures, ataxia in 12/13, muscle hypotonia in 13/14. Common dysmorphic signs were: low set ears, macroglossia, hypertelorism, pes equinovarus, campto- and brachydactyly (13/15). In 10/11, there was coagulopathy, in 8/11 elevated transaminases; thrombocytopenia was present in 9/9. Eye involvement was reported in 9/14. CDG typical skin involvement was reported in 8/13.
Mendeliome v0.5447 ALG8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5444 ALG3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5437 HOXA4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HOXA4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5433 ASTE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ASTE1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5429 SMARCA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMARCA1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.5424 TCHH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TCHH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5420 CRTAP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CRTAP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5417 USP9X Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: USP9X was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.5414 ALG6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5410 RORB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RORB was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5408 MYL9 Zornitza Stark gene: MYL9 was added
gene: MYL9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MYL9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MYL9 were set to 29453416; 33031641
Phenotypes for gene: MYL9 were set to Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome
Review for gene: MYL9 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5403 PHYKPL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PHYKPL was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5398 POLE Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: POLE was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.5397 POLE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POLE was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5396 POLE Zornitza Stark Tag deep intronic tag was added to gene: POLE.
Mendeliome v0.5394 OFD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OFD1 was changed from Unknown to Other
Mendeliome v0.5392 NARS Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: NARS.
Mendeliome v0.5392 ANAPC1 Zornitza Stark Tag deep intronic tag was added to gene: ANAPC1.
Mendeliome v0.5390 DZIP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DZIP1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5387 DZIP1 Zornitza Stark gene: DZIP1 was added
gene: DZIP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DZIP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DZIP1 were set to 31118289
Phenotypes for gene: DZIP1 were set to Mitral valve prolapse
Review for gene: DZIP1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One large 4-generation family reported, where missense variant segregated with disease. Two additional individuals identified from a cohort. All variants present at low frequency in population databases. Mouse model recapitulated phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5385 ADH5 Zornitza Stark gene: ADH5 was added
gene: ADH5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ADH5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ADH5 were set to 33147438
Phenotypes for gene: ADH5 were set to Aplastic anaemia; myelodysplasia; short stature
Review for gene: ADH5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 7 individuals reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and a Fanconi syndrome-like phenotype. All had aplastic anaemia, 4 developed a myelodysplastic syndrome, and one developed AML. Short stature and abnormal skin pigmentation were additional features.

Note, all also had the ALDH2*2 allele, which is common in East Asian populations, and may be contributory.

Extensive experimental data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5382 NPHS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NPHS2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5381 LRIF1 Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: A single consanguineous case with a homozygous truncating variant. DZ4Z hypomethylation and increased DUX expression was present in patient cells. siRNA-mediated depletion of LRIF1L in immortalized myoblasts derepressed the DUX4 locus.
Sources: Literature; to: A single consanguineous case with a homozygous truncating variant, and D4Z4 repeat of 13 units on a 4qA haplotype (permissive haplotype). DZ4Z hypomethylation and increased DUX expression was present in patient cells. siRNA-mediated depletion of LRIF1L in immortalized myoblasts derepressed the DUX4 locus.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5380 LRIF1 Bryony Thompson gene: LRIF1 was added
gene: LRIF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LRIF1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LRIF1 were set to 32467133
Phenotypes for gene: LRIF1 were set to Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Review for gene: LRIF1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A single consanguineous case with a homozygous truncating variant. DZ4Z hypomethylation and increased DUX expression was present in patient cells. siRNA-mediated depletion of LRIF1L in immortalized myoblasts derepressed the DUX4 locus.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5374 RLIM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RLIM was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.5372 DNAH2 Zornitza Stark gene: DNAH2 was added
gene: DNAH2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAH2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DNAH2 were set to 30811583
Phenotypes for gene: DNAH2 were set to Spermatogenic failure 45, MIM# 619094
Review for gene: DNAH2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5369 FGFR1 Zornitza Stark Tag somatic tag was added to gene: FGFR1.
Mendeliome v0.5367 FGFR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: FGFR1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.5366 FGFR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FGFR1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5363 B4GALT7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: B4GALT7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5362 B4GALT7 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: B4GALT7.
Mendeliome v0.5359 KCNQ2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KCNQ2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.5358 KCNQ2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNQ2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5356 ADAR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAR was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5351 SCD5 Zornitza Stark gene: SCD5 was added
gene: SCD5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SCD5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SCD5 were set to 31972369
Phenotypes for gene: SCD5 were set to Deafness, autosomal dominant 79, MIM#619086
Review for gene: SCD5 was set to RED
Added comment: Single 5-generation family reported with a missense variant segregating in 19 affected individuals. Variant is found at a low frequency in ExAC.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5345 OCLN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OCLN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5342 JAM3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: JAM3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5339 NCKAP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NCKAP1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5336 ACAD9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACAD9 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5332 ALDOB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDOB was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5329 ARL2 Zornitza Stark gene: ARL2 was added
gene: ARL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ARL2 were set to 30945270
Phenotypes for gene: ARL2 were set to Microcornea, rod-cone dystrophy, cataract, and posterior staphyloma-1 (MRCS1), MIM#619082
Review for gene: ARL2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported, missense variant segregating with structural eye abnormalities in 4 individuals (father and three daughters).
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5324 UNC80 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UNC80 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5323 ZFHX4 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: ZFHX4.
Mendeliome v0.5320 CARD8 Zornitza Stark gene: CARD8 was added
gene: CARD8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: CARD8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CARD8 were set to 29408806
Phenotypes for gene: CARD8 were set to Inflammatory bowel disease-30, MIM#619079
Review for gene: CARD8 was set to RED
Added comment: Two individuals from one family reported segregating a missense variant, dominant negative effect postulated.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5315 ZFHX4 Bryony Thompson gene: ZFHX4 was added
gene: ZFHX4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZFHX4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ZFHX4 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: ZFHX4 were set to Developmental disorders
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 16 de novo variants (5 frameshift, 5 missense, 4 stopgain, 2 synonymous) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5313 UPF1 Bryony Thompson gene: UPF1 was added
gene: UPF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: UPF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: UPF1 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: UPF1 were set to Developmental disorders
Review for gene: UPF1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 16 de novo variants (1 frameshift, 11 missense, 4 synonymous) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5311 U2AF2 Bryony Thompson gene: U2AF2 was added
gene: U2AF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: U2AF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: U2AF2 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: U2AF2 were set to Developmental disorders
Review for gene: U2AF2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 10 de novo variants (1 in-frame, 8 missense, 1 synoymous) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5307 TCF7L2 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: TCF7L2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5304 SRRM2 Bryony Thompson gene: SRRM2 was added
gene: SRRM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SRRM2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SRRM2 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: SRRM2 were set to Developmental disorders
Review for gene: SRRM2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 28 de novo variants (11 frameshift, 7 missense, 1 splice acceptor, 5 stopgain, 4 synonymous) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5302 SPEN Bryony Thompson gene: SPEN was added
gene: SPEN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPEN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SPEN were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: SPEN were set to Developmental disorders
Review for gene: SPEN was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 25 de novo variants (6 frameshift, 1 in-frame, 7 missense, 8 stopgain, 3 synonymous) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5300 SATB1 Bryony Thompson gene: SATB1 was added
gene: SATB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SATB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SATB1 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: SATB1 were set to Developmental disorders
Review for gene: SATB1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 12 de novo (2 frameshift, 7 missense, 1 stopgain, 2 synonymous) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5298 RAB14 Bryony Thompson gene: RAB14 was added
gene: RAB14 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB14 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RAB14 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: RAB14 were set to Developmental disorders
Review for gene: RAB14 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 8 de novo variants (1 in-frame, 7 missense) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5296 PSMC5 Bryony Thompson gene: PSMC5 was added
gene: PSMC5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMC5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PSMC5 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: PSMC5 were set to Developmental disorders
Review for gene: PSMC5 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 10 de novo variants (1 in-frame, 9 missense) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5293 PRPF8 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: PRPF8 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5290 MSL2 Bryony Thompson gene: MSL2 was added
gene: MSL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MSL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MSL2 were set to 31332282; 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: MSL2 were set to Developmental disorders; autism
Review for gene: MSL2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 13 de novo variants (9 frameshift, 4 missense) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
PMID: 31332282 - candidate gene in a single autism study, with recurrent de novo variants in a potential oligogenic model
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5288 MMGT1 Bryony Thompson gene: MMGT1 was added
gene: MMGT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MMGT1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MMGT1 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: MMGT1 were set to Developmental disorders
Review for gene: MMGT1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 3 de novo missense identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5285 MIB1 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: MIB1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5283 MFN2 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: MFN2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5281 KCNK3 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNK3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5279 HNRNPD Bryony Thompson gene: HNRNPD was added
gene: HNRNPD was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: HNRNPD was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: HNRNPD were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPD were set to Developmental disorders
Review for gene: HNRNPD was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 8 de novo variants (5 frameshift, 1 missense, 1 splice acceptor, 1 synonymous) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5276 PLXND1 Zornitza Stark gene: PLXND1 was added
gene: PLXND1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLXND1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PLXND1 were set to 26068067
Phenotypes for gene: PLXND1 were set to Möbius syndrome
Review for gene: PLXND1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: De novo variants in 3 unrelated individuals with Moebius syndrome with some functional evidence.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5274 MYMK Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: MYMK.
Mendeliome v0.5273 ECEL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ECEL1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5272 PRKG2 Arina Puzriakova gene: PRKG2 was added
gene: PRKG2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKG2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PRKG2 were set to 33106379
Phenotypes for gene: PRKG2 were set to Acromesomelic dysplasia
Review for gene: PRKG2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: - PMID: 33106379 (2020) - Distinct homozygous variants in PRKG2 identified in two unrelated individuals, both with a skeletal dysplasia associated with severe short stature due to acromesomelic limb shortening, brachydactyly, mild to moderate platyspondyly and progressively increasing metaphyseal alterations of the long bones.

Functional studies showed both variants result in NMD and disrupt the downstream MAPK signalling pathway in response to FGF2. The role of cGKII, encoded by PRKG2, in skeletal growth has been established in several animal models (references provided in paper).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5270 FOXP4 Zornitza Stark gene: FOXP4 was added
gene: FOXP4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXP4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: FOXP4 were set to 33110267
Phenotypes for gene: FOXP4 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder; multiple congenital abnormalities
Review for gene: FOXP4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Eight unrelated individuals reported, seven de novo missense, and one individual with a truncating variant. Detailed phenotypic information available on 6. Overlapping features included speech and language delays, growth abnormalities, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (2/6), cervical spine abnormalities, and ptosis. Intellectual disability described as mild in 2, some had normal intellect despite the early speech and language delays.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5268 ASAH1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ASAH1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5262 ALK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALK was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5258 DHX32 Dean Phelan gene: DHX32 was added
gene: DHX32 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DHX32 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DHX32 were set to PMID: 32989326
Phenotypes for gene: DHX32 were set to Intellectual disability, spastic diplegia, dystonia, brain abnormalities
Review for gene: DHX32 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 32989326 - Large cohort study of cerebral palsy cases identified two de novo variants in two unrelated patients with intellectual disability, one with spastic diplegia, and the other characterised as generalised dystonia. Brain abnormalities were identified also.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5257 FBXO31 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: FBXO31 was changed from None to Other
Mendeliome v0.5256 FBXO31 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FBXO31 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5252 NHLRC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NHLRC2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5251 RHOB Crystle Lee gene: RHOB was added
gene: RHOB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: RHOB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: RHOB were set to 32989326
Phenotypes for gene: RHOB were set to Cerebral Palsy (PMID:32989326)
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: RHOB was set to Other
Review for gene: RHOB was set to AMBER
Added comment: Candidate disease-causing gene for CP. Recurrent de novo missense variant reported in 2 unrelated families with supporting functional studies.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5250 CTLA4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CTLA4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5247 VIM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VIM was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5243 ITPR3 Zornitza Stark gene: ITPR3 was added
gene: ITPR3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ITPR3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ITPR3 were set to 32949214
Phenotypes for gene: ITPR3 were set to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Review for gene: ITPR3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported: variant segregated in four affected individuals in one family and was de novo in the second family where there was a single affected person. Some evidence for dominant-negative effect.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5240 AMOTL1 Zornitza Stark gene: AMOTL1 was added
gene: AMOTL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: AMOTL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: AMOTL1 were set to 33026150
Phenotypes for gene: AMOTL1 were set to Cleft lip and palate; imperforate anus; dysmorphism
Review for gene: AMOTL1 was set to RED
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. In one, the variant was identified in parent and child who had orofacial cleft and cardiac abnormalities. Second report in PMID 33026150, de novo missense variant and cleft lip/palate, imperforate anus and dysmorphism. Mouse model does not recapitulate phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5238 KIRREL1 Zornitza Stark gene: KIRREL1 was added
gene: KIRREL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIRREL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KIRREL1 were set to 31472902
Phenotypes for gene: KIRREL1 were set to Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
Review for gene: KIRREL1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants and limited functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5236 GFRA1 Zornitza Stark gene: GFRA1 was added
gene: GFRA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GFRA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GFRA1 were set to 33020172
Phenotypes for gene: GFRA1 were set to Renal agenesis
Review for gene: GFRA1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with bi-allelic LOF variants identified in individuals with bilateral renal agenesis. GFRA1 gene encodes a receptor on the Wolffian duct that regulates ureteric bud outgrowth in the development of a functional renal system.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5234 GIGYF1 Bryony Thompson gene: GIGYF1 was added
gene: GIGYF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GIGYF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: GIGYF1 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: GIGYF1 were set to Developmental disorder
Review for gene: GIGYF1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio study from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. 14 de novo variants (4 frameshift, 5 missense, 1 splice donor, 3 stopgain, 1 synonymous) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5232 FBXW7 Bryony Thompson gene: FBXW7 was added
gene: FBXW7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FBXW7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: FBXW7 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: FBXW7 were set to Developmental disorder
Review for gene: FBXW7 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio developmental disorder study. 12 de novo missense and 1 de novo synonymous variant identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided)
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5229 PRKAR1B Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: PRKAR1B was added
gene: PRKAR1B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKAR1B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: PRKAR1B were set to https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.10.20190314; 25414040
Phenotypes for gene: PRKAR1B were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Aggressive behavior; Abnormality of movement; Upslanted palpebral fissure
Penetrance for gene: PRKAR1B were set to unknown
Review for gene: PRKAR1B was set to AMBER
Added comment: Please consider inclusion of this gene with amber rating pending publication of the preprint and/or additional evidence.

Marbach et al. (2020 - medRxiv : https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.10.20190314 - last author : C. Schaaf) report 6 unrelated individuals with heterozygous missense PRKAR1B variants.

All presented formal ASD diagnosis (6/6), global developmental delay (6/6) and intellectual disability (all - formal evaluations were lacking though). Additional features included neurologic anomalies (movement disorders : dyspraxia, apraxia, clumsiness in all, with tremor/dystonia or involuntary movements as single occurrences). Three displayed high pain tolerance. Regression in speech was a feature in two. Additional behavior anomalies included ADHD (4-5/6) or aggression (3/6). There was no consistent pattern of malformations, physical anomalies or facial features (with the exception of uplsanted palpebral fissures reported in 4).

3 different missense variants were identified (NM_00116470:c.1003C>T - p.Arg335Trp, c.586G>A - p.Glu196Lys, c.500_501delAAinsTT - p.Gln167Leu) with Arg355Trp being a recurrent one within this cohort (4/6 subjects). A possible splicing effect may apply for the MNV. All variants are absent from gnomAD and the SNVs had CADD scores > 24.

In all cases were parental samples were available (5/6), the variant had occurred as a de novo event.

Protein kinase A (PKA) is a tetrameric holoenzyme formed by the association of 2 catalytic (C) subunits with a regulatory (R) subunit dimer. Activation of PKA is achieved through binding of 2 cAMP molecules to each R-subunit, and unleashing(/dissociation) of C-subunits to engage substrates. PRKACA/B genes encode the Cα- and Cβ-subunits while the 4 functionally non-redundant regulatory subunits are encoded by PRKAR1A/1B/2A/2B genes. As the authors comment, the RIβ subunit is primarily expressed in brain with higher expression in cortex and hypothalamus.

The functional consequences of the variants at cellular level were not studied.

Previous studies have demonstrated that downregulation of RIβ in murine hippocampal cultures, reduced phosphorylation of CREB, a transcription factor involved in long-term memory formation. The authors speculate that a similar effect on cAMP/PKA/CREB cascade may mediate the cognitive effects in humans. RIβ deficient mice also display diminished nociceptive pain, similar to the human phenotype. [Several refs provided].

The authors cite the study by Kaplanis et al (2020 - PMID: 33057194), where in a large sample of 31,058 trio exomes of children with developmental disorders, PRKAR1B was among the genes with significant enrichment for de novo missense variants. [The gene has a pLI score of 0.18 in gnomAD / o/e = 0.26 - so pLoF variants may not be deleterious].

Please note that a specific PRKAR1B variant (NM_002735.2:c.149T>G - p.Leu50Arg) has been previous reported to segregate with a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dementia and/or parkinsonism within a large pedigree with 12 affected individuals [Wong et al 2014 - PMID: 25414040].
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5227 NR1H4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NR1H4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5224 PTF1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PTF1A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5222 MPP5 Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: MPP5 was added
gene: MPP5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MPP5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: MPP5 were set to 33073849
Phenotypes for gene: MPP5 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Delayed speech and language development; Developmental regression; Behavioral abnormality
Penetrance for gene: MPP5 were set to unknown
Review for gene: MPP5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Sterling et al (2020 - PMID: 33073849) provide information on the phenotype of 3 individuals with de novo MPP5 variants.

Common features included global developmental delay, intellectual disability (3/3 - severe in 2/3), speech delay/regression (the latter in at least 2) and behavioral abnormalities. Variable other features were reported, among others microcephaly (1/3), abnormal vision (1/3 : CVI, retinal dystrophy, nystagmus), brain MRI abnormalities (2/3), late-onset seizures (1/3). These subjects displayed variable and non-specific dysmorphic features.

All were investigated by exome sequencing (previous investigations not mentioned).

One subject was found to harbor a de novo mosaic (5/25 reads) stopgain variant, further confirmed by Sanger sequencing [NM_022474.4:c.1555C>T - p.(Arg519Ter). The specific variant is reported once in gnomAD (1/251338). Two de novo missense variants were identified in the remaining individuals [c.1289A>G - p.Glu430Gly / c.974A>C - p.His325Pro). All variants had in silico predictions in favor of a deleterious effect (CADD score >24).

The authors comment that MPP5 encodes an apical complex protein with asymmetric localization to the apical side of polarized cells. It is expressed in brain, peripheral nervous system and other tissues. MPP5 is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family of proteins (MAGUK p55 subfamily), determining cell polarity at tight junctions.

Previous animal models suggest that complete Mpp5(Pals1) KO in mice leads to near absence of cerebral cortical neurons. Htz KO display reduction in size of cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The gene is expressed in proliferating cell populations of cerebellum and important for establishment cerebellar architecture. Conditional KO of Mpp5(Pals1) in retinal progenitor cells mimics the retinal pathology observed in LCA. [Several refs. provided]

The authors studied a heterozygous CNS-specific Mpp5 KO mouse model. These mice presented microcephaly, decreased cerebellar volume and cortical thickness, decreased ependymal cells and Mpp5 at the apical surface of cortical vertrical zone. The proportion of cortical cells undergoing apoptotic cell death was increased. Mice displayed behavioral abnormalities (hyperactivity) and visual deficits, with ERG traces further suggesting retinal blindness.

Overall the mouse model was thought to recapitulate the behavioral abnormalities observed in affected subjects as well as individual rare features such as microcephaly and abnormal vision.

Haploinsufficiency (rather than a dominant negative effect) is favored as the underlying disease mechanism. This is also in line with a dose dependent effect observed in mice.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5220 AKR1D1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AKR1D1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5217 SCYL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCYL1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5214 SLC30A10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC30A10 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5212 DDX23 Bryony Thompson gene: DDX23 was added
gene: DDX23 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DDX23 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DDX23 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: DDX23 were set to Developmental disorder
Review for gene: DDX23 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio developmental disorder study. 6 de novo missense identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided)
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5210 ATP6V0A1 Bryony Thompson gene: ATP6V0A1 was added
gene: ATP6V0A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP6V0A1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ATP6V0A1 were set to 30842224; 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: ATP6V0A1 were set to Developmental disorder; Rett syndrome-like
Review for gene: ATP6V0A1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 33057194 - Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio developmental disorder study. 11 de novo missense identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
PMID: 30842224 - identified a de novo missense variant in a single individual with atypical Rett syndrome phenotype
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5208 ARHGAP35 Bryony Thompson gene: ARHGAP35 was added
gene: ARHGAP35 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARHGAP35 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ARHGAP35 were set to 33057194
Phenotypes for gene: ARHGAP35 were set to Developmental disorder
Review for gene: ARHGAP35 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Has been identified as a gene with significant de novo enrichment in a large trio developmental disorder study. 16 de novo variants (3 frameshift, 2 in-frame, 10 missense, 1 stopgain) identified in ~10,000 cases with developmental disorders (no other phenotype info provided).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5206 AP2S1 Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: AP2S1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5202 ASCL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ASCL1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5197 KDELR2 Zornitza Stark gene: KDELR2 was added
gene: KDELR2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: KDELR2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KDELR2 were set to 33053334
Phenotypes for gene: KDELR2 were set to Increased susceptibility to fractures; joint hypermobility; Scoliosis; Bowing of the legs; Bowing of the arms
Review for gene: KDELR2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 families with osteogenesis imperfecta reported with functional studies.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5194 SCN8A Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SCN8A was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.5193 SCN8A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCN8A was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5186 NUS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NUS1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5183 COG8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COG8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5180 HBB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HBB was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5179 ISPD Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: ISPD.
Mendeliome v0.5176 RAD51D Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAD51D was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5172 TPO Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TPO was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5166 VAC14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VAC14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5161 COL25A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL25A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5157 KIF21A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF21A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5154 NDUFAF6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFAF6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5151 WNT5A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WNT5A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5148 CYP3A4 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CYP3A4 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.5147 CYP3A4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP3A4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5144 KCTD17 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCTD17 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5143 TAF1 Zornitza Stark Tag deep intronic tag was added to gene: TAF1.
Tag founder tag was added to gene: TAF1.
Mendeliome v0.5141 TAF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TAF1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.5139 CTNNA3 Bryony Thompson gene: CTNNA3 was added
gene: CTNNA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: ClinGen
Mode of inheritance for gene: CTNNA3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CTNNA3 were set to 23136403; 21254927; 22421363; 30415094; 31539150
Phenotypes for gene: CTNNA3 were set to Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 13 MIM#615616
Review for gene: CTNNA3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Gene is classified as Limited by the ClinGen ARVC GCEP (Classification - 08/06/2019). PMID: 23136403 - an assumed de novo missense (V94D) was identified in an Italian proband with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. An inframe deletion (Leu765del) was identified in a proband with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, and was also present in the proband's asymptomatic father and paternal aunt, who had mild right ventricular dilation on echocardiography and increased trabeculations in the right ventricular apex on MRI, respectively, as well as in the aunt's asymptomatic son. There was supporting in vitro functional assay evidence for both variants. PMID: 21254927 - a missense variant was found in one of 55 Danish ARVD patients, but was found 37 times in 276,338 (1 homozygous) reference alleles in gnomAD making it less likely as a causal variant. PMID: 22421363 - null mice exhibit progressive dilated cardiomyopathy, gap junction remodelling, and increased sensitivity to ventricular arrhythmia following acute ischaemia, but not spontaneous ARVC. Additional publications identified - PMID: 30415094 - a VUS identified in a sudden unexpected death case with slight LV hypertrophy. PMID: 31539150 - 2 VUS and a nonsense variant identified in 3 probands with atrial fibrillation, with the nonsense variant segregating in an affected first-degree relative.
Sources: ClinGen
Mendeliome v0.5137 UBE3A Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: UBE3A.
Mendeliome v0.5136 UBE3A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UBE3A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, paternally imprinted (maternal allele expressed)
Mendeliome v0.5133 CHRNE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHRNE was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5130 COLQ Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COLQ was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5123 APOPT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: APOPT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5121 COX4I1 Zornitza Stark gene: COX4I1 was added
gene: COX4I1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: COX4I1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: COX4I1 were set to 28766551; 22592081; 31290619
Phenotypes for gene: COX4I1 were set to Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 16, MIM#619060
Review for gene: COX4I1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported.

Two more variants reported in PMID: 22592081: one is non-coding and the other rare missense, appear to have been identified in separate individuals, i.e. heterozygous in each individual.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5116 PET100 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PET100 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5115 PET100 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: PET100.
Mendeliome v0.5113 COX20 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COX20 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5109 TACO1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TACO1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5106 CNGA2 Zornitza Stark gene: CNGA2 was added
gene: CNGA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CNGA2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: CNGA2 were set to 28572688
Phenotypes for gene: CNGA2 were set to Congenital anosmia
Review for gene: CNGA2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single multiplex family with high-impact variant segregating with anosmia.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5103 COX6B1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COX6B1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5102 PRKACB Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: PRKACB was added
gene: PRKACB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKACB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: PRKACB were set to 33058759
Phenotypes for gene: PRKACB were set to Postaxial hand polydactyly; Postaxial foot polydactyly; Common atrium; Atrioventricular canal defect; Narrow chest; Abnormality of the teeth; Intellectual disability
Penetrance for gene: PRKACB were set to unknown
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PRKACB was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Review for gene: PRKACB was set to GREEN
Added comment: Palencia-Campos et al (2020 - PMID: 33058759) report on the phenotype of 3 individuals heterozygous for PRKACA and 4 individuals heterozygous for PRKACB pathogenic variants.

The most characteristic features in all individuals with PRKACA/PRKACB mutation, included postaxial polydactyly of hands (6/7 bilateral, 1/7 unilateral) and feet (4/7 bilateral, 1/7 unilateral), brachydactyly and congenital heart defects (CHD 5/7) namely a common atrium or AVSD. Two individuals with PRKACA variant who did not have CHD had offspring with the same variant and an AVSD.

Other variably occurring features included short stature, limbs, narrow chest, abnormal teeth, oral frenula, nail dysplasia. One individual with PRKACB variant presented tumors.

Intellectual disability was reported in 2/4 individuals with PRKACB variant (1/4: mild, 1/4: severe). The 3 individuals with PRKACA variant did not present ID.

As the phenotype was overall suggestive of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (or the allelic Weyers acrofacial dysostosis), although these diagnoses were ruled out following analysis of EVC and EVC2 genes.

WES was carried out in all.

PRKACA : A single heterozygous missense variant was identified in 3 individuals from 3 families (NM_002730.4:c.409G>A / p.Gly137Arg) with 1 of the probands harboring the variant in mosaic state (28% of reads) and having 2 similarly affected offspring. The variant was de novo in one individual and inherited in a third one having a similarly affected fetus (narrow thorax, postaxial polyd, AVSD).

PRKACB : 4 different variants were identified (NM_002731.3: p.His88Arg/Asn, p.Gly235Arg, c.161C>T - p.Ser54Leu). One of the individuals was mosaic for the latter variant, while in all other cases the variant had occurred de novo.

Protein kinase A (PKA) is a tetrameric holoenzyme formed by the association of 2 catalytic (C) subunits with a regulatory (R) subunit dimer. Activation of PKA is achieved through binding of 2 cAMP molecules to each R-subunit, and unleashing(/dissociation) of C-subunits to engage substrates. PRKACA/B genes encode the Cα- and Cβ-subunits while the 4 functionally non-redundant regulatory subunits are encoded by PRKAR1A/1B/2A/2B genes.

The authors provide evidence that the variants confer increased sensitivity of PKA holoenzymes to activation by cAMP (compared to wt).

By performing ectopic expression of wt or mt PRKACA/B (variants studied : PRKACA p.Gly137Arg / PRKACB p.Gly235Arg) in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, the authors demonstrate that inhibition of hedgehog signaling likely underlyies the developmental defects observed in affected individuals.

As for PRKACA, the authors cite another study where a 31-month old female with EvC syndrome diagnosis was found to harbor the aforementioned variant (NM_001304349.1:c.637G>A:p.Gly213Arg corresponding to NM_002730.4:c.409G>A / p.Gly137Arg) as a de novo event. Without additional evidence at the time, the variant was considered to be a candidate for this subject's phenotype (Monies et al 2019 – PMID: 31130284).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5102 PRKACA Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: PRKACA was added
gene: PRKACA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKACA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: PRKACA were set to 33058759; 31130284
Phenotypes for gene: PRKACA were set to Postaxial hand polydactyly; Postaxial foot polydactyly; Common atrium; Atrioventricular canal defect; Narrow chest; Abnormality of the teeth; Intellectual disability
Penetrance for gene: PRKACA were set to unknown
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PRKACA was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Review for gene: PRKACA was set to GREEN
Added comment: Palencia-Campos et al (2020 - PMID: 33058759) report on the phenotype of 3 individuals heterozygous for PRKACA and 4 individuals heterozygous for PRKACB pathogenic variants.

The most characteristic features in all individuals with PRKACA/PRKACB mutation, included postaxial polydactyly of hands (6/7 bilateral, 1/7 unilateral) and feet (4/7 bilateral, 1/7 unilateral), brachydactyly and congenital heart defects (CHD 5/7) namely a common atrium or AVSD. Two individuals with PRKACA variant who did not have CHD had offspring with the same variant and an AVSD.

Other variably occurring features included short stature, limbs, narrow chest, abnormal teeth, oral frenula, nail dysplasia. One individual with PRKACB variant presented tumors.

Intellectual disability was reported in 2/4 individuals with PRKACB variant (1/4: mild, 1/4: severe). The 3 individuals with PRKACA variant did not present ID.

As the phenotype was overall suggestive of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (or the allelic Weyers acrofacial dysostosis), although these diagnoses were ruled out following analysis of EVC and EVC2 genes.

WES was carried out in all.

PRKACA : A single heterozygous missense variant was identified in 3 individuals from 3 families (NM_002730.4:c.409G>A / p.Gly137Arg) with 1 of the probands harboring the variant in mosaic state (28% of reads) and having 2 similarly affected offspring. The variant was de novo in one individual and inherited in a third one having a similarly affected fetus (narrow thorax, postaxial polyd, AVSD).

PRKACB : 4 different variants were identified (NM_002731.3: p.His88Arg/Asn, p.Gly235Arg, c.161C>T - p.Ser54Leu). One of the individuals was mosaic for the latter variant, while in all other cases the variant had occurred de novo.

Protein kinase A (PKA) is a tetrameric holoenzyme formed by the association of 2 catalytic (C) subunits with a regulatory (R) subunit dimer. Activation of PKA is achieved through binding of 2 cAMP molecules to each R-subunit, and unleashing(/dissociation) of C-subunits to engage substrates. PRKACA/B genes encode the Cα- and Cβ-subunits while the 4 functionally non-redundant regulatory subunits are encoded by PRKAR1A/1B/2A/2B genes.

The authors provide evidence that the variants confer increased sensitivity of PKA holoenzymes to activation by cAMP (compared to wt).

By performing ectopic expression of wt or mt PRKACA/B (variants studied : PRKACA p.Gly137Arg / PRKACB p.Gly235Arg) in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, the authors demonstrate that inhibition of hedgehog signaling likely underlyies the developmental defects observed in affected individuals.

As for PRKACA, the authors cite another study where a 31-month old female with EvC syndrome diagnosis was found to harbor the aforementioned variant (NM_001304349.1:c.637G>A:p.Gly213Arg corresponding to NM_002730.4:c.409G>A / p.Gly137Arg) as a de novo event. Without additional evidence at the time, the variant was considered to be a candidate for this subject's phenotype (Monies et al 2019 – PMID: 31130284).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5100 SCO1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCO1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5097 COX10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COX10 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5094 GFPT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GFPT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5093 BMP7 Zornitza Stark gene: BMP7 was added
gene: BMP7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: BMP7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: BMP7 were set to 32266521; 24429398
Phenotypes for gene: BMP7 were set to Non-syndromic metopic craniosynostosis
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: BMP7 was set to Other
Review for gene: BMP7 was set to RED
Added comment: Non-syndromic metopic craniosynostosis: PMID 32266521 reports rs6127972 as a susceptibility SNP for non-syndromic metopic craniosynostosis

CAKUT: PMID 24429398 1 family with mouse model in large cohort of CAKUT.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5090 SMARCC1 Zornitza Stark gene: SMARCC1 was added
gene: SMARCC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SMARCC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SMARCC1 were set to 33077954
Phenotypes for gene: SMARCC1 were set to Congenital hydrocephalus
Review for gene: SMARCC1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three de novo variants, two LOF, one missense, reported in this hydrocephalus cohort.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5087 SLC18A3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC18A3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5083 SYT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SYT2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5080 CHAT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHAT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5079 ALG2 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: ALG2.
Mendeliome v0.5077 ALG2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5073 AGRN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AGRN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5070 DPH1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DPH1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5060 AFF2 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: AFF2.
Tag STR tag was added to gene: AFF2.
Mendeliome v0.5058 AFF2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AFF2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5055 AUTS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AUTS2 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5055 AUTS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AUTS2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5054 AUTS2 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: AUTS2.
Mendeliome v0.5052 ZEB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZEB2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5050 ITSN2 Elena Savva gene: ITSN2 was added
gene: ITSN2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ITSN2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ITSN2 were set to PMID: 29773874
Phenotypes for gene: ITSN2 were set to Nephrotic syndrome
Review for gene: ITSN2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 29773874: 2 families (3 patients) with homozygous missense or chet missense/PTC + null mice recapitulating the human phenotype.
Functional analysis of all variants shows an inability for Cdc42 activation as shown by wildtype overexpression
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5050 PI4K2A Zornitza Stark gene: PI4K2A was added
gene: PI4K2A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PI4K2A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PI4K2A were set to 32418222
Phenotypes for gene: PI4K2A were set to Cutis laxa, intellectual disability, movement disorder
Review for gene: PI4K2A was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported with homozygous missense variant and functional data including mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5047 NR5A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NR5A1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5044 HECW2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: HECW2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.5043 HECW2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HECW2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.5042 ARHGEF9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARHGEF9 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.5039 ZMYND10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZMYND10 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5036 SPAG1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPAG1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5033 MMP21 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MMP21 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5030 DNAAF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAAF1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5027 LRRC6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LRRC6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5024 GAS8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GAS8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5021 DNAI2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAI2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5018 DNAI1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAI1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5014 DNAAF5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAAF5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5011 DNAAF3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAAF3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5008 RAB27A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB27A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5005 DNAAF2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAAF2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.5003 PPP1R13L Zornitza Stark gene: PPP1R13L was added
gene: PPP1R13L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP1R13L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PPP1R13L were set to 32666529; 28864777
Phenotypes for gene: PPP1R13L were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy, onset in infancy
Review for gene: PPP1R13L was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four families reported in PMID 28864777, but same homozygous variant, identity by descent. Five unrelated families reported in PMID 32666529. Severe progressive DCM with onset in infancy.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.5000 CCNO Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CCNO was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4998 CSNK1G1 Zornitza Stark gene: CSNK1G1 was added
gene: CSNK1G1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CSNK1G1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CSNK1G1 were set to 33009664
Phenotypes for gene: CSNK1G1 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Seizures
Review for gene: CSNK1G1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Borderline Green/Amber rating.

Gold et al (2020 - PMID: 33009664) report 5 individuals with CSNK1G1 variants, including updated information on a previously reported subject (Martin et al 2014 - PMID: 24463883).

Features included DD (5/5) with associated expressive language delay, ASD (in at least 3/5), seizures (2/5), dysmorphic facial features (4/5 arched eyebrows, 3/5 prominent central incisors, 2/5 epicanthus) and limb anomalies (2/5 - proximally placed thumb, 5th f. clinodactyly, asymmetric overgrowth - the other individual had tapering fingers). GI problems were observed in 4/5. Two individuals had macrocephaly and one had microcephaly. There was no formal developmental assessment although ID might be implied in at least 3 individuals (p1: 20y - single words/regression in walking following a seizure episode, p2: 8y - first words at 5y, assistance to feed, dress and bathe, ASD, p4: 13y - regression, assistance to feed and dress).

CSNK1G1 encodes the gamma-1 isoform of casein kinase 1, a protein involved in growth and cell morphogenesis. The gene has ubiquitous expression, incl. brain. As commented, in brain it regulates phosphorylation of NMDA receptors, playing a role in synaptic transmission (4 articles cited).

One individual had a 1.2 kb deletion spanning exon 3 of CSNK1G1 [chr15:64550952-64552120 - GRCh37]. Parental samples were unavailable for this individual. Four individuals were found to harbor de novo CSNK1G1 variants [NM_022048.3: c.688C>T - p.(Arg230Trp) dn | c.1255C>T - p.(Gln419*) dn | c.1214+5G>A dn with in silico predictions in favor of splice disruption | c.419C>T - p.(Thr140Met) dn].

Arg230Trp is however present once in gnomAD. The stopgain variant is located in the last exon and predicted to skip NMD.

There were no variant studies performed.

The Drosophila gish gene encodes a CK1γ homolog with preferential expression in the mushroom body. Heterozygous and homozygous mutants exhibit impairment in memory retention, more severe in homozygous flies. gish was also identified as a seizure modifier in a fly epilepsy model (heterozygous para mt flies).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4995 LMNB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LMNB2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4989 CCDC40 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC40 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4986 CCDC39 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC39 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4983 CCDC151 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC151 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4980 CCDC114 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC114 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4977 CCDC103 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC103 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4976 CCDC103 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: CCDC103.
Mendeliome v0.4974 GARS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GARS was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4973 GARS Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: GARS.
Mendeliome v0.4971 SELENON Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SELENON was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4969 TNNT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNNT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4966 TNNT3 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TNNT3 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.4965 TNNT3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNNT3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4964 STAC3 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: STAC3.
Mendeliome v0.4962 STAC3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STAC3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4959 SPEG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPEG was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4956 TPM3 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TPM3 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.4955 TPM3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TPM3 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4954 MICU1 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: MICU1.
Mendeliome v0.4952 MICU1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MICU1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4949 LMOD3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LMOD3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4945 MYH2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYH2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4942 KLHL41 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL41 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4941 KLHL40 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: KLHL40.
Mendeliome v0.4939 KLHL40 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL40 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4936 MYO18B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYO18B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4933 MEGF10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MEGF10 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4928 WDPCP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDPCP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4924 TUBGCP4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBGCP4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4921 DYNC2LI1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DYNC2LI1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4917 TRAPPC9 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: TRAPPC9.
Mendeliome v0.4914 FKBP14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FKBP14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4911 EPG5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EPG5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4908 LMX1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LMX1B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4905 SEMA4A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SEMA4A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4901 JPH2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: JPH2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4899 RGR Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: RGR.
Mendeliome v0.4897 RGR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RGR was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4895 RDH11 Zornitza Stark gene: RDH11 was added
gene: RDH11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: RDH11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RDH11 were set to 24916380; 15634683; 30731079; 18326732
Phenotypes for gene: RDH11 were set to Retinal dystrophy, juvenile cataracts, and short stature syndrome, MIM# 616108
Review for gene: RDH11 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported with compound heterozygous LOF variants segregating with disease in three siblings. Some functional data, but note mouse KO did not have eye phenotype.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.4892 PRDM13 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: PRDM13.
Tag 5'UTR tag was added to gene: PRDM13.
Mendeliome v0.4892 GPC6 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: GPC6.
Mendeliome v0.4890 GPC6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GPC6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4887 SPATA7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPATA7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4886 KIRREL3 Zornitza Stark gene: KIRREL3 was added
gene: KIRREL3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
refuted tags were added to gene: KIRREL3.
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIRREL3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KIRREL3 were set to 19012874
Phenotypes for gene: KIRREL3 were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: KIRREL3 was set to RED
Added comment: Variants associated with ID have now been re-classified based on population frequency.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.4883 NEUROD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEUROD1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4882 DNAAF4 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: DNAAF4.
Tag founder tag was added to gene: DNAAF4.
Mendeliome v0.4880 DNAAF4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAAF4 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4880 DNAAF4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAAF4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4876 GZF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GZF1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4874 ITFG2 Zornitza Stark gene: ITFG2 was added
gene: ITFG2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ITFG2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ITFG2 were set to 28397838; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41525-020-00150-z
Phenotypes for gene: ITFG2 were set to Neurodevelopmental abnormality; Intellectual disability; Developmental regression; Ataxia
Review for gene: ITFG2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: ITFG2 was suggested to be a candidate gene for autosomal recessive ID in the study by Harripaul et al (2018 - PMID: 28397838). The authors performed microarray and exome sequencing in 192 consanguineous families and identified a homozygous ITGF2 stopgain variant (NM_018463.3:c.472G>T / p.Glu158*) along with 3 additional variants segregating with ID within an investigated family (PK51). Cheema et al (2020 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41525-020-00150-z) report briefly on a male, born to consanguineous parents presenting with NDD, seizures, regression and ataxia. There was a similarly affected female sibling. Evaluation of ROH revealed a homozygous ITFG2 nonsense variant [NM_018463.3:c.361C>T / p.(Gln121*)]. Families in this study were investigated by trio WES or WGS. Evaluation of data of the same lab revealed 3 additional unrelated subjects with overlapping phenotypes, notably NDD and ataxia. These individuals were - each - homozygous for pLoF variants [NM_018463.3:c.848-1G>A; NM_018463.3:c.704dupC, p.(Ala236fs), NM_018463.3:c.1000_1001delAT, p.(Ile334fs)]. As discussed in OMIM, ITFG2 encodes a subunit of the KICSTOR protein complex, having a role in regulating nutrient sensing by MTOR complex-1 (Wolfson et al 2017 - PMID : 28199306).

Rated Amber as Cheema et al report on diagnostic outcomes and multiple candidate genes as part of a heterogenous cohort and details are therefore limited.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4872 SHMT2 Zornitza Stark gene: SHMT2 was added
gene: SHMT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SHMT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SHMT2 were set to 33015733
Phenotypes for gene: SHMT2 were set to Congenital microcephaly; Infantile axial hypotonia; Spastic paraparesis; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the corpus callosum; Abnormal cortical gyration; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Abnormality of the face; Proximal placement of thumb; 2-3 toe syndactyly
Review for gene: SHMT2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: García‑Cazorla et al. (2020 - PMID: 33015733) report 5 individuals (from 4 families) with a novel brain and heart developmental syndrome caused by biallelic SHMT2 pathogenic variants.

All affected subjects presented similar phenotype incl. microcephaly at birth (5/5 with OFC < -2 SD though in 2/5 cases N OFC was observed later), DD and ID (1/5 mild-moderate, 1/5 moderate, 3/5 severe), motor dysfunction in the form of spastic (5/5) paraparesis, ataxia/dysmetria (3/4), intention tremor (in 3/?) and/or peripheral neuropathy (2 sibs). They exhibited corpus callosum hypoplasia (5/5) and perisylvian microgyria-like pattern (4/5). Cardiac problems were reported in all, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 4/5 (from 3 families) and atrial-SD in the 5th individual (1/5). Common dysmorphic features incl. long palpebral/fissures, eversion of lateral third of lower eylids, arched eyebrows, long eyelashes, thin upper lip, short Vth finger, fetal pads, mild 2-3 toe syndactyly, proximally placed thumbs.

Biallelic variants were identified following exome sequencing in all (other investigations not mentioned). Identified variants were in all cases missense SNVs or in-frame del, which together with evidence from population databases and mouse model might suggest a hypomorphic effect of variants and intolerance/embryonic lethality for homozygous LoF ones.

SHMT2 encodes the mitohondrial form of serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The enzyme transfers one-carbon units from serine to tetrahydrofolate (THF) and generates glycine and 5,10,methylene-THF.

Mitochondrial defect was suggested by presence of ragged red fibers in myocardial biopsy of one patient. Quadriceps and myocardial biopsies of the same individual were overall suggestive of myopathic changes.

While plasma metabolites were within N range and SHMT2 protein levels not significantly altered in patient fibroblasts, the authors provide evidence for impaired enzymatic function eg. presence of the SHMT2 substrate (THF) in patient but not control (mitochondria-enriched) fibroblasts , decrease in glycine/serine ratios, impared folate metabolism. Patient fibroblasts displayed impaired oxidative capacity (reduced ATP levels in a medium without glucose, diminished oxygen consumption rates). Mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS levels were also suggestive of redox malfunction.

Shmt2 ko in mice was previously shown to be embryonically lethal attributed to severe mitochondrial respiration defects, although there was no observed brain metabolic defect.

The authors performed Shmt2 knockdown in motoneurons in Drosophila, demonstrating neuromuscular junction (# of satellite boutons) and motility defects (climbing distance/velocity).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4869 DHX38 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DHX38 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4867 CCT2 Zornitza Stark gene: CCT2 was added
gene: CCT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: CCT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CCT2 were set to 27645772; 29450543
Phenotypes for gene: CCT2 were set to Leber's congenital amaurosis
Review for gene: CCT2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported with compound het missense variants, functional data, including animal model.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.4864 CA4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CA4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4862 VPS41 Zornitza Stark gene: VPS41 was added
gene: VPS41 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS41 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: VPS41 were set to 32808683
Phenotypes for gene: VPS41 were set to Dystonia; intellectual disability
Review for gene: VPS41 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported with homozygous canonical splice site variant resulting in exon 7 skipping, and global developmental delay and generalized dystonia. He attained a few words and voluntary limb movements but never sat unsupported. He had pale optic discs and an axonal neuropathy. From 6 years of age, his condition began to deteriorate, with reduced motor abilities and alertness. An MRI of the brain showed atrophy of the superior cerebellar vermis and slimming of the posterior limb of the corpus callosum. VPS41 is component of the HOPS complex and other genes in the complex have been implicated in movement disorders.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4860 VPS16 Zornitza Stark gene: VPS16 was added
gene: VPS16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS16 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: VPS16 were set to 32808683
Phenotypes for gene: VPS16 were set to Dystonia
Added comment: 18 individuals reported with high-impact variants in VPS16 and a progressive early onset dystonia (median age 12 years, range 3–50 years), with prominent oromandibular, bulbar, cervical, and upper limb involvement. Progressive generalization ensued, although most remained ambulant, and only a minority (16%) lost the ability to walk in adulthood. Additional clinical features of mild to moderate intellectual disability and neuropsychiatric symptoms were present in approximately one‐third. In 4 individuals, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral and symmetrical hypointensity of the globi pallidi and sometimes also the midbrain and dentate nuclei, suggestive of iron deposition. Mild generalized cerebral atrophy was also apparent in 4 individuals.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4859 KRIT1 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: KRIT1.
Mendeliome v0.4857 KRIT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KRIT1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4854 SH3TC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SH3TC2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4853 ABCC6 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: ABCC6.
Mendeliome v0.4851 CAPN3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CAPN3 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4848 SLC6A5 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SLC6A5 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.4847 SLC6A5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC6A5 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4844 ARX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.4842 MCM2 Zornitza Stark gene: MCM2 was added
gene: MCM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: MCM2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MCM2 were set to 26196677
Phenotypes for gene: MCM2 were set to Deafness, autosomal dominant 70, MIM# 616968
Review for gene: MCM2 was set to RED
Added comment: One family, expression studies.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.4841 ATP1A4 Zornitza Stark gene: ATP1A4 was added
gene: ATP1A4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP1A4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ATP1A4 were set to 32549268
Phenotypes for gene: ATP1A4 were set to Hemiplegic migraine
Review for gene: ATP1A4 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported where missense variant segregated with hemiplegic migraine in four affected individuals.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4838 BSND Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BSND was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4835 LTBP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LTBP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4827 IL11RA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL11RA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4823 EFNB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EFNB1 was changed from Unknown to Other
Mendeliome v0.4821 AGAP1 Zornitza Stark gene: AGAP1 was added
gene: AGAP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: AGAP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: AGAP1 were set to 31700678; 25666757; 30472483
Phenotypes for gene: AGAP1 were set to Cerebral palsy
Review for gene: AGAP1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene and a CP phenotype. Rare variants over-represented in a case-control study. Supportive zebrafish model. Another individual with a deletion (+1 other gene) reported with ID and autism.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4818 SMN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMN1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4817 SMN1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: SMN1.
Mendeliome v0.4815 BUB1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BUB1B was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4812 ROM1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ROM1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4809 FOXC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXC1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4805 ACER3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACER3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4799 NUAK2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NUAK2 was changed from BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4794 AP1S1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AP1S1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4789 THOC1 Melanie Marty changed review comment from: Missense variant identified and segregated with adult-onset hearing loss in 9 affected family members. 12 unaffected individuals also tested.
Functional studies showed THOC1 was expressed in mouse and zebrafish hair cells. Furthermore, thoc1 deficiency caused the reduction of hair cell numbers in zebrafish and in mouse it induced hair cell apoptosis.
Sources: Literature; to: Missense variant identified and segregated with adult-onset hearing loss in 9 affected family members. 12 unaffected individuals also tested.
Functional studies showed THOC1 was expressed in mouse and zebrafish hair cells. Furthermore, thoc1 deficiency caused the reduction of hair cell numbers in zebrafish and the hypomorphic thoc1 in mouse induced hair cell apoptosis.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4789 GOLGA3 Elena Savva gene: GOLGA3 was added
gene: GOLGA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GOLGA3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GOLGA3 were set to PMID: 23495255
Phenotypes for gene: GOLGA3 were set to Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Review for gene: GOLGA3 was set to RED
Added comment: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00439-020-02170-2
Two siblings with a homozygous missense and PCD

PMID: 23495255; null mice have failed spermatogenesis
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4788 AKNA Elena Savva gene: AKNA was added
gene: AKNA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: AKNA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: AKNA were set to PMID: 21606955
Phenotypes for gene: AKNA were set to Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Review for gene: AKNA was set to RED
Added comment: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00439-020-02170-2
Two siblings with homozygous PTCs with PCD. Carrier parents and mutation negative siblings (5) was normal.

PMID: 21606955: Null mice have neonatal death with systemic inflammation and alveolar loss
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4786 THOC1 Melanie Marty changed review comment from: Missense variant identified and segregated with adult-onset hearing loss in 9 affected family members. 12 unaffected individuals also tested.
Functional studies showed THOC1 was expressed in mouse and zebrafish hair cells. Furthermore, thoc1 deficiency caused the reduction of hair cell numbers in zebrafish and the induced hair cell apoptosis.
Sources: Literature; to: Missense variant identified and segregated with adult-onset hearing loss in 9 affected family members. 12 unaffected individuals also tested.
Functional studies showed THOC1 was expressed in mouse and zebrafish hair cells. Furthermore, thoc1 deficiency caused the reduction of hair cell numbers in zebrafish and in mouse it induced hair cell apoptosis.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4784 RNPC3 Zornitza Stark gene: RNPC3 was added
gene: RNPC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RNPC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RNPC3 were set to 29866761; 32462814
Phenotypes for gene: RNPC3 were set to Growth hormone deficiency
Review for gene: RNPC3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two families reported. PMID 29866761: isolated growth deficiency and pituitary hypoplasia. PMID 32462814: growth hormone deficiency, central congenital hypothyroidism, congenital cataract, developmental delay/intellectual deficiency and delayed puberty. Full spectrum of phenotype unclear at present.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4783 THOC1 Melanie Marty changed review comment from: Missense variant identified and segregated with adulthood-onset hearing loss in 9 affected family members. 12 unaffected individuals also tested.
Functional studies showed THOC1 was expressed in mouse and zebrafish hair cells. Furthermore, thoc1 deficiency caused the reduction of hair cell numbers in zebrafish and the induced hair cell apoptosis.
Sources: Literature; to: Missense variant identified and segregated with adult-onset hearing loss in 9 affected family members. 12 unaffected individuals also tested.
Functional studies showed THOC1 was expressed in mouse and zebrafish hair cells. Furthermore, thoc1 deficiency caused the reduction of hair cell numbers in zebrafish and the induced hair cell apoptosis.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4783 PRICKLE3 Teresa Zhao gene: PRICKLE3 was added
gene: PRICKLE3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRICKLE3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Publications for gene: PRICKLE3 were set to 32516135
Phenotypes for gene: PRICKLE3 were set to Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy MIM#535000
Review for gene: PRICKLE3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Reported as X-linked LHON modifier (c.157C>T, p.Arg53Trp) in PRICKLE3 in 3 Chinese families. All affected individuals carried both ND4 11778G>A and p.Arg53Trp mutations, while subjects bearing only a single mutation exhibited normal vision.

Defective assembly, stability, and function of ATP synthase observed using Lymphoblastoid cell lines from one of the families.

This finding indicated that the p.Arg53Trp mutation acted in synergy with the m.11778G>A mutation and deteriorated mitochondrial dysfunctions necessary for the expression of LHON.

Prickle3-deficient mice exhibited pronounced ATPase deficiencies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4783 NUAK2 Seb Lunke gene: NUAK2 was added
gene: NUAK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NUAK2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NUAK2 were set to 32845958
Phenotypes for gene: NUAK2 were set to ANENCEPHALY (OMIM#206500)
Review for gene: NUAK2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Novel gene described in single consanguineous family with three FDIU and extensive anencephaly. Hom inframe del affecting functional kinase domain, parents confirmed carriers. Good functional data showing loss of enzyme function and mouse model with 40% anencephaly after knock-out.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4782 THOC1 Melanie Marty gene: THOC1 was added
gene: THOC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: THOC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: THOC1 were set to 32776944
Phenotypes for gene: THOC1 were set to Nonsyndromic hearing loss
Review for gene: THOC1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Missense variant identified and segregated with adulthood-onset hearing loss in 9 affected family members. 12 unaffected individuals also tested.
Functional studies showed THOC1 was expressed in mouse and zebrafish hair cells. Furthermore, thoc1 deficiency caused the reduction of hair cell numbers in zebrafish and the induced hair cell apoptosis.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4781 MBTPS1 Zornitza Stark gene: MBTPS1 was added
gene: MBTPS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MBTPS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MBTPS1 were set to 32857899; 32420688; 30046013
Phenotypes for gene: MBTPS1 were set to Skeletal dysplasia
Review for gene: MBTPS1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and a skeletal dysplasia, one described with SRS-like features. Elevated blood lysosomal enzymes are also a feature.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4780 GBF1 Paul De Fazio gene: GBF1 was added
gene: GBF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GBF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: GBF1 were set to 32937143
Phenotypes for gene: GBF1 were set to Axonal Neuropathy
Review for gene: GBF1 was set to GREEN
gene: GBF1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Four unrelated families with individuals affected by sporadic or dominant Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (HMNs) or axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT2). 3 missense variants (1 de novo) and 1 nonsense variant (de novo). Authors observed marked increase in Golgi fragmentation in primary fibroblasts derived from all affected individuals.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4780 ALS2 Ain Roesley gene: ALS2 was added
gene: ALS2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ALS2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ALS2 were set to 32214227
Phenotypes for gene: ALS2 were set to Tetraparesis with affection of upper and lower motor neuron
Penetrance for gene: ALS2 were set to unknown
Review for gene: ALS2 was set to RED
Added comment: In a cohort of Palestinian and Israeli Arabs with neurological disorders, a family with 2 affecteds were homozygous for a nonsense variant. Authors classified as likely path by ACMG guidelines
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4778 QRICH1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: QRICH1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4775 GREB1L Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GREB1L was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4774 IL1RAP Zornitza Stark gene: IL1RAP was added
gene: IL1RAP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: IL1RAP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: IL1RAP were set to 31954058
Phenotypes for gene: IL1RAP were set to Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome
Review for gene: IL1RAP was set to RED
Added comment: A pair of siblings with compound heterozygous variants in this gene and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Functional effect of variants demonstrated but mouse model does not have proteinuria.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4771 NEMF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEMF was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4767 HOMER2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HOMER2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4764 TPRN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TPRN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4761 TMC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMC1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4759 TMIE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMIE was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4755 TRIOBP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIOBP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4752 STRC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STRC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4749 SETD1A Zornitza Stark gene: SETD1A was added
gene: SETD1A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SETD1A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SETD1A were set to 31197650; 32346159
Phenotypes for gene: SETD1A were set to Epilepsy, early-onset, with or without developmental delay, MIM# 618832
Review for gene: SETD1A was set to GREEN
Added comment: 19 unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene and a neurodevelopmental phenotype, primarily manifesting and ID and seizures. LOF mechanism supported by functional data. Three mouse models. SNPs in this gene have also been associated with risk of developing schizophrenia.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4747 HPDL Zornitza Stark commented on gene: HPDL: 17 individuals from 13 families, with a spectrum of neurologic impairment ranging from a severe congenital form without any neurological development (n = 2/17, 12%) to infantile-onset presentations (n = 10/17, 59%) with moderate to severe neurodevelopmental issues, partly with a pathology reminiscent of mitochondrial disease (Leigh-like syndrome), to juvenile-onset spastic paraplegia (n = 5/17, 29%).

Frequently observed clinical findings included chronic progression of neurological signs (n = 16/17, 94%), motor developmental delay (n = 12/17, 71%), intellectual impairment (n = 11/17, 65%), microcephaly (n = 9/16, 56%), and seizures/epilepsy (n = 9/17, 53%). Other relevant clinical findings were visual disturbances/strabismus (n = 9/17, 53%) and loss of developmental milestones (n = 6/17, 35%).

Acute central respiratory failure leading to life-threatening events requiring partly mechanically assisted ventilation occurred in half of individuals with infantile presentation (n = 5/10, 50%), respectively one third of all individuals (n = 5/17, 29%).

Demyelinating neuropathy was present in three individuals (n = 3/11, 27%), with reduced sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in all and severely reduced motor NCV in one.
Mendeliome v0.4743 SCN1A Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SCN1A: Added comment: Note we have reported the association with AMC previously in PMID 29543227 (Supplementary info) in an infant presenting with AMC and severe EE, and de novo p.(Ile1347Asn) variant which at the time was thought to only partially explain the phenotype, but in light of this new report, likely fully explains the phenotype. Given the presence of severe seizure disorder in the two infants who were phenotyped in the newborn period, this likely represents the severe end of the spectrum of SCN1A-related disorders rather than a distinct association.; Changed phenotypes: Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 6 (Dravet syndrome), MIM# 607208, Genetic Epilepsy Febrile Seizures plus (GEFS+) Syndrome, Febrile seizures, Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Mendeliome v0.4740 SIX1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SIX1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4737 PTPRQ Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPRQ was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4734 POU4F3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POU4F3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4731 KPTN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KPTN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4729 NPHS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NPHS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4726 TTI2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TTI2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4724 IGSF10 Bryony Thompson gene: IGSF10 was added
gene: IGSF10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: IGSF10 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: IGSF10 were set to 27137492; 31042289
Phenotypes for gene: IGSF10 were set to delayed puberty; hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; primary ovary insufficiency
Review for gene: IGSF10 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 27137492 - 4 Finnish families segregating p.Glu161Lys, but Finnish MAF in ExAC is 2%. Another six additional families with a possible missense, but variants are seen in ExAC suggesting incomplete penetrance. Supporting in vitro functional assays and zebrafish model. PMID: 31042289 - 2 unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous variants and family with a heterozygous frameshift and apparent incomplete penetrance.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4721 PFN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PFN1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4718 PCDH15 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PCDH15 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4715 WHRN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WHRN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4712 OTOGL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OTOGL was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4709 RDX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RDX was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4706 OTOA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OTOA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4703 MYO7A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYO7A was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4700 SMPX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMPX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.4697 MYO6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYO6 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4694 MYO15A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYO15A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4691 MYH9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYH9 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4688 MARVELD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MARVELD2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4683 LRTOMT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LRTOMT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4680 LHFPL5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LHFPL5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4677 GYS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GYS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4673 PIGT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4670 ALG13 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG13 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.4668 BLOC1S5 Zornitza Stark gene: BLOC1S5 was added
gene: BLOC1S5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: BLOC1S5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: BLOC1S5 were set to 32565547
Phenotypes for gene: BLOC1S5 were set to Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
Review for gene: BLOC1S5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 2 unrelated patients with mild oculocutaneous albinism, moderate bleeding diathesis, platelet aggregation deficit, and a dramatically decreased number of platelet dense granules, all signs compatible with HPS. Identified distinct homozygous variants in the BLOC1S5 gene (patient 1: deletion of exons 3 and 4, patient 2: 1-bp deletion in exon 4). Parental segregation confirmatory in patient 1, quantitative PCR analysis confirmatory in patient 2). Functional tests performed on platelets of one patient displayed an absence of the obligate multisubunit complex BLOC-1, showing that the variant disrupts BLOC1S5 function and impairs BLOC-1 assembly. Expression of the patient-derived BLOC1S5 deletion in nonpigmented murine Bloc1s5-/- melan-mu melanocytes failed to rescue pigmentation, the assembly of a functional BLOC-1 complex, and melanosome cargo trafficking, unlike the wild-type allele. Pathogenic variants in the genes encoding three other BLOC-1 subunits (DTNBP1, BLOC1S3, and BLOC1S6) underlie HPS types 7, 8, and 9 respectively.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4665 FOXL2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXL2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4662 ILDR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ILDR1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4659 HOXA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HOXA2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4656 GRXCR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GRXCR1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4653 GPSM2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GPSM2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4650 GIPC3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GIPC3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4645 CNOT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CNOT1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4641 GATA3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GATA3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4637 EYA4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EYA4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4634 ESPN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ESPN was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4631 DFNB59 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DFNB59 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4628 DFNA5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DFNA5 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4627 DFNA5 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: DFNA5.
Mendeliome v0.4626 PRIMPOL Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: PRIMPOL.
Mendeliome v0.4622 COL4A5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL4A5 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.4619 COCH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COCH was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4616 CLRN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLRN1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4613 CLPP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLPP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4610 CLDN14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLDN14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4607 CIB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CIB2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4604 GCM2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: GCM2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.4603 GCM2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GCM2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4600 SECISBP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SECISBP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4597 UBA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UBA1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.4594 TRIP4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIP4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4591 EXOSC9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOSC9 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4588 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4586 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: SLC7A14.
Mendeliome v0.4584 ATP6V1B1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP6V1B1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4579 ALB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALB was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4576 TREM2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TREM2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4573 SPG21 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPG21 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4572 SPG21 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: SPG21.
Mendeliome v0.4570 LMX1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LMX1A was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4568 RPS20 Bryony Thompson gene: RPS20 was added
gene: RPS20 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS20 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RPS20 were set to 32790018
Phenotypes for gene: RPS20 were set to Diamond Blackfan anaemia
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: RPS20 was set to Other
Review for gene: RPS20 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated cases where a de novo variant involving Ile84 (Ile84Ser and Ile84Asn), and reduce the RPS20 protein level in patient cells. Yeast models with mutation of the cognate residue resulted in defects in growth, ribosome biogenesis, and polysome formation. Loss of function may not be the mechanism of disease, because loss of function variants appear to be exclusively associated with familial colorectal cancer without the DBA phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4564 SPAST Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPAST was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4561 TRRAP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRRAP was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4558 UPF3B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UPF3B was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.4555 XPR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: XPR1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4552 VPS13C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS13C was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4549 KIAA1161 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIAA1161 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4548 KIAA1161 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: KIAA1161.
Mendeliome v0.4548 KIAA1161 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KIAA1161: Added comment: In a cohort study comprising 435 individuals with primary brain calcification, 38 individuals identified with mono-allelic variants in this gene, in addition to 14 with bi-allelic variants. Clinical and imaging penetrance of individuals with bi-allelic variants were 100%, whereas among individuals with heterozygous variants, penetrance of imaging phenotype was reduced to 73.7% (28 of 38) and clinical penetrance was much lower. Most (34 of 38) remained asymptomatic whereas 4 had symptoms of uncertain clinical significance (nonspecific depression, epilepsy and late-onset parkinsonism). Compared with individuals with biallelic MYORG variants, individuals with heterozygous variants had brain calcifications with much lower calcification scores (P < 2e-16). HGNC approved name is MYORG.; Changed publications: 30656188, 30649222, 30460687, 29910000, 31951047; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4546 ALG14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4543 TCF12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TCF12 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4540 RP1L1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RP1L1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4537 CYP11B2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP11B2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4534 HPS5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HPS5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4529 IBA57 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IBA57 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4523 PAX7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PAX7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4520 SLC12A2 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SLC12A2: Added comment: Monoallelic :
DD/ID was a feature in >= 6 individuals with monoallelic de novo SLC12A2. An individual with an exon 22 truncating variant was reported to have normal milestones and cognitive function. Exon 21 variants have been described in individuals with rather isolated hearing impairment (possibly some associated motor delay, but normal cognition). Hearing impairment was also reported in 2/6 patients with variants in other exons (1 missense / 1 frameshift).

Biallelic :
DD/ID was reported in at least 3 individuals in literature. Hearing impairment has been reported on 2 occasions (although this was not probably evaluated in all subjects).

---

Monoallelic SLC12A2 mutations :

► Individuals with de novo mutations and developmental disorder were first identified by the DDD study (2017 - PMID: 28135719). 5 of them have been reported in detail by McNeill et al (below).

► McNeill et al (2020 - PMID: 32658972) report on 6 individuals with neurodevelopmental disorder due to de novo SLC12A2 mutation. All presented DD or ID ranging from mild to severe. ASD was reported in 3/6. Sensorineural hearing loss was a feature in 2/6 with the remaining having normal formal evaluations. Brain, cardiac and/or additional malformations were reported in a single individual. Following non-diagnostic prior work-up (CMA, FMR1 or other investigations) trio exome sequencing revealed missense (4/6) or truncating variants (2/6).

Three additional individuals (incl. a father and his son) with missense variants in exon 21 (NM_001046.3 / p.Glu979Lys and p.Glu980Lys) presented with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Speech and/or motor delay reported in these cases were attributed to the hearing impairment/vestibular arreflexia (cognitive abilities not tested).

SLC12A2 encodes sodium-potassium-chloride transporter 1 (also NKCC1).

The GTEx project has identified 8 isoforms. In brain both exon 21-containing/deleted isoforms are expressed (cited Morita et al 2014 - PMID: 24695712). As the authors discuss, RNA-seq of the developing mouse cochlea suggests that the exon 21 containing isoform is the single transcript expressed. Evidence from RNA-seq data (BrainSpan project) and literature suggests that the significant amounts of exon 21 lacking isoforms in fetal brain compensate for the deleterious effects of exon 21 variants and explain the lack of NDD in relevant patients.

Slc12a2 (NKCC1) null mouse model has demonstrated that the transporter plays a role in accumulation of the potassium rich endolymph in the inner ear, with NKCC1 absence causing sensorineural deafness and imbalance. Slc12a2 display cochlear malformations, loss of hair cells and hearing impairment (cited Delpire et al 1999 - PMID: 10369265). The brain phenotype has not been studied extensively, although loss of Slc12a2 has been shown to inhibit neurogenesis (cited: Magalhães and Rivera et al. - PMID: 27582690).

Slc12a2 null zebrafish display a collapse of the otic vesicle and reduced endolymph (Abbas and Whitfield, 2009 - PMID: 19633174) relevant to the human hearing disorder.

In vitro assessment of NKCC1 ion transporter function in Xenopus laevis, supported the deleterious effect of the identified variants (significant reduction in K+ influx). Using available single cell RNA-seq data the authors further demonstrated that SLC12A2 expressing cells display transcriptomic profiles reflective of active neurogenesis.

► Delpire et al (2016 - PMID: 27900370 - not reviewed in detail) described a 13 y.o. girl harboring a de novo 11-bp deletion in SLC12A2 exon 22. This individual reached developmental milestones on time and had a NORMAL cognitive function. Hearing was seemingly normal. Features included orthostatic intolerance, respiratory weakness, multiple endocrine abnormalities, pancreatic insufficiency and multiorgan failure incl. gut and bladder. Exome in the proband, parents and 3 unaffected sibs suggested SLC12A2 as the only candidate for her phenotype. Functional analyses in Xenopus laevis oocytes suggested that a non functional transporter was expressed and trafficked to the membrane as the wt. Detection of the truncated protein at higher molecular sizes suggested either enhanced dimerization or misfolded aggregate. There was no dominant-negative effect of mutant NKCC1. In patient fibroblasts a reduced total and NKCC1-mediated K+ influx.

► Mutai et al (2020 - PMID: 32294086) report on several individuals from 4 families, harboring variants within exon 21 or - in one case - at it's 3' splice-site (leading to skipping oe this exon at the mRNA level). All subjects were investigated for severe/profound hearing loss (in line with the role of exon 21-included isoforms in cochlea. The variant segregated with hearing impairment in 3 generations of a family while in all other subjects the variant had occured as de novo event. Despite motor delays (e.g. the subject from fam2 could not hold head or sit at the age of 10m / the proband in Fam3 was able to hold his head and walk at 6 and 20 m respectively) behavior and cognition were commented to be within normal range.


-----

Biallelic SLC12A2 mutations:

► Anazi et al (2017 - PMID: 29288388) briefly reported on a 3 y.o. boy (17DG0776) with central hypotonia, neonatal respiratory distress, failure to thrive, global DD and microcephaly and a skeletal survey suggestive of osteopenia. After non-diagnostic prior investigations (CMA revealing a 1p duplication classified as VUS, extensive metabolic workup), WES revealed a homozygous SLC12A2 splicing variant [NM_001046.2:c.2617-2A>G].

► Macnamara et al (2019 - PMID: 30740830) described a 5.5 y.o. male with sensorineural hearing loss, profound delays in all developmental areas among several other features (choanal atresia, failure to thrive, respiratory problems, absent sweat and tear production or salivation, GI abnormalities). Genetic testing for several disorders considered (cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, sequencing and del/dup analysis of mtDNA) was normal. CMA revealed paternal uniparental isodisomy for chr. 5 and WGS a homozygous 22kb deletion in SLC12A2. This was followed by confirmation of homozygosity in the proband, heterozygosity of the unaffected father, delineation of breakpoints (chr5:127441491-127471419). mRNA studies in patient fibroblasts confirmed deletion of ex2-7, splicing of ex1 directly to ex8 and introduction of a premature stop codon in ex9. qRT-PCR confirmed that mRNA is likely subjected to NMD (expression ~80% of control). Western blot confirmed absence of the protein in the patient's fibroblasts. Again mouse models are thought to recapitulate the hearing defect but also the deficient saliva production (cited Evans et al 2000 - PMID: 10831596). Again the authors speculate a role of SLC12A2 in brain development based on evidence from murine models (migration, dendritic growth, increse in neuron density through regulation of GABAergic signalling (Young et al 2012 - PMID: 23015452). Hypotheses are also made on a regulatory relationship between NKCC1 and CFTR based on mRNA data from the ko mouse model.

► Stödberg et al (2020 - PMID: 32754646) reported 2 sibs with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder due to compound heterozygosity for a frameshift SLC12A2 variant and a splicing one (NM_001046:c.1431delT and c.2006-1G>A). Both presented hypotonia, neonatal S. aureus parotitis and respiratory problems (incl. apneas). While the older sib died at the age of 22 days, the younger one had persistent respiratory issues incl. a dry respiratory mucosa motivating metabolic, immunology investigations and testing for CF. She displayed microcephaly (OFC -2.5 SD, H was also -3.5SD), severe intellectual disability. MRI was suggestive of white matter and basal ganglia abnormalities. Other features incl. hearing impairment, and lack of tears,saliva and sweat, constipation and intestinal malrotation. There was facial dysmorphism. The variants were the only retained following WGS of the 2 affected sisters, parents and an unaffected brother. The splicing variant was shown to result in skipping of exon 13, while the indel in NMD. Again the authors discuss that the deficient saliva production, impaired hearing and GI problems are recapitulated in the mouse model (several refs provided).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 28135719, 32658972, 27900370, 32294086, 29288388, 30740830, 32754646; Changed phenotypes: Kilquist syndrome, deafness, intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, absent salivation, ectodermal dysplasia, constipation, intestinal malrotation, multiple congenital anomalies; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4518 VPS37A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS37A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4514 TECPR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TECPR2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4511 SMOC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMOC2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4508 MAG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAG was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4507 DSTYK Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: DSTYK.
Mendeliome v0.4505 DSTYK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DSTYK was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4503 ZMYM2 Zornitza Stark gene: ZMYM2 was added
gene: ZMYM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZMYM2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ZMYM2 were set to 32891193
Phenotypes for gene: ZMYM2 were set to Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract; Neurodevelopmental disorder
Review for gene: ZMYM2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Heterozygous pathogenic (pLoF) ZMYM2 variants have been reported in individuals with syndromic presentation including CAKUT (in several cases) and variable neurological manifestations among extra-renal features.

--

Connaughton et al (2020 - PMID: 32891193) report on 19 individuals (from 15 unrelated families) with heterozygous pathogenic ZMYM2 variants.

Affected individuals from 7 families presented with CAKUT while all of them displayed extra-renal features. Neurological manifestations were reported in 16 individuals from 14 families (data not available for 1 fam), among others hypotonia (3/14 fam), speech delay (4/14 fam), global DD (9/14 fam), ID (4/14 fam), microcephaly (4/14 fam). ASD was reported in 4 fam (4 indiv). Seizures were reported in 2 fam (2 indiv). Variable other features included cardiac defects, facial dysmorphisms, small hands and feet with dys-/hypo-plastic nails and clinodactyly.

14 pLoF variants were identified, in most cases as de novo events (8 fam). In 2 families the variant was inherited from an affected parent. Germline mosaicism occurred in 1 family.

The human disease features were recapitulated in a X. tropicalis morpholino knockdown, with expression of truncating variants failing to rescue renal and craniofacial defects. Heterozygous Zmym2-deficient mice also recapitulated the features of CAKUT.

ZMYM2 (previously ZNF198) encodes a nuclear zinc finger protein localizing to the nucleus (and PML nuclear body).

It has previously been identified as transcriptional corepressor interacting with nuclear receptors and the LSD1-CoREST-HDAC1 complex. It has also been shown to interact with FOXP transcription factors.

The authors provide evidence for loss of interaction of the truncated ZMYM2 with FOXP1 (mutations in the latter having recently been reported in syndromic CAKUT).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4501 MTX2 Zornitza Stark gene: MTX2 was added
gene: MTX2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MTX2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MTX2 were set to 32917887
Phenotypes for gene: MTX2 were set to Mandibuloacral dysplasia; lipodystrophy; arterial calcification
Review for gene: MTX2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Seven individuals from 5 unrelated families reported with severe progeroid form of MAD with growth retardation, small viscerocranium with mandibular underdevelopment, distal acro-osteolyses, lipodystrophy, altered skin pigmentation, renal focal glomerulosclerosis, and extremely severe hypertension in most cases, eventually associated with disseminated arterial calcification. Loss of MTX2 in patients' primary fibroblasts led to loss of Metaxin-1 (MTX1) and mitochondrial dysfunction, including network fragmentation and oxidative phosphorylation impairment. Furthermore, patients' fibroblasts were resistant to induced apoptosis, leading to increased cell senescence and mitophagy and reduced proliferation.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4500 RREB1 Zornitza Stark gene: RREB1 was added
gene: RREB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
SV/CNV tags were added to gene: RREB1.
Mode of inheritance for gene: RREB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RREB1 were set to 32938917
Phenotypes for gene: RREB1 were set to Noonan syndrome-like disorder
Review for gene: RREB1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported with Noonan syndrome-like features and a deletion encompassing RREB1. Overlapping deletions in publicly reported databases examined, and RREB1 postulated to be the key gene. Rreb1 hemizygous mice display orbital hypertelorism and age dependent cardiac hypertrophy. RREB1 recruits SIN3A and KDM1A to an RRE in target promoters in human and murine cells to control histone H3K4 methylation of MAPK pathway genes.

In summary, single well phenotyped individual with a CNV and experimental data to support gene-disease association.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4497 NEMF Zornitza Stark gene: NEMF was added
gene: NEMF was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NEMF was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NEMF were set to 32934225
Phenotypes for gene: NEMF were set to Intellectual disability; neuropathy
Review for gene: NEMF was set to GREEN
Added comment: Nine individuals from 7 unrelated families reported with a mixed CNS/PNS phenotype. 7/9 had ID, 4/9 had formal assessments demonstrating axonal neuropathy, 3/9 had ataxia; muscular atrophy, hypotonia, respiratory distress, scoliosis also described in some. Three independently generated mouse models had progressive motor neuron degeneration.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4496 FNIP1 Arina Puzriakova gene: FNIP1 was added
gene: FNIP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FNIP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FNIP1 were set to 32181500; 32905580
Phenotypes for gene: FNIP1 were set to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; Primary Immunodeficiency; Agammaglobulinemia; Neutropenia
Review for gene: FNIP1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: - PMID: 32181500 (2020) - Three patients from two independent consanguineous families with homozygous variants (c.3353G>A, p.Ser1118Asn and c.1289delA, p.His430Profs7*) in the FNIP1 gene. Both variants segregated with the disease phenotype in each family. Clinically, patients presented with combined immunodeficiency, cardiac findings (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome), and myopathy of skeletal muscles with motor DD. Authors note phenotypic overlap with the murine model of FNIP1 deficiency, but no functional analyses of the variants or patient cells were performed.

- PMID: 32905580 (2020) - Three cases from unrelated families, all harbouring novel biallelic variants in FNIP1. Clinical manifestations in all patients include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe and/or recurrent infections, absent circulating B-cells, and agammaglobulinemia; as well as either severe or intermittent neutropenia in two cases. Functional studies showed impairment of B-cell metabolism, including disruptions to mitochondrial numbers/activity and the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4494 TAOK1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TAOK1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4491 CSF1R Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CSF1R was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.4490 CSF1R Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CSF1R was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4487 L2HGDH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: L2HGDH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4486 LMNB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LMNB1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4485 LMNB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: LMNB1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.4482 LMNB1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: LMNB1.
Mendeliome v0.4480 MAPK8 Arina Puzriakova gene: MAPK8 was added
gene: MAPK8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MAPK8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: MAPK8 were set to 31784499
Phenotypes for gene: MAPK8 were set to Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis; Connective tissue disorders
Added comment: PMID: 31784499 (2020) - Three cases in a single family with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and a connective tissue disorder that clinically overlaps with hEDS. WES revealed a splice-site variant (c.311+1G>A) in the MAPK8 gene that segregated with the disorder. Includes supportive functional data using patient-derived fibroblasts, showing that the variant impairs IL-17A/F immunity and the development of Th17 cells.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4480 CTNNBL1 Arina Puzriakova gene: CTNNBL1 was added
gene: CTNNBL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CTNNBL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CTNNBL1 were set to 32484799
Phenotypes for gene: CTNNBL1 were set to Primary Immunodeficiency; Autoimmune Cytopenias; Common variable immunodeficiency
Added comment: PMID: 32484799 (2020) - One patient with common variable immunodeficiency associated with autoimmune cytopenia (CVID+AIC), associated with a homozygous missense M466V variant in the CTNNBL1 gene. Functional studies showed that the variant impaired interaction with AID, in turn disrupting AID-mediated antibody diversification in activated B-cells.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4477 TNNI2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TNNI2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.4476 TNNI2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNNI2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4471 VPS11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS11 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4470 VPS11 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: VPS11.
Mendeliome v0.4468 GGT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GGT1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4466 GGT1 Elena Savva edited their review of gene: GGT1: Added comment: PMID: 29483667 - 1 family (2 sibs) w/ a homozygous 16.9kb deletion spanning part of the gene and no others. Carrier parents were normal.

PMID: 23615310 - homozygous mutant mouse model have dwarfism, cataracts and coat colour abnormalities. Protein activity reduced to 4% of wildtype. Noted it was for use as a GGT deficiency model.

PMID: 31520399 - 2 families with AD inheritance showing GGT1 deficiency but NO clinical symptoms. Authors call GGTemia a benign condition.; Changed publications: PMID: 29483667, 23615310, 31520399
Mendeliome v0.4464 NAXE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NAXE was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4461 NAXD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NAXD was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4458 ISCA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ISCA2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4455 PRIMPOL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRIMPOL was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4452 KCNN4 Zornitza Stark gene: KCNN4 was added
gene: KCNN4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNN4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KCNN4 were set to 26148990; 26198474; 26178367
Phenotypes for gene: KCNN4 were set to Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis 2, MIM# 616689
Review for gene: KCNN4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least three families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.4450 C15orf41 Zornitza Stark gene: C15orf41 was added
gene: C15orf41 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: C15orf41 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: C15orf41 were set to 23716552; 32293259; 31191338; 29885034
Phenotypes for gene: C15orf41 were set to Dyserythropoietic anemia, congenital, type Ib, MIM# 615631
Review for gene: C15orf41 was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least 6 families reported, functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.4447 XRCC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: XRCC2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4443 TSR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TSR2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.4441 SRP72 Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: SRP72.
Mendeliome v0.4439 SRP72 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SRP72 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4435 SLC25A38 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A38 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4432 SLC19A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC19A2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4429 SEC23B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SEC23B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4426 RPS27 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS27 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4422 RPS17 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS17 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4421 RPL9 Zornitza Stark gene: RPL9 was added
gene: RPL9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL9 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RPL9 were set to 29114930; 20116044
Phenotypes for gene: RPL9 were set to Diamond Blackfan anaemia
Review for gene: RPL9 was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 29114930, de novo splice site variant, c.-2+1G>C, functional impact of this variant is likely deleterious but not proven. Inherited missense variant reported in PMID 20116044, p.Arg125Ser is present in 31 hets in gnomad.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.4418 RPL31 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL31 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4414 PUS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PUS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4410 NHP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NHP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4407 LIG4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LIG4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4404 HOXA11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HOXA11 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4400 TGM6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TGM6 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4398 TGM6 Zornitza Stark Tag refuted tag was added to gene: TGM6.
Mendeliome v0.4398 SVBP Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: SVBP.
Mendeliome v0.4396 SQSTM1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SQSTM1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4395 SQSTM1 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Four unrelated families, presenting feature of this progressive neurological disorder was ataxia.; to: Nine individuals from four unrelated families.
Mendeliome v0.4393 SLC25A46 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A46 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4390 RORA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RORA was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4387 LARS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LARS2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4384 LAMA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMA1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4381 KCNA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNA2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4378 HARS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HARS2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4375 EBF3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EBF3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4372 DOCK3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DOCK3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4369 ATP8A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP8A2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4368 ADPRHL2 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: ADPRHL2.
Mendeliome v0.4366 CNGB3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CNGB3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4363 CNGA3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CNGA3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4360 SPRED1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPRED1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4357 SOS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SOS2 was changed from Other to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.4353 SHOC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SHOC2 was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.4352 SHOC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SHOC2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4349 RIT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: RIT1 was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.4348 RIT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RIT1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4345 NRAS Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: NRAS was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.4344 NRAS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NRAS was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4341 MAP2K2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: MAP2K2 was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.4340 MAP2K2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAP2K2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4337 MAP2K1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: MAP2K1 was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.4336 MAP2K1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAP2K1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4333 HRAS Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: HRAS was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.4332 HRAS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HRAS was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4329 CBL Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CBL was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.4328 CBL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CBL was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4325 CSNK1D Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CSNK1D was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4321 CACNA1E Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CACNA1E was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4318 ATAD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATAD1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4315 ADAT1 Zornitza Stark gene: ADAT1 was added
gene: ADAT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ADAT1 were set to 28180185; 29390050; 29659736
Phenotypes for gene: ADAT1 were set to Hyperekplexia 4, MIM#618011
Review for gene: ADAT1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Hyperekplexia-4 is an autosomal recessive severe neurologic disorder apparent at birth. Three unrelated families reported. Affected infants have extreme hypertonia and appear stiff and rigid. They have little if any development, poor or absent visual contact, and no spontaneous movement, consistent with an encephalopathy. Some patients have early-onset refractory seizures.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.4312 OCA2 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: OCA2.
Mendeliome v0.4310 OCA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OCA2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4309 ZSWIM6 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: MIM #617865 (NEDMAGA): A recurrent de novo heterozygous truncating mutation in the ZSWIM6 gene (R913X)identified in 7 unrelated patients. Analysis of patient cells indicated that the mutant transcript escaped nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and most likely produced a truncated protein, although antibody studies were unable to detect a truncated protein. Possible dominant-negative effect. NB a more proximal nonsense variant was also reported inherited in a family with an unaffected mother: loss of function variants may not cause a phenotype.
MIM#603671 (acromelic frontonasal dysplasia): recurrent missense identified in 6 unrelated families, p.Arg1163Trp; to: MIM #617865 (NEDMAGA): A recurrent de novo heterozygous truncating mutation in the ZSWIM6 gene (R913X) identified in 7 unrelated patients. Analysis of patient cells indicated that the mutant transcript escaped nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and most likely produced a truncated protein, although antibody studies were unable to detect a truncated protein. Possible dominant-negative effect. NB a more proximal nonsense variant was also reported inherited in a family with an unaffected mother: loss of function variants may not cause a phenotype.
MIM#603671 (acromelic frontonasal dysplasia): recurrent missense identified in 6 unrelated families, p.Arg1163Trp
Mendeliome v0.4309 ZSWIM6 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: MIM #617865 A recurrent de novo heterozygous truncating mutation in the ZSWIM6 gene (R913X)identified in 7 unrelated patients. Analysis of patient cells indicated that the mutant transcript escaped nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and most likely produced a truncated protein, although antibody studies were unable to detect a truncated protein. Possible dominant-negative effect. NB a more proximal nonsense variant was also reported inherited in a family with an unaffected mother: loss of function variants may not cause a phenotype.
MIM#603671: recurrent missense identified in 6 unrelated families, p.Arg1163Trp; to: MIM #617865 (NEDMAGA): A recurrent de novo heterozygous truncating mutation in the ZSWIM6 gene (R913X)identified in 7 unrelated patients. Analysis of patient cells indicated that the mutant transcript escaped nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and most likely produced a truncated protein, although antibody studies were unable to detect a truncated protein. Possible dominant-negative effect. NB a more proximal nonsense variant was also reported inherited in a family with an unaffected mother: loss of function variants may not cause a phenotype.
MIM#603671 (acromelic frontonasal dysplasia): recurrent missense identified in 6 unrelated families, p.Arg1163Trp
Mendeliome v0.4306 VPS13D Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS13D was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4304 FARSA Zornitza Stark gene: FARSA was added
gene: FARSA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: FARSA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FARSA were set to 31355908
Phenotypes for gene: FARSA were set to Rajab interstitial lung disease with brain calcifications 2, MIM# 619013
Review for gene: FARSA was set to RED
Added comment: Autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth delay, interstitial lung disease, liver disease, and abnormal brain MRI findings, including brain calcifications and periventricular cysts. Single affected individual reported, but FARSA interacts with FARSB, which causes a similar disorder.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.4301 SLC1A3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC1A3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4299 ANGPT2 Zornitza Stark gene: ANGPT2 was added
gene: ANGPT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ANGPT2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ANGPT2 were set to https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/560/eaax8013
Phenotypes for gene: ANGPT2 were set to Primary lymphoedema
Review for gene: ANGPT2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Five unrelated individuals reported with primary lymphedema and variants in this gene, together with functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4296 SLC20A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC20A2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4293 SLC16A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC16A2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.4292 TRIP13 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: TRIP13.
Mendeliome v0.4290 TRIP13 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIP13 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4286 NOBOX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NOBOX was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4283 TET2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TET2 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4279 TLR7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TLR7 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.4276 EXOSC5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOSC5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4275 EXOSC5 Arina Puzriakova changed review comment from: - PMID: 32504085 (2020) - Five patients from four families with biallelic variants in EXCOSC5. Clinical features included short stature (3/5), developmental delays that affect motor skills (3/5), hypotonia (4/5), ataxia (3/4), cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy (4/5). Cognitive function was generally preserved, but included mild speech delays in one patient.
Cerebellar ataxia was described in two sibs and one singleton - all of whom were compound heterozygous for the p.Thr114Ile variant, inherited in trans with a frameshift variant (p.His30Thrfs*35) or deletion involving exons 5–6 of EXOSC5, respectively.

A LoF zebrafish model resulted in a variety of morphological defects including shortened and curved tails/bodies, reduced eye/head size and oedema. Functional studies of the variants in budding yeast and cultured cells showed some defects in RNA exosome function and interactions, that could not be explained by decrease in the steady-state level of EXOSC5.

- PMID: 29302074 (2019) - Three sibs with a homozygous EXCOSC5 variant (p.Thr114Ile), associated with mild motor delays, cerebellar ataxia, nystagmus, dysarthria, and moderate ID. The family is also described in PMID: 30950035. No functional studies of the variant were undertaken.; to: - PMID: 32504085 (2020) - Five patients from four families with biallelic variants in EXOSC5. Clinical features included short stature (3/5), developmental delays that affect motor skills (3/5), hypotonia (4/5), ataxia (3/4), cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy (4/5). Cognitive function was generally preserved, but included mild speech delays in one patient.
Cerebellar ataxia was described in two sibs and one singleton - all of whom were compound heterozygous for the p.Thr114Ile variant, inherited in trans with a frameshift variant (p.His30Thrfs*35) or deletion involving exons 5–6 of EXOSC5, respectively.

A LoF zebrafish model resulted in a variety of morphological defects including shortened and curved tails/bodies, reduced eye/head size and oedema. Functional studies of the variants in budding yeast and cultured cells showed some defects in RNA exosome function and interactions, that could not be explained by decrease in the steady-state level of EXOSC5.

- PMID: 29302074 (2019) - Three sibs with a homozygous EXOSC5 variant (p.Thr114Ile), associated with mild motor delays, cerebellar ataxia, nystagmus, dysarthria, and moderate ID. The family is also described in PMID: 30950035. No functional studies of the variant were undertaken.
Mendeliome v0.4273 SLC20A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC20A1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4270 PNPLA8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PNPLA8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4267 NR2F1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NR2F1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4264 RAD50 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAD50 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4260 WASHC4 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: WASHC4 as ready
Mendeliome v0.4260 WASHC4 Zornitza Stark Gene: washc4 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.4260 WASHC4 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: WASHC4 as Green List (high evidence)
Mendeliome v0.4260 WASHC4 Zornitza Stark Gene: washc4 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.4259 WASHC4 Zornitza Stark gene: WASHC4 was added
gene: WASHC4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: WASHC4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: WASHC4 were set to 31953988; 21498477
Phenotypes for gene: WASHC4 were set to Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 43, MIM #615817
Review for gene: WASHC4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4257 DNAJC7 Seb Lunke gene: DNAJC7 was added
gene: DNAJC7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJC7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: DNAJC7 were set to 31768050
Phenotypes for gene: DNAJC7 were set to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Review for gene: DNAJC7 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two cohort studies in ALS patients identified 11 and 1 patient, respectively, with variants in DNAJC7. Seven of these are putative PTVs. However gene described as risk factor, unclear why.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXG.0000000000000503
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4254 HSPA9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HSPA9 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4253 HSPA9 Seb Lunke Mode of inheritance for gene: HSPA9 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4251 CFAP57 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP57 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4250 SVIL Melanie Marty gene: SVIL was added
gene: SVIL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SVIL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SVIL were set to 32779703
Phenotypes for gene: SVIL were set to myopathy
Penetrance for gene: SVIL were set to unknown
Review for gene: SVIL was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four patients from two unrelated consanguineous families with a childhood/adolescence onset of a myopathy associated with homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SVIL. Wide neck, anteverted shoulders and prominent trapezius muscles together with variable contractures were characteristic features. Functional studies on muscle biopsies showed complete loss protein in muscle fibres by western blot.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4250 CFAP58 Crystle Lee gene: CFAP58 was added
gene: CFAP58 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP58 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CFAP58 were set to 32791035
Phenotypes for gene: CFAP58 were set to Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) (PMID: 32791035)
Review for gene: CFAP58 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 5 unrelated males reported with biallelic loss of function variants. Knockout mice were infertile (Abstract only)
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.4250 MYT1L Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: MYT1L.
Mendeliome v0.4247 ARID1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARID1A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4244 PDE10A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PDE10A was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4239 KIF1C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF1C was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4236 GTPBP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GTPBP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4233 GNB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GNB1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4230 MCM10 Zornitza Stark gene: MCM10 was added
gene: MCM10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MCM10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MCM10 were set to 32865517
Phenotypes for gene: MCM10 were set to Susceptibility to CMV
Review for gene: MCM10 was set to RED
Added comment: Compound heterozygous variants in minichromosomal maintenance complex member 10 (MCM10) reported as a cause of NK-cell deficiency in a child with fatal susceptibility to CMV.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4227 FDXR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FDXR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4223 EIF2S3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF2S3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.4218 TRAPPC6B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAPPC6B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4215 TRAPPC12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAPPC12 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4212 TPRKB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TPRKB was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4209 TP53RK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TP53RK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4206 TBC1D20 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TBC1D20 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4205 DHX34 Zornitza Stark gene: DHX34 was added
gene: DHX34 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DHX34 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DHX34 were set to 31256877
Phenotypes for gene: DHX34 were set to Intellectual disability; congenital anomalies
Review for gene: DHX34 was set to RED
Added comment: Three families reported. Two with bi-allelic variants and ID/multiple congenital anomalies but another molecular diagnosis present in both (variants in established genes). Single de novo missense in another individual with ID and dysmorphism. No supporting functional data. Overall RED rating for both MOI.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4204 DDX54 Zornitza Stark gene: DDX54 was added
gene: DDX54 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DDX54 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DDX54 were set to 31256877
Phenotypes for gene: DDX54 were set to Intellectual disability; congenital anomalies
Review for gene: DDX54 was set to RED
Added comment: Three individuals reported with different MOIs and different phenotypes. One with de novo variant and ID, another with bi-allelic variants and ID, and a third with bi-allelic variants and CAKUT. All variants are missense, no functional data. Overall, Red rating given inconsistent phenotypes and modes of inheritance, each one is essentially treated separately for now until further cases identified.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4202 DHX16 Zornitza Stark gene: DHX16 was added
gene: DHX16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DHX16 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DHX16 were set to 31256877
Phenotypes for gene: DHX16 were set to Neuromuscular disease and ocular or auditory anomalies with or without seizures, MIM# 618733
Review for gene: DHX16 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported with de novo missense variants in this gene. Three of the individuals died in infancy, so phenotypic spectrum difficult to discern. Two had seizures. Individual with long-term survival had a progressive course, evidence of myopathy, loss of hearing and vision, and normal IQ.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4199 DHX37 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DHX37 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4196 CFL2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CFL2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4191 PAK3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PAK3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.4188 CLTC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLTC was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4185 RPL10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL10 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.4182 IFT122 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IFT122 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4174 RARS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RARS2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4173 RAD21 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAD21 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4170 RAB3GAP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB3GAP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4167 RAB3GAP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB3GAP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4166 RAB18 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: RAB18.
Mendeliome v0.4164 RAB18 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB18 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4161 PTPN23 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPN23 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4158 PRUNE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRUNE1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4155 POGZ Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POGZ was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4152 POC1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POC1A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4149 PLK4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLK4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4146 PIGH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4144 PCYT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PCYT2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4143 TRAPPC2L Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: TRAPPC2L.
Mendeliome v0.4142 TIMM8A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TIMM8A was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.4136 DPP6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DPP6 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4134 DPP6 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: DPP6.
Mendeliome v0.4134 TRAPPC2L Arina Puzriakova changed review comment from: Gene is associated with Encephalopathy, progressive, early-onset, with episodic rhabdomyolysis in OMIM, but not in G2P.

PMID: 30120216 (2018) - Two unrelated probands with an identical homozygous missense (c.109G>T, p.Asp37Tyr) variant in TRAPPC2L. Both individuals presented neurodevelopmental delay, febrile illness-induced encephalopathy, and episodic rhabdomyolysis, followed by developmental arrest, seizures and tetraplegia. The variant segregated with the phenotype in each family, and haplotype analysis suggested a founder effect.

The mutant protein was expressed in patient fibroblasts, but displayed membrane trafficking delays. Studies in yeast showed that the variant impaired interaction with TRAPPC10, and increased levels of the active RAB11.


PMID: 32843486 (2020) - In an Ashkenazi Jewish family with three affected sibs with GDD/ID, WGS revealed a segregating homozygous missense variant (c.5G>C, p.Ala2Gly) in the TRAPPC2L gene. No seizures, brain MRI abnormalities, or illness provoked regression were documented in this family.

Comparable to the previous study, the variant resulted in delayed ER-to-Golgi trafficking and elevated levels of active RAB11. Studies using yeast and in vitro binding, showed that the variant disrupted interaction with another core TRAPP protein, TRAPPC6a.
Sources: Literature; to: Total of three families, but two share a founder variant, and there are some disparities between the clinical presentations reported in the two publications. Rating Amber as additional cases required to delineate the genotype-phenotype relationship.

PMID: 30120216 (2018) - Two unrelated probands with an identical homozygous missense (c.109G>T, p.Asp37Tyr) variant in TRAPPC2L. Both individuals presented neurodevelopmental delay, febrile illness-induced encephalopathy, and episodic rhabdomyolysis, followed by developmental arrest, seizures and tetraplegia. The variant segregated with the phenotype in each family, and haplotype analysis suggested a founder effect.

The mutant protein was expressed in patient fibroblasts, but displayed membrane trafficking delays. Studies in yeast showed that the variant impaired interaction with TRAPPC10, and increased levels of the active RAB11.


PMID: 32843486 (2020) - In an Ashkenazi Jewish family with three affected sibs with GDD/ID, WGS revealed a segregating homozygous missense variant (c.5G>C, p.Ala2Gly) in the TRAPPC2L gene. No seizures, brain MRI abnormalities, or illness provoked regression were documented in this family.

Comparable to the previous study, the variant resulted in delayed ER-to-Golgi trafficking and elevated levels of active RAB11. Studies using yeast and in vitro binding, showed that the variant disrupted interaction with another core TRAPP protein, TRAPPC6a.

Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4134 TRAPPC2L Arina Puzriakova gene: TRAPPC2L was added
gene: TRAPPC2L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAPPC2L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TRAPPC2L were set to 30120216; 32843486
Phenotypes for gene: TRAPPC2L were set to Encephalopathy, progressive, early-onset, with episodic rhabdomyolysis, 618331
Review for gene: TRAPPC2L was set to AMBER
Added comment: Gene is associated with Encephalopathy, progressive, early-onset, with episodic rhabdomyolysis in OMIM, but not in G2P.

PMID: 30120216 (2018) - Two unrelated probands with an identical homozygous missense (c.109G>T, p.Asp37Tyr) variant in TRAPPC2L. Both individuals presented neurodevelopmental delay, febrile illness-induced encephalopathy, and episodic rhabdomyolysis, followed by developmental arrest, seizures and tetraplegia. The variant segregated with the phenotype in each family, and haplotype analysis suggested a founder effect.

The mutant protein was expressed in patient fibroblasts, but displayed membrane trafficking delays. Studies in yeast showed that the variant impaired interaction with TRAPPC10, and increased levels of the active RAB11.


PMID: 32843486 (2020) - In an Ashkenazi Jewish family with three affected sibs with GDD/ID, WGS revealed a segregating homozygous missense variant (c.5G>C, p.Ala2Gly) in the TRAPPC2L gene. No seizures, brain MRI abnormalities, or illness provoked regression were documented in this family.

Comparable to the previous study, the variant resulted in delayed ER-to-Golgi trafficking and elevated levels of active RAB11. Studies using yeast and in vitro binding, showed that the variant disrupted interaction with another core TRAPP protein, TRAPPC6a.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4134 TOGARAM1 Arina Puzriakova gene: TOGARAM1 was added
gene: TOGARAM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TOGARAM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TOGARAM1 were set to 32747439
Phenotypes for gene: TOGARAM1 were set to Cleft of the lip and palate; Microphthalmia; Cerebral dysgenesis; Hydrocephalus
Added comment: PMID: 32747439 (2020) - Novel gene-disease association. In two sibling fetuses with a malformation disorder characterised by microcephaly, severe cleft lip and palate, microphthalmia, and brain anomalies, WES revealed compound heterozygous variants ([c.1102C>T, p.Arg368Trp] and [c.3619C>T, p.Arg1207*]) in the TOGARAM1 gene.

Functional analysis of the missense variant in a C. elegans model showed impaired lipophilic dye uptake, with shorter and altered cilia in sensory neurons. In vitro analysis revealed faster microtubule polymerisation compared to wild-type, suggesting aberrant tubulin binding.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4132 PCGF2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PCGF2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4129 TRIT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4126 CREBBP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CREBBP was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4125 CRIPT Ain Roesley gene: CRIPT was added
gene: CRIPT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CRIPT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CRIPT were set to 24389050; 27250922
Phenotypes for gene: CRIPT were set to Short stature with microcephaly and distinctive facies (MIM#615789)
Penetrance for gene: CRIPT were set to unknown
Review for gene: CRIPT was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 24389050
- 2 unrelated probands homozygous for PTVs. However 1 was deceased and DNA was unavailable therefore parents were sequenced

PMID: 27250922
- 1x proband
- het for a missense which was maternally inherited. Because the father was negative for SNVs, they did CMA and found a small heterozygous deletion 1.6kb in size encompassing exon 1 of CRIPT. This deletion was paternally inherited

*did not find new reports since
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4123 DIAPH1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DIAPH1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4121 UFC1 Paul De Fazio gene: UFC1 was added
gene: UFC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: UFC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: UFC1 were set to 29868776; 30552426
Phenotypes for gene: UFC1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity and poor growth (MIM#618076)
Review for gene: UFC1 was set to GREEN
gene: UFC1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: PMID 29868776: 8 affected individuals from 4 families reported. 7 were described to be postnatally microcephalic (at or below 3rd percentile). One was -5.1SD and one was -3.6SD. SD values for the others weren't provided.

The following head circumference measurements were provided for 6 of the affecteds:

51cm at 16yo; 50cm at 19yo; 42.5cm at 12mo, 45cm at 28mo, 45.2cm at 7yo; 45cm at 4yo.

3 of the families were consanguineous Saudi families with the same homozygous missense variant.

In vitro functional expression studies showed that both mutations caused impaired thioester binding with UFM1. Patient cells also showed decreased UFC1 intermediate formation with UFM1. The decrease in function was consistent with a hypomorphic allele, and the authors suggested that complete loss of function would be embryonic lethal.

PMID 30552426: 1 more individual with epileptic encephalopathy reported with a different homozygous missense variant in UFC1. The patient had microcephaly <3rd percentile.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4119 CENPE Seb Lunke Mode of inheritance for gene: CENPE was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4115 CDC6 Seb Lunke Mode of inheritance for gene: CDC6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4111 CTNND1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CTNND1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4107 RIPOR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RIPOR2 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4106 RIPOR2 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: RIPOR2.
Mendeliome v0.4104 TET2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TET2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4099 TRPM7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPM7 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4097 CHCHD10 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: CHCHD10.
Mendeliome v0.4095 CHCHD10 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CHCHD10 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.4094 CHCHD10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHCHD10 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4091 NOTCH3 Eleanor Williams gene: NOTCH3 was added
gene: NOTCH3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NOTCH3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: NOTCH3 were set to 31960911
Phenotypes for gene: NOTCH3 were set to CADASIL
Review for gene: NOTCH3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 31960911 - Gravesteijn et al 2020 - describe a family with a unique cysteine-altering NOTCH3 variant in exon 9 in 5 individuals, which is predicted to cause natural exon 9 skipping. This mimics the therapeutic NOTCH3 cysteine correction approach and allows the effect of cysteine corrective exon skipping on NOTCH3 protein aggregation and disease severity in humans to be studied. In this family the CADASIL phenotype was mild.

Note this gene is rated green on the Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset panel in the Genomics England instance of PanelApp https://panelapp.genomicsengland.co.uk/panels/474/gene/NOTCH3/
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4091 ZFYVE19 Arina Puzriakova gene: ZFYVE19 was added
gene: ZFYVE19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZFYVE19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ZFYVE19 were set to 32737136
Phenotypes for gene: ZFYVE19 were set to Cholestasis
Review for gene: ZFYVE19 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 32737136 (2020) - Nine Han Chinese children from seven families with biallelic, predicted complete LoF variants in ZFYVE19. All patients had high-GGT intrahepatic cholestasis, portal hypertension, and histopathological features of the ductal plate malformation/congenital hepatic fibrosis.

ZFYVE19 depletion in cultured cells from one patient yielded centriolar and axonemal abnormalities, and immunostaining for two ciliary proteins DCDC2 and ACALT showed abnormal localisation in patient cholangiocytes, indicating this as a novel ciliopathy disorder.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4091 IARS Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: IARS.
Mendeliome v0.4089 SRD5A3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SRD5A3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4086 KIF14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4083 KIF1BP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF1BP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4082 KIF1BP Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: KIF1BP.
Mendeliome v0.4080 TRIP11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIP11 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4077 PRF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRF1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4074 HLCS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HLCS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4071 CA5A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CA5A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4070 CA5A Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: CA5A.
Mendeliome v0.4068 MOCS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MOCS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4065 KDM1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM1A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4061 COL11A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: COL11A1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.4060 COL11A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL11A1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4059 GON7 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: GON7.
Mendeliome v0.4058 YRDC Zornitza Stark gene: YRDC was added
gene: YRDC was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: YRDC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: YRDC were set to 31481669
Phenotypes for gene: YRDC were set to Galloway-Mowat syndrome
Review for gene: YRDC was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three individuals from two unrelated families with typical features of Galloway-Mowat syndrome including proteinuria, microcephaly, developmental delay and brain malformations. Supportive functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4056 GON7 Zornitza Stark gene: GON7 was added
gene: GON7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GON7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GON7 were set to 31481669
Phenotypes for gene: GON7 were set to Galloway-Mowat syndrome
Review for gene: GON7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 11 individuals from 5 families. Four of the families had the same homozygous variant, shared haplotype suggestive of founder effect. Clinical features included proteinuria, microcephaly, brain malformations and developmental delay. Supportive functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4053 LAGE3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAGE3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.4050 LINGO1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LINGO1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4046 OSGEP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OSGEP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4045 NUP107 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: NUP107.
Mendeliome v0.4043 NUP107 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NUP107 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4040 NSD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NSD2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4037 NCAPH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NCAPH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4034 ATRIP Ain Roesley gene: ATRIP was added
gene: ATRIP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATRIP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ATRIP were set to 23144622
Phenotypes for gene: ATRIP were set to Seckel Syndrome
Penetrance for gene: ATRIP were set to unknown
Review for gene: ATRIP was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 23144622;
- 1x proband from a consanguineous family
- progressive severe microcephaly (-9 to -10SD)
- cHet for a nonsense and a splice
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4032 AP4E1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AP4E1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4029 AP4B1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AP4B1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4026 TSEN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TSEN2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4023 ZSWIM6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZSWIM6 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4020 ABCB11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCB11 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4017 ABCB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCB1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.4015 AASS Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: AASS.
Mendeliome v0.4013 ABCA3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCA3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4010 ABCA12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCA12 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4007 ABCA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCA1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4004 AASS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AASS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4002 AASS Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Hyperlysinemia type I is an autosomal recessive metabolic condition with variable clinical features. Some patients who present in infancy with nonspecific seizures, hypotonia, or mildly delayed psychomotor development have been found to have increased serum lysine and pipecolic acid on laboratory analysis. However, about 50% of probands are reported to be asymptomatic. Given the broad range of clinical features and the presence of consanguinity in several families, there was not strong evidence for causality of symptoms. Hyperlysinemia is generally considered to be a benign metabolic variant rather than a disease entity.; to: Hyperlysinemia type I is an autosomal recessive metabolic condition with variable clinical features. Some patients who present in infancy with nonspecific seizures, hypotonia, or mildly delayed psychomotor development have been found to have increased serum lysine and pipecolic acid on laboratory analysis. However, about 50% of probands are reported to be asymptomatic. Given the broad range of clinical features and the presence of consanguinity in several families, there was not strong evidence for causality of symptoms. It has been suggested that hyperlysinemia is a benign metabolic variant rather than a disease entity.
Mendeliome v0.4000 AARS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AARS2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3997 AARS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AARS was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3994 AAGAB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AAGAB was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3991 PAFAH1B1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: PAFAH1B1.
Mendeliome v0.3989 PAFAH1B1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PAFAH1B1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3986 LAMB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMB1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3983 TMEM5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3980 KIF5C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF5C was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3977 KIF2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF2A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3974 ISPD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ISPD was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3971 DCX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DCX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.3967 MRPL44 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPL44 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3964 KBTBD13 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KBTBD13 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3959 LAMA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMA2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3956 GRIN2B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GRIN2B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3953 GRIN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GRIN1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3948 SEC61A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SEC61A1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3946 ALG12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG12 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3943 ALG11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG11 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3940 NPRL2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NPRL2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3938 PDE2A Zornitza Stark gene: PDE2A was added
gene: PDE2A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PDE2A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PDE2A were set to 32467598; 32196122; 29392776
Phenotypes for gene: PDE2A were set to Paroxysmal dyskinesia
Review for gene: PDE2A was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated families reported with childhood-onset refractory paroxysmal dyskinesia with cognitive impairment, sometimes associated with choreodystonia and interictal baseline EEG abnormalities or epilepsy. One of the reports characterises the disorder as 'Rett-like'.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3935 OTULIN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OTULIN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3932 RRAGC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RRAGC was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3926 CRADD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CRADD was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3923 TDGF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TDGF1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3921 GABRA6 Zornitza Stark gene: GABRA6 was added
gene: GABRA6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GABRA6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: GABRA6 were set to 21930603; 29215089; 19429026
Phenotypes for gene: GABRA6 were set to Benign familial inherited epilepsy; Childhood absence epilepsy
Review for gene: GABRA6 was set to RED
Added comment: One report in a cohort of patients with BFIE. Potential susceptibility allele in CAE.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3918 TMTC3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMTC3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3915 ARFGEF2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARFGEF2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3912 SLC6A3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC6A3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3909 MAOA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAOA was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.3908 GPHN Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: GPHN.
Mendeliome v0.3906 GPHN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GPHN was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3903 GLRB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GLRB was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3902 GLRA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GLRA1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3899 GLRA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GLRA1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3896 GABRG2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GABRG2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3893 GABRB3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GABRB3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3890 FOLR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FOLR1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3887 DBH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DBH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3884 ARHGEF9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARHGEF9 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3881 STAT5B Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: STAT5B was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3880 STAT5B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STAT5B was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3877 ALDH5A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDH5A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3874 ABAT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABAT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3872 LMBRD2 Zornitza Stark gene: LMBRD2 was added
gene: LMBRD2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LMBRD2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: LMBRD2 were set to 32820033; https://doi.org/10.1101/797787
Phenotypes for gene: LMBRD2 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Microcephaly; Seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Abnormality of the eye
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: LMBRD2 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Review for gene: LMBRD2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 13 individuals with dn missense SNVs overall, overlapping features for 10 with available phenotype / a recurring variant has been identified in 2 different studies.

► Malhotra et al (2020 - PMID: 32820033) report on 10 unrelated individuals with de novo missense LMBRD2 variants. Features included DD (9/10), ID (6/8 of relevant age), microcephaly (7/10), seizures (5/10 - >=3 different variants), structural brain abnormalities (e.g. thin CC in 6/9), highly variable ocular abnormalities (5/10) and dysmorphic features in some (7/10 - nonspecific). All had variable prior non-diagnostic genetic tests (CMA, gene panel, mendeliome, karyotype). WES/WGS revealed LMBRD2 missense variants, in all cases de novo. A single individual had additional variants with weaker evidence of pathogenicity. 5 unique missense SNVs and 2 recurrent ones (NM_001007527:c.367T>C - p.Trp123Arg / c.1448G>A - p.Arg483His) were identified. These occurred in different exons. Variants were not present in gnomAD and all had several in silico predictions in favor of a deleterious effect. There was phenotypic variability among individuals with the same variant (e.g. seizures in 1/3 and microchephaly in 2/3 of those harboring R483H). The gene has a pLI of 0 (although o/e ranges from 0.23 to 0.55), %HI of 15.13 and z-score of 2.27. The authors presume that haploinsufficiency may not apply, and consider a gain-of-function/dominant-negative effect more likely. As the authors comment LMBRD2 (LMBR1 domain containing 2) encodes a membrane bound protein with poorly described function. It is widely expressed across tissues with notable expression in human brain (also in Drosophila, or Xenopus laevis). It displays high interspecies conservation. It has been suggested (Paek et al - PMID: 28388415) that LMBRD2 is a potential regulator of β2 adrenoreceptor signalling through involvement in GPCR signalling.

► Kaplanis et al (2020 - https://doi.org/10.1101/797787) in a dataset of 31058 parent-offspring trios (WES) previously identified 3 individuals with developmental disorder, harboring c.1448G>A - p.Arg483His. These individuals (1 from the DDD study, and 2 GeneDx patients) appear in Decipher. [ https://decipher.sanger.ac.uk/ddd/research-variant/40e17c78cc9655a6721006fc1e0c98db/overview ]. The preprint by Kaplanis et al is cited by Malhotra et al, with Arg483His reported in 6 patients overall in both studies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3869 KAT5 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KAT5 was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.3868 KAT5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KAT5 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3864 AFG3L2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AFG3L2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3862 MYOD1 Zornitza Stark gene: MYOD1 was added
gene: MYOD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MYOD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MYOD1 were set to 26733463; 30403323; 31260566
Phenotypes for gene: MYOD1 were set to Myopathy, congenital, with diaphragmatic defects, respiratory insufficiency, and dysmorphic facies, MIM# 618975
Review for gene: MYOD1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3860 TMEM237 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM237 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3857 NOD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NOD2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3854 PAX3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PAX3 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3853 KANSL1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: KANSL1.
Mendeliome v0.3851 KANSL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KANSL1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3848 ESRRB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ESRRB was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3846 HNRNPA2B1 Zornitza Stark gene: HNRNPA2B1 was added
gene: HNRNPA2B1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: HNRNPA2B1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: HNRNPA2B1 were set to 23455423; 30279180; 29358076; 26744327; 23635965
Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPA2B1 were set to Inclusion body myopathy with early-onset Paget disease with or without frontotemporal dementia 2 MIM#615422
Review for gene: HNRNPA2B1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One family reported that segregates cognitive impairment as part of the phenotype, and extensive functional analysis of protein, including a drosophila model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3844 PSMC3 Zornitza Stark gene: PSMC3 was added
gene: PSMC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PSMC3 were set to 32500975
Phenotypes for gene: PSMC3 were set to Deafness; cataract
Review for gene: PSMC3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Three affected individuals from a single consanguineous family reported with homozygous intronic variant. Animal model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3841 SOS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SOS2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3840 SOS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SOS2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3836 RAI1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAI1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3834 TAF1C Zornitza Stark gene: TAF1C was added
gene: TAF1C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TAF1C was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TAF1C were set to 32779182
Phenotypes for gene: TAF1C were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Spasticity; Strabismus; Seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology
Review for gene: TAF1C was set to AMBER
Added comment: Knuutinen et al (2020 - PMID: 32779182) report on 2 individuals from 2 consanguineous families, homozygous for TAF1C missense variants. Both presented with an early onset neurological phenotype with severe global DD, ID (2/2 - moderate and profound), spasticity (2/2), ophthalmic findings (strabismus 2/2, nystagmus 1/2). Epilepsy, abnormal brain MRI (cerebral and cerebellar atrophy and white matter hyperintensities) as well and additional findings were reported in one (always the same individual). Following a normal CMA, exome in the first case revealed a homozygous missense SNV (NM_005679.3:c.1165C>T / p.Arg389Cys) supported by in silico predictions. mRNA and protein levels were substantially reduced in fibroblasts from this subject. Only the patient and parents were tested for the variant but not 3 unaffected sibs (fig1). The second individual was homozygous for another missense variant (p.Arg405Cys) also supported by in silico predictions. The girl was the single affected person within the family with an unaffected sib and parents heterozygous for the variant. Several other unaffected relatives in the extended pedigree were either carriers for this variant or homozygous for the wt allele. TAF1C encodes the TATA-box binding protein associated factor (TAF) RNA polymerase I subunit. RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes genes to produce rRNA. For Pol I to initiate transcription, two transcription factors are required : UBF (upstream binding factor encoded by UBTF) and SL1 (selectivity factor 1). The latter is formed by TBP (TATA-binding protein) and 3 Pol I-specific TBP-associated factors (TAFs). A recurrent de novo missense variant in UBTF (encoding the other Pol I transcription factor) causes a disorder with highly similar features. The specific variant acts through a gain-of-function mechanism (and not by LoF which appears to apply for TAF1C based on expression data). The authors hypothesize that altered Pol I activity and resulting ribosomal stress could cause the microcephaly and leukodystrophy (both reported in 1 - the same - individual).
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3831 KALRN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KALRN was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3827 KRT6C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KRT6C was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3824 KRT6B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KRT6B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3821 KRT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KRT2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3818 KRT17 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KRT17 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3815 SERPINB7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SERPINB7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3814 SERPINB7 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: SERPINB7.
Mendeliome v0.3812 SLURP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLURP1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3809 ACTN4 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: ACTN4 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3808 ACTN4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTN4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3807 VKORC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VKORC1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3805 TPM4 Zornitza Stark gene: TPM4 was added
gene: TPM4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TPM4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: TPM4 were set to 28134622; 31249973; 21153663
Phenotypes for gene: TPM4 were set to Macrothrombocytopaenia
Review for gene: TPM4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three families reported in addition to genome-wide association studies in nearly 70,000 individuals which indicate that SNVs in TPM4 exert an effect on the count and volume of platelets.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3802 THPO Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: THPO was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3798 TBXAS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TBXAS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3796 SRC Zornitza Stark gene: SRC was added
gene: SRC was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SRC was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SRC were set to 31204551; 26936507
Phenotypes for gene: SRC were set to Thrombocytopaenia 6, MIM# 616937
Review for gene: SRC was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two families, and convincing functional data including animal model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3794 SLFN14 Zornitza Stark gene: SLFN14 was added
gene: SLFN14 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLFN14 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SLFN14 were set to 26280575; 26769223
Phenotypes for gene: SLFN14 were set to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 20, MIM# 616913
Review for gene: SLFN14 was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least four unrelated families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3792 PTPRJ Zornitza Stark gene: PTPRJ was added
gene: PTPRJ was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPRJ was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PTPRJ were set to 30591527
Phenotypes for gene: PTPRJ were set to Thrombocytopaenia
Review for gene: PTPRJ was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two siblings reported with nonsyndromic thrombocytopenia characterised by spontaneous bleeding, small-sized platelets, and impaired platelet responses to the GPVI agonists collagen and convulxin. Supportive zebrafish model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3790 PTGS1 Zornitza Stark gene: PTGS1 was added
gene: PTGS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PTGS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PTGS1 were set to 32299908; 11442478; 27629384; 8562397
Phenotypes for gene: PTGS1 were set to Platelet dysfunction; bleeding
Review for gene: PTGS1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single molecularly characterised family reported. However, note at least two previous older reports where deficiency was identified at protein rather than gene level.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3789 PRKACG Zornitza Stark gene: PRKACG was added
gene: PRKACG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKACG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PRKACG were set to 25061177; 30819905
Phenotypes for gene: PRKACG were set to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 19, MIM# 616176
Review for gene: PRKACG was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported only. A heterozygous VOUS reported in another individual in PMID 30819905 together with several other VOUS in same individual.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3787 PLAU Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: PLAU.
Mendeliome v0.3787 PLAU Zornitza Stark gene: PLAU was added
gene: PLAU was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLAU was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PLAU were set to 20007542
Phenotypes for gene: PLAU were set to Quebec platelet disorder, MIM# 601709
Review for gene: PLAU was set to GREEN
Added comment: Note this is a tandem 78kb duplication of the gene, multiple families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3785 PLA2G4A Zornitza Stark gene: PLA2G4A was added
gene: PLA2G4A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLA2G4A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PLA2G4A were set to 18451993; 25102815; 23268370
Phenotypes for gene: PLA2G4A were set to Gastrointestinal ulceration, recurrent, with dysfunctional platelets, MIM# 618372
Review for gene: PLA2G4A was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least three unrelated individuals reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3783 MPIG6B Zornitza Stark gene: MPIG6B was added
gene: MPIG6B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MPIG6B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MPIG6B were set to 31276734; 29898956; 27743390
Phenotypes for gene: MPIG6B were set to Thrombocytopenia, anemia, and myelofibrosis, MIM# 617441
Review for gene: MPIG6B was set to GREEN
Added comment: Six families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3780 MAT2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAT2A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3776 LOX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LOX was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3773 KDSR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KDSR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3770 GGCX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GGCX was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3767 GPI Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GPI was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3764 KANK2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KANK2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3763 FAM83G Zornitza Stark gene: FAM83G was added
gene: FAM83G was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM83G was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FAM83G were set to 29138053
Phenotypes for gene: FAM83G were set to Palmoplantar keratoderma, curly scalp hair and toenail dystrophy
Review for gene: FAM83G was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 29138053; - 2 siblings born of consanguineous family presented with palmoplantar keratoderma and exuberant curly scalp hair - progressive development of yellowish thickened scaly skin affecting the palms and soles since 2 years of age, and toenail dystrophy in their teenage years > homozygous for a missense p.(Ala34Glu)
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3759 CAST Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CAST was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3756 CARD14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CARD14 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3753 TRPV3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPV3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3750 EPHB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EPHB2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3746 ACTN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTN1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3745 DSG3 Zornitza Stark gene: DSG3 was added
gene: DSG3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: DSG3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DSG3 were set to 30528827
Phenotypes for gene: DSG3 were set to Mucosal blistering
Review for gene: DSG3 was set to RED
Added comment: One individual with recurrent blisters and erosions in the oral mucosa since birth homozygous for p(.R287*).
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3741 MADD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MADD was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3738 UNC45A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UNC45A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3735 HFE2 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: HFE2.
Mendeliome v0.3734 HFE2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HFE2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3732 FAM50A Zornitza Stark gene: FAM50A was added
gene: FAM50A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM50A was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Publications for gene: FAM50A were set to 32703943
Phenotypes for gene: FAM50A were set to Mental retardation syndrome, X-linked, Armfield type (MIM #300261)
Review for gene: FAM50A was set to GREEN
Added comment: Lee et al (2020 - PMID: 32703943) provide evidence that Armfield X-Linked intellectual disability syndrome is caused by monoallelic FAM50A pathogenic variants. The current review is based only on this reference. The authors provide clinical details on 6 affected individuals from 5 families. Features included postnatal growth delay, DD and ID (6/6 - also evident for those without formal IQ assesment), seizures (3/6 from 2 families), prominent forehead with presence of other facial features and variable head circumference (5th to >97th %le), ocular anomalies (5/6 - strabismus/nystagmus/Axenfeld-Rieger), cardiac (3/6 - ASD/Fallot) and genitourinary anomalies (3/6). In the first of these families (Armfield et al 1999 - PMID: 10398235), linkage analysis followed by additional studies (Sanger, NGS of 718 genes on chrX, X-exome NGS - several refs provided) allowed the identification of a FAM50A variant. Variants in other families were identified by singleton (1 fam) or trio-ES (3 fam). In affected individuals from 3 families, the variant had occurred de novo. Carrier females in the other families were unaffected (based on pedigrees and/or the original publication). XCI was rather biased in most obligate carrier females from the 1st family (although this ranged from 95:5 to 60:40). Missense variants were reported in all affected subjects incl. Trp206Gly, Asp255Gly, Asp255Asn (dn), Glu254Gly (dn), Arg273Trp (dn) (NM_004699.3). Previous studies have demonstrated that FAM50A has ubiquitous expression in human fetal and adult tissues (incl. brain in fetal ones). Immunostaining suggests a nuclear localization for the protein (NIH/3T3 cells). Comparison of protein levels in LCLs from affected males and controls did not demonstrate significant differences. Protein localization for 3 variants (transfection of COS-7 cells) was shown to be similar to wt. Complementation studies in zebrafish provided evidence that the identified variants confer partial loss of function (rescue of the morpholino phenotype with co-injection of wt but not mt mRNA). The zebrafish ko model seemed to recapitulate the abnormal development of cephalic structures and was indicative of diminished/defective neurogenesis. Transcriptional dysregulation was demonstrated in zebrafish (altered levels and mis-splicing). Upregulation of spliceosome effectors was demonstrated in ko zebrafish. Similarly, mRNA expression and splicing defects were demonstrated in LCLs from affected individuals. FAM50A pulldown followed by mass spectrometry in transfected HEK293T cells demonstrated enrichment of binding proteins involved in RNA processing and co-immunoprecipitation assays (transfected U-87 cells) suggested that FAM50A interacts with spliceosome U5 and C-complex proteins. Overall aberrant spliceosome C-complex function is suggested as the underlying pathogenetic mechanism. Several other neurodevelopmental syndromes are caused by variants in genes encoding C-complex affiliated proteins (incl. EFTUD2, EIF4A3, THOC2, etc.).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3729 ADK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3728 SGK3 Zornitza Stark gene: SGK3 was added
gene: SGK3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SGK3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SGK3 were set to 31821448
Phenotypes for gene: SGK3 were set to Hypophosphatemic rickets
Review for gene: SGK3 was set to RED
Added comment: 5 individuals from one family where a splice site variant segregated with disease.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3725 SEC24D Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SEC24D was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3722 P4HB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: P4HB was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3719 MPDZ Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MPDZ was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3716 B3GNT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: B3GNT2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3713 CNTN2 Zornitza Stark gene: CNTN2 was added
gene: CNTN2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CNTN2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CNTN2 were set to 23518707
Phenotypes for gene: CNTN2 were set to Epilepsy
Review for gene: CNTN2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported in 2013, supportive mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3709 DTNA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DTNA was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3707 HYLS1 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: HYLS1.
Mendeliome v0.3705 HYLS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: HYLS1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3704 HYLS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HYLS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3700 RAC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: RAC1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3699 RAC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAC1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3697 FANCD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FANCD2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3694 BCOR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BCOR was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.3692 ARSE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARSE was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.3690 ARSE Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: ARSE.
Mendeliome v0.3688 TPP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TPP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3685 PSAT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PSAT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3682 FBXO11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FBXO11 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3679 FRMD7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FRMD7 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.3676 AIFM1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AIFM1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.3675 PIGQ Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PIGQ: Added comment: Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in PIGQ cause Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 77 (MIM #618548).

Johnstone et al (2020 - PMID: 32588908) describe the phenotype of 7 children (from 6 families) with biallelic PIGQ pathogenic variants. The authors also review the phenotype of 3 subjects previously reported in the literature (by Martin et al, Alazami et al, Starr et al - respective PMIDs: 24463883, 25558065, 31148362).

Affected individuals displayed severe to profound global DD/ID and seizures with onset in the first year of life. There were variable other features incl. - among others - genitourinary, cardiac, skeletal, ophthalmological anomalies, gastrointestinal issues. Within the cohort there was significant morbidity/mortality.

PIGQ encodes phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class Q protein, playing a role (early) in the biosynthesis of the GPI-anchor. Several genes in the GPI biosynthesis pathway cause multi-system disease with DD/ID and seizures. Flow cytometry has been used in individuals with PIGQ-related disorder. Serum ALP was elevated in some (4) although - as the authors comment - elevations are more typical in disorders affecting later steps of GPI biosynthesis.

More than 10 variants have been reported to date (missense / pLoF).; Changed phenotypes: Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 77, MIM# 618548
Mendeliome v0.3673 SEC61B Zornitza Stark gene: SEC61B was added
gene: SEC61B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SEC61B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SEC61B were set to 28862642; 30652979; 28375157
Phenotypes for gene: SEC61B were set to Polycystic liver disease with or without renal cysts
Review for gene: SEC61B was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3669 C3orf52 Zornitza Stark gene: C3orf52 was added
gene: C3orf52 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: C3orf52 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: C3orf52 were set to 32336749
Phenotypes for gene: C3orf52 were set to Localized hypotrichosis
Review for gene: C3orf52 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 2 families with 4 individuals with localised hypotrichosis and homozygous variants in C3ORF52. C3ORF52 was found to be coexpressed with lipase H in the inner root sheath of the hair follicle and the two proteins were found to directly interact. The LAH-causing variants were associated with decreased C3ORF52 expression and resulted in markedly reduced lipase H–mediated 2-acyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) biosynthesis. Same pathway as two other genes for localised hypotrichosis (LIPH and LPAR6)
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3668 NDUFA8 Zornitza Stark gene: NDUFA8 was added
gene: NDUFA8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFA8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NDUFA8 were set to 32385911
Phenotypes for gene: NDUFA8 were set to NDUFA8-related mitochondrial disease; Developmental delay; microcehaly; seizures
Review for gene: NDUFA8 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported with homozygous variant, fibroblasts showed apparent biochemical defects in mitochondrial complex I.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3666 DLG5 Zornitza Stark gene: DLG5 was added
gene: DLG5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DLG5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DLG5 were set to 32631816
Phenotypes for gene: DLG5 were set to Cystic kidneys, nephrotic syndrome, hydrocephalus, limb abnormalities, congenital heart disease and craniofacial malformations
Review for gene: DLG5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated families reported, supportive Xenopus animal model data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3659 RELN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RELN was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3657 CALCRL Hazel Phillimore gene: CALCRL was added
gene: CALCRL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CALCRL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CALCRL were set to PMID: 30115739
Phenotypes for gene: CALCRL were set to ?Lymphatic malformation 8 (MIM# 618773); hydrops fetalis
Review for gene: CALCRL was set to RED
Added comment: Homozygous in-frame deletion (Val205del) in the CALCRL gene (Val205del) in a 22 week-old fetus with hydrops details due to lymphatic malformation. Consanguineous parents.
Heterozygosity of the variant was also suggested to be associated with spontaneous miscarriage and subfertility. Consanguineous family with 8 total miscarriages from 3 carrier women, and 2 of these were confirmed to be due to hydrops fetalis.
Note: possible association of a variant in ASAH1 gene that is associated with Farber lipogranulomatosis which can sometimes present with antenatal hydrops fetalis. (Homozygosity in one of the fetuses, fetus and heterozygosity in some of the family members).
In vitro biochemical assays indicated that the variant causes misfolding of the protein and reduced association with its chaperone, RAMP2, and reduced translocation to the plasma membrane. (PMID: 30115739; Mackie, DI. et al., 2018).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3657 M1AP Ee Ming Wong gene: M1AP was added
gene: M1AP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: M1AP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: M1AP were set to PMID: 32673564
Phenotypes for gene: M1AP were set to non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA); severe spermatogenic failure; male infertility
Review for gene: M1AP was set to GREEN
gene: M1AP was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: - One frameshift variant identified in 9 infertile men either in homozygous or compound heterozygous form
- One missense variant segregated with infertility in five men from a consanguineous Turkish family
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3657 AHR Chern Lim gene: AHR was added
gene: AHR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: AHR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: AHR were set to 29726989; 31896775
Phenotypes for gene: AHR were set to ?Retinitis pigmentosa 85 MIM#618345; foveal hypoplasia and infantile nystagmus
Review for gene: AHR was set to AMBER
Added comment: - One reported homozygous splice variant in a consanguineous family & a mouse model (PMID: 29726989)

- A homozygous nonsense variant in 1 consanguineous family with foveal hypoplasia and infantile nystagmus (PMID:31896775).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3653 CRY1 Ee Ming Wong gene: CRY1 was added
gene: CRY1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CRY1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CRY1 were set to PMID: 28388406; PMID: 32538895
Phenotypes for gene: CRY1 were set to Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD),
Penetrance for gene: CRY1 were set to Incomplete
Review for gene: CRY1 was set to GREEN
gene: CRY1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: - Splice variants identified in 7 families with ADHD and DSPD
- Gain of function suggested for CRY1Δ11 (PMID: 28388406)
- Loss of function suggested for CRY1Δ6 (HEK293T cells transfected with a Per1::Luc reporter plasmid showed reduced repressor activity compared to WT and CRY1Δ11)
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3648 FBXL7 Hazel Phillimore changed review comment from: Homozygous deletion of exon 3 of FBXL7 (predicted to be in-frame) in a 2-year old with novel form of Hennekam syndrome. Each parent was heterozygous.
Patient had lymphedema, protein‐losing enteropathy, dental anomalies, camptodactyly, microtia, small auditory canals, ductive hearing loss, middle ear anomalies, bifid scrotum, and facial dysmorphic features including hypertelorism, telecanthus, epicanthal folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, broad and depressed nasal bridge, and thickened nasal alae.
Sources: Literature; to: Homozygous deletion of exon 3 of FBXL7 (predicted to be in-frame) in a 2-year old with novel form of Hennekam syndrome. Each parent was heterozygous.
Patient had lymphedema, protein‐losing enteropathy, dental anomalies, camptodactyly, microtia, small auditory canals, ductive hearing loss, middle ear anomalies, bifid scrotum, and facial dysmorphic features including hypertelorism, telecanthus, epicanthal folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, broad and depressed nasal bridge, and thickened nasal alae.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3647 FBXL7 Hazel Phillimore gene: FBXL7 was added
gene: FBXL7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FBXL7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FBXL7 were set to PMID: 31633297
Phenotypes for gene: FBXL7 were set to Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome; lymphedema; protein‐losing enteropathy; dental anomalies; camptodactyly; microtia; small auditory canals; ductive hearing loss; middle ear anomalies, bifid scrotum, and facial dysmorphic features including hypertelorism, telecanthus, epicanthal folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, broad and depressed nasal bridge, and thickened nasal alae.
Review for gene: FBXL7 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Homozygous deletion of exon 3 of FBXL7 (predicted to be in-frame) in a 2-year old with novel form of Hennekam syndrome. Each parent was heterozygous.
Patient had lymphedema, protein‐losing enteropathy, dental anomalies, camptodactyly, microtia, small auditory canals, ductive hearing loss, middle ear anomalies, bifid scrotum, and facial dysmorphic features including hypertelorism, telecanthus, epicanthal folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, broad and depressed nasal bridge, and thickened nasal alae.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3647 HPDL Crystle Lee gene: HPDL was added
gene: HPDL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: HPDL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HPDL were set to 32707086
Phenotypes for gene: HPDL were set to Neurological disorder
Review for gene: HPDL was set to GREEN
Added comment: Biallelic variants reported in 13 families with a neurodegenerative disease ranging from neonatal encephalopathy to adolescent-onset spastic paraplegia
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.3646 PJA1 Zornitza Stark gene: PJA1 was added
gene: PJA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PJA1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: PJA1 were set to 32530565
Phenotypes for gene: PJA1 were set to Intellectual disability; trigonocephaly
Review for gene: PJA1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Recurrent variant, p.Arg376Cys, reported in 7 Japanese individuals, supportive mouse model. Individuals shared a common haplotype, suggestive of founder effect
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3645 MYLPF Crystle Lee gene: MYLPF was added
gene: MYLPF was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: MYLPF was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MYLPF were set to 32707087
Phenotypes for gene: MYLPF were set to Distal arthrogryoposis
Review for gene: MYLPF was set to GREEN
Added comment: 2 different homozygous variants reported in 6 consanguineous families with DA and an additional 2 different dominantly inherited variants in 2 families, with supporting animal model.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.3645 NCKAP1L Michelle Torres gene: NCKAP1L was added
gene: NCKAP1L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NCKAP1L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NCKAP1L were set to 32647003
Phenotypes for gene: NCKAP1L were set to Immunodeficiency
Review for gene: NCKAP1L was set to GREEN
Added comment: 5 patients from 4 families with recurrent bacterial and viral skin infections, severe respiratory tract infections leading to pneumonia and bronchiectasis. Functional of the 4 missense reported were performed.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3645 MCF2 Zornitza Stark gene: MCF2 was added
gene: MCF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MCF2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: MCF2 were set to 31846234
Phenotypes for gene: MCF2 were set to Perisylvian polymicrogyria
Review for gene: MCF2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported, inherited missense variant from unaffected mother, some support from mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3644 SCAF4 Crystle Lee gene: SCAF4 was added
gene: SCAF4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: SCAF4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: SCAF4 were set to 32730804
Phenotypes for gene: SCAF4 were set to Mild intellectual disability; seizures; behavioral abnormalities
Review for gene: SCAF4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: > 5 variants reported in individuals with variable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mild intellectual disability, seizures, behavioral abnormalities, and various skeletal and structural anomalies.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.3643 NARS Zornitza Stark gene: NARS was added
gene: NARS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NARS was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NARS were set to 32738225
Phenotypes for gene: NARS were set to Abnormal muscle tone; Microcephaly; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Ataxia; Abnormality of the face; Demyelinating peripheral neuropathy
Review for gene: NARS was set to GREEN
Added comment: [Please note that HGNC Approved Gene Symbol for this gene is NARS1] Manole et al (2020 - PMID: 32738225) provide evidence that both biallelic and monoallelic (de novo) pathogenic NARS1 variants cause a neurodevelopmental disorder. In total 32 individuals from 21 families are reported, with biallelic variants identified in individuals from 13 families and de novo in 8 families. Similar features were reported for AR/AD occurrences of the disorder and included microcephaly (90% - most often primary), epilepsy (23/32 or 74% - variable semiology incl. partial/myoclonic/generalized tonic-clonic seizures), DD and ID (as a universal feature), abnormal tone in several (hypotonia/spasticity), ataxia, demyelinating peripheral neuropathy (in 3 or more for each inheritance mode - or a total of 25%). Some individuals had dysmorphic features. NARS1 encodes an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) [asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase 1]. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases constitute a family of enzymes catalyzing attachment of amino-acids to their cognate tRNAs. As the authors comment, mutations in genes encoding several other ARSs result in neurological disorders ranging from peripheral neuropathy to severe multi-systemic NDD. Dominant, recessive or both modes for inheritance for mutations in the same gene (e.g. AARS1, YARS1, MARS1, etc) have been reported. Some variants were recurrent, e.g. the c.1600C>T / p.Arg534* which occurred in 6 families as a de novo event or c.1633C>T p.Arg545Cys (homozygous in 6 families). 3 different variants were reported to have occured de novo (c.965G>T - p.Arg322Leu, c.1525G>A - p.Gly509Ser, p.Arg534*) with several other variants identified in hmz/compound htz individuals. A single SNV (c.1067A>C - p.Asp356Ala) was suggested to be acting as modifier and pathogenic only when in trans with a severe variant. [NM_004539.4 used as RefSeq for all]. The authors provide several lines of evidence for a partial loss-of-function effect (e.g. reduction in mRNA expression, enzyme levels and activity in fibroblasts or iNPCs) underlying pathogenicity of the variants identified in individuals with biallelic variants. A gain-of-function (dominant-negative) effect is proposed for de novo variants (such effect also demonstrated for the p.Arg534* in a zebrafish model).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3640 ZNF407 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF407 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3636 DDX58 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DDX58 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3633 SYNE2 Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: SYNE2.
Mendeliome v0.3631 MAPK1 Zornitza Stark gene: MAPK1 was added
gene: MAPK1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MAPK1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MAPK1 were set to 32721402
Phenotypes for gene: MAPK1 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Behavioral abnormality; Growth delay; Abnormality of the face; Abnormality of the neck; Abnormality of the cardiovascular system; Abnormality of the skin
Review for gene: MAPK1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Motta et al (2020 - PMID: 32721402) report on 7 unrelated individuals harboring de novo missense MAPK1 pathogenic variants.

The phenotype corresponded to a neurodevelopmental disorder and - as the authors comment - consistently included DD, ID , behavioral problems. Postnatal growth delay was observed in approximately half. Hypertelorism, ptosis, downslant of palpebral fissures, wide nasal bridge as low-set/posteriorly rotated ears were among the facial features observed (each in 3 or more subjects within this cohort). Together with short/webbed neck and abnormalities of skin (lentigines / CAL spots) and growth delay these led to clinical suspicion of Noonan s. or disorder of the same pathway in some. Congenital heart defects (ASD, mitral valve insufficiency, though not cardiomyopathy) occurred in 4/7. Bleeding diathesis and lymphedema were reported only once.

MAPK1 encodes the mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (also known as ERK2) a serine/threonine kinase of the RAS-RAF-MEK-(MAPK/)ERK pathway.

MAPK1 de novo variants were identified in all individuals following trio exome sequencing (and extensive previous genetic investigations which were non-diagnostic).

The distribution of variants, as well as in silico/vitro/vivo studies suggest a GoF effect (boosted signal through the MAPK cascade. MAPK signaling also upregulated in Noonan syndrome).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3628 ASPM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ASPM was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3626 AMBRA1 Bryony Thompson gene: AMBRA1 was added
gene: AMBRA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: AMBRA1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: AMBRA1 were set to 17589504; 32333458
Phenotypes for gene: AMBRA1 were set to Neural tube defects
Review for gene: AMBRA1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 5 rare missense variants were identified in 6 cases from a neural tube defect cohort, and 4 (p.Thr80Met, p.Leu274Phe, p.Ser743Phe, and p.Met884Val) of them were functionally validated to affect autophagy regulation in vitro or zebrafish embryo development in vivo. There is also null mouse model with neural tube defects.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3624 ERLEC1 Bryony Thompson gene: ERLEC1 was added
gene: ERLEC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ERLEC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ERLEC1 were set to 32442352
Phenotypes for gene: ERLEC1 were set to Class III malocclusion
Review for gene: ERLEC1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: A heterozygous missense variant was found to co-segregate with dentofacial deformity in a multi-generational Chinese pedigree (2 unaffected carriers & 11 affected carriers), and 3 additional missense variants were identified in 3 unrelated cases from a sporadic malocclusion cohort. Additional functional assays were conducted to demonstrate that the proper level of ERLEC1 expression is crucial for proper osteogenic differentiation. All identified missense variants were assessed using luciferase reporter assays, and altered activity.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3620 WDR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3618 KREMEN1 Bryony Thompson gene: KREMEN1 was added
gene: KREMEN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: KREMEN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KREMEN1 were set to 27049303; 27550540
Phenotypes for gene: KREMEN1 were set to Ectodermal dysplasia 13, hair/tooth type MIM#617392
Review for gene: KREMEN1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 4 consanguineous Palestinian families segregating the same homozygous missense (Phe209Ser) with disease phenotype which includes hair abnormalities. Possible founder variant. There are also animal model functional assays that suggest the gene is involved in hair development.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3612 TUBB2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBB2A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3609 PMP22 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PMP22 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3608 PMP22 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: PMP22.
Mendeliome v0.3607 OTX2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OTX2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3604 CDAN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDAN1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3601 NGLY1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NGLY1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3599 IMPG2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IMPG2 was changed from BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3596 IMPG2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IMPG2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3594 EEF1A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EEF1A2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3591 EEF1A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: EEF1A2 was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.3590 ANO1 Arina Puzriakova changed review comment from: PMID: 32487539 (2020) - Two affected sibs presenting in early infancy with impaired intestinal peristalsis, intestinal pneumatosis and dysmorphic features. Delayed motor and language development was reported in one sibling, however, the other sibling died at 5 months from cardiac arrest and therefore a psychomotor assessment was performed. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous truncating variant (c.897+3_897+6delAAGT, p.L300Vfs*58) in ANO1 which segregated with disease in the family. Functional data revealed that the variant led to lack of expression of functional TMEM16A in patient cells, which in turn abolished calcium-activated Cl- currents. Also supportive mouse model.
Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 32487539 (2020) - Two affected sibs presenting in early infancy with impaired intestinal peristalsis, intestinal pneumatosis and dysmorphic features. Delayed motor and language development was reported in one sibling, however, the other sibling died at 5 months from cardiac arrest and therefore a psychomotor assessment was not performed. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous truncating variant (c.897+3_897+6delAAGT, p.L300Vfs*58) in ANO1 which segregated with disease in the family. Functional data revealed that the variant led to lack of expression of functional TMEM16A in patient cells, which in turn abolished calcium-activated Cl- currents. Also supportive mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3590 ANO1 Arina Puzriakova gene: ANO1 was added
gene: ANO1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ANO1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ANO1 were set to 32487539
Added comment: PMID: 32487539 (2020) - Two affected sibs presenting in early infancy with impaired intestinal peristalsis, intestinal pneumatosis and dysmorphic features. Delayed motor and language development was reported in one sibling, however, the other sibling died at 5 months from cardiac arrest and therefore a psychomotor assessment was performed. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous truncating variant (c.897+3_897+6delAAGT, p.L300Vfs*58) in ANO1 which segregated with disease in the family. Functional data revealed that the variant led to lack of expression of functional TMEM16A in patient cells, which in turn abolished calcium-activated Cl- currents. Also supportive mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3590 GNPNAT1 Arina Puzriakova gene: GNPNAT1 was added
gene: GNPNAT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GNPNAT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GNPNAT1 were set to 32591345
Phenotypes for gene: GNPNAT1 were set to Rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia
Review for gene: GNPNAT1 was set to RED
Added comment: Four affected sibs from a consanguineous Pakistani family with skeletal dysplasia, characterised by severe short stature, rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, and metacarpal and metatarsal length irregularities in the hands and feet. WGS revealed a homozygous missense variant (c.226G>A; p.Glu76Lys) in GNPNAT1, which segregating with the phenotype.
Gnpnat1 gene knockdown in primary rat chondrocytes decreased cellular proliferation and expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers, indicating the importance of Gnpnat1 for growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3588 PKD1L1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PKD1L1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3586 IVNS1ABP Bryony Thompson gene: IVNS1ABP was added
gene: IVNS1ABP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: IVNS1ABP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: IVNS1ABP were set to 32499645
Phenotypes for gene: IVNS1ABP were set to Primary immunodeficiency
Review for gene: IVNS1ABP was set to GREEN
Added comment: 3 unrelated families with putative loss of function variants. Case features and immunophenotyping of patient cells is suggestive of a combined immune deficiency, based on the ESID definitions of PID subtypes.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3584 PTPN2 Bryony Thompson gene: PTPN2 was added
gene: PTPN2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPN2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PTPN2 were set to 32499645; 27658548
Phenotypes for gene: PTPN2 were set to Lupus; arthritis; common variable immunodeficiency
Review for gene: PTPN2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A single family with a proband diagnosed with CVID and arthiritis (among other features) with an intronic expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) rs2847297-G in trans with a stopgain variant. The stopgain variant was also identified in the proband's mother, who was diagnosed with lupus. A Ptpn2 deficient mouse model also demonstrates an autoimmune phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3582 SOCS1 Bryony Thompson gene: SOCS1 was added
gene: SOCS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SOCS1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SOCS1 were set to 32499645; 10490099; 10490100
Phenotypes for gene: SOCS1 were set to Common variable immunodeficiency
Review for gene: SOCS1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 2 unrelated families with truncating variants with supportive immunophenotyping of patient cells, and supporting null mouse models.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3576 OXCT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OXCT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3573 KCNJ1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3570 ZFYVE27 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZFYVE27 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3566 MYOZ2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYOZ2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3562 PDLIM3 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: PDLIM3.
Mendeliome v0.3561 OBSCN Paul De Fazio gene: OBSCN was added
gene: OBSCN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: OBSCN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: OBSCN were set to 30681346; 26573135; 17716621; 25173926; 28630914
Phenotypes for gene: OBSCN were set to Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: OBSCN was set to RED
gene: OBSCN was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Limited evidence by ClinGen working group.

Via ClinGen: 8 probands in 3 publications but only 3 probands from 1 publication were though to have pathogenic variants (others were excluded based on population frequency and expert review).

No additional case reports were found. A mouse model lends some support to the association of this gene with heart disease although not HCM specifically.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3561 PDLIM3 Ain Roesley gene: PDLIM3 was added
gene: PDLIM3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PDLIM3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: PDLIM3 were set to 30681346; 26455666; 20801532
Phenotypes for gene: PDLIM3 were set to Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Penetrance for gene: PDLIM3 were set to unknown
Added comment: PMID: 30681346;
LIMITED by ClinGen working group

PMID: 26455666;
1x proband with multi-exon deletion

PMID: 20801532;
1x proband het for a missense
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3561 TRIM63 Ain Roesley gene: TRIM63 was added
gene: TRIM63 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIM63 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TRIM63 were set to 30681346; 32451364
Phenotypes for gene: TRIM63 were set to Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Penetrance for gene: TRIM63 were set to unknown
Review for gene: TRIM63 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 30681346;
LIMITED by Clingen working group (last evaluated 2018)

PMID: 32451364
- 16 index cases with rare homozygous or compound heterozygous variants (15 HCM and one restrictive cardiomyopathy). None of these variants have homozygote counts in gnomAD.
- segregated in 3 families
- 1 index had another pathogenic truncating variant in MYBPC3
- 5 missense and 3 PTCs
- Familial evaluation showed that only homozygous and compound heterozygous had signs of disease, whereas all heterozygous family members were healthy
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3561 KLF10 Paul De Fazio gene: KLF10 was added
gene: KLF10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF10 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: KLF10 were set to 22234868
Phenotypes for gene: KLF10 were set to HCM
gene: KLF10 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Curated by ClinGen and rated as limited evidence.

Misssense mutations reported in six unrelated individuals patients (two males/four females), with family history of HCM only reported for one individual (PMID: 22234868). No further reports in the literature.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3560 KRT71 Bryony Thompson gene: KRT71 was added
gene: KRT71 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KRT71 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KRT71 were set to 14632181; 22592156; 19713490
Phenotypes for gene: KRT71 were set to ?Hypotrichosis 13, 615896
Review for gene: KRT71 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A single family with 3 affected members of a 3-generation Japanese family segregating a missense variant (F141C) with autosomal dominant woolly hair/hypotrichosis, with supporting functional assays and animal models.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3559 ACADL Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: ACADL.
Mendeliome v0.3557 ACADL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACADL was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3553 TWNK Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TWNK was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3552 TWNK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TWNK was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3551 UBE2T Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: UBE2T.
Mendeliome v0.3548 P2RX2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: P2RX2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3545 KCNQ4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNQ4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3542 FLCN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FLCN was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3539 LARS Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Lenz et al (2020 - PMID: 32699352) review the phenotype of 25 affected individuals from 15 families.

Seizures occurred in 19/24 and were commonly associated with infections. Encephalopathic episodes (in 13 patients) accompanied by seizures up to status epilepticus occurred independently of hepatic decompensation.

In addition 22/24 presented with neurodevelopmental delay. The authors comment that cognitive impairment was present in 13/17 individuals (mild-severe) whereas most presented with learning disabilities.

These patients will most likely investigated for their liver disease (although presentation was highly variable and/or very mild in few).

The gene encodes a cytoplasmic amino-acyl tRNA synthetase (ARS) with neurologic manifestations observed in almost all patients (and seizures / DD and ID common to other disorders due to mutations in other genes encoding for ARSs).

Please note that the HGNC approved symbol for this gene is LARS1.
Mendeliome v0.3539 LARS Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: LARS.
Mendeliome v0.3537 KERA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KERA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3534 CTRC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CTRC was changed from Unknown to Other
Mendeliome v0.3530 CPA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CPA1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3527 CLDN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLDN2 was changed from Unknown to Other
Mendeliome v0.3524 BMP10 Zornitza Stark gene: BMP10 was added
gene: BMP10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: BMP10 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: BMP10 were set to 30578383
Phenotypes for gene: BMP10 were set to Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Review for gene: BMP10 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A truncating mutation and a predicted loss-of-function missense variant were identified in BMP10 in two severely affected sporadic PAH female patients.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3522 SMAD1 Zornitza Stark gene: SMAD1 was added
gene: SMAD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SMAD1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SMAD1 were set to 21898662; 23478097
Phenotypes for gene: SMAD1 were set to Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Review for gene: SMAD1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One missense variant identified in a PAH case. Mouse model is consistent with pulmonary hypertension.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3521 BRAP Zornitza Stark gene: BRAP was added
gene: BRAP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: BRAP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: BRAP were set to 30703135
Phenotypes for gene: BRAP were set to Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Review for gene: BRAP was set to RED
Added comment: A single BRAP missense variant in a Japanese family with PAH, with in vitro functional assays suggesting a gain-of-function.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3520 KLF2 Zornitza Stark gene: KLF2 was added
gene: KLF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KLF2 were set to 28188237
Phenotypes for gene: KLF2 were set to Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Review for gene: KLF2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3518 ATP13A3 Zornitza Stark gene: ATP13A3 was added
gene: ATP13A3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP13A3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ATP13A3 were set to 31798832; 30679663; 29650961
Phenotypes for gene: ATP13A3 were set to Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Review for gene: ATP13A3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three heterozygous frameshift variants, three stop gained, two splice region variants in ATP13A3, which are predicted to lead to loss of ATPase catalytic activity identified in idiopathic/familial PAH cases. Also one case with putative recessive inheritance reported. ATP13A3 mRNA expression is confirmed in primary PASMCs and endothelial cells where its loss hindered proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of endothelial cells, which is known as the initiation event of PAH.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3515 SMARCA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SMARCA2 was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.3514 SMARCA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMARCA2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3511 MORC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MORC2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3508 DBT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DBT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3507 PLCB3 Zornitza Stark gene: PLCB3 was added
gene: PLCB3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLCB3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PLCB3 were set to 29122926
Phenotypes for gene: PLCB3 were set to Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with corneal dystrophy, MIM# 618961
Review for gene: PLCB3 was set to RED
Added comment: Single consanguineous family reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3504 ACOX1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACOX1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3500 MPL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MPL was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3497 SH2B3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SH2B3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3494 HPD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HPD was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3491 FANCM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FANCM was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3487 HDAC8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HDAC8 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.3486 RBM8A Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: RBM8A.
Mendeliome v0.3485 RBM8A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RBM8A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3482 RPL15 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL15 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3479 RPS28 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS28 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3475 RPS29 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS29 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3473 UMOD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UMOD was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3470 REN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: REN was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3465 UVSSA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UVSSA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3462 SEC23A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SEC23A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3456 VPS33A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS33A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3452 COG2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COG2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3450 DACT1 Natalie Tan gene: DACT1 was added
gene: DACT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: DACT1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DACT1 were set to PMID: 28054444; 22610794; 19701191
Phenotypes for gene: DACT1 were set to ?Townes-Brocks syndrome 2 (OMIM #617466)
Review for gene: DACT1 was set to RED
Added comment: Webb et al. (2017) reported 6 affected members of a 3-generation family with ?Townes-Brocks syndrome-2, identified heterozygosity for a nonsense mutation in the DACT1 gene that segregated with disease. Clinical features include imperforate anus, rectovaginal fistula, crossed fused renal ectopia, vesicoureteral reflux, unilateral microtia, overfolded helices and cupped ears. One family member (proband's mother) with scoliosis and spina bifida occulta. Neural tube defects reported in a study of human fetuses (PMID: 22610794) and a mouse model (PMID: 19701191). Listed in Decipher v10.0 for an individual with abnormalities of (i) head or neck (ii) nervous system (iii) skeletal system. Unlike the gene SALL1 that causes Townes-Brocks syndrome 1, there is no information specifically relating to DACT1 with radial dysplasia, as these were not observed in the family with ?Townes-Brocks syndrome 2 (PMID: 28054444).
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.3448 G6PC3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: G6PC3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3445 POGLUT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POGLUT1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3442 ARSG Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: ARSG.
Mendeliome v0.3440 FAM92A Zornitza Stark gene: FAM92A was added
gene: FAM92A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM92A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FAM92A were set to 30395363
Phenotypes for gene: FAM92A were set to Polydactyly, postaxial, type A9, MIM# 618219
Review for gene: FAM92A was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single family and a mouse model reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3438 KIAA0825 Zornitza Stark gene: KIAA0825 was added
gene: KIAA0825 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIAA0825 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KIAA0825 were set to 32147526; 30982135
Phenotypes for gene: KIAA0825 were set to Polydactyly, postaxial, type A10, MIM# 618498
Review for gene: KIAA0825 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3435 ZNF141 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF141 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3430 NR0B1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: NR0B1.
Mendeliome v0.3428 NR0B1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NR0B1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.3425 NSDHL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NSDHL was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.3424 TFR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TFR2 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3420 TFR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TFR2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3417 ABCD3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCD3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3410 NSMF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NSMF was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3408 SPRY4 Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: SPRY4.
Mendeliome v0.3406 SPRY4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPRY4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3402 KISS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KISS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3398 INSL3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: INSL3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3394 IL17RD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL17RD was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3392 HS6ST1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HS6ST1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to Other
Mendeliome v0.3389 HS6ST1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HS6ST1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3385 GNRH1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GNRH1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3381 CUX2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CUX2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3378 DPM1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DPM1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3376 GIPC1 Zornitza Stark gene: GIPC1 was added
gene: GIPC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
5'UTR, STR tags were added to gene: GIPC1.
Mode of inheritance for gene: GIPC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: GIPC1 were set to 32413282
Phenotypes for gene: GIPC1 were set to Oculopharyngodistal myopathy-2 (OPDM2), MIM#618940
Review for gene: GIPC1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 19 families reported with heterozygous trinucleotide repeat expansion in the 5-prime untranslated region and onset of distal muscle weakness, mainly of the lower limbs, and/or ophthalmoplegia in the second or third decades of life. Note this is unlikely to be tractable currently by most NGS assays.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3373 SMC3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMC3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3370 DEAF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: DEAF1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3369 DEAF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DEAF1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3364 ABCC9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCC9 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3361 TSPYL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TSPYL1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3357 PIGM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGM was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3355 PIGM Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: PIGM.
Mendeliome v0.3353 LEP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LEP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3350 LEPR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LEPR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3347 FEZF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FEZF1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3343 ESR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ESR2 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3340 DMRT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DMRT1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3336 CBX2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CBX2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3331 MCM5 Crystle Lee gene: MCM5 was added
gene: MCM5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: MCM5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MCM5 were set to 28198391
Phenotypes for gene: MCM5 were set to ?Meier-Gorlin syndrome 8 (MIM#617564)
Review for gene: MCM5 was set to RED
Added comment: Compound heterozgyous variants reported in one patient. Insufficient evidence supporting gene disease association
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.3329 CNPY3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CNPY3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3327 KIF21B Zornitza Stark gene: KIF21B was added
gene: KIF21B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF21B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KIF21B were set to 32415109
Phenotypes for gene: KIF21B were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of brain morphology; Microcephaly
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KIF21B was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Review for gene: KIF21B was set to GREEN
Added comment: Asselin et al (2020 - PMID: 32415109) report on 4 individuals with KIF21B pathogenic variants. DD/ID (borderline intellectual functioning to severe ID) was a feature in all. Variable other findings included brain malformations (CCA) and microcephaly. 3 missense variants and a 4-bp insertion were identified, in 3 cases as de novo events while in a single subject the variant was inherited from the father who was also affected. The authors provide evidence for a role of KIF21B in the regulation of processes involved in cortical development and deleterious effect of the missense variants impeding neuronal migration and kinesin autoinhibition. Phenotypes specific to variants (e.g. CCA or microcephaly) were recapitulated in animal models. Missense variants are thought to exert a gain-of-function effect. As commented on, the 4-bp duplication (/frameshift) variant might not be pathogenic. In blood sample from the respective individual, RT-qPCR analysis suggested that haploinsufficiency (NMD) applies. Although Kif21b haploinsufficiency in mice was shown to lead to impaired neuronal positioning, the gene might partially tolerate LoF variants as also suggested by 28 such variants in gnomAD. Homozygous Kif21b ko mice display severe morphological abnormalities, partial loss of commissural fibers, cognitive deficits and altered synaptic transmission (several refs to previous studies provided by the authors).
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.3325 TBC1D2B Zornitza Stark gene: TBC1D2B was added
gene: TBC1D2B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: TBC1D2B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TBC1D2B were set to 32623794
Phenotypes for gene: TBC1D2B were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Gingival overgrowth; Behavioral abnormality; Abnormality of the mandible; Abnormality of brain morphology; Abnormality of the eye; Hearing abnormality
Review for gene: TBC1D2B was set to GREEN
Added comment: Harms et al (2020 - PMID: 32623794) report on 3 unrelated individuals with biallelic pLoF TBC1D2B variants. Features included cognitive impairment (mild ID in one case, regression at the age of 12y in another, hypotonia and delayed milestones in a third aged 8m), seizures (3/3 - variable age of onset) and/or gingival overgrowth (2/3 - prior to initiation of AEDs). Other findings included behavioral abnormalities, mandibular anomalies, abnormal brain imaging and ophthalmologic or (rarely) audiometric evaluations. All were born to non-consanguineous couples and additional investigations were performed in some. Variants were identified by WES or trio WGS, with Sanger confirmation/compatible segregation analyses. In line with the pLoF variants, mRNA studies in fibroblasts from 2 unrelated affected individuals demonstrated significantly reduced (~80-90%) TBC1C2D mRNA levels compared to controls, restored following cycloheximide treatment. Protein was absent in patient fibroblasts. TBC-domain containing GTPase activating proteins are known as key regulators of RAB GTPase activity. TBC1D2B was shown to colocalize with RAB5-positive endocytic vesicles. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ko of TBC1D2B in HeLa cells suggested a role in EGF receptor endocytosis and decreased cell viability of TBC1D2B-deficient HeLa cells upon serum deprivation. Genes encoding other TBC domain-containg GTPase-activating proteins, e.g. TBC1D7 and TBC1D20, TBC1D24 are associated with recessive neurodevelopmental disorders (with ID and/or seizures) and the pathophysiological defect in TBC1D2B-related disorder (deficit in vesicle trafficking and/or cell survival) is proposed to be similar to that of TBC1D24.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.3323 EXOC2 Zornitza Stark gene: EXOC2 was added
gene: EXOC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: EXOC2 were set to 32639540
Phenotypes for gene: EXOC2 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the face; Abnormality of brain morphology
Review for gene: EXOC2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Van Bergen et al (2020 - PMID: 32639540) report on 3 individuals from 2 families, harboring biallelic EXOC2 mutations. Clinical presentation included DD, ID (severe in 2 subjects from fam1, borderline intellectual functioning in fam2), dysmorphic features and brain abnormalities. Cerebellar anomalies were common to all with a molar tooth sign observed in one (1/3). Other findings limited to subjects from one family included acquired microcephaly, congenital contractures, spastic quadriplegia (each observed 2/3). Previous investigations were in all cases non-diagnostic. WES identified biallelic EXOC2 mutations in all affected individuals. EXOC2 encodes an exocyst subunit. The latter is an octameric complex, component of the membrane transport machinery, required for tethering and fusion of vesicles at the plasma membrane. As discussed ,vesicle transport is important for the development of brain and the function of neurons and glia. Exocyst function is also important for delivery of Arl13b to the primary cilium (biallelic ARL13B mutations cause Joubert syndrome 8) and ciliogenesis. Affected subjects from a broader consanguineous family (fam1) were homozygous for a truncating variant. Fibroblast studies revealed mRNA levels compatible with NMD (further restored in presence of CHX) as well as reduced protein levels. The female belonging to the second non-consanguineous family was found to harbor 2 missense variants in trans configuration. An exocytosis defect was demonstrated in fibroblasts from individuals belonging to both families. Ciliogenesis appeared to be normal, however Arl13b localization/recruitment to the cilia was reduced compared with control cells with the defect rescued upon exogenous expression of wt EXOC2. Mutations in other genes encoding components of the exocyst complex have been previously reported in individuals with relevant phenotypes (e.g. EXOC8 in a boy with features of Joubert s. or EXOC4 in nephrotic syndrome). The authors discuss on the essential role of EXOC2 based on model organism studies (e.g. impaired neuronal membrane traffic, failure of neuronal polarization and neuromuscular junction expansion seen in Drosophila Sec5 (EXOC2) null mutants).
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.3321 CCDC174 Zornitza Stark gene: CCDC174 was added
gene: CCDC174 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC174 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CCDC174 were set to 26358778
Phenotypes for gene: CCDC174 were set to Hypotonia, infantile, with psychomotor retardation - IHPMR, 616816
Review for gene: CCDC174 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Biallelic pathogenic CCDC174 variants cause Hypotonia, infantile, with psychomotor retardation - IHPMR (MIM 616816). Volodarsky et al [2015 - PMID: 26358778] describe 6 children from 2 unrelated families with - among others - severe hypotonia, psychomotor delay and abducens nerve palsy. All affected subjects were homozygous for a stoploss variant. Evidence from functional studies/animal model is provided supporting the role of the gene in this phenotype. Overall this gene can be considered for inclusion in the ID panel with amber rating (2 families, single founder variant, consistent phenotype, supportive studies) pending further reports.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.3318 ABCA2 Zornitza Stark gene: ABCA2 was added
gene: ABCA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCA2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ABCA2 were set to 30237576; 29302074; 31047799
Phenotypes for gene: ABCA2 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with poor growth and with or without seizures or ataxia, 618808
Review for gene: ABCA2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Biallelic pathogenic ABCA2 variants cause Intellectual developmental disorder with poor growth and with or without seizures or ataxia (MIM 618808). There are 3 relevant publications (01-07-2020) : - Maddirevula et al [2019 - PMID: 30237576] described briefly 2 unrelated subjects (16-2987, 16DG0071) both DD and seizures among other manifestations. - Hu et al [2019 - PMID: 29302074] reported 3 sibs (M8600615 - III:1-3) born to consanguineous parents (M8600615 - III:1-3) with DD/ID (formal confirmation of moderate ID, in those (2) evaluated). One also presented with seizures. - Aslam and Naz [2019 - PMID: 31047799] provided clinical details on 2 siblings born to consanguineous parents. ID was reported for the older sib but was absent in the younger one. Seizures were not part of the phenotype. All subjects harbored biallelic pLoF variants. N.B. : Steinberg et al [2015 - PMID: 25773295], within a cohort of patients with ALS, identified one with biallelic ABCA2 variants. As however Aslam and Naz comment, this person harbored a single pathogenic variant, with a second one rather unlikely to be pathogenic due to high allele frequency. Overall this gene can be considered for inclusion with green rating in both ID and epilepsy panels (each in >=3 unrelated individuals).
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.3315 HERC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HERC2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3310 TTI1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TTI1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3308 SGMS2 Bryony Thompson gene: SGMS2 was added
gene: SGMS2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SGMS2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SGMS2 were set to 30779713; 32028018
Phenotypes for gene: SGMS2 were set to Calvarial doughnut lesions with bone fragility with or without spondylometaphyseal dysplasia MIM#126550
Review for gene: SGMS2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 12 patients from 6 unrelated families with the same stopgain variant (p.Arg50*), with osteoporosis that resembles osteogenesis imperfecta. In vitro over-expression assays of the variant demonstrate protein that was completely mislocalized in the cytosolic and nuclear compartments. 2 unrelated families were heterozygous for 2 missense (p.Ile62Ser, p.Met64Arg) with bone fragility and severe short stature, and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. In vitro assays of each variant demonstrated an enhanced rate of de novo sphingomyelin production by blocking export of a functional enzyme from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3305 AKR1C4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AKR1C4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3301 PIP5K1C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIP5K1C was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3297 ERBB3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ERBB3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3293 DPM2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DPM2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3290 C17orf62 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: C17orf62.
Mendeliome v0.3288 DYSF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DYSF was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3285 NEB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEB was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3282 MRPS34 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPS34 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3279 GLS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GLS was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3276 PYCR1 Seb Lunke Mode of inheritance for gene: PYCR1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3273 PIGY Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGY was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3269 MTMR14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MTMR14 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3268 P4HA1 Zornitza Stark gene: P4HA1 was added
gene: P4HA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: P4HA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: P4HA1 were set to 28419360
Phenotypes for gene: P4HA1 were set to Joint hypermobility; Contractures; Hypotonia; Mild skeletal dysplasia without bone fragility; High myopia
Review for gene: P4HA1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported with two affected individuals.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3266 GGPS1 Zornitza Stark gene: GGPS1 was added
gene: GGPS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GGPS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GGPS1 were set to 32403198
Phenotypes for gene: GGPS1 were set to Muscular dystrophy; Deafness; Ovarian insufficiency
Review for gene: GGPS1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 11 individuals from 6 unrelated families reported. In addition to proximal weakness, all but one patient presented with congenital sensorineural hearing loss, and all postpubertal females had primary ovarian insufficiency. Muscle histology was dystrophic, with ultrastructural evidence of autophagic material and large mitochondria in the most severe cases. Knock-in mouse of one of the mutations (Y259C) resulted in prenatal lethality.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3264 DNMBP Seb Lunke gene: DNMBP was added
gene: DNMBP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DNMBP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DNMBP were set to 30290152
Phenotypes for gene: DNMBP were set to congenital cataract
Review for gene: DNMBP was set to GREEN
gene: DNMBP was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Multiple individuals from three independent large consanguineous families with bilateral infantile cataracts. Seperate hom nonsense variants.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3263 CRYGA Zornitza Stark gene: CRYGA was added
gene: CRYGA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
refuted tags were added to gene: CRYGA.
Mode of inheritance for gene: CRYGA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CRYGA were set to 30450742; 28839118
Phenotypes for gene: CRYGA were set to Cataract
Review for gene: CRYGA was set to RED
Added comment: Reported as potentially disease causing in multiple individuals from two seperate families, but in both cases variant is present in the general population (20 Hets for one variant, >1000 hets and 9 homs in other variant)
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3262 AKR1E2 Zornitza Stark gene: AKR1E2 was added
gene: AKR1E2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: AKR1E2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: AKR1E2 were set to 26622071
Phenotypes for gene: AKR1E2 were set to congenital cataracts
Review for gene: AKR1E2 was set to RED
Added comment: Same family with homozygous canonical splice variants and 3 cases of congenital cataract described in 2012 (original) and 2015 (review). No other descriptions since.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3259 ADAMTSL4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAMTSL4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3258 ADAMTSL4 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: ADAMTSL4.
Mendeliome v0.3256 HIST1H4C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HIST1H4C was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3253 SFTPA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SFTPA1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3250 CFAP74 Zornitza Stark gene: CFAP74 was added
gene: CFAP74 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP74 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CFAP74 were set to 32555313
Phenotypes for gene: CFAP74 were set to Primary ciliary dyskinesia; infertility
Review for gene: CFAP74 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated individuals with compound het missense variants reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3248 ASPRV1 Ee Ming Wong gene: ASPRV1 was added
gene: ASPRV1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ASPRV1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ASPRV1 were set to PMID: 32516568
Phenotypes for gene: ASPRV1 were set to palmoplantar keratoderma; lamellar ichthyosis
Review for gene: ASPRV1 was set to GREEN
gene: ASPRV1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: -3 heterozygous missense variants identified across 4 unrelated kindreds
-mutant ASPRV1 expressed in human keratinocytes suggests impaired filaggrin processing
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3244 LGR4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LGR4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3242 SREBF1 Paul De Fazio gene: SREBF1 was added
gene: SREBF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SREBF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: SREBF1 were set to 32497488
Phenotypes for gene: SREBF1 were set to IFAP (ichthyosis follicularis, atrichia, and photophobia) syndrome
Review for gene: SREBF1 was set to GREEN
gene: SREBF1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 11 unrelated, ethnically diverse individuals with autosomal-dominant IFAP syndrome. 3 different msisense variants identified affecting the same region (residues 527, 528, and 530). Functional studies support impaired function (impaired nuclear translocation of the transcriptionally active form of SREBP1 resulting in lower expression of the SREBP1 variants). Increased keratinocyte apoptosis was observed in patient scalp samples.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3241 BTG4 Ain Roesley gene: BTG4 was added
gene: BTG4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: BTG4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: BTG4 were set to PMID: 32502391
Phenotypes for gene: BTG4 were set to Zygotic cleavage failure (ZCF)
Penetrance for gene: BTG4 were set to unknown
Added comment: PMID: 32502391
- 4 affecteds from 4 families including 3 consanguineous families. 3 PTVs + 1 splice.
- in vitro assays in HELA cells showed all PTVs had complete loss of protein. The missense variant had abolished interaction with CNOT7
- In vivo studies further demonstrated that the process of maternal mRNA decay was disrupted in the zygotes of the affected individuals, which provides a mechanistic explanation for the phenotype of ZCF
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3240 KIAA1217 Zornitza Stark gene: KIAA1217 was added
gene: KIAA1217 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIAA1217 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KIAA1217 were set to 32369272
Phenotypes for gene: KIAA1217 were set to Vertebral anomalies, syndromic and non-syndromic
Review for gene: KIAA1217 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 10 families reported, however note only 3 of the variants were absent from gnomad, inheritance not reported, most variants are missense.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3239 RAP1GDS1 Zornitza Stark gene: RAP1GDS1 was added
gene: RAP1GDS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RAP1GDS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RAP1GDS1 were set to 32431071
Phenotypes for gene: RAP1GDS1 were set to Intellectual disability; dysmorphic features
Review for gene: RAP1GDS1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Four individuals from two consanguineous families, same homozygous splice site variant detected.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3236 HOXD10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HOXD10 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3232 ADPRHL2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADPRHL2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3230 GPR161 Zornitza Stark gene: GPR161 was added
gene: GPR161 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GPR161 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: GPR161 were set to 31609649
Phenotypes for gene: GPR161 were set to Predisposition to paediatric medulloblastoma
Review for gene: GPR161 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 6 unrelated individuals reported with germline variants, 5 with truncating, one missense. Somatic second hit in tumour tissue.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3227 SETD1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SETD1B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3225 ARF1 Zornitza Stark gene: ARF1 was added
gene: ARF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ARF1 were set to 28868155
Phenotypes for gene: ARF1 were set to Periventricular nodular heterotopia 8, MIM# 618185
Review for gene: ARF1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with de novo missense in this gene.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3222 MRAS Zornitza Stark gene: MRAS was added
gene: MRAS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MRAS was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MRAS were set to 28289718
Phenotypes for gene: MRAS were set to Noonan syndrome
Review for gene: MRAS was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene. Rated as LIMITED by ClinGen.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3219 A2ML1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: A2ML1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3216 NRG1 Bryony Thompson gene: NRG1 was added
gene: NRG1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: NRG1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: NRG1 were set to 22574178; 21706185; 28190554
Phenotypes for gene: NRG1 were set to Hirschsprung disease
Review for gene: NRG1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Has been reported as a Hirschsprung disease susceptibility loci, with common, low-penetrance polymorphisms that contribute only partially to risk and can act as genetic modifiers. There are also two publications with rare variants reported in this gene (at least one de novo) and supporting in vitro functional assays. A null zebrafish model was also supportive of a role in Hirschsprung disease.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3213 FLRT3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FLRT3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3203 RAD21 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RAD21 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3202 CAPZA2 Eleanor Williams gene: CAPZA2 was added
gene: CAPZA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CAPZA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: CAPZA2 were set to 32338762
Phenotypes for gene: CAPZA2 were set to intellectual disability
Review for gene: CAPZA2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 32338762 - Huang et al 2020 - report 2 unrelated families (Chinese and European) in which a de novo heterozygous variant has been identified in CAPZA2 in paediatric probands that present with global motor development delay, speech delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia. One proband had seizures at 7 months but these were controlled with medication and did not repeat. The other proband at age one had an atypical febrile seizure that was controlled without medication. Functional studies in Drosophila suggest that these variants are mild loss of function mutations but that they can act as dominant negative variants in actin polymerization in bristles.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3202 PPP3R1 Eleanor Williams gene: PPP3R1 was added
gene: PPP3R1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP3R1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: PPP3R1 were set to 32337552; 19159392
Phenotypes for gene: PPP3R1 were set to Deafness, autosomal dominant 58 MIM#615654
Review for gene: PPP3R1 was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 32337552 - Lezirovitz et al 2020- ~200 Kb genomic duplication in 2p14 was found that segregates with postlingual progressive sensorineural autosomal dominant hearing loss in a large Brazilian family with 20 affected individuals (the reported DFNA58 family from PMID: 19159392). The duplication covers PLEK and CNRIP1, and the first exon of PPP3R1 (protein coding), as well as four uncharacterized long non-coding RNA genes and part of a novel protein-coding gene. Cnrip1, Plek and Ppp3r1 genes are all expressed in the adult mouse cochlea and CNRIP1 mRNA was overexpressed in affected family members.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3202 PLEK Eleanor Williams gene: PLEK was added
gene: PLEK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLEK was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: PLEK were set to 32337552; 19159392
Phenotypes for gene: PLEK were set to Deafness, autosomal dominant 58 MIM#615654
Review for gene: PLEK was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 32337552 - Lezirovitz et al 2020- ~200 Kb genomic duplication in 2p14 was found that segregates with postlingual progressive sensorineural autosomal dominant hearing loss in a large Brazilian family with 20 affected individuals (the reported DFNA58 family from PMID: 19159392). The duplication covers PLEK and CNRIP1, and the first exon of PPP3R1 (protein coding), as well as four uncharacterized long non-coding RNA genes and part of a novel protein-coding gene. Cnrip1, Plek and Ppp3r1 genes are all expressed in the adult mouse cochlea and CNRIP1 mRNA was overexpressed in affected family members.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3202 CNRIP1 Eleanor Williams gene: CNRIP1 was added
gene: CNRIP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CNRIP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: CNRIP1 were set to 32337552; 19159392
Phenotypes for gene: CNRIP1 were set to Deafness, autosomal dominant 58 MIM#615654
Review for gene: CNRIP1 was set to RED
Added comment: PMID: 32337552 - Lezirovitz et al 2020- ~200 Kb genomic duplication in 2p14 was found that segregates with postlingual progressive sensorineural autosomal dominant hearing loss in a large Brazilian family with 20 affected individuals (the reported DFNA58 family from PMID: 19159392). The duplication covers PLEK and CNRIP1, and the first exon of PPP3R1 (protein coding), as well as four uncharacterized long non-coding RNA genes and part of a novel protein-coding gene. Cnrip1, Plek and Ppp3r1 genes are all expressed in the adult mouse cochlea and CNRIP1 mRNA was overexpressed in affected family members.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3202 CCDC32 Eleanor Williams gene: CCDC32 was added
gene: CCDC32 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC32 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CCDC32 were set to 32307552
Phenotypes for gene: CCDC32 were set to craniofacial, cardiac and neurodevelopmental anomalies
Review for gene: CCDC32 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 32307552 - Harel et al 2020 - reports 2 unrelated consanguineous families with probands with homozygous frameshift variants in CCDC32. Parents are heterozygous. Phenotype is a congenital syndrome characterized by craniofacial, cardiac and neurodevelopmental anomalies. Functional studies in zebrafish show that ccdc32 depletion impairs cilia formation and shows a role for ccdc32 in craniofacial, brain and left/right axis development.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3200 SKIV2L Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SKIV2L was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3198 NLRP5 Zornitza Stark gene: NLRP5 was added
gene: NLRP5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NLRP5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NLRP5 were set to 32222962; 31829238; 30877238
Phenotypes for gene: NLRP5 were set to Early embryonic arrest
Review for gene: NLRP5 was set to AMBER
Added comment: At least two families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3196 EXOC7 Zornitza Stark gene: EXOC7 was added
gene: EXOC7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOC7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: EXOC7 were set to 32103185
Phenotypes for gene: EXOC7 were set to brain atrophy; seizures; developmental delay; microcephaly
Review for gene: EXOC7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 families with 8 affected individuals with brain atrophy, seizures, and developmental delay, and in more severe cases microcephaly and infantile death. Four novel homozygous or comp.heterozygous variants found in EXOC7, which segregated with disease in the families. They showed that EXOC7, a member of the mammalian exocyst complex, is highly expressed in developing human cortex. In addition, a zebrafish model of Exoc7 deficiency recapitulates the human disorder with increased apoptosis and decreased progenitor cells during telencephalon development, suggesting that the brain atrophy in human cases reflects neuronal degeneration.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3195 HNRNPH1 Zornitza Stark gene: HNRNPH1 was added
gene: HNRNPH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: HNRNPH1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: HNRNPH1 were set to 32335897; 29938792
Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPH1 were set to HNRNPH1‐related syndromic intellectual disability
Review for gene: HNRNPH1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 1st patient reported in 2018 with intellectual disability and dysmorphic features and HNRNPH1 heterozygous missense variant. 2020 paper reports additional 7 cases with ID, short stature, microcephaly, distinctive dysmorphic facial features, and congenital anomalies (cranial, brain, genitourinary, palate, ophthalmologic). They all had HNRNPH1 heterozygous pathogenic variants (missense, frameshift, in‐frame deletion, entire gene duplication) and were identified using clinical networks and GeneMatcher. No comments in paper if all de novo.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3194 PDCD6IP Zornitza Stark gene: PDCD6IP was added
gene: PDCD6IP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PDCD6IP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PDCD6IP were set to 32286682
Phenotypes for gene: PDCD6IP were set to Microcephaly; intellectual disability
Review for gene: PDCD6IP was set to AMBER
Added comment: One consanguineous family with 2 affected sibs with primary microcephaly (-4SD), intellectual disability and short stature (-5/6SD), and homozygous frameshift variant in PDCD6IP. The homozygous variant was confirmed in both affected sibs, while the four healthy siblings and parents were heterozygous. The clinical features observed in the patients were similar to the phenotypes observed in mouse and zebrafish models of PDCD6IP mutations in previous studies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3192 NME5 Zornitza Stark gene: NME5 was added
gene: NME5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NME5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NME5 were set to 32185794
Phenotypes for gene: NME5 were set to Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Review for gene: NME5 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One patient with PCD with situs solitus, with radial spokes (RS) and central pair (CP) defects. Patient had a homozygous nonsense variant in NME5, with parents as carriers. Morpholino knockdown of nme5 in zebrafish embryos resulted in motile cilia defects with phenotypes compatible with ciliopathy.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3189 EMILIN1 Naomi Baker gene: EMILIN1 was added
gene: EMILIN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EMILIN1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: EMILIN1 were set to PMID: 31978608; 26462740.
Phenotypes for gene: EMILIN1 were set to peripheral neuropathy
Penetrance for gene: EMILIN1 were set to unknown
Review for gene: EMILIN1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Missense mutations identified in two families. First family, proband presented with ascending and descending aortic aneurysms, bilateral lower leg and foot sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, arthropathy, and increased skin elasticity. Variant segregated with disease in the affected proband, mother, and son. Second family, father and three affected children showed amyotrophy and weakness of the distal lower limbs, dating back to early childhood. Some functional studies performed in patient fibroblasts and zebrafish, however these were not conclusive as the two missense mutations are at different locations within the protein.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3188 ADAMTS3 Zornitza Stark gene: ADAMTS3 was added
gene: ADAMTS3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAMTS3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ADAMTS3 were set to 28985353; 30450763
Phenotypes for gene: ADAMTS3 were set to Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome 3 (618154)
Review for gene: ADAMTS3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two families reported, supportive functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3185 MCM3AP Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: PMID: 32202298 - Woldegebriel et al - report a further two families, one in the Netherlands and one in Estonia, with probands with compound heterozygous variants in MCM3AP and a peripheral neuropathy with or without impaired intellectual development (MIM 618124) phenotype. The child from the Netherlands presented with severe hypotonia and intellectual disability. The two siblings from the Estonian family had severe generalized epilepsy and mild spastic diplegia. Functional studies using skin fibroblasts from these and other affected patients showed that disease variants result in depletion of GANP (encoded by MCM3AP) except when they alter critical residues in the Sac3 mRNA binding domain. GANP depletion was associated with more severe phenotypes compared with the Sac3 variants.; to: PMID: 32202298 - Woldegebriel et al 2020 - report a further two families, one in the Netherlands and one in Estonia, with probands with compound heterozygous variants in MCM3AP and a peripheral neuropathy with or without impaired intellectual development (MIM 618124) phenotype. The child from the Netherlands presented with severe hypotonia and intellectual disability. The two siblings from the Estonian family had severe generalized epilepsy and mild spastic diplegia. Functional studies using skin fibroblasts from these and other affected patients showed that disease variants result in depletion of GANP (encoded by MCM3AP) except when they alter critical residues in the Sac3 mRNA binding domain. GANP depletion was associated with more severe phenotypes compared with the Sac3 variants.
Mendeliome v0.3185 SP6 Eleanor Williams gene: SP6 was added
gene: SP6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SP6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: SP6 were set to 32167558; 18156176; 18297738; 22676574
Phenotypes for gene: SP6 were set to hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta
Review for gene: SP6 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 32167558 - Smith et al 2020 - report a 2 bp variant c.817_818GC>AA in SP6 in a Caucasian family with autosomal dominant hypoplastic AI which results in a missense change. Report that mice and rat knockouts also show a dental phenotype (PMID: 18156176, 18297738, 22676574 )
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3183 MYH8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYH8 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3182 CACNB1 Zornitza Stark gene: CACNB1 was added
gene: CACNB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: CACNB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CACNB1 were set to 27832566; 8943043; 29212769
Phenotypes for gene: CACNB1 were set to Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility
Added comment: A single heterozygous case with a positive IVCT muscle biopsy has been reported with p.Val156Ala. The European non-Finnish allele frequency in gnomAD v2.1 is 0.001146 (148/129,118 alleles), which is higher than the expected population frequency for dominantly inherited malignant hyperthermia (0.1%). Additionally, functional assays of this variant, suggest it would only significantly affect function in the homozygous state (suggesting a recessive condition).
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3179 GATA6 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: GATA6 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3178 GATA6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GATA6 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3174 TSHZ1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TSHZ1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3171 TSHZ1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TSHZ1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3168 ZBTB18 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: ZBTB18 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3167 ZBTB18 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZBTB18 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3165 ESR2 Bryony Thompson gene: ESR2 was added
gene: ESR2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ESR2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3161 SETD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SETD2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3158 UBE2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UBE2A was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.3156 AXL Bryony Thompson gene: AXL was added
gene: AXL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: AXL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: AXL were set to 18787040; 24476074
Phenotypes for gene: AXL were set to Kallman syndrome; normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Review for gene: AXL was set to AMBER
Added comment: Axl null mice had delayed first oestrus and persistently abnormal oestrous cyclicality compared with wild-type controls. Only a single study reported screening human cases. In a screen of 104 probands with KS or nIHH, four heterozygous AXL mutations were identified in two KS and two nIHH unrelated subjects (two males and two females). Three of the variants appear to be too common in gnomAD v2.1 given the reported prevalence of KS reported in GeneReviews (1:30,000 in males and 1:125,000 in females): c.587-6C>T (normal splicing in RNA studies, NFE AF 0.0001472), p.Q361P (NFE 0.002560), p.L50F (AJ 0.004405). The other variant p.S202C (4 hets, 1 female in gnomAD v2.1) is rare enough in gnomAD for a dominant disorder. In vitro functional assays were conducted and p.S202C had an significant effect on function, but so did the more common variant p.Q361P.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3153 GANAB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GANAB was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3150 GOLGA2 Elena Savva gene: GOLGA2 was added
gene: GOLGA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: GOLGA2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GOLGA2 were set to PMID: 30237576; 26742501
Phenotypes for gene: GOLGA2 were set to Nueromuscular disorder
Review for gene: GOLGA2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 30237576 - One 11 year old patient with a homozygous PTC.
Patient had global dev delay, microcephaly, distal muscle weakness with joint contractures and elevated CK levels. Muscle biopsy showed dystrophin changes. MRI at 2 years old showed brain atrophy with thin corpus callosum and hypomyelination. No seizures or regression.

PMID: 26742501 - One infant with a homozygous PTC.
Patient had dev delay, seizures, microcephaly and muscular dystrophy. Zebrafish null model recapitulates the human phenotype with microcephaly and skeletal muscle disorganization.

Summary: 2 patients + animal model
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3145 PHOX2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PHOX2A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3138 ANKRD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKRD1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3134 CALR3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CALR3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3132 CALR3 Zornitza Stark Tag refuted tag was added to gene: CALR3.
Mendeliome v0.3130 ALPK3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALPK3 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3127 HSF4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HSF4 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3125 FITM2 Bryony Thompson gene: FITM2 was added
gene: FITM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: FITM2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FITM2 were set to 28067622; 30214770; 30288795
Phenotypes for gene: FITM2 were set to Siddiqi syndrome MIM#618635; dystonia; deafness
Review for gene: FITM2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 7 cases from 3 unrelated families (2 consanguineous) with a dystonia-deafness syndrome and a supporting Drosophila model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3121 CHD1L Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHD1L was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3119 CHD1L Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: CHD1L.
Mendeliome v0.3117 NEXMIF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEXMIF was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.3115 MEF2C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MEF2C was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3112 KDM6A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM6A was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.3110 STAG3 Bryony Thompson gene: STAG3 was added
gene: STAG3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: STAG3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: STAG3 were set to 24597867; 26059840; 31803224; 31363903
Phenotypes for gene: STAG3 were set to Premature ovarian failure 8 MIM#615723
Review for gene: STAG3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least four unrelated families with ovarian failure and a supporting null mouse model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3108 SOHLH1 Bryony Thompson gene: SOHLH1 was added
gene: SOHLH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SOHLH1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SOHLH1 were set to 25774885; 16690745; 31042289; 20506135; 28718531
Phenotypes for gene: SOHLH1 were set to Ovarian dysgenesis 5 MIM#617690; Spermatogenic failure 32 MIM#618115
Review for gene: SOHLH1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Women in 3 unrelated families with ovarian dysgenesis and homozygous variants, and a supporting null mouse model.
At least 4 males with heterozygous variants and spermatogenic failure.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3106 HFM1 Bryony Thompson gene: HFM1 was added
gene: HFM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: HFM1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HFM1 were set to 23555294; 24597873; 31279343
Phenotypes for gene: HFM1 were set to Premature ovarian failure 9 MIM#615724
Review for gene: HFM1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three cases from 2 unrelated families with compound heterozygous variants, and a single family with a heterozygous variant have been reported with ovarian failure. There is also a supporting null mouse model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3103 NEK9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEK9 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3099 MSTN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MSTN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3095 HSPB8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HSPB8 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3092 AMPD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AMPD1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3090 AMPD1 Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: AMPD1.
Mendeliome v0.3088 DCAF8 Bryony Thompson gene: DCAF8 was added
gene: DCAF8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: DCAF8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DCAF8 were set to 24500646
Phenotypes for gene: DCAF8 were set to Giant axonal neuropathy 2, autosomal dominant MIM#610100
Review for gene: DCAF8 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A single large family segregating a missense variant and in vitro functional assays demonstrating the variant reduces the association of DCAF8 and DDB1, which is important in Cul4-ubiquitin E3 function
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3086 ARL6IP1 Bryony Thompson gene: ARL6IP1 was added
gene: ARL6IP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARL6IP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ARL6IP1 were set to 24482476; 31272422; 30980493; 28471035
Phenotypes for gene: ARL6IP1 were set to Spastic paraplegia 61, autosomal recessive MIM#615685
Review for gene: ARL6IP1 was set to GREEN
gene: ARL6IP1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: At least 4 families reported with paediatric onset complicated spastic paraplegia and neuropathy. Supporting zebrafish model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3085 RFC1 Bryony Thompson Tag STR tag was added to gene: RFC1.
Mendeliome v0.3084 PMP2 Bryony Thompson gene: PMP2 was added
gene: PMP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PMP2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PMP2 were set to 26257172; 26828946; 27009151
Phenotypes for gene: PMP2 were set to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, demyelinating, type 1G MIM#618279
Review for gene: PMP2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 unrelated families reported with missense variants, with supporting transgenic mouse and null zebrafish models.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3082 HPRT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HPRT1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.3079 ASTN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ASTN2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3076 SI Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SI was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3075 SV2B Seb Lunke gene: SV2B was added
gene: SV2B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SV2B was set to Unknown
Publications for gene: SV2B were set to 23617838; 23937191
Phenotypes for gene: SV2B were set to seizures
Review for gene: SV2B was set to RED
Added comment: Multiply described in Epilepsy studies investigating role of SV2 gene family, however no patients directly attributed to variants in this gene and mouse models indicate viability without seizures. Sources: Literature
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3073 RYR3 Zornitza Stark gene: RYR3 was added
gene: RYR3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: RYR3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RYR3 were set to 29498452; 32451403; 31230720
Phenotypes for gene: RYR3 were set to Nemaline myopathy; fetal akinesia; arthrogryposis
Review for gene: RYR3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One family reported with nemaline myopathy and other cases reported as part of large fetal akinesia/arthrogryposis discovery cohorts reporting multiple novel gene candidates.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3070 SCN3A Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SCN3A was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3069 SCN3A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCN3A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3063 PLAG1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLAG1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3059 NEFH Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: NEFH was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3058 NEFH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEFH was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3055 SLC6A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC6A1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3052 GATM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GATM was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3051 TRIM69 Zornitza Stark gene: TRIM69 was added
gene: TRIM69 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIM69 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TRIM69 were set to 22105173
Phenotypes for gene: TRIM69 were set to Susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis
Review for gene: TRIM69 was set to RED
Added comment: One individual with bi-allelic and one individual with mono-allelic variants in this gene described.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3050 LIMS2 Zornitza Stark gene: LIMS2 was added
gene: LIMS2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: LIMS2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LIMS2 were set to 25589244; 16317048
Phenotypes for gene: LIMS2 were set to Muscular dystrophy, autosomal recessive, with cardiomyopathy and triangular tongue MIM#616827
Review for gene: LIMS2 was set to RED
Added comment: Only one family reported and Pinch2 -/- mice were viable and fertile with no apparent phenotype.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3048 PSMB1 Zornitza Stark gene: PSMB1 was added
gene: PSMB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PSMB1 were set to 32129449
Phenotypes for gene: PSMB1 were set to Intellectual disability; microcephaly
Review for gene: PSMB1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two siblings reported with a homozygous missense variant in this gene; supportive experimental evidence including zebrafish model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3045 SLC12A6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC12A6 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3042 EWSR1 Seb Lunke Mode of inheritance for gene: EWSR1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3038 C16orf62 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: C16orf62.
Mendeliome v0.3037 C16orf62 Zornitza Stark gene: C16orf62 was added
gene: C16orf62 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: C16orf62 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: C16orf62 were set to 25434475
Phenotypes for gene: C16orf62 were set to 3C/Ritscher-Schinzel-like syndrome
Review for gene: C16orf62 was set to AMBER
Added comment: HGNC approved name: VPS35L. Two variants have been reported as compound heterozygotes in two sibs with features of 3C/Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome. Functional studies show that loss of VPS35L function results in impared autophagy and VPS35L knockout mouse resulted in early embrionic lethality (PMID 25434475).
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.3034 RHOBTB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: RHOBTB2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.3033 RHOBTB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RHOBTB2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3030 PPP1CB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP1CB was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3028 NUP88 Zornitza Stark gene: NUP88 was added
gene: NUP88 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NUP88 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NUP88 were set to 30543681
Phenotypes for gene: NUP88 were set to Fetal akinesia deformation sequence 4, MIM# 618393
Review for gene: NUP88 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two unrelated families, functional data on the variants support pathogenicity as does a zebrafish model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3025 SMO Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMO was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3024 RBL2 Zornitza Stark gene: RBL2 was added
gene: RBL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RBL2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RBL2 were set to 32105419; 9806916
Phenotypes for gene: RBL2 were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: RBL2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported with pair of affected siblings. Supportive mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3022 GRM7 Zornitza Stark gene: GRM7 was added
gene: GRM7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GRM7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GRM7 were set to 32286009; 32248644
Phenotypes for gene: GRM7 were set to Epilepsy, microcephaly, developmental delay
Review for gene: GRM7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Eleven individuals from six families reported, three different homozygous variants (two missense, one LoF). Developmental delay, neonatal‐ or infantile‐onset epilepsy, and microcephaly were universal. Supportive mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3019 PYGM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PYGM was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.3017 PERP Zornitza Stark gene: PERP was added
gene: PERP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PERP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PERP were set to 31898316
Phenotypes for gene: PERP were set to Erythrokeratoderma, no OMIM # yet
Review for gene: PERP was set to AMBER
Added comment: One extended multiplex consanguineous family with Erythrokeratoderma (striking similarity to that observed in Perp −/− mice), and a novel homozygous variant (c.466G>A; p.Gly156Arg) in PERP that fully segregated with the phenotype. Functional analysis of patient‐ and control‐derived keratinocytes revealed a deleterious effect of the identified variant on the intracellular localization of PERP. A previous report showed that PERP mutation causes a dominant form of keratoderma but a single patient in that report with a homozygous variant in PERP suggests that recessive inheritance is also possible.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3015 ADCY6 Zornitza Stark gene: ADCY6 was added
gene: ADCY6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ADCY6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ADCY6 were set to 24319099; 26257172; 31846058
Phenotypes for gene: ADCY6 were set to Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 8, OMIM # 616287
Review for gene: ADCY6 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Laquerriere et al. (2014): 2 sibs from a consanguineous family with an axoglial form of lethal congenital contracture syndrome, and homozygous missense ADCY6 mutation (R1116C). The parents were heterozygous for the mutation. Knocked down ADCY6 orthologs in zebrafish showed a loss of myelin basic protein expression in the peripheral nervous system but no defects in Schwann cell migration and axonal growth. Gonzaga‐Jauregui et al. (2015): 1 patient with congenital hypotonia, distal joint contractures, hypomyelinating neuropathy, and vocal cord paralysis, and a homozygous missense ADCY6 variant. No functional studies. Deceased sister with a similar phenotype with hypotonia, areflexia, and hypomyelinating neuropathy who died at 18 months of respiratory insufficiency. Agolini et al. (2020): 1 patient with severe form of AMC, with two novel compound heterozygous variants in ADCY6 (parents confirmed carriers), but no functional studies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3014 DSCR3 Zornitza Stark gene: DSCR3 was added
gene: DSCR3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DSCR3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DSCR3 were set to 31845315
Phenotypes for gene: DSCR3 were set to Intellectual disability, no OMIM # yet
Review for gene: DSCR3 was set to RED
Added comment: 1 family/2 cousins with cognitive impairment, growth failure, skeletal abnormalities, and distinctive facial features. Both shared the homozygous nonsense variant c.178G>T (p.Glu60*) in the VPS26C gene. This gene encodes VPS26C, a member of the retriever integral membrane protein recycling pathway. The nature of the variant which is predicted to result in loss‐of‐function, expression studies revealing significant reduction in the mutant transcript, and the co‐segregation of the homozygous variant with the phenotype in two affected individuals.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3013 LEF1 Zornitza Stark gene: LEF1 was added
gene: LEF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LEF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: LEF1 were set to 32022899
Phenotypes for gene: LEF1 were set to Ectodermal dysplasia, no OMIM# yet
Review for gene: LEF1 was set to RED
Added comment: In mice, targeted inactivation of the LEF1 gene results in a complete block of development of multiple ectodermal appendages. One report of two unrelated patients with 4q25 de novo deletion encompassing LEF1 , associated with severe oligodontia of primary and permanent dentition, hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis compatible with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. So far, no pathogenic variants or variations involving the LEF1 gene have been reported in human.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3010 OTUD7A Zornitza Stark gene: OTUD7A was added
gene: OTUD7A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: OTUD7A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: OTUD7A were set to 31997314
Phenotypes for gene: OTUD7A were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, no OMIM# yet
Review for gene: OTUD7A was set to RED
Added comment: One patient with severe global developmental delay, language impairment and epileptic encephalopathy. Homozygous OTUD7A missense variant (c.697C>T, p.Leu233Phe), predicted to alter an ultraconserved amino acid, lying within the OTU catalytic domain. Its subsequent segregation analysis revealed that the parents, presenting with learning disability, and brother were heterozygous carriers. Biochemical assays demonstrated that proteasome complex formation and function were significantly reduced in patient‐derived fibroblasts and in OTUD7A knockout HAP1 cell line. Gene lies in the chromosome 15q13.3 region. Heterozygous microdeletions of chromosome 15q13.3 show incomplete penetrance and are associated with a highly variable phenotype that may include intellectual disability, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism and digit anomalies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3007 GATAD2B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GATAD2B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3003 KMT2D Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KMT2D was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.3000 COG4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COG4 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2997 ARL13B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARL13B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2994 DNAL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAL1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2992 DNAL1 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: DNAL1.
Mendeliome v0.2990 DNAH8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAH8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2987 TTC5 Zornitza Stark gene: TTC5 was added
gene: TTC5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TTC5 were set to 29302074; 32439809
Phenotypes for gene: TTC5 were set to Central hypotonia; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Microcephaly; Abnormality of the face; Behavioral abnormality; Abnormality of the genitourinary system
Review for gene: TTC5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Eleven individuals from seven families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2982 DRC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DRC1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2981 DRC1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: DRC1.
Mendeliome v0.2979 TLL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TLL1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2977 HIST1H4J Zornitza Stark gene: HIST1H4J was added
gene: HIST1H4J was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: HIST1H4J was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: HIST1H4J were set to 31804630
Phenotypes for gene: HIST1H4J were set to microcephaly; intellectual disability; dysmorphic features
Review for gene: HIST1H4J was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single case report but with functional evidence in zebrafish and phenotypic similarity to other HIST1H4C phenotype
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2974 MCIDAS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MCIDAS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2968 EFEMP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EFEMP1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2965 USP8 Bryony Thompson gene: USP8 was added
gene: USP8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
somatic tags were added to gene: USP8.
Mode of inheritance for gene: USP8 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: USP8 were set to 25675982; 24482476; 25485838; 25942478
Phenotypes for gene: USP8 were set to Pituitary adenoma 4, ACTH-secreting, somatic MIM#219090; hereditary spastic paraplegia
Review for gene: USP8 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Recurrent somatic gain of function missense variants in pituitary adenomas cause Cushing's disease.
A single family reported with spastic paraplegia with a homozygous variant, and a zebrafish model with a movement disorder.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2962 TRIM71 Seb Lunke Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TRIM71 was changed from Other to None
Mendeliome v0.2959 SCYL2 Zornitza Stark gene: SCYL2 was added
gene: SCYL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SCYL2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SCYL2 were set to 31960134; 26203146
Phenotypes for gene: SCYL2 were set to Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC); Zain syndrome
Review for gene: SCYL2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with AMC, variable other features including microcephaly.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2955 VWA3B Bryony Thompson gene: VWA3B was added
gene: VWA3B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: VWA3B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: VWA3B were set to 26157035
Phenotypes for gene: VWA3B were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 22 MIM#616948
Review for gene: VWA3B was set to AMBER
Added comment: A homozygous missense variant was identified in 3 brothers from a single consanguineous Japanese family with autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia. Transfection of the mutant VWA3B protein into several different cultured cell lines resulted in decreased cell viability.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2952 SLC12A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC12A2 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2950 PLD3 Bryony Thompson gene: PLD3 was added
gene: PLD3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLD3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PLD3 were set to 29053796; 30312375; 30312384
Phenotypes for gene: PLD3 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 46 MIM#617770
Review for gene: PLD3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A heterozygous missense was identified in 8 affected members of a single family with spinocerebellar ataxia, and supporting in vitro functional assays.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2944 POC5 Bryony Thompson gene: POC5 was added
gene: POC5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: POC5 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: POC5 were set to 25642776; 29272404
Phenotypes for gene: POC5 were set to Idiopathic scoliosis; retinitis pigmentosa; short stature; microcephaly; recurrent glomerulonephritis
Review for gene: POC5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three heterozygous missense variants identified in three families segregating with idiopathic scoliosis, and supporting zebrafish models for each of the missense variants.
Also, one case reported with retinitis pigmentosa, short stature, microcephaly, and recurrent glomerulonephritis with a homozygous truncating variant and a supporting zebrafish model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2943 KIF3B Paul De Fazio gene: KIF3B was added
gene: KIF3B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF3B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes for gene: KIF3B were set to hepatic fibrosis; retinitis pigmentosa; postaxial polydactyly
Review for gene: KIF3B was set to AMBER
Added comment: 2 families reported with missense variants, one de novo and one segregating in a six-generation pedigree. Functional studies in zebrafish showed the variants result in impaired rhodopsin trafficking.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2943 SPATA13 Ain Roesley gene: SPATA13 was added
gene: SPATA13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPATA13 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SPATA13 were set to PMID: 32339198
Phenotypes for gene: SPATA13 were set to primary angle-closure glaucoma
Added comment: PMID: 32339198; 10 unrelated probands with missense except for 2 families with inframe del of 9bp.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2943 SOX6 Paul De Fazio gene: SOX6 was added
gene: SOX6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SOX6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SOX6 were set to 32442410
Phenotypes for gene: SOX6 were set to ADHD; Craniosynostosis; Osteochondromas
Added comment: 6 LoF and 4 missense variants identified in individuals with a neurodevelopmental syndrome, however the number of families is unclear to me.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2943 CNP Kristin Rigbye gene: CNP was added
gene: CNP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CNP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CNP were set to 32128616; 12590258
Phenotypes for gene: CNP were set to Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy
Review for gene: CNP was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single consanguineous family described with homozygous missense in affected child (additional two affected deceased offspring unavailable for testing; healthy carrier parents and sibling).
Loss of protein by Western blot and defect in F-actin structure and organization observed in patient fibroblasts.
Deficiency of CNP in mouse has previously been shown to cause a lethal white matter neurodegenerative phenotype (PMID: 12590258), similar to the phenotype observed in this family.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2943 TRIM71 Elena Savva gene: TRIM71 was added
gene: TRIM71 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIM71 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: TRIM71 were set to PMID: 29983323; 32168371; 30975633
Phenotypes for gene: TRIM71 were set to Hydrocephalus, congenital communicating, 1 618667
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TRIM71 was set to Other
Added comment: PMID: 29983323 - 3 unrelated patients with de novo missense and hydrocephalus with ventriculomegaly (p.Arg608His recurrent). One patient then transmitted the variant to an affected child.

PMID: 32168371 - refers to the gene as an established sources of neurodevelopmental disorder

PMID: 30975633 - identifies and proves by functional studies that TRIM71 is essential for neurodevelopment. Proposes a LOF mechanism.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2943 RIMS2 Paul De Fazio gene: RIMS2 was added
gene: RIMS2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RIMS2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RIMS2 were set to 32470375
Review for gene: RIMS2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Segregates with Syndromic Congenital Cone-Rod Synaptic Disease in 7 individuals across 4 families. Some functional studies related to insulin secretion but they are non-significant.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2942 RBM7 Bryony Thompson gene: RBM7 was added
gene: RBM7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: RBM7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RBM7 were set to 27193168
Phenotypes for gene: RBM7 were set to SMA-like spinal motor neuropathy; dHMN/dSMA
Review for gene: RBM7 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single case with a homozygote variant, with functional assays in patient fibroblasts. Also, supporting zebrafish model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2940 SORD Seb Lunke gene: SORD was added
gene: SORD was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SORD was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SORD were set to 32367058
Phenotypes for gene: SORD were set to isolated hereditary neuropathy
Review for gene: SORD was set to GREEN
gene: SORD was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 45 individuals from 38 families across multiple ancestries carrying the nonsense c.757delG
(p.Ala253GlnfsTer27) variant in SORD, in either a homozygous or compound heterozygous state
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2938 KCNJ8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ8 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2936 KCNJ8 Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: KCNJ8.
Mendeliome v0.2934 KCNE3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNE3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2932 DNAH6 Elena Savva gene: DNAH6 was added
gene: DNAH6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAH6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DNAH6 were set to PMID: 26918822
Phenotypes for gene: DNAH6 were set to Heterotaxy, Azoospermia
Review for gene: DNAH6 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 26918822 - zebrafish model has disrupted motile cilia and cilia length, with some body axis defects within embryos. Transfected human cells also had defective motile cilia and cilia width.
Two patients with heterotaxy, one homozygous (missense), the other heterozygous (missense), but the heterozygous carrier has an additional known PCD mutation in DNA1.

Summary: 1 convincing patient with animal model
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2931 XIST Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: XIST was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.2924 ANO5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ANO5 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2922 CPT1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CPT1B was changed from Unknown to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.2916 DNAJB11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJB11 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2913 GPR143 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GPR143 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.2910 ELP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ELP1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2907 SNRNP200 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SNRNP200 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2906 SNRNP200 Ain Roesley changed review comment from: PMID: 31260034; more than 20 families reported with either de novo or AD with RP or retinal dystrophy (RD)

PMID: 29320387; p.(Arg1090Gln) in a proband with RP from a consag family with unaffected het parents and sibling

PMID: 23847139; p.(Pro1045Thr) homozygous in a patient with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA)

PMID: 31260034: p.(Arg545His) homozygous in a patient with RP with asymptomatic het parents and sister

PMID: 27735924: in a patient with RP who is cHet for p.(Pro105Thr) in SNRNP200 and a 1.4Mb deletion spanning SNRNP200. Father is a carrier of the missense and is unaffected and the deletion was de novo; to: PMID: 31260034; more than 20 families reported with either de novo or AD with RP or retinal dystrophy (RD)

PMID: 29320387; p.(Arg1090Gln) in a proband with RP from a consag family with unaffected het parents and sibling

PMID: 23847139; p.(Pro1045Thr) homozygous in a patient with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA)

PMID: 31260034: p.(Arg545His) homozygous in a patient with RP with asymptomatic het parents and sister

PMID: 27735924: in a patient with RP who is cHet for p.(Pro105Thr) in SNRNP200 and a 1.1Mb deletion spanning SNRNP200. Father is a carrier of the missense and is unaffected and the deletion was de novo
Mendeliome v0.2906 SNRNP200 Ain Roesley changed review comment from: PMID: 31260034; more than 20 families reported with either de novo or AD with RP or retinal dystrophy (RD)

PMID: 29320387; p.(Arg1090Gln) in a proband with RP from a consag family with unaffected het parents and sibling

PMID: 23847139; p.(Pro1045Thr) homozygous in a patient with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA)

PMID: 31260034: p.(Arg545His) homozygous in a patient with RP with asymptomatic het parents and sister

PMID: 27735924: in a patient with RP who is cHet for p.(Pro105Thr) in SNRNP200 and a 1.1Mb deletion spanning SNRNP200. Father is a carrier of the missense and is unaffected and the deletion was de novo; to: PMID: 31260034; more than 20 families reported with either de novo or AD with RP or retinal dystrophy (RD)

PMID: 29320387; p.(Arg1090Gln) in a proband with RP from a consag family with unaffected het parents and sibling

PMID: 23847139; p.(Pro1045Thr) homozygous in a patient with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA)

PMID: 31260034: p.(Arg545His) homozygous in a patient with RP with asymptomatic het parents and sister

PMID: 27735924: in a patient with RP who is cHet for p.(Pro105Thr) in SNRNP200 and a 1.4Mb deletion spanning SNRNP200. Father is a carrier of the missense and is unaffected and the deletion was de novo
Mendeliome v0.2904 ALOXE3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALOXE3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2900 STK36 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STK36 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2896 NME8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NME8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2892 TFAP2A Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TFAP2A was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2891 TFAP2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TFAP2A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2889 ARL3 Bryony Thompson gene: ARL3 was added
gene: ARL3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARL3 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ARL3 were set to 30269812; 16565502; 26964041; 30932721
Phenotypes for gene: ARL3 were set to Joubert syndrome 35 MIM#618161; Retinitis pigmentosa 83 MIM#618173
Review for gene: ARL3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 patients from 2 unrelated consanguineous families with a phenotype resembling Joubert syndrome with homozygous missense mutations affecting the same residue (R149C, R149H), and supporting in vitro functional assays. All reported cases had rod-cone dystrophy. An Arl3 null mouse model has a ciliary disease phenotype affecting the kidney, biliary tract, pancreas, and retina.
Two unrelated families with retinitis pigmentosa segregating the same heterozygous missense variant (Y90C).
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2882 CEP19 Bryony Thompson gene: CEP19 was added
gene: CEP19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CEP19 were set to 29127258; 24268657
Phenotypes for gene: CEP19 were set to Morbid obesity and spermatogenic failure MIM#615703
Review for gene: CEP19 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A consanguineous Arab family with morbid obesity and infertility with a homozygous predicted null variant, and a mouse model that recapitulates the phenotype. Another homozygous variant has been identified in a consanguineous Bardet Beidl syndrome.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2880 DALRD3 Zornitza Stark gene: DALRD3 was added
gene: DALRD3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DALRD3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DALRD3 were set to 32427860
Phenotypes for gene: DALRD3 were set to Epileptic encephalopathy
Review for gene: DALRD3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two individuals reported with same homozygous nonsense variant, functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2874 KRAS Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KRAS was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2873 KRAS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KRAS was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2871 GAA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GAA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2868 HEXA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HEXA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2865 DHX30 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DHX30 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2862 FAT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FAT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2861 FAT1 Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: - 5 consanguineous families with homozygous frameshift mutations in FAN1
- FAN1 KO mice had microphthalmia, with fully penetrant coloboma which was not observed in heterozygous mice
- in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, FAN1 knockdown resulted in compromised early cell-cell junction integrity and filament organisation; to: - 5 consanguineous families with homozygous frameshift mutations in FAN1
- FAN1 KO mice had microphthalmia, with fully penetrant coloboma which was not observed in heterozygous mice
- in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, FAN1 knockdown resulted in compromised early cell-cell junction integrity and filament organisation
Mendeliome v0.2859 JARID2 Zornitza Stark gene: JARID2 was added
gene: JARID2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: JARID2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: JARID2 were set to 23294540
Phenotypes for gene: JARID2 were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: JARID2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Emerging evidence that haploinsufficiency causes neurodevelopmental phenotypes, mostly based on CNV data to date.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.2855 ADIPOR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADIPOR1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2851 TRIP12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIP12 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2847 CLCC1 Bryony Thompson gene: CLCC1 was added
gene: CLCC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CLCC1 were set to 30157172
Phenotypes for gene: CLCC1 were set to Retinitis pigmentosa 32
Review for gene: CLCC1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A presumptive Pakastani founder mutation (c.75C>A, p.D25E) was identified in 8 consanguineous arRP families. A knockout zebrafish model and a Clcc1 +/- mouse model had a supporting retinal phenotype.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2844 B9D1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: B9D1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2842 B9D1 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two unrelated individuals with JS and bi-allelic variants in this gene, plus one individual with a more severe Meckel phenotype described. Intellectual disability is part of the phenotype.
Sources: Expert list; to: Two unrelated individuals with JS and bi-allelic variants in this gene, plus one individual with a more severe Meckel phenotype described. This latter individual had a splice site variant and a deletion. Splice variant proven to result in exon skipping -> PTC, but the deletion spans a large region including 18 other genes. Patient also had an additional variant in CEP290 called LP. Authors perform functional studies on patient cells but given the large deletion/CEP290 variant i dont see the results are usable PMID: 25920555 - another report of digenic inheritance - not usable, patient was only heterozygous for a single B9D1 variant.
Mendeliome v0.2840 BBIP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BBIP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2836 PACS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PACS1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2832 STARD7 Zornitza Stark gene: STARD7 was added
gene: STARD7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
STR tags were added to gene: STARD7.
Mode of inheritance for gene: STARD7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: STARD7 were set to 11701600; 24114805; 31664034
Phenotypes for gene: STARD7 were set to Epilepsy, familial adult myoclonic, 2, 607876
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: STARD7 was set to Other
Review for gene: STARD7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 158 individuals from 22 families reported with heterozygous 5-bp repeat expansion (ATTTC)n in intron 1 of the STARD7 gene.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2828 DHCR7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DHCR7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2825 PDXK Russell Gear gene: PDXK was added
gene: PDXK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PDXK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PDXK were set to (PMID: 31187503)
Phenotypes for gene: PDXK were set to Axonal polyneuropathy; optic atrophy
Review for gene: PDXK was set to RED
Added comment: Currently two unrelated families with axonal polyneuropathy and optic atrophy described in the same paper, with bi-allelic PDXK pathogenic variants. Functional work in the same paper includes work on patient derived fibroblasts, measurement of an axonal damage biomarker (NFL protein), and response to PLP supplementation treatment.

Need one further unrelated family to upgrade to green?
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2823 NDP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NDP was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.2820 TMEM107 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM107 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2817 ALPL Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: ALPL was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2816 ALPL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALPL was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2814 LRRC56 Elena Savva gene: LRRC56 was added
gene: LRRC56 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: LRRC56 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LRRC56 were set to PMID: 30388400
Phenotypes for gene: LRRC56 were set to Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 39 618254
Added comment: PMID: 30388400 - used protist null model to show abnormal ciliary beatings, replicated the phenotype when the protist was transfected with mutant allele observed in a patient.
3 unrelated families reported with either homozygous splice, missense or chet (nonsense/splice). Patients exhibited phenotypes including chronic respiratory/ear infections, situs inversus
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2812 MOGS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MOGS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2809 TCF7L1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TCF7L1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2806 GFI1B Bryony Thompson gene: GFI1B was added
gene: GFI1B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GFI1B was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GFI1B were set to 24325358; 23927492; 28041820; 11825872
Phenotypes for gene: GFI1B were set to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 17 MIM#187900
Review for gene: GFI1B was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three families with a heterozygous variant and one case with a homozygous variant, with supporting in vitro functional assays. A null mouse model contained erythroid and megakaryocytic precursors arrested in their development.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2803 PRKD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKD1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2800 NODAL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NODAL was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2798 NODAL Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: NODAL.
Mendeliome v0.2796 PIH1D3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIH1D3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.2793 COL10A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL10A1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2791 CEP112 Bryony Thompson gene: CEP112 was added
gene: CEP112 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP112 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CEP112 were set to 31654588
Phenotypes for gene: CEP112 were set to Acephalic spermatozoa; infertility
Review for gene: CEP112 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated cases reported with acephalic spermatozoa, one case with a homozygous nonsense variant and the other case with biallelic missense variants. CEP112 expression was significantly reduced in one of the cases, suggesting loss of function as a mechanism of disease.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2790 KPNA7 Alison Yeung gene: KPNA7 was added
gene: KPNA7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KPNA7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KPNA7 were set to 24045845; 32179771
Phenotypes for gene: KPNA7 were set to Epilepsy; intellectual disability
Review for gene: KPNA7 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family with two siblings
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2788 NR4A2 Zornitza Stark gene: NR4A2 was added
gene: NR4A2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NR4A2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: NR4A2 were set to 31428396; 30504930; 29770430; 12756136; 9092472
Phenotypes for gene: NR4A2 were set to Intellectual disability; epilepsy
Review for gene: NR4A2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Over ten individuals reported with mono-allelic variants in this gene and neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Link with dementia/Parkinson's disease disputed.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2786 TOMM70 Zornitza Stark gene: TOMM70 was added
gene: TOMM70 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TOMM70 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TOMM70 were set to 31907385; 32356556
Phenotypes for gene: TOMM70 were set to Severe anaemia, lactic acidosis, developmental delay; White matter abnormalities, developmental delay, regression, movement disorder
Review for gene: TOMM70 was set to AMBER
Added comment: TOM70 is a member of the TOM complex that transports cytosolic proteins into mitochondria.
Bi-allelic disease: one individual reported with compound heterozygous variants in TOMM70 [c.794C>T (p.T265M) and c.1745C>T (p.A582V)]. Clinical features included severe anaemia, lactic acidosis, and developmental delay. Some functional data: in vitro cell model compensatory experiments.
Monoallelic disease: de novo mono allelic variants in the C-terminal region of TOMM70 reported in two individuals. While both individuals exhibited shared symptoms including hypotonia, hyperreflexia, ataxia, dystonia, and significant white matter abnormalities, there were differences between the two individuals, most prominently the age of symptom onset, with one experiencing episodes of regression. Some functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2782 CUL3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CUL3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2779 EGR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: EGR2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2778 EGR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EGR2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2775 GAS2L2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GAS2L2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2771 KLB Zornitza Stark gene: KLB was added
gene: KLB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KLB were set to 28754744
Review for gene: KLB was set to GREEN
Added comment: Seven heterozygous loss‐of‐function KLB mutations in 13 individuals reported. In mice, lack of Klb led to delayed puberty, altered estrous cyclicity, and subfertility due to a hypothalamic defect associated with inability of GnRH neurons to release GnRH in response to FGF21.
Functional analysis showed decreased activity in response to FGF21 and FGF8.
KLB is an obligate coreceptor for FGF21 alongside FGFR1.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2769 NDNF Zornitza Stark gene: NDNF was added
gene: NDNF was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NDNF was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: NDNF were set to 31883645
Phenotypes for gene: NDNF were set to Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH)
Review for gene: NDNF was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three heterozygous protein-truncating variants and one heterozygous missense variant identified in a cohort of 240 unrelated IHH patients. The authors also provided supporting evidence from animal models.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2767 UGDH Zornitza Stark gene: UGDH was added
gene: UGDH was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: UGDH was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: UGDH were set to 32001716
Phenotypes for gene: UGDH were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 84 - MIM #618792
Review for gene: UGDH was set to GREEN
Added comment: 36 individuals with biallelic UGDH pathogenic variants reported. The phenotype corresponded overall to a developmental epileptic encephalopathy with hypotonia, feeding difficulties, severe global DD, moderate or commonly severe ID in all. Hypotonia and motor disorder (incl. spasticity, dystonia, ataxia, chorea, etc) often occurred prior to the onset of seizures. A single individual did not present seizures and 2 sibs had only seizures in the setting of fever. There were no individuals with biallelic pLoF variants identified. Parental/sib studies were all compatible with AR inheritance mode.

UGDH encodes the enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase which converts UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronate, the latter being a critical component of the glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate. Patient fibroblast and biochemical assays suggested a LoF effect of variants leading to impairment of UGDH stability, oligomerization or enzymatic activity (decreased UGDH-catalyzed reduction of NAD+ to NADH / hyaluronic acid production which requires UDP-glucuronate).

Attempts to model the disorder using an already developped zebrafish model (for a hypomorphic LoF allele) were unsuccessful as fish did not exhibit seizures spontaneously or upon induction with PTZ. Modelling of the disorder in vitro using patient-derived cerebral organoids demonstrated smaller organoids due to reduced number of proliferating neural progenitors
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2764 YIF1B Zornitza Stark gene: YIF1B was added
gene: YIF1B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: YIF1B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: YIF1B were set to 32006098; 26077767
Phenotypes for gene: YIF1B were set to Central hypotonia; Failure to thrive; Microcephaly; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Spasticity; Abnormality of movement
Review for gene: YIF1B was set to GREEN
Added comment: 6 individuals (from 5 families) with biallelic YIF1B truncating variants reported. Presenting features: hypotonia, failure to thrive, microcephaly (5/6), severe global DD and ID as well as features suggestive of a motor disorder (dystonia/spasticity/dyskinesia). Seizures were reported in 2 unrelated individuals (2/6). MRI abnormalities were observed in some with thin CC being a feature in 3. Affected individuals were found to be homozygous for truncating variants (4/5 families being consanguineous). The following 3 variants were identified (NM_001039672.2) : c.186dupT or p.Ala64fs / c.360_361insACAT or p.Gly121fs / c.598G>T or p.Glu200*. Yif1B KO mice demonstrate a disorganized Golgi architecture in pyramidal hippocampal neurons (Alterio et al 2015 - PMID: 26077767). Functional/network analysis of genes co-regulated with YIF1B based on available RNAseq data, suggest enrichement in in genes important for nervous system development and function.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2761 TNRC6B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNRC6B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2759 TNRC6B Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TNRC6B: Added comment: 17 unrelated individuals with heterozygous TNRC6B variants reported. Features included hypotonia (10/17), DD/ID (17/17 - ID was not universal: average IQ of 12 individuals was 73 (range : 50-113) with 4 having below 70), ADHD (11/17), ASD or autistic traits (8/17 and 5/17). Some/few presented with abnormal OFC (micro- / macrocephaly in 3/17 and 2/17), abnormal vision or hearing, variable other congenital anomalies, echocardiographic, GI or renal abnormalities, etc. Epilepsy was reported in 1/17. There was no recognisable gestalt.Detected variants included 14 pLoF, 1 missense SNV and 2 intragenic deletions. Variants had occurred as de novo events in 10/13 subjects for whom testing of both parents was possible. 3/13 subjects had inherited the variant from a parent with milder phenotype. Based on the type of variants identified, the pLI score of 1 in gnomAD and the HI index of 5.61%, the authors suggest haploinsufficiency as the most likely mechanism. Individuals with de novo TNRC6B variants have also been reported in larger cohorts (e.g. DDD study - PMID: 28135719, Iossifov et al - PMID: 25363768, Lelieveld et al - PMID: 27479843, Jónsson et al - PMID: 28959963). A previous study provided details on 2 sibs harboring a translocation which disrupted both TNRC6B and TCF20 (also associated with ID)(Babbs et al - PMID: 25228304).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 32152250, 28135719, 25363768, 27479843, 28959963, 25228304; Changed phenotypes: Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Autistic behavior; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2758 CDC42BPB Zornitza Stark gene: CDC42BPB was added
gene: CDC42BPB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CDC42BPB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CDC42BPB were set to 32031333
Phenotypes for gene: CDC42BPB were set to Central hypotonia; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Autistic behavior; Behavioral abnormality
Review for gene: CDC42BPB was set to GREEN
Added comment: 14 individuals with missense and loss-of-function CDC42BPB variants reported. Features included hypotonia (8/11), DD (12/13 - the 14th was a fetus), ID (7/13), ASD (8/12), clinical seizures (in 3 - a 4th had abnormal EEG without seizures), behavioral abnormalities. Variable non-specific dysmorphic features were reported in some (sparse hair being the most frequent - 4/8). Additional features were observed in few (=<4) incl. cryptorchidism, ophthalmological issues, constipation, kidney abnormalities, micropenis, etc. Most variants occurred as de novo events (11/14) while inheritance was not available for few (3/14).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2755 DNAJB13 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJB13 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2751 CFC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CFC1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2748 CFAP53 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP53 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2745 TTC25 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC25 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2742 CFAP43 Elena Savva gene: CFAP43 was added
gene: CFAP43 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP43 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CFAP43 were set to PMID: 31884020; 28552195; 31004071; 29449551
Phenotypes for gene: CFAP43 were set to Hydrocephalus, normal pressure, 1 236690; Spermatogenic failure 19 617592
Added comment: aka WDR96

PMID: 31884020 - animal models (mouse, frog) demonstrate the protein localizes in ciliary axoneme and is involved in MOTILE cilia movement. LOF CFAP43 caused mucus acucmulation in airways, impaired spermatogenesis and hydrocephalus.

PMID: 28552195 - 3x chet (bilallelic PTCs or chet PTC/missense) with abnormal sperm motility. Null mouse models were also infertile.

PMID: 31004071 - one family with a heterozygous nonsense and AD inheritance of late onset hydrocephaly (checked in Mutalyzer, variant is NMD predicted). Abnormal cilia observed from mucosa sample. Null mice also show abnormal sperm and dilation of brain ventricles.

PMID: 29449551 - reports an additional 10 patients with either homozygous PTCs or chet PTC/missense who were infertile with flagella defects

Summary: single report of AD hydrocephaly
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2740 MYLK2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYLK2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2736 CDX2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDX2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2732 TAPT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TAPT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2729 CCDC28B Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CCDC28B: Added comment: PMID: 32139166 - Single family with Joubert syndrome. Patient was homozygous for a missense, with polydactyly, severe ID, and the molar tooth sign observed in MRI. Sibling fetus MRI showed vermis hypoplasia, and was also homozygous for the variant. Parents confirmed unaffected carriers. Knockdown of CCDC28B in human TERT retinal pigment epithelial cells reduced both the number and length of cilia 430C-T variant is postulated to be a modifier of BBS.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 32139166; Changed phenotypes: {Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1, modifier of}, MIM#209900, Joubert syndrome
Mendeliome v0.2729 C21orf59 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: C21orf59.
Mendeliome v0.2729 C11orf70 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: C11orf70.
Mendeliome v0.2727 C11orf70 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: C11orf70 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2724 ARMC9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARMC9 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2720 ARMC4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARMC4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2717 ACVR2B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACVR2B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2713 NID1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NID1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2710 DARS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DARS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2709 DARS Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: DARS.
Mendeliome v0.2709 CCDC65 Zornitza Stark Tag founder tag was added to gene: CCDC65.
Mendeliome v0.2707 CCDC65 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC65 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2704 C21orf59 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: C21orf59 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2703 C21orf59 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: C21orf59.
Mendeliome v0.2701 WISP3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WISP3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2700 WISP3 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: WISP3.
Mendeliome v0.2698 ATP5E Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP5E was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2696 ATP5E Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: ATP5E.
Mendeliome v0.2694 ATP5D Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP5D was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2693 ATP5D Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: ATP5D.
Mendeliome v0.2692 ATP5A1 Zornitza Stark Tag new gene name tag was added to gene: ATP5A1.
Mendeliome v0.2691 ATP5A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP5A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2687 GLDC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GLDC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2686 TNK2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNK2 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2683 TNK2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNK2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2681 MAN2B2 Zornitza Stark gene: MAN2B2 was added
gene: MAN2B2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MAN2B2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MAN2B2 were set to 31775018
Phenotypes for gene: MAN2B2 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation; immunodeficiency
Review for gene: MAN2B2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2678 RIPK1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RIPK1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2676 PIK3CG Zornitza Stark gene: PIK3CG was added
gene: PIK3CG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PIK3CG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PIK3CG were set to 32001535; 31554793
Phenotypes for gene: PIK3CG were set to Immune dysregulation; HLH-like; childhood-onset antibody defects; cytopenias; T lymphocytic pneumonitis and colitis
Review for gene: PIK3CG was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two individuals with complex immunological phenotypes reported and a mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2674 RC3H1 Zornitza Stark gene: RC3H1 was added
gene: RC3H1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RC3H1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RC3H1 were set to 31636267
Phenotypes for gene: RC3H1 were set to Relapsing HLH
Review for gene: RC3H1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual with bi-allelic LoF variant and relapsing HLH reported, some functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2671 IFNG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IFNG was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2669 ITPKB Zornitza Stark gene: ITPKB was added
gene: ITPKB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ITPKB was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ITPKB were set to 31987846
Phenotypes for gene: ITPKB were set to Severe combined immunodeficiency, absent T cells, present B cells and NK cells
Review for gene: ITPKB was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual with homozygous bi-allelic LoF variant reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2668 PSMB10 Zornitza Stark gene: PSMB10 was added
gene: PSMB10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMB10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PSMB10 were set to 31783057
Phenotypes for gene: PSMB10 were set to Autoinflammatory syndrome
Review for gene: PSMB10 was set to RED
Added comment: PSMB10 is part of the immunoproteasome, and other components cause auto inflammatory disorders. Single individual with homozygous missense variant reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2666 ABHD12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABHD12 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2664 AAAS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AAAS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2659 SNORA31 Zornitza Stark gene: SNORA31 was added
gene: SNORA31 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SNORA31 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SNORA31 were set to 31806906
Phenotypes for gene: SNORA31 were set to Susceptibility to HSV1 encephalitis
Review for gene: SNORA31 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Five unrelated individuals reported with rare missense variants in this gene, functional data to support susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2656 TCOF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TCOF1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2655 EMX2 Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: EMX2.
Mendeliome v0.2653 EMX2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EMX2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2647 CTSA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CTSA was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2643 PI4KA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PI4KA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2639 CDK5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDK5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2636 VPS51 Zornitza Stark gene: VPS51 was added
gene: VPS51 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS51 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: VPS51 were set to 30624672; 31207318
Phenotypes for gene: VPS51 were set to Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 13, MIM# 618606
Review for gene: VPS51 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and global developmental delay, impaired intellectual development with absent speech, microcephaly, and progressive atrophy of the cerebellar vermis and brainstem. Additional features, including seizures and visual impairment, are variable.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2634 CDK19 Zornitza Stark gene: CDK19 was added
gene: CDK19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CDK19 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CDK19 were set to 32330417
Phenotypes for gene: CDK19 were set to Intellectual disability; epileptic encephalopathy
Review for gene: CDK19 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated individuals with de novo missense variants reported, and intellectual disability/epileptic encephalopathy. Supportive functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2632 MNS1 Zornitza Stark gene: MNS1 was added
gene: MNS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MNS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MNS1 were set to 31534215; 30148830
Phenotypes for gene: MNS1 were set to Heterotaxy; male infertility
Review for gene: MNS1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Eight families reported altogether, three LoF variants. Four Amish families share same homozygous founder variant, and some of the other reported families are consanguineous and share another founder variant. A reported female with a third variant, also had a homozygous variant in DNAH5 with a blended phenotype postulated.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2630 DHX37 Zornitza Stark gene: DHX37 was added
gene: DHX37 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DHX37 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DHX37 were set to 31337883; 31745530
Phenotypes for gene: DHX37 were set to 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis; testicular regression syndrome (TRS)
Review for gene: DHX37 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Seventeen individuals with 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis reported in two studies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2626 RAMP2 Zornitza Stark gene: RAMP2 was added
gene: RAMP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RAMP2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RAMP2 were set to 31000793
Phenotypes for gene: RAMP2 were set to Primary open angle glaucoma
Review for gene: RAMP2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Six variants identified in 16 of 4763 POAG patients from large cohorts; none identified in 10,953 control individuals. Some functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2625 ALPK1 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Three unrelated families reported. One of the variants segregated in four affected individuals in one family and another was found to be de novo. The third variant however was not segregated, and is also present in 18 individuals in gnomad. Hence the evidence for variant pathogenicity in this third case is not compelling.
Sources: Literature; to: Three unrelated families reported with PFAPA phenotype. One of the variants segregated in four affected individuals in one family and another was found to be de novo. The third variant however was not segregated, and is also present in 18 individuals in gnomad. Hence the evidence for variant pathogenicity in this third case is not compelling.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2624 MEPE Zornitza Stark gene: MEPE was added
gene: MEPE was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MEPE was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MEPE were set to 30287925
Phenotypes for gene: MEPE were set to hereditary congenital facial paresis; otosclerosis
Review for gene: MEPE was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single four-generation family reported with variant in this gene segregating nonprogressive HCFP and mixed hearing loss (HL). Damaging variants (truncating/frameshift) found to be enriched in otosclerosis cohort (p = 0.0006–0.0060).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2623 PAICS Zornitza Stark gene: PAICS was added
gene: PAICS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PAICS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PAICS were set to 31600779
Phenotypes for gene: PAICS were set to Polyhydramnios; multiple congenital abnormalities
Review for gene: PAICS was set to RED
Added comment: Two sibs from single family reported with homozygous missense variant. Functional data to demonstrate effect on protein function.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2620 GALM Hazel Phillimore gene: GALM was added
gene: GALM was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GALM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GALM were set to PMID: 30451973; 30910422
Phenotypes for gene: GALM were set to galactosaemia; type IV galactosaemia
Review for gene: GALM was set to GREEN
Added comment: Homozygous and compound heterozygous variants (missense, nonsense and frameshift) found in 8 Japanese patients from unrelated families with unexplained galactosaemia. (No variants in GALT, GALK1, and GALE). This is therefore type IV galactosaemia.
In vitro expression analysis and enzyme activity assay of the patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed total lack of or compromised expression of GALM protein. Loss-of-function mechanism. One homozygote for one of these variants p.(Gly142Arg) in gnomAD (African population). (Wada, Y. et al 2019; PMID: 30451973)
In vitro expression assay and an enzyme activity assay of 67 GALM variants, taken from ExAc database (missense, nonsense, frameshift and splice). 30 variants concluded to be pathogenic due to no protein expression or faint expression. 5 variants with mildly lower levels were determined as likely pathogenic. All concluded to be loss-of-function mechanism. Incidence of galactosaemia by GALM deficiency is comparable to that of other galactosaemias. Carrier frequency and incidence was estimated for different populations. (Iwasawa, S. et al. (2019); PMID: 30910422)
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2620 POLR3GL Paul De Fazio gene: POLR3GL was added
gene: POLR3GL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR3GL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: POLR3GL were set to 31089205; 31695177
Phenotypes for gene: POLR3GL were set to endosteal hyperostosis; oligodontia; growth retardation; facial dysmorphisms; lipodystrophy
Review for gene: POLR3GL was set to AMBER
gene: POLR3GL was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Biallelic canonical splice variants were identified in monozygotic twins and another individual with similar phenotypes from 2 unrelated families. Variants were inherited from carrier parents. RNA studies confirmed exon skipping occurs in all affected individuals.

A separate study identified a homozygous nonsense variant in an individual with features of Neonatal progeroid syndrome/Wiedemann–Rautenstrauch syndrome. Quantitative PCR showed reduction in mRNA suggestive of NMD.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2618 TSPEAR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TSPEAR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2616 PDGFRB Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PDGFRB was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2614 PDGFRB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PDGFRB was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2611 TBL1Y Paul De Fazio gene: TBL1Y was added
gene: TBL1Y was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TBL1Y was set to Other
Publications for gene: TBL1Y were set to 30341416
Phenotypes for gene: TBL1Y were set to Hearing loss
Review for gene: TBL1Y was set to RED
gene: TBL1Y was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 9 affected males in a single pedigree described with Y-linked inheritance pattern. Functional studies show the missense variant causes reduced protein stability. The gene has restricted expression in the cochlea and prostate.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2610 DGCR8 Chern Lim gene: DGCR8 was added
gene: DGCR8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DGCR8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DGCR8 were set to 31805011
Phenotypes for gene: DGCR8 were set to Early-onset multinodular goiter and schwannomatosis
Review for gene: DGCR8 was set to RED
Added comment: A germline missense variant segregates in one family with autosomal dominant mendelian tumor susceptibility syndrome: familial multinodular goiter (MNG) with schwannomatosis. The missense is also a recurrent somatic missense variant in Wilms tumour. (PMID:31805011)
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2608 TDRD7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TDRD7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2607 FOXF2 Hazel Phillimore gene: FOXF2 was added
gene: FOXF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXF2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FOXF2 were set to PMID: 30561639; 22022403
Phenotypes for gene: FOXF2 were set to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL); cochlea malformations; incomplete partition type I anomaly of the cochlea
Review for gene: FOXF2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Homozygous missense, NM_001452.1: c.325A>T (p.I109F), in a 10 year old girl (consanguineous, parents were first cousins) with profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with incomplete partition type I anomaly of the cochlea. This variant is absent in the gnomAD v2.1.1. In vitro studies indicated instability, shorter half-life of the protein compared to wildtype. Embryonic knockout mouse showed shortened and malformed cochleae, in addition to altered shape of hair cells with innervation and planar cell polarity defects. Homozygous knockout mice do not survive. (Bademci, G. et al. (2019); PMID: 30561639).
This gene has also been reported in association with other anomalies including cleft lip, cleft palate, brain anomalies, intestine anomalies, and eye anomalies. Eye anomalies include anterior segment dysgenesis, as shown in mice with variant, W174R, affecting the Fox domain. Homozygote mice do not survive. (McKeone, R. et al. (2011); PMID: 22022403).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2605 COL13A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL13A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2598 WDR83OS Ee Ming Wong gene: WDR83OS was added
gene: WDR83OS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR83OS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: WDR83OS were set to PMID: 30250217
Phenotypes for gene: WDR83OS were set to Cholestasis
Review for gene: WDR83OS was set to RED
Added comment: - 1 consanguineous family with 3 affected individuals found to carry a homozygous splice site variant in WDR83OS
- The variant results in an aberrant truncated RNA transcript as demonstrated by RT-PCR
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2592 LSR Ee Ming Wong gene: LSR was added
gene: LSR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LSR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LSR were set to PMID: 30250217
Phenotypes for gene: LSR were set to transient neonatal cholestasis; intellectual disability; short stature
Review for gene: LSR was set to RED
Added comment: 1 individual from 1 consanguineous family carrying a homozygous missense variant in LSR
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2591 USP53 Ee Ming Wong gene: USP53 was added
gene: USP53 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: USP53 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: USP53 were set to PMID: 30250217
Phenotypes for gene: USP53 were set to Deafness
Review for gene: USP53 was set to RED
Added comment: 1 consanguineous family carrying a homozygous truncating variant in USP53
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2591 PPM1F Ee Ming Wong gene: PPM1F was added
gene: PPM1F was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PPM1F was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PPM1F were set to PMID: 30250217
Phenotypes for gene: PPM1F were set to sclerosing cholangitis; short stature; hypothyroidism; abnormal tongue pigmentation
Review for gene: PPM1F was set to RED
Added comment: 1 consanguineous family found to carry a homozygous missense variant in PPM1F
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2589 KLC2 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: KLC2.
Mendeliome v0.2588 KLC2 Zornitza Stark gene: KLC2 was added
gene: KLC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KLC2 were set to 26385635
Phenotypes for gene: KLC2 were set to Spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy, and neuropathy MIM#609541
Review for gene: KLC2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: In 73 Brazilian patients and 2 sibs of Egyptian descent with SPOAN, a homozygous 216-bp deletion in the noncoding upstream region of the KLC2 gene was identified. Only reported cause of condition is the upstream large deletion, which is not detected by whole-exome sequencing.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.2583 ALPK1 Zornitza Stark gene: ALPK1 was added
gene: ALPK1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ALPK1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ALPK1 were set to 31053777
Phenotypes for gene: ALPK1 were set to Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome
Review for gene: ALPK1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. One of the variants segregated in four affected individuals in one family and another was found to be de novo. The third variant however was not segregated, and is also present in 18 individuals in gnomad. Hence the evidence for variant pathogenicity in this third case is not compelling.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2581 LRRC32 Zornitza Stark gene: LRRC32 was added
gene: LRRC32 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LRRC32 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LRRC32 were set to 30976112
Phenotypes for gene: LRRC32 were set to Intellectual disability; cleft palate; proliferative retinopathy
Review for gene: LRRC32 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Three individuals from two consanguineous families segregated the same homozygous bi-allelic variant, c.1630C>T; p.(Arg544Ter), shared haplotype indicative of founder effect. Mouse model has cleft palate and neonatal death.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2580 KIF12 Ee Ming Wong gene: KIF12 was added
gene: KIF12 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: KIF12 were set to PMID: 30250217; 30976738
Phenotypes for gene: KIF12 were set to Prenatal cholestasis; High Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT)
Review for gene: KIF12 was set to AMBER
gene: KIF12 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: > 3 unrelated families,but they are all consanguineous families
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2574 IQCE Zornitza Stark gene: IQCE was added
gene: IQCE was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: IQCE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: IQCE were set to 31549751; 28488682
Phenotypes for gene: IQCE were set to Postaxial polydactyly
Review for gene: IQCE was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene. The c.895_904del (p.Val301Serfs*8) was found in three of the families without sharing a common haplotype, suggesting a recurrent mechanism. RNA expression analysis on patients’ fibroblasts showed that the dysfunction of IQCE leads to the dysregulation of genes associated with the hedgehog‐signaling pathway, and zebrafish experiments demonstrated a full spectrum of phenotypes linked to defective cilia: Body curvature, kidney cysts, left–right asymmetry, misdirected cilia in the pronephric duct, and retinal defects.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2573 NKX2-3 Zornitza Stark gene: NKX2-3 was added
gene: NKX2-3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NKX2-3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: NKX2-3 were set to 31498527
Phenotypes for gene: NKX2-3 were set to Intestinal varicosities
Review for gene: NKX2-3 was set to RED
Added comment: Single multiplex family where truncating variant in this gene segregated with intestinal varicosities with a LOD score of 3.3. NKX2‐3 is a component of a molecular pathway underlying spleen and gut vasculature development in mice.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2570 RPSA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPSA was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2566 CRAT Zornitza Stark gene: CRAT was added
gene: CRAT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CRAT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CRAT were set to 29395073; 31448845
Phenotypes for gene: CRAT were set to Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 8, MIM# 617917; Leigh syndrome
Review for gene: CRAT was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants, one with NBIA and one with Leigh syndrome phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2563 CWF19L1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CWF19L1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2559 B4GAT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: B4GAT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2556 THG1L Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five individuals from two Ashkenazi Jewish families with same homozygous missense variant, and another family ascertained through a large microcephaly cohort, also with SCA.
Sources: Literature; to: Four Ashkenazi Jewish families with same homozygous missense variant, and another family ascertained through a large microcephaly cohort, also with SCA. A carrier rate of 0.8%, but no THG1L V55A homozygotes, was found in a cohort of 3,232 unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish individuals, and no homozygotes found in Exac or gnomAD.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2554 THG1L Zornitza Stark gene: THG1L was added
gene: THG1L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: THG1L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: THG1L were set to 27307223; 31168944; 30214071
Phenotypes for gene: THG1L were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 28, MIM# 618800
Review for gene: THG1L was set to AMBER
Added comment: Five individuals from two Ashkenazi Jewish families with same homozygous missense variant, and another family ascertained through a large microcephaly cohort, also with SCA.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2553 TRPV1 Zornitza Stark gene: TRPV1 was added
gene: TRPV1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPV1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: TRPV1 were set to 29930394
Phenotypes for gene: TRPV1 were set to Susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia
Review for gene: TRPV1 was set to RED
Added comment: Two individuals reported with rare/novel missense variants in this gene, some functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2551 ZP2 Zornitza Stark gene: ZP2 was added
gene: ZP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ZP2 were set to 30810869; 29895852
Phenotypes for gene: ZP2 were set to Female infertility
Review for gene: ZP2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and thin zona pellucida.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2549 GAD1 Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GAD1: Added comment: 2020: 11 individuals from 6 consanguineous families reported with bi-allelic LOF variant and a developmental/epileptic encephalopathy. Seizure onset occurred in the first 2 months of life in all. All 10 individuals, from whom early disease history was available, presented with seizure onset in the first month of life, mainly consisting of epileptic spasms or myoclonic seizures. Early EEG showed suppression-burst or pattern of burst attenuation or hypsarrhythmia if only recorded in the post-neonatal period. Eight individuals had joint contractures and/or pes equinovarus. Seven presented a cleft palate and two also had an omphalocele, reproducing the phenotype of the knockout Gad1−/− mouse model. Four individuals died before 4 years of age.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 15571623, 32282878; Changed phenotypes: Cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic, 1, MIM#603513, Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Mendeliome v0.2548 GALNT2 Zornitza Stark gene: GALNT2 was added
gene: GALNT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GALNT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GALNT2 were set to 32293671
Phenotypes for gene: GALNT2 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation
Review for gene: GALNT2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Seven individuals from four families reported with bi-allelic LOF variants and global developmental delay, intellectual disability with language deficit, autistic features, behavioural abnormalities, epilepsy, chronic insomnia, white matter changes on brain MRI, dysmorphic features, decreased stature, and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Rodent (mouse and rat) models of GALNT2-CDG recapitulated much of the human phenotype, including poor growth and neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2546 C7orf43 Zornitza Stark gene: C7orf43 was added
gene: C7orf43 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: C7orf43 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: C7orf43 were set to 30715179
Phenotypes for gene: C7orf43 were set to Microcephaly 25, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 618351
Review for gene: C7orf43 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single family reported: three affected siblings with homozygous truncating variant. Supportive zebrafish model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2541 GRIN2A Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: GRIN2A was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2540 GRIN2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GRIN2A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2538 TSEN34 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TSEN34 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2533 TSEN54 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TSEN54 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2528 GABRB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: GABRB2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2527 GABRB2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GABRB2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2524 NDE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NDE1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2521 CDC45 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDC45 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2516 CHD4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHD4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2513 RASA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RASA1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2510 CFAP69 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP69 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2507 ABCA4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCA4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2506 ABCA4 Zornitza Stark Tag deep intronic tag was added to gene: ABCA4.
Mendeliome v0.2504 TLK2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TLK2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2501 DYRK1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DYRK1A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2494 SLC35D1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC35D1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2493 C1orf194 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: C1orf194 was changed from None to Other
Mendeliome v0.2487 STIM1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: STIM1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2486 STIM1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STIM1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2483 ORAI1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: ORAI1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2482 ORAI1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ORAI1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2479 RTTN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RTTN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2476 UBAP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UBAP1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2470 ABCC1 Zornitza Stark gene: ABCC1 was added
gene: ABCC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ABCC1 were set to 31273342
Phenotypes for gene: ABCC1 were set to Nonsyndromic hearing loss
Review for gene: ABCC1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Total of 3 variants reported in 3 families, including 1 which segregates in a large family (10 affected) PMID: 31273342; Li 2019: Reported 3 different het missense in 3 families with postlingual ADNSHL. 1 missense segregated in a large Chinese family. This variant is present in gnomAD (10 hets), but onset noted to be in 2nd or 3rd decade of life. Functional studies performed. Other 2 variants reported absent in gnomAD. Amber rating in light of gnomad frequency of one of the reported variants.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2467 GABRA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GABRA1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2464 SIGMAR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SIGMAR1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2461 ATOH7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATOH7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2456 KLHL24 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL24 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2447 SMCHD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMCHD1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2444 CDKL5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDKL5 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.2441 AEBP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AEBP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2440 SLC6A6 Chern Lim gene: SLC6A6 was added
gene: SLC6A6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC6A6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC6A6 were set to 31345061; 31903486; 29886034
Phenotypes for gene: SLC6A6 were set to Early retinal degeneration; cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: SLC6A6 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Different homozygous missense variants in 2 unrelated consanguineous families with early retinal degeneration, some functional studies. Patients in one of the families also had cardiomyopathy. (PMIDs: 31345061, 31903486)

One dilated cardiomyopathy patient with a homozygous deletion at a splice site (PMID: 29886034).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2440 TMPRSS9 Chern Lim gene: TMPRSS9 was added
gene: TMPRSS9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TMPRSS9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TMPRSS9 were set to 31943016
Phenotypes for gene: TMPRSS9 were set to autism spectrum disorder
Review for gene: TMPRSS9 was set to RED
Added comment: Association with Mendelian disease not established.

Is a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder: single patient, compound heterozygous nonsense variants. Functional studies showed Tmprss9 gene is expressed in mouse brain, knockout mice had decreased social interest and social recognition. (PMID: 31943016)
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2440 MCAT Chern Lim gene: MCAT was added
gene: MCAT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MCAT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MCAT were set to 31915829
Phenotypes for gene: MCAT were set to progressive autosomal recessive optic neuropathy
Review for gene: MCAT was set to RED
Added comment: One family reported - a consanguineous family, two homozygous missense variants in both affected siblings. Functional studies showed both missense together have synergic impact on MCAT protein misfolding; p.(L81R) had more impact on MCAT protein expression reduction than did the p.(R212W); some study in conditional knockout mice. (PMID:31915829)
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2440 CAP2 Melanie Marty edited their review of gene: CAP2: Added comment: 2 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy from 1 consanguineous family. The splice variant identified in this family was proven to cause exon skipping and functional studies showed protein level was reduced. A Cap2 knockout mouse model correlated with the clinical phenotype of DCM and cardiac conduction disease, but not the other effects on growth, viability, wound healing and eye development.; Changed rating: RED
Mendeliome v0.2440 ATOH7 Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Segregates with disease in 3 consanguineous families from Pakistan/Turkey and one non-consanguineous family of Swiss origin. Functional effect was demonstrated in the latter family. The mouse homolog is required for retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve formation.; to: Segregates with disease in 3 consanguineous families from Pakistan/Turkey with global eye abnormalities, and one non-consanguineous family of Swiss origin with optic nerve hypoplasia. Functional effect was demonstrated in the latter family. The mouse homolog is required for retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve formation (in mice).
Mendeliome v0.2440 UBA2 Elena Savva gene: UBA2 was added
gene: UBA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: UBA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: UBA2 were set to PMID: 31332306; 31587267
Phenotypes for gene: UBA2 were set to Split-Hand/Foot Malformation; Aplasia Cutis Congenita; Ectrodactyly
Penetrance for gene: UBA2 were set to unknown
Review for gene: UBA2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: No OMIM phenotype

PMID: 31332306 - a single patient with a de novo PTC and split hand/foot malformation (SHFM). Additional two multigenic CNVs including this gene in patients with SHFM and ectrodactyly. Authors mention an additional de novo missense but the patient didnt have SHFM, argue low penetrance

PMID: 31587267 - a mother and son with aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), with a heterozygous PTC. Son also has ectrodactyly. Authors note an additional de novo missense in a patient with ACC.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2440 REC114 Michelle Torres gene: REC114 was added
gene: REC114 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: REC114 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: REC114 were set to 30388401; 31704776
Phenotypes for gene: REC114 were set to Female infertility
Review for gene: REC114 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three variants reported are either within or flanking exon 4.
- One hom patient (splice) had a miscarriage, 2 spontaneous complete hydatidiform moles, and 1 complete hydatidiform mole following intrauterine sperm injection (PMID: 30388401)
- Two hom unrelated patients from consanguineous families with abnormal pronuclear formation during fertilisation and subsequent early embrionic arrest resulting in female infertility. Both variants (1 missense and 1 splice) were shown to result in LoF (PMID: 31704776)
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2439 C1orf194 Ain Roesley gene: C1orf194 was added
gene: C1orf194 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: C1orf194 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: C1orf194 were set to PMID: 31199454
Phenotypes for gene: C1orf194 were set to Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Review for gene: C1orf194 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID: 31199454; 2 missense variants in 2 large families segregating in an AD pattern. Mouse models for one of the variants (p.(Ile121Asn) led to impairments in moto and neuromuscular functions
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2439 POLR1B Paul De Fazio gene: POLR1B was added
gene: POLR1B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR1B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: POLR1B were set to 31649276
Phenotypes for gene: POLR1B were set to bilateral malar and mandibular hypoplasia; microtia; coloboma; downslanting palpebral fissures; conductive deafness; cleft palate; heart malformations
Review for gene: POLR1B was set to AMBER
gene: POLR1B was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 6 individuals with Treacher-Collins syndrome described: 3 with de novo variants, one inherited from a mosaic father, and two inherited from affected mothers. Knockdown in zebrafish mimics the phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2437 CREB3L1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CREB3L1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2436 WARS Naomi Baker gene: WARS was added
gene: WARS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: WARS was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: WARS were set to PMID: 28369220; 31321409; 31069783.
Phenotypes for gene: WARS were set to Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type IX (OMIM:617721); juvenile to adult onset (15-23 years); distal wasting; distal weakness; length-dependent motor axonal degeneration
Review for gene: WARS was set to GREEN
Added comment: 14 patients from five families were reported to have WARS-related neuropathy across three publications. Expression studies of mutant demonstrated decreased protein when compared to wild-type.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2432 CYLD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CYLD was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2429 PCDH19 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PCDH19 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.2426 GFAP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GFAP was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2423 COPA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COPA was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2422 COPA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COPA was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2421 PLOD3 Alison Yeung Mode of inheritance for gene: PLOD3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2419 FOXG1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXG1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2418 SAMD12 Zornitza Stark Tag deep intronic tag was added to gene: SAMD12.
Mendeliome v0.2418 TBX6 Alison Yeung Mode of inheritance for gene: TBX6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2418 SAMD12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SAMD12 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2413 YARS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: YARS was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2408 IGF1R Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IGF1R was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2405 SHANK3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SHANK3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2402 SCN1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCN1A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2401 CPSF1 Kristin Rigbye changed review comment from: 6 unrelated probands reported (3 nonsense, 1 frameshift, 1 splice, 1 missense) with variants all assumed to result in a loss of function. Variants were shown to be inherited from affected parents in 2 families. Gene-disease association was supported by knockdown of cpsf1 in zebrafish which caused abnormal ocular morphogenesis (30689892).
Sources: Literature; to: 6 unrelated probands reported (3 nonsense, 1 frameshift, 1 splice, 1 missense) with variants all assumed to result in a loss of function. Variants were shown to be inherited from affected parents in 2 families. Gene-disease association was supported by knockdown of cpsf1 in zebrafish which caused abnormal ocular morphogenesis (PMID: 30689892).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2401 CPSF1 Kristin Rigbye gene: CPSF1 was added
gene: CPSF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CPSF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CPSF1 were set to 30689892
Phenotypes for gene: CPSF1 were set to Myopia 27, 618827; high myopia; early-onset high myopiaHigh myopia
Review for gene: CPSF1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 6 unrelated probands reported (3 nonsense, 1 frameshift, 1 splice, 1 missense) with variants all assumed to result in a loss of function. Variants were shown to be inherited from affected parents in 2 families. Gene-disease association was supported by knockdown of cpsf1 in zebrafish which caused abnormal ocular morphogenesis (30689892).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2399 STXBP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: STXBP1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2396 NAA10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NAA10 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.2393 WDR45 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR45 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2392 GNAI2 Elena Savva gene: GNAI2 was added
gene: GNAI2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GNAI2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: GNAI2 were set to PMID: 31036916
Phenotypes for gene: GNAI2 were set to Pituitary adenoma, ACTH-secreting, somatic; Ventricular tachycardia, idiopathic 192605; Syndromic developmental disorder
Review for gene: GNAI2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Papers associating this gene to tachycardia are very old (pre 2000, OMIM).

PMID: 31036916 - a single de novo patient with syndromic developmental disorder

Summary: AMBER - one report, may be a coincidental de novo finding
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2390 SOD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SOD2 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2387 ASCC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ASCC1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2386 FEM1B Elena Savva gene: FEM1B was added
gene: FEM1B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FEM1B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: FEM1B were set to PMID: 31036916
Phenotypes for gene: FEM1B were set to Syndromic global developmental delay
Review for gene: FEM1B was set to AMBER
Added comment: No OMIM phenotype

PMID: 31036916 - a single de novo patient reported in a neurodevelopmental disorder cohort. Authors note another de novo case with the exact same variant (p.Arg126Gln) from the DDD study, and a 3rd patient from GeneMatcher with the same de novo missense again. Decipher shows this variant to be in a highly constrained region of the protein.

Have selected AMBER for now - not sure if GeneMatcher findings can be used as a 3rd case
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2383 SMAD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMAD2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2380 RXFP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RXFP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2378 WIPI2 Melanie Marty gene: WIPI2 was added
gene: WIPI2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: WIPI2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: WIPI2 were set to 30968111
Phenotypes for gene: WIPI2 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with short stature and variable skeletal anomalies 618453
Review for gene: WIPI2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Four homozygous patients from one consanguineous family with intellectual developmental, short stature and variable skeletal anomalies. Functional studies in patient cells showed impaired protein function.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2378 SEC31A Hazel Phillimore gene: SEC31A was added
gene: SEC31A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SEC31A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SEC31A were set to PMID: 30464055
Phenotypes for gene: SEC31A were set to congenital neurodevelopmental syndrome; spastic paraplegia; multiple contractures; profound developmental delay; epilepsy; failure to thrive
Review for gene: SEC31A was set to AMBER
Added comment: Frameshift. c.2776_2777, TA duplication, causing predicted p.A927fs*61 truncation and predicted NMD in 2 affected siblings in consanguineous Bedouin family with severe congenital neurological syndrome with spastic paraplegia, multiple contractures, profound developmental delay and convulsions. Failure to thrive. Lethal by age 4 years. Also had hearing defect, bilateral congenital cataract, horizontal nystagmus, with flat retina and optic atrophy. Supporting functional assays from knockout drosophila.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2378 SLC44A1 Sebastian Lunke gene: SLC44A1 was added
gene: SLC44A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC44A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC44A1 were set to 31855247
Phenotypes for gene: SLC44A1 were set to progressive ataxia; tremor; cognitive decline; dysphagia; optic atrophy; dysarthria
Review for gene: SLC44A1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four affected individuals from three families with homozygous frameshift variants. Functional evidence points to impaired choline transporter function yet unchanged membrane phosphatidylcholine content. Choline treatments may be beneficial.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2377 GSX2 Elena Savva gene: GSX2 was added
gene: GSX2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GSX2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GSX2 were set to PMID: 31412107
Phenotypes for gene: GSX2 were set to Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia syndrome 2 618646
Review for gene: GSX2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 31412107 - 2 unrelated patients with homozygous mutations (nonsense, missense). Functional analysis of the missense in transfected HeLa cells demonstrated protein mislocalization and protein expression. Downstream gene expression was also reduced by both mutations.

Summary: GREEN - 2 patients and functional evidence
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2375 SPEF2 Chern Lim gene: SPEF2 was added
gene: SPEF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPEF2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SPEF2 were set to 31151990; 31278745; 31048344
Phenotypes for gene: SPEF2 were set to Spermatogenic failure 43, MIM#618751
Review for gene: SPEF2 was set to GREEN
gene: SPEF2 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: More than 3 unrelated families reported, all PTVs or splice variant. Functional studies showed SPEF2 protein levels were reduced in patients’ spermatozoa. (PMIDs: 31151990, 31278745, 31048344).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2373 DHH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DHH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2372 ACKR3 Elena Savva gene: ACKR3 was added
gene: ACKR3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ACKR3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ACKR3 were set to PMID: 3121183
Phenotypes for gene: ACKR3 were set to Oculomotor synkinesis
Review for gene: ACKR3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: No phenotype currently listed in OMIM

PMID: 3121183 - 1 family (3 siblings and a cousin) with congenital ptosis and oculomotor synkinesis. Mouse model reciprocated the phenotype. Functional assay using transfected HEK293 cells show protein mislocalization and lower binding affinity

Emerging gene-disease association
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2369 MYCN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYCN was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2367 CNNM4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CNNM4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2366 ATM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATM was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2365 SAMD12 Melanie Marty gene: SAMD12 was added
gene: SAMD12 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SAMD12 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SAMD12 were set to 30194086; 29507423
Phenotypes for gene: SAMD12 were set to Epilepsy, familial adult myoclonic, 1 601068
Review for gene: SAMD12 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Repeat expansions of intronic TTTCA and TTTTA motifs within SAMD12 have been identified in over 50 Japanese and Chinese families. Most families with affected individuals were heterozygous however 4 patients from 3 families had homozygous repeat expansions, which was associated with a more severe phenotype. Western blot analysis showed decreased levels of the protein in patient brains.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2365 FUS Elena Savva gene: FUS was added
gene: FUS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FUS was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: FUS were set to PMID: 32281455; 20668259; 20385912
Phenotypes for gene: FUS were set to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 6, with or without frontotemporal dementia 608030; Essential tremor, hereditary, 4 614782
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: FUS was set to Other
Review for gene: FUS was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 32281455 - Reports a case of Pediatric Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Reviews and shows multiple other reports of ALS casued by FUS

PMID: 20668259 - additional reports of ALS

PMID: 20385912 - postulated that disruption of this region may disrupt subcellular distribution of FUS, in turn affecting transcription and RNA processing and conferring a toxic gain of function.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2365 ADAMTS19 Crystle Lee gene: ADAMTS19 was added
gene: ADAMTS19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAMTS19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ADAMTS19 were set to 31844321
Phenotypes for gene: ADAMTS19 were set to Non-syndromic heart valve disease
Review for gene: ADAMTS19 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 31844321; Wünnemann 2020: 4 affected in unrelated 2 consanguineous family with non-syndromic heart valve disease. 1 family with an intragenic (exon 1-8) deletion and 1 nonsense variant. Homozygous knockout mice for Adamts19 show aortic valve dysfunction, recapitulating aspects of the human phenotype
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.2365 C9orf72 Elena Savva gene: C9orf72 was added
gene: C9orf72 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: C9orf72 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: C9orf72 were set to PMID: 30120348; 23284068
Phenotypes for gene: C9orf72 were set to Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 105550
Review for gene: C9orf72 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Possibly RED

Caused by expansion of GGGGCC repeats, dont know if these qualify for mendeliome
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2364 CFAP65 Daniel Flanagan gene: CFAP65 was added
gene: CFAP65 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP65 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CFAP65 were set to 31501240; 31413122
Phenotypes for gene: CFAP65 were set to Spermatogenic failure 40 618664
Penetrance for gene: CFAP65 were set to unknown
Review for gene: CFAP65 was set to GREEN
gene: CFAP65 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 9 patients with multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) or completely immotile spermatozoa, in which, homozygous or compound heterozygous truncating CFAP65 variants were identified. Cfap65-mutated male mice displayed typical MMAF phenotypes with severe morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (PMID: 31501240, 31413122).
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2364 CAP2 Melanie Marty gene: CAP2 was added
gene: CAP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CAP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CAP2 were set to 30518548
Phenotypes for gene: CAP2 were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: CAP2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 2 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy from 1 consanguineous family. The splice variant identified in this family was proven to cause exon skipping and functional studies showed protein level was reduced. A Cap2 knockout mouse model correlated with the clinical phenotype of DCM and cardiac conduction disease, but not the other effects on growth, viability, wound healing and eye development.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2362 SYCP2 Zornitza Stark gene: SYCP2 was added
gene: SYCP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SYCP2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SYCP2 were set to 32092049; 31866047
Phenotypes for gene: SYCP2 were set to Male infertility
Review for gene: SYCP2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four individuals and a zebrafish model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2361 PKDCC Paul De Fazio gene: PKDCC was added
gene: PKDCC was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PKDCC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PKDCC were set to PMID:30478137; 19097194
Phenotypes for gene: PKDCC were set to Dysmorphism; shortening of extremities
Review for gene: PKDCC was set to AMBER
gene: PKDCC was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 2 ("apparently") unrelated individuals with homozygous LoF (1x nonsense, 1x canonical splice) variants reported. Their phenotype is similar to knockout mice.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2361 TNFRSF21 Shannon Cowie gene: TNFRSF21 was added
gene: TNFRSF21 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFRSF21 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: TNFRSF21 were set to PMID: 31189563
Phenotypes for gene: TNFRSF21 were set to high myopia
Review for gene: TNFRSF21 was set to RED
gene: TNFRSF21 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Source: JMG review Oct 2019
Large Chinese family, including 12 patients with non-syndromic HM
Immunofluorescence assay indicated that it is strongly expressed in the mouse eye.
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v0.2361 USP45 Kristin Rigbye gene: USP45 was added
gene: USP45 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: USP45 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: USP45 were set to 30573563
Phenotypes for gene: USP45 were set to Leber congenital amaurosis; retinal dystrophy
Review for gene: USP45 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 2 unrelated Chinese families reported with rare homozygous variants (one missense, one nonsense) and Leber congenital amaurosis. Animal knockout functional studies supported gene-disease association.

PMID: 30573563 "By analysing WES data based on allele frequencies of in-house controls, population allele frequencies and in silico prediction tools, two rare homozygous mutations in USP45 were identified in two unrelated families. Immunohistochemistry of USP45 in the human and zebrafish retinal sections revealed enriched expression in the inner segments of photoreceptors. The knockdown of usp45 transcript in zebrafish led to abnormal retinal development with effects on photoreceptors, which could be successfully rescued by wild-type usp45 mRNA. Moreover, targeted knockout of Usp45 in mice caused abnormal electroretinography responses, similar to that seen in patients with LCA."
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2360 BAZ2B Zornitza Stark gene: BAZ2B was added
gene: BAZ2B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: BAZ2B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: BAZ2B were set to 31999386; 28135719; 25363768
Phenotypes for gene: BAZ2B were set to Intellectual disability; autism
Review for gene: BAZ2B was set to GREEN
Added comment: Postulated as a candidate gene for ID/ASD by large-scale studies. Case series reports two individuals with small CNVs and and six with SNVs, mostly LoF type variants. Although the gene is generally intolerant of LoF, some LoF variants present in gnomad ?incomplete penetrance. Additional reported features were inconsistent
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.2358 TPI1 Zornitza Stark gene: TPI1 was added
gene: TPI1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TPI1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: TPI1 were set to Hemolytic anemia due to triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, MIM# 615512
Review for gene: TPI1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2356 EMG1 Zornitza Stark gene: EMG1 was added
gene: EMG1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: EMG1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: EMG1 were set to 19463982
Phenotypes for gene: EMG1 were set to Bowen-Conradi syndrome, MIM#211180
Review for gene: EMG1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Founder mutation in Hutterite, D86G.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2354 EIF2AK4 Zornitza Stark gene: EIF2AK4 was added
gene: EIF2AK4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF2AK4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: EIF2AK4 were set to Pulmonary venoocclusive disease 2, MIM#234810
Review for gene: EIF2AK4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2352 AGBL5 Zornitza Stark gene: AGBL5 was added
gene: AGBL5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: AGBL5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: AGBL5 were set to 26720455; 26355662; 30925032
Phenotypes for gene: AGBL5 were set to Retinitis pigmentosa 75, MIM# 617023
Review for gene: AGBL5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least three unrelated families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2350 CPT1C Bryony Thompson gene: CPT1C was added
gene: CPT1C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: CPT1C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CPT1C were set to 25751282; 23973755
Phenotypes for gene: CPT1C were set to Spastic paraplegia 73, autosomal dominant MIM#616282
Review for gene: CPT1C was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two unrelated families dominant HSP and a supportive mouse model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2348 ATP2B4 Bryony Thompson gene: ATP2B4 was added
gene: ATP2B4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP2B4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ATP2B4 were set to 25119969; 25798335; 29691679
Phenotypes for gene: ATP2B4 were set to Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Review for gene: ATP2B4 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One Chinese family segregating a missense variant with HSP and one HSP case with a assumed de novo nonsense variant. Supporting in vitro functional assays for the missense variant.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2343 SEC63 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SEC63 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2340 CYP1B1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP1B1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2337 DAG1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DAG1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2334 DPYD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DPYD was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2331 MFSD8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MFSD8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2329 NF1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NF1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2326 TECTA Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TECTA was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2325 TECTA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TECTA was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2321 TRAPPC9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAPPC9 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2318 SOS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SOS1 was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.2317 SOS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SOS1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2314 F11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: F11 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2312 FMR1 Bryony Thompson Tag STR tag was added to gene: FMR1.
Mendeliome v0.2312 DMPK Bryony Thompson Tag STR tag was added to gene: DMPK.
Mendeliome v0.2311 MED13L Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MED13L was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2310 BEAN1 Bryony Thompson Tag STR tag was added to gene: BEAN1.
Mendeliome v0.2307 PROKR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PROKR2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2306 PROKR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PROKR2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2304 XRCC1 Bryony Thompson gene: XRCC1 was added
gene: XRCC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: XRCC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: XRCC1 were set to 28002403; 29472272
Phenotypes for gene: XRCC1 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 26 MIM#617633
Review for gene: XRCC1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three South Asian cases (one with early adult onset and the other two with onset in childhood) reported with slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia accompanied by sensorimotor neuropathy. All with the recurrent splice variant (c.1293G>C, 2 homozygotes and a compound heterozygote). Mice with conditional deletion of the Xrcc1 gene in the brain showed cerebellar ataxia.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2302 TRPC3 Bryony Thompson gene: TRPC3 was added
gene: TRPC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPC3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: TRPC3 were set to 25477146; 19351902
Phenotypes for gene: TRPC3 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 41 MIM#616410
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TRPC3 was set to Other
Review for gene: TRPC3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A heterozygous gain-of function missense has been identified in a 40-year-old man with adult-onset spinocerebellar ataxia. A mouse model of dominant cerebellar ataxia, termed 'moonwalker', contains a gain-of-function variant in this gene.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2300 SLC9A1 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC9A1 was added
gene: SLC9A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC9A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC9A1 were set to 25205112; 30018422; 25760855
Phenotypes for gene: SLC9A1 were set to Lichtenstein-Knorr syndrome, MIM# 616291
Review for gene: SLC9A1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two families with bi-allelic variants in this gene reported and combination of deafness and ataxia.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2298 MTCL1 Bryony Thompson gene: MTCL1 was added
gene: MTCL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MTCL1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MTCL1 were set to 30548255; 28283581
Phenotypes for gene: MTCL1 were set to slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia; mild intellectual disability; seizures; episodic pain; spinocerebellar ataxia
Review for gene: MTCL1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single case with a homozygous loss of function variant in a Polish study of early-onset cerebellar ataxia, and a single family with a single heterozygous missense (p.Val1435Met) identified in two family members with adult-onset spinocerebellar ataxia. Mtcl1 gene disruption in mice results in abnormal motor coordination with Purkinje cell degeneration
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2296 ATG5 Bryony Thompson gene: ATG5 was added
gene: ATG5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATG5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ATG5 were set to 16625204; 26812546
Phenotypes for gene: ATG5 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 25 MIM#617584
Review for gene: ATG5 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A homozgyous variant was identified in a single family with two affected siblings. Mice deficient for Atg5 specifically in neural cells and Atg5 null Drosophila develop progressive deficits in motor function.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2295 IL18BP Zornitza Stark gene: IL18BP was added
gene: IL18BP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: IL18BP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: IL18BP were set to 31213488
Phenotypes for gene: IL18BP were set to {?Hepatitis, fulminant viral, susceptibility to} 618549
Review for gene: IL18BP was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported with homozygous 40bp deletion in this gene and fulminant Hep A hepatitis.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2292 IRF4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IRF4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2289 ACOX2 Zornitza Stark gene: ACOX2 was added
gene: ACOX2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: ACOX2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ACOX2 were set to 27647924; 27884763
Phenotypes for gene: ACOX2 were set to Bile acid synthesis defect, congenital, 6, 617308
Review for gene: ACOX2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.2287 LARS Zornitza Stark gene: LARS was added
gene: LARS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: LARS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LARS were set to 28774368; 30349989; 22607940
Phenotypes for gene: LARS were set to Infantile liver failure syndrome 1, MIM# 615438
Review for gene: LARS was set to GREEN
gene: LARS was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Six unrelated families reported in the literature, reviewed in PMID: 30349989.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.2284 KCNJ11 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KCNJ11 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2283 KCNJ11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ11 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2281 SIPA1L3 Bryony Thompson gene: SIPA1L3 was added
gene: SIPA1L3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SIPA1L3 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SIPA1L3 were set to 28951961; 27993984; 25804400
Phenotypes for gene: SIPA1L3 were set to Cataract 45 MIM#616851
Review for gene: SIPA1L3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A consanguineous German family segregating a homozygous nonsense mutation in two sisters with congenital cataracts (PMID: 25804400). Null Zebrafish, Xenopus and mouse models recapitulate the human cataract phenotype. A case with congenital cataracts as a feature of their condition harboured a de novo balanced chromosomal translocation, 46,XY,t(2;19)(q37.3;q13.1), where breakpoint mapping and sequencing showed a physical disruption of the 5′UTR of SIPA1L3 (PMID: 26231217). In a case with bilateral congenital cataracts a heterozygous missense (D148Y) was identified and in vitro functional assays of the variant resulted in abnormal actin morphology (PMID: 26231217).
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2279 SLC18A2 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC18A2 was added
gene: SLC18A2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC18A2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC18A2 were set to 23363473; 31240161; 26497564
Phenotypes for gene: SLC18A2 were set to Parkinsonism-dystonia, infantile, 2, MIM# 618049
Review for gene: SLC18A2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least three unrelated families reported, potential treatment implications
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.2276 RNU4ATAC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RNU4ATAC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2273 IFT172 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IFT172 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2270 KMT2E Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KMT2E was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2267 MAP1B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAP1B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2264 MAP3K7 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: MAP3K7 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2263 MAP3K7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAP3K7 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2260 MARS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MARS2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2257 MECOM Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MECOM was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2254 MED17 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MED17 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2251 NEBL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEBL was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2249 NPHP3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NPHP3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2243 PAX1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PAX1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2240 PDE8B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PDE8B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2235 PIGG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGG was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2232 PIGU Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGU was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2229 PUS3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PUS3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2226 RUBCN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RUBCN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2223 SHANK2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SHANK2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2220 SLC26A4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC26A4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2217 SMPD4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMPD4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2214 SOX11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SOX11 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2209 QRSL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: QRSL1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2206 PPCS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PPCS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2204 PET117 Zornitza Stark gene: PET117 was added
gene: PET117 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PET117 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PET117 were set to 28386624
Phenotypes for gene: PET117 were set to Developmental delay; Regression; Complex IV deficiency
Review for gene: PET117 was set to RED
Added comment: Two siblings reported, some functional data. PET117 postulated to be a Complex IV assembly factor.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2196 TBCD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TBCD was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2195 TMTC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMTC2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2186 WNT10A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WNT10A was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2184 ZNF592 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF592 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2179 NME3 Zornitza Stark gene: NME3 was added
gene: NME3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: NME3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NME3 were set to 30587587
Phenotypes for gene: NME3 were set to Hypotonia; Neurodegeneration; Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics
Review for gene: NME3 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported. NME3 is a mitochondrial outer-membrane protein capable of interacting with MFN1/2, and its depletion causes dysfunction in mitochondrial dynamics
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2178 MRPS28 Zornitza Stark gene: MRPS28 was added
gene: MRPS28 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPS28 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MRPS28 were set to 30566640
Phenotypes for gene: MRPS28 were set to Intrauterine growth retardation; developmental delay; dysmorphism
Review for gene: MRPS28 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2177 MRPS25 Zornitza Stark gene: MRPS25 was added
gene: MRPS25 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPS25 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MRPS25 were set to 31039582
Phenotypes for gene: MRPS25 were set to Dyskinetic cerebral palsy; Mitochondrial myopathy; Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum
Review for gene: MRPS25 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2173 MIEF2 Zornitza Stark gene: MIEF2 was added
gene: MIEF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MIEF2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MIEF2 were set to 29361167
Phenotypes for gene: MIEF2 were set to Progressive muscle weakness; Exercise intolerance; Ragged red and COX negative fibres; Complex I and IV deficiency
Review for gene: MIEF2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2171 ERAL1 Zornitza Stark gene: ERAL1 was added
gene: ERAL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ERAL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ERAL1 were set to 28449065
Phenotypes for gene: ERAL1 were set to Perrault syndrome 6, MIM# 617565
Review for gene: ERAL1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Three individuals from same small geographical location with homozygous missense variant in this gene, functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2170 COX5A Zornitza Stark gene: COX5A was added
gene: COX5A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: COX5A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: COX5A were set to 2824752
Phenotypes for gene: COX5A were set to pulmonary arterial hypertension; lactic acidemia; failure to thrive; isolated complex IV deficiency
Review for gene: COX5A was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2167 TRAF3IP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAF3IP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2163 TRAF3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAF3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2159 TNFSF12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFSF12 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2155 TNFRSF4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFRSF4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2151 TNFRSF13C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFRSF13C was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2147 TNFRSF13B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFRSF13B was changed from Unknown to Other
Mendeliome v0.2144 THBD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: THBD was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2141 TAPBP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TAPBP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2138 NXN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NXN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2133 SEMA3E Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SEMA3E was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2130 RNF31 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RNF31 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2126 RHOH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RHOH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2122 PSMB9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMB9 was changed from Unknown to Other
Mendeliome v0.2118 PSMB4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMB4 was changed from Unknown to Other
Mendeliome v0.2114 PSMA3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMA3 was changed from Unknown to Other
Mendeliome v0.2108 NFAT5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NFAT5 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2104 MS4A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MS4A1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2101 MASP2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MASP2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2096 IRF7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IRF7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2092 IL21 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL21 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2088 IL17F Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL17F was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2081 FCN3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FCN3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2077 FCGR3A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FCGR3A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2073 CR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CR2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2068 CFHR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CFHR2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2067 CFHR2 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: CFHR2.
Mendeliome v0.2065 CFB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CFB was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2061 CFB Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CFB was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2057 CD8A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CD8A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2053 CD81 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CD81 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2050 CD247 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Also known as CD3Z. Single individual reported with homozygous germline nonsense variant, which was present in some T cells, but others had the nonsense variant in combination with one of three different missense somatic variants.; to: Also known as CD3Z. Note one individual reported with homozygous germline nonsense variant, which was present in some T cells, but others had the nonsense variant in combination with one of three different missense somatic variants.
Mendeliome v0.2047 BLOC1S6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BLOC1S6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2044 MIR140 Zornitza Stark gene: MIR140 was added
gene: MIR140 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: MIR140 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MIR140 were set to 30804514; 31633310
Phenotypes for gene: MIR140 were set to Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Nishimura type, MIM# 618618
Review for gene: MIR140 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Single clinical paper (30804514) reports variant in affected mother and child (de novo in mother) and in a separate unrelated female (de novo) with spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia. Mouse model (21576357) deletion of gene causes impaired longitudinal bone growth. Separate mouse model studies by same authors as clinical paper above (30804514) showed phenotype of mice with same mutation in this gene consistent with the skeletal dysplasia features of patients with the n.24A-G mutation, suggestive of neomorphic effects (mutation produces both loss-of-function and gain-of-function effects.)
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.2043 APOL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: APOL1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2037 AP1S3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AP1S3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2031 PIEZO1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PIEZO1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2030 PIEZO1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PIEZO1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2027 TBX19 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TBX19 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2024 TCF20 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TCF20 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2021 TFE3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TFE3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2018 ICOSLG Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ICOSLG was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2014 IL6ST Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL6ST was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2011 SAMD9L Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SAMD9L was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.2010 SAMD9L Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SAMD9L was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2007 RFWD3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RFWD3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.2005 MAD2L2 Zornitza Stark gene: MAD2L2 was added
gene: MAD2L2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MAD2L2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MAD2L2 were set to 27500492
Phenotypes for gene: MAD2L2 were set to Fanconi anemia, complementation group V, MIM# 617243
Review for gene: MAD2L2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.2002 UBE2T Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UBE2T was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1999 HAVCR2 Zornitza Stark gene: HAVCR2 was added
gene: HAVCR2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: HAVCR2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HAVCR2 were set to 30374066; 30792187
Phenotypes for gene: HAVCR2 were set to T-cell lymphoma, subcutaneous panniculitis-like, MIM# 618398
Review for gene: HAVCR2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Over 20 unrelated individuals reported, note germline confirmation in only a few. Some variants are recurrent: c.245A>G (p.Tyr82Cys) and c.291A>G (p.Ile97Met).
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1997 TRIM22 Zornitza Stark gene: TRIM22 was added
gene: TRIM22 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIM22 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TRIM22 were set to 26836588
Phenotypes for gene: TRIM22 were set to Inflammatory bowel disease
Review for gene: TRIM22 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene, and very early onset IBD, some functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1995 ALPI Zornitza Stark gene: ALPI was added
gene: ALPI was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ALPI was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ALPI were set to 29567797
Phenotypes for gene: ALPI were set to Inflammatory bowel disease
Review for gene: ALPI was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated individuals, some functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1994 PSMG2 Zornitza Stark gene: PSMG2 was added
gene: PSMG2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMG2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PSMG2 were set to 30664889
Phenotypes for gene: PSMG2 were set to CANDLE syndrome; Chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatitis with lipodystrophy
Review for gene: PSMG2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1991 NLRP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NLRP1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1988 POLA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POLA1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1987 POLA1 Zornitza Stark Tag deep intronic tag was added to gene: POLA1.
Mendeliome v0.1987 IRAK1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: IRAK1.
Mendeliome v0.1987 IRAK1 Zornitza Stark gene: IRAK1 was added
gene: IRAK1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: IRAK1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: IRAK1 were set to 28069966
Phenotypes for gene: IRAK1 were set to Susceptibility to bacterial infections
Review for gene: IRAK1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual with MECP2 and IRAK1 deletion, died in infancy, immunological phenotype not fully elucidated. In vitro studies.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1985 DBR1 Zornitza Stark gene: DBR1 was added
gene: DBR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: DBR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DBR1 were set to 29474921
Phenotypes for gene: DBR1 were set to Viral infections of the brainstem
Review for gene: DBR1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Seven individuals from three unrelated families with viral brainstem encephalitis and bi-allelic hypomorphic variants.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1984 POLR3F Zornitza Stark gene: POLR3F was added
gene: POLR3F was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR3F was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: POLR3F were set to 30211253
Phenotypes for gene: POLR3F were set to Severe VZV infection
Review for gene: POLR3F was set to RED
Added comment: Missense variant identified in a pair of monozygotic twins. Variant was paternally inherited.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1982 POLR3C Zornitza Stark gene: POLR3C was added
gene: POLR3C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR3C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: POLR3C were set to 28783042
Phenotypes for gene: POLR3C were set to Severe VZV infection
Review for gene: POLR3C was set to AMBER
Added comment: One individual with POLR3C variant and another individual with both POL3RA and POL3RC variants.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1980 POLR3A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR3A was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1977 IFNAR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IFNAR2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1974 IFNAR1 Zornitza Stark gene: IFNAR1 was added
gene: IFNAR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: IFNAR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: IFNAR1 were set to 31270247
Phenotypes for gene: IFNAR1 were set to Severe disease caused by Yellow Fever vaccine and Measles vaccine
Review for gene: IFNAR1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported with bi-allelic LoF variants, some functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1972 IRF9 Zornitza Stark gene: IRF9 was added
gene: IRF9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: IRF9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: IRF9 were set to 30826365; 30143481
Phenotypes for gene: IRF9 were set to Immunodeficiency 65, susceptibility to viral infections 618648
Review for gene: IRF9 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1970 CIB1 Zornitza Stark gene: CIB1 was added
gene: CIB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: CIB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CIB1 were set to 30068544
Phenotypes for gene: CIB1 were set to Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 3 618267; HPV infections and cancer of the skin
Review for gene: CIB1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 24 individuals from 6 families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1967 JAK1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: JAK1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1964 SPPL2A Zornitza Stark gene: SPPL2A was added
gene: SPPL2A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPPL2A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SPPL2A were set to 30127434
Phenotypes for gene: SPPL2A were set to Susceptibility to mycobacteria and Salmonella
Review for gene: SPPL2A was set to AMBER
Added comment: Three individuals from two unrelated consanguineous family with two different homozygous splice site variants, functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1961 IL23R Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL23R was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1959 IL12RB2 Zornitza Stark gene: IL12RB2 was added
gene: IL12RB2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: IL12RB2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: IL12RB2 were set to 30578351
Phenotypes for gene: IL12RB2 were set to Susceptibility to mycobacteria and Salmonella
Review for gene: IL12RB2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported, some functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1957 C17orf62 Zornitza Stark gene: C17orf62 was added
gene: C17orf62 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: C17orf62 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: C17orf62 were set to 30361506; 30312704; 28351984
Phenotypes for gene: C17orf62 were set to Chronic granulomatous disease
Review for gene: C17orf62 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Seven Icelandic families reported with same homozygous variant, p.Tyr2Ter and an additional family from different ethnic background with different homozygous splice site variant. Functional data, including mouse model. Gene also known as EROS and CYBC1 (HGNC approved name)
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1955 MKL1 Zornitza Stark gene: MKL1 was added
gene: MKL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MKL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MKL1 were set to 32128589; 26224645
Phenotypes for gene: MKL1 were set to Neutropaenia with combined immune deficiency
Review for gene: MKL1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1954 HYOU1 Zornitza Stark gene: HYOU1 was added
gene: HYOU1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: HYOU1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HYOU1 were set to 27913302
Phenotypes for gene: HYOU1 were set to Immunodeficiency 59 and hypoglycemia, MIM# 233600
Review for gene: HYOU1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1952 SMARCD2 Zornitza Stark gene: SMARCD2 was added
gene: SMARCD2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SMARCD2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SMARCD2 were set to 28369036; 28369034
Phenotypes for gene: SMARCD2 were set to Specific granule deficiency 2, MIM# 617475; Neutropaenia; Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in some; Myelodysplasia
Review for gene: SMARCD2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families and functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1950 TNFRSF9 Zornitza Stark gene: TNFRSF9 was added
gene: TNFRSF9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFRSF9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TNFRSF9 were set to 30872117; 31501153
Phenotypes for gene: TNFRSF9 were set to EBV lymphoproliferation; B-cell lymphoma; Chronic active EBV infection
Review for gene: TNFRSF9 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Six unrelated individuals, two with same homozygous G109S missense variant, functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1947 CTPS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CTPS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1946 JAK1 Zornitza Stark gene: JAK1 was added
gene: JAK1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: JAK1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: JAK1 were set to 28111307
Phenotypes for gene: JAK1 were set to Eosinophilia; Eosinophilic enteritis; Thyroid disease; Poor growth; Viral infections
Review for gene: JAK1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported (mother and two children) with GoF variant.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1944 IL2RB Zornitza Stark gene: IL2RB was added
gene: IL2RB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: IL2RB was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: IL2RB were set to 31040184; 31040185
Phenotypes for gene: IL2RB were set to Immunodeficiency 63 with lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity, MIM# 618495; Lymphoproliferation, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, dermatitis, enteropathy, hypergammaglobulinaemia, recurrent viral (EBV, CMV) infections
Review for gene: IL2RB was set to GREEN
Added comment: Five families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1943 AP3D1 Zornitza Stark gene: AP3D1 was added
gene: AP3D1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: AP3D1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: AP3D1 were set to 26744459; 9697856
Phenotypes for gene: AP3D1 were set to Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 10, MIM# 617050; Oculocutaneous albinism; Severe neutropaenia; Recurrent infections; Seizures; Hearing loss; Neurodevelopmental delay
Review for gene: AP3D1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family and a mouse model.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1942 FAAP24 Zornitza Stark gene: FAAP24 was added
gene: FAAP24 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: FAAP24 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FAAP24 were set to 27473539
Phenotypes for gene: FAAP24 were set to EBV infection-driven lymphoproliferative disease
Review for gene: FAAP24 was set to RED
Added comment: Single sib pair with homozygous missense variant, some functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1941 SH3KBP1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: SH3KBP1.
Mendeliome v0.1941 SH3KBP1 Zornitza Stark gene: SH3KBP1 was added
gene: SH3KBP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SH3KBP1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: SH3KBP1 were set to 29636373; 21708930
Phenotypes for gene: SH3KBP1 were set to Immunodeficiency 61, MIM# 300310
Review for gene: SH3KBP1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported, 247.5-kb intragenic deletion detected by array.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1940 ARHGEF1 Zornitza Stark gene: ARHGEF1 was added
gene: ARHGEF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARHGEF1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ARHGEF1 were set to 30521495
Phenotypes for gene: ARHGEF1 were set to Immunodeficiency 62, MIM#618459
Review for gene: ARHGEF1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family, functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1937 ATP6AP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP6AP1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1936 IRF2BP2 Zornitza Stark gene: IRF2BP2 was added
gene: IRF2BP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: IRF2BP2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: IRF2BP2 were set to 27016798
Phenotypes for gene: IRF2BP2 were set to Immunodeficiency, common variable, 14, MIM# 617765
Review for gene: IRF2BP2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported only.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1931 SLC39A7 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC39A7 was added
gene: SLC39A7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC39A7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC39A7 were set to 30718914
Phenotypes for gene: SLC39A7 were set to Antibody deficiency; early onset infections; blistering dermatosis; failure to thrive; thrombocytopaenia
Review for gene: SLC39A7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Five unrelated families with hypomorphic variants and a mouse model recapitulating phenotype.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1929 NFE2L2 Zornitza Stark gene: NFE2L2 was added
gene: NFE2L2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: NFE2L2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NFE2L2 were set to 29018201
Phenotypes for gene: NFE2L2 were set to Immunodeficiency, developmental delay, and hypohomocysteinemia, MIM# 617744; Recurrent respiratory and skin infection; Growth retardation; Developmental delay, borderline ID; White matter cerebral lesions
Review for gene: NFE2L2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1927 ERBIN Zornitza Stark gene: ERBIN was added
gene: ERBIN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ERBIN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ERBIN were set to 28126831
Phenotypes for gene: ERBIN were set to Recurrent respiratory infections; Susceptibility to S.aureus; Eczema; Hyperextensible joints; Scoliosis; Arterial dilatation in some
Review for gene: ERBIN was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single family and functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1925 ZNF341 Zornitza Stark gene: ZNF341 was added
gene: ZNF341 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF341 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ZNF341 were set to 29907691; 29907690
Phenotypes for gene: ZNF341 were set to Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 3, autosomal recessive, MIM# 618282; Mild facial dysmorphism; Early onset eczema; Recurrent bacterial skin infections, abscesses; Recurrent respiratory infections, lung abscesses and pneumothoraces; Hyperextensible joints, bone fractures, retention of primary teeth
Review for gene: ZNF341 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 19 individuals from 10 families reported, some sharing the same homozygous variants (at least 4 different LoF variants reported).
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1923 IL6ST Zornitza Stark gene: IL6ST was added
gene: IL6ST was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: IL6ST was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: IL6ST were set to 28747427; 30309848; 12370259; 16041381; 31914175
Phenotypes for gene: IL6ST were set to Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 4, autosomal recessive, MIM# 618523; Stuve-Wiedemann-like syndrome: skeletal dysplasia, neonatal lung dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, dermatitis, defective acute-phase response.
Review for gene: IL6ST was set to GREEN
Added comment: Also known as gp130. Two families with bi-allelic missense variants and immunological phenotype described initially. More recently, five individuals from three families reported with a more complex Stuve-Wiedemann-like phenotype reported, including skeletal dysplasia and neonatal lung dysfunction with additional features such as congenital thrombocytopenia, eczematoid dermatitis, renal abnormalities, and defective acute-phase response. These three families had bi-allelic LoF variants (nonsense and canonical splice site). Several mouse models support gene-disease association.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1920 IL6R Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IL6R was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1917 LIG1 Zornitza Stark gene: LIG1 was added
gene: LIG1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: LIG1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LIG1 were set to 30395541
Phenotypes for gene: LIG1 were set to Combined immunodeficiency; Lymphopaenia; Hypogammaglobulinaemia; Recurrent bacterial and viral infections; Growth retardation; Sun sensitivity, radiation sensitivity; Macrocytosis
Review for gene: LIG1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Five individuals from three families.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1916 POLE2 Zornitza Stark gene: POLE2 was added
gene: POLE2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: POLE2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: POLE2 were set to 26365386
Phenotypes for gene: POLE2 were set to Combined immunodeficiency; Lymphopaenia; Lack of TRECS, absent proliferation in response to antigens; Hypoglobulinaemia; Recurrent infections, disseminated BCG infections; Autoimmunity; Facial dysmorphism
Review for gene: POLE2 was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported with homozygous splice site variant.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1914 FCHO1 Zornitza Stark gene: FCHO1 was added
gene: FCHO1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: FCHO1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FCHO1 were set to 32098969; 30822429
Phenotypes for gene: FCHO1 were set to Combined immunodeficiency; T cells: low, poor proliferation; B cells: normal number; Recurrent infections (viral, mycobacteria, bacterial, fungal); lymphoproliferation; Failure to thrive; Increased activation-induced T-cell death; Defective clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Review for gene: FCHO1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: More than 10 affected individuals with bi-allelic variants in this gene reported. Functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1913 REL Zornitza Stark gene: REL was added
gene: REL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: REL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: REL were set to 31103457
Phenotypes for gene: REL were set to Combined immunodeficiency; T cells: normal, decreased memory CD4, poor proliferation; B cells: low, mostly naive, few switched memory B cells, impaired proliferation; Recurrent infections with bacteria, mycobacteria, salmonella and opportunistic organisms; Defective innate immunity
Review for gene: REL was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual from consanguineous family reported with homozygous canonical splice site variant, no functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1910 TFRC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TFRC was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1907 RELA Zornitza Stark gene: RELA was added
gene: RELA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: RELA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: RELA were set to 28600438; 29305315
Phenotypes for gene: RELA were set to Mucocutaneous ulceration, chronic, MIM# 618287; Impaired NFkB activation; reduced production of inflammatory cytokines; autoimmune cytopaenias
Review for gene: RELA was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two families reported, somewhat different phenotypes.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1905 RELB Zornitza Stark gene: RELB was added
gene: RELB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: RELB was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RELB were set to 7834753; 26385063
Phenotypes for gene: RELB were set to Immunodeficiency 53, MIM# 617585; T cells: normal number, poor diversity, poor function; recurrent infections
Review for gene: RELB was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single family reported, functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1902 CD247 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CD247 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1900 NSMCE2 Tiong Tan gene: NSMCE2 was added
gene: NSMCE2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NSMCE2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NSMCE2 were set to 25105364
Phenotypes for gene: NSMCE2 were set to SECKEL SYNDROME 10
Penetrance for gene: NSMCE2 were set to Complete
Review for gene: NSMCE2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Biallelic hypomorphic variants in two unrelated women with microcephalic primordial dwarfism, insulin-resistant diabetes, fatty liver, and hypertriglyceridemia developing in childhood; and primary gonadal failure. Good quality functional evidence. No additional confirmatory cases since 2014 publication
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1897 TRPA1 Zornitza Stark gene: TRPA1 was added
gene: TRPA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPA1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: TRPA1 were set to 20547126; 16564016; 21468319; 28314413; 24778270; 24564660; 20718100
Phenotypes for gene: TRPA1 were set to Episodic pain syndrome, familial, 1, MIM# 615040
Review for gene: TRPA1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single family and a lot of functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1896 PLEKHA5 Tiong Tan gene: PLEKHA5 was added
gene: PLEKHA5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLEKHA5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: PLEKHA5 were set to 29805042
Phenotypes for gene: PLEKHA5 were set to cleft lip; cleft palate
Penetrance for gene: PLEKHA5 were set to Complete
Review for gene: PLEKHA5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1894 CNKSR1 Zornitza Stark gene: CNKSR1 was added
gene: CNKSR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: CNKSR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CNKSR1 were set to 30450701; 30237576; 21937992
Phenotypes for gene: CNKSR1 were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: CNKSR1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Three families reported, two as part of large cohorts reporting multiple novel genes. Note the family reported in PMID 30450701 appears to be the same family as reported in PMID 21937992. Some functional data in PMID 30450701, including Drosophila model.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.1892 FRMD4A Zornitza Stark gene: FRMD4A was added
gene: FRMD4A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: FRMD4A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FRMD4A were set to 25388005; 30214071
Phenotypes for gene: FRMD4A were set to Intellectual disability; microcephaly; Corpus callosum, agenesis of, with facial anomalies and cerebellar ataxia, MIM# 616819
Review for gene: FRMD4A was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single Bedouin Israeli family reported with homozygous variant initially. Good segregation data. No functional data. Another family reported as part of a large consanguineous microcephaly cohort, different variant.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.1890 NEK10 Zornitza Stark gene: NEK10 was added
gene: NEK10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: NEK10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NEK10 were set to 31959991
Phenotypes for gene: NEK10 were set to Primary ciliary dyskinesia; bronchiectasis
Review for gene: NEK10 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Nine individuals from 5 unrelated families, some functional data.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1888 PIGK Zornitza Stark gene: PIGK was added
gene: PIGK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PIGK were set to 32220290
Phenotypes for gene: PIGK were set to Intellectual disability; seizures; cerebellar atrophy
Review for gene: PIGK was set to GREEN
Added comment: 12 individuals from 9 unrelated families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1886 ADARB1 Zornitza Stark gene: ADARB1 was added
gene: ADARB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ADARB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ADARB1 were set to 32220291
Phenotypes for gene: ADARB1 were set to Intellectual disability; microcephaly; seizures
Review for gene: ADARB1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated individuals with bi-allelic variants in this gene.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1883 HSPB3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HSPB3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1879 FBXO38 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FBXO38 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1876 DRP2 Zornitza Stark gene: DRP2 was added
gene: DRP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: DRP2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: DRP2 were set to 26227883; 11430802; 31217940; 22764250; 29473052
Phenotypes for gene: DRP2 were set to Charcot Marie Tooth, intermediate X-linked; HMSN
Review for gene: DRP2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families, functional data.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1874 DGAT2 Zornitza Stark gene: DGAT2 was added
gene: DGAT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: DGAT2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: DGAT2 were set to 26786738
Phenotypes for gene: DGAT2 were set to axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Review for gene: DGAT2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single family (father and son) reported, with supporting in vitro functional assays and a zebrafish model.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.1872 ERLIN1 Bryony Thompson gene: ERLIN1 was added
gene: ERLIN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ERLIN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ERLIN1 were set to 24482476
Phenotypes for gene: ERLIN1 were set to Spastic paraplegia 62 MIM#615681
Review for gene: ERLIN1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated consanguineous families with early onset pure HSP.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1866 ARID2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARID2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1863 DYNC1H1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: DYNC1H1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1862 DYNC1H1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DYNC1H1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1859 PQBP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PQBP1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1858 PQBP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PQBP1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1855 CHD3 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CHD3 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1854 CHD3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHD3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1851 DLG3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DLG3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1847 FBN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FBN2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1845 AGTPBP1 Zornitza Stark gene: AGTPBP1 was added
gene: AGTPBP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: AGTPBP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: AGTPBP1 were set to 30420557
Phenotypes for gene: AGTPBP1 were set to Early onset cerebellar atrophy, developmental delay, and feeding and respiratory difficulties, severe motor neuronopathy; Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with cerebellar atrophy, 618276
Review for gene: AGTPBP1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Thirteen individuals with bi-allelic variants in this gene, complex neurological phenotype of dev delay/ID, cerebellar atrophy and neuropathy, severe progressive course in six.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1841 EIF2AK2 Zornitza Stark gene: EIF2AK2 was added
gene: EIF2AK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF2AK2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: EIF2AK2 were set to 32197074
Phenotypes for gene: EIF2AK2 were set to Intellectual disability; white matter abnormalities; ataxia; regression with febrile illness
Review for gene: EIF2AK2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Eight individuals with de novo variants and complex neurodevelopmental phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1840 EIF2AK1 Zornitza Stark gene: EIF2AK1 was added
gene: EIF2AK1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF2AK1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: EIF2AK1 were set to 32197074
Phenotypes for gene: EIF2AK1 were set to Intellectual disability; white matter abnormalities
Review for gene: EIF2AK1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single individual reported with de novo variant in this gene.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1838 NOVA2 Zornitza Stark gene: NOVA2 was added
gene: NOVA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NOVA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: NOVA2 were set to 32197073
Phenotypes for gene: NOVA2 were set to Intellectual disability; autism; hypotonia; spasticity; ataxia
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: NOVA2 was set to Other
Review for gene: NOVA2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Six individuals with de novo frameshift variants resulting in C-terminal extension suggesting partial LoF as mechanism.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1836 GNB2 Sue White gene: GNB2 was added
gene: GNB2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GNB2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: GNB2 were set to 31698099
Phenotypes for gene: GNB2 were set to intellectual disability; dysmorphic features
Penetrance for gene: GNB2 were set to Complete
Review for gene: GNB2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: single report of patient with de novo missense variant in GNB2 and intellectual disability. Emerging evidence of other de no missense variants in GNB2 and ID
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1834 NRROS Sue White gene: NRROS was added
gene: NRROS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NRROS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NRROS were set to 32100099; 32197075
Phenotypes for gene: NRROS were set to neurodegeneration; intracranial calcification; epilepsy
Penetrance for gene: NRROS were set to Complete
Review for gene: NRROS was set to GREEN
Added comment: normal development or mild developmental delay until onset of regression around age of 1 concurrent with epilepsy
biallelic LOF mutations with functional evidence of pathogenicity
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1831 CNOT3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CNOT3 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1828 CBS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CBS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1823 SLC25A21 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC25A21 was added
gene: SLC25A21 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A21 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC25A21 were set to 29517768
Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A21 were set to Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome-18, MIM#618811
Review for gene: SLC25A21 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One case with a homozygous variant and functional assays showing mitochondrial dysfunction.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1821 SLC25A10 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC25A10 was added
gene: SLC25A10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC25A10 were set to 29211846
Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A10 were set to Intractable epileptic encephalopathy
Review for gene: SLC25A10 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One case with intractable epileptic encephalopathy with complex I deficiency, with biallelic variants. Yeast SLC25A10 ortholog lack-of-function causes impairment in mitochondrial respiration, reduced mtDNA copy number and oxidative stress vulnerability.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1817 QARS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: QARS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1815 PTCD3 Zornitza Stark gene: PTCD3 was added
gene: PTCD3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: PTCD3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PTCD3 were set to 30607703; 19427859
Phenotypes for gene: PTCD3 were set to Intellectual disability; optic atrophy; Leigh-like syndrome
Review for gene: PTCD3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One compound heterozygote case and functional assays. Essential subunit of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1814 PTCD1 Zornitza Stark gene: PTCD1 was added
gene: PTCD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: PTCD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PTCD1 were set to 25058219
Phenotypes for gene: PTCD1 were set to Cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: PTCD1 was set to RED
Added comment: Single case reported with no functional characterisation. Biochemical analyses of heart tissue identified global COX defect. No OMIM phenotype.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1812 PNPLA4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PNPLA4 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1809 OXA1L Zornitza Stark gene: OXA1L was added
gene: OXA1L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: OXA1L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: OXA1L were set to 30201738; 16435202
Phenotypes for gene: OXA1L were set to Encephalopathy; hypotonia; developmental delay
Review for gene: OXA1L was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single family reported with biochemical and molecular analyses of patient skeletal muscle and fibroblasts. In vitro functional assays in human cell lines, Drosophila model, and yeast-based assays. Loss of function affects oxidative phosphorylation complexes IV and V.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1807 NSUN3 Zornitza Stark gene: NSUN3 was added
gene: NSUN3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: NSUN3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NSUN3 were set to 27356879
Phenotypes for gene: NSUN3 were set to combined mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiency
Review for gene: NSUN3 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A single compound heterozygous case. Patient-derived fibroblasts exhibited severe defects in mitochondrial translation that can be rescued by exogenous expression of NSun3. In vitro functional assays also conducted.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1805 NDUFB10 Zornitza Stark gene: NDUFB10 was added
gene: NDUFB10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFB10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NDUFB10 were set to 28040730; 32025618
Phenotypes for gene: NDUFB10 were set to fatal infantile lactic acidosis; cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: NDUFB10 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single compound heterozygote case and mitochondrial phenotype. Assays of respiratory chain enzyme activities and functions in patient tissues/fibroblasts and in vitro functional assays. Plant model system supporting mitochondrial complex I dysfunction.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1801 MRM2 Zornitza Stark gene: MRM2 was added
gene: MRM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: MRM2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MRM2 were set to 28973171
Phenotypes for gene: MRM2 were set to MELAS-like
Review for gene: MRM2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single individual reported plus functional data. MRM2 encodes an enzyme responsible for 2'-O-methyl modification at position U1369 in the human mitochondrial 16S rRNA.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1798 IDH3A Zornitza Stark gene: IDH3A was added
gene: IDH3A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: IDH3A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: IDH3A were set to 31012789; 30478029; 30058936; 28412069
Phenotypes for gene: IDH3A were set to Retinitis pigmentosa
Review for gene: IDH3A was set to GREEN
Added comment: Six unrelated families reported with retinitis pigmentosa. Mouse model.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1797 GATC Zornitza Stark gene: GATC was added
gene: GATC was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: GATC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GATC were set to 30283131
Phenotypes for gene: GATC were set to Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: GATC was set to RED
Added comment: Two families with 6 affected individuals reported; same homozygous variant.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1796 GATB Zornitza Stark gene: GATB was added
gene: GATB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: GATB was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GATB were set to 30283131
Phenotypes for gene: GATB were set to Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy
Review for gene: GATB was set to RED
Added comment: Single family reported with two affected siblings
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1795 FECH Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: FECH.
Mendeliome v0.1793 FECH Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FECH was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1792 FECH Zornitza Stark Tag deep intronic tag was added to gene: FECH.
Mendeliome v0.1790 ADAM17 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAM17 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1785 ZNF462 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF462 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1782 HCFC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HCFC1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1781 TFAM Zornitza Stark gene: TFAM was added
gene: TFAM was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: TFAM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TFAM were set to 27448789; 29021295; 9500544
Phenotypes for gene: TFAM were set to Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 15 (hepatocerebral type) MIM#617156
Review for gene: TFAM was set to AMBER
Added comment: One consanguineous family segregates a homozygous variant. Tfam knockout mouse has a mitochondrial cardiomyopathy phenotype and severe mtDNA depletion with abolished oxidative phosphorylation.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1779 TIMM22 Zornitza Stark gene: TIMM22 was added
gene: TIMM22 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: TIMM22 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TIMM22 were set to 30452684
Phenotypes for gene: TIMM22 were set to mitochondrial myopathy; hypotonia; gastroesophageal reflux disease
Review for gene: TIMM22 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One compound heterozygote case identified with supporting in vitro and patient cell functional assays.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1778 TIMMDC1 Zornitza Stark Tag deep intronic tag was added to gene: TIMMDC1.
Mendeliome v0.1777 TIMMDC1 Zornitza Stark gene: TIMMDC1 was added
gene: TIMMDC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: TIMMDC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TIMMDC1 were set to 28604674; 30981218
Phenotypes for gene: TIMMDC1 were set to Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 31 MIM#618251
Review for gene: TIMMDC1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: A deep intronic variant (c.597-1340A>G, only detectable by WGS) that causes a splicing aberration was identified in a homozygous state in 3 unrelated cases from different ethnic backgrounds. A patient with Leigh-like syndrome had a homozygous stopgain variant in PDHX and a homozygous stopgain variant in TIMMDC1 (p.Arg225*). The TIMMDC1 mutant protein could still rescue complex I assembly in TIMMDC1 knockout cells and the patient’s clinical phenotype was not clearly distinct from that of other patients with the same PDHX defect.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1775 TMEM65 Zornitza Stark gene: TMEM65 was added
gene: TMEM65 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM65 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TMEM65 were set to 28295037
Phenotypes for gene: TMEM65 were set to Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
Review for gene: TMEM65 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One homozygous case with a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and functional assays showing the protein is important for mitochondrial respiration and mtDNA copy number maintenance.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1773 SSBP1 Bryony Thompson gene: SSBP1 was added
gene: SSBP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: SSBP1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SSBP1 were set to 31298765; 31479473; 31550237; 31550240
Phenotypes for gene: SSBP1 were set to Optic atrophy with or without extraocular phenotypes
Review for gene: SSBP1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least 9 dominant families/cases and 1 recessive with optic atrophy with/without additional clinical features, including retinal macular dystrophy, sensorineural deafness, mitochondrial myopathy, and kidney failure. Supporting evidence in functional assays and zebrafish model.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1771 COX6A2 Zornitza Stark gene: COX6A2 was added
gene: COX6A2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: COX6A2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: COX6A2 were set to 31155743; 23460811
Phenotypes for gene: COX6A2 were set to Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, MIM# 220110
Review for gene: COX6A2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two unrelated families and two mouse models.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1769 YME1L1 Zornitza Stark gene: YME1L1 was added
gene: YME1L1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: YME1L1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: YME1L1 were set to 30544562; 27495975
Phenotypes for gene: YME1L1 were set to Optic atrophy 11, MIM#617302
Review for gene: YME1L1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: One consanguineous family with a homozygous variant and functional assays. YME1L leads to mitochondrial fragmentation and severely disorganized and attenuated cristae architecture in in vitro functional assays.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1766 ANXA11 Bryony Thompson gene: ANXA11 was added
gene: ANXA11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ANXA11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ANXA11 were set to 28469040; 29845112; 30109997
Phenotypes for gene: ANXA11 were set to Amytrophic lateral sclerosis 23 MIM#617839
Review for gene: ANXA11 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 different missense variants in 10 patients from 7 unrelated families with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and functional assays supporting association.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1763 UQCRQ Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UQCRQ was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1759 UQCRC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UQCRC2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1755 UQCC3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UQCC3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1751 TXN2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TXN2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1747 TARS2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TARS2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1744 SLC25A32 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC25A32 was added
gene: SLC25A32 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A32 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC25A32 were set to 26933868; 28443623
Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A32 were set to Exercise intolerance, riboflavin-responsive, MIM# 616839
Review for gene: SLC25A32 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with functional data. Muscle biopsy showed ragged-red fibers and lipid storage mainly in type I oxidative fibers, small type II fibers, and poor immunostaining for succinate dehydrogenase (FAD-dependent mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II). Oral supplementation with riboflavin led to dramatic improvement in the clinical and biologic abnormalities.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1741 NFS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NFS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1737 NDUFA6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFA6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1734 NDUFA4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFA4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1730 NDUFA13 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFA13 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1727 NADK2 Zornitza Stark gene: NADK2 was added
gene: NADK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: NADK2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NADK2 were set to 24847004; 29388319; 27940755
Phenotypes for gene: NADK2 were set to 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase deficiency, MIM# 616034
Review for gene: NADK2 was set to GREEN
gene: NADK2 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in severe neurologic and metabolic dysfunction beginning in early infancy reported in two individuals with confirmed variants in this gene. Another individual with homozygous hypomorphic start loss variant g.36241900 A>G p. Met1Val and milder phenotype reported (PMID:29388319).
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1725 ISCA1 Zornitza Stark gene: ISCA1 was added
gene: ISCA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ISCA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ISCA1 were set to 28356563; 32092383; 31016283; 30113620; 30105122
Phenotypes for gene: ISCA1 were set to Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 5, MIM# 617613
Review for gene: ISCA1 was set to GREEN
gene: ISCA1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Multiple unrelated families reported. Severe disorder characterised by progressive neurologic deterioration beginning in early infancy. Affected individuals have essentially no psychomotor development and have early-onset seizures with neurologic decline and spasticity. Brain imaging shows severe leukodystrophy with evidence of dys- or delayed myelination. Rat model results in early lethality. Founder variant c.259G > A, p.(Glu87Lys) reported in Indian families.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1722 ERCC5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ERCC5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1719 BTD Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BTD was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1716 CTNNB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CTNNB1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1715 CTNNB1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CTNNB1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1713 ARL11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARL11 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1709 CLCN6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCN6 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1706 SEMA6B Zornitza Stark gene: SEMA6B was added
gene: SEMA6B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SEMA6B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SEMA6B were set to 32169168
Phenotypes for gene: SEMA6B were set to Progressive myoclonic epilepsy
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SEMA6B was set to Other
Review for gene: SEMA6B was set to GREEN
Added comment: Five individuals from unrelated families reported with de novo variants in the last exon, escaping NMD.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1701 CAMTA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CAMTA1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1700 CAMTA1 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: CAMTA1.
Mendeliome v0.1699 TNNI3K Zornitza Stark gene: TNNI3K was added
gene: TNNI3K was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TNNI3K was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: TNNI3K were set to 30010057; 29355681
Phenotypes for gene: TNNI3K were set to Cardiac conduction disease with or without dilated cardiomyopathy, MIM# 616117
Review for gene: TNNI3K was set to GREEN
gene: TNNI3K was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: At least 6 multigenerational families reported where variants segregated with disease.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1696 GPT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GPT2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1693 ERCC6L2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ERCC6L2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1690 SUPT16H Zornitza Stark gene: SUPT16H was added
gene: SUPT16H was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SUPT16H was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SUPT16H were set to 31924697
Phenotypes for gene: SUPT16H were set to Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the corpus callosum
Review for gene: SUPT16H was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated individuals with de novo missense variants in this gene. Publication also reports on a deletion, but note this includes other genes and the individual also had another CNV.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1687 RARS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RARS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1684 TNR Zornitza Stark gene: TNR was added
gene: TNR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TNR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TNR were set to 32099069
Phenotypes for gene: TNR were set to Spastic para- or tetraparesis; Axial muscular hypotonia; Intellectual disability; Transient opisthotonus
Review for gene: TNR was set to GREEN
Added comment: 13 individuals from 8 unrelated families reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1681 RSPRY1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RSPRY1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1677 RPS23 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS23 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1676 RPS23 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS23 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1667 HMGA2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HMGA2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1666 HMGA2 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: HMGA2.
Mendeliome v0.1661 MFSD2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MFSD2A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1659 MED12L Zornitza Stark gene: MED12L was added
gene: MED12L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MED12L was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MED12L were set to 31155615
Phenotypes for gene: MED12L were set to Intellectual disability; Seizures; Autism
Review for gene: MED12L was set to GREEN
Added comment: 7 individuals reported, 3 with CNVs (encompassing other genes) and 4 with SNVs (frameshift, nonsense and splice site).
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1657 MCM3AP Zornitza Stark gene: MCM3AP was added
gene: MCM3AP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MCM3AP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MCM3AP were set to 24123876; 28633435; 28969388; 29982295
Phenotypes for gene: MCM3AP were set to Peripheral neuropathy, autosomal recessive, with or without impaired intellectual development, MIM#618124
Review for gene: MCM3AP was set to GREEN
gene: MCM3AP was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: At least 10 families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1654 MAPRE2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAPRE2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1651 PURA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PURA was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1648 BPTF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BPTF was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1645 TRIO Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIO was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1642 MAN1B1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MAN1B1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1640 KMT2C Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KMT2C was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1638 GLRX5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GLRX5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1636 NUDT2 Zornitza Stark gene: NUDT2 was added
gene: NUDT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: NUDT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NUDT2 were set to 27431290; 30059600
Phenotypes for gene: NUDT2 were set to Muscular hypotonia; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability
Review for gene: NUDT2 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 7 affected individuals from 4 Saudi families, with same homozygous truncating variant.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1634 NKAP Zornitza Stark gene: NKAP was added
gene: NKAP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: NKAP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: NKAP were set to 26358559; 26350204; 31587868
Phenotypes for gene: NKAP were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: NKAP was set to GREEN
gene: NKAP was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 10 males from 8 unrelated families with missense mutations in NKAP (on Xq24) Hypotonia and tall stature with Marfanoid habitus was predominant phenotype. One variant (NM_024528:c.988G>A / p.Arg333Gln)
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1631 TBR1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TBR1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1628 GNRHR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GNRHR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1625 MYO9A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYO9A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1623 ZDHHC15 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZDHHC15 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1619 ZBTB16 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZBTB16 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1615 ZBTB11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZBTB11 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1611 WNT3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WNT3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1607 RS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RS1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1604 SMC1A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMC1A was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.1602 AIRE Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: AIRE was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1601 AIRE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AIRE was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1600 AIRE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AIRE was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1597 LOXHD1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LOXHD1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1594 WFS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WFS1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1589 VARS Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: VARS was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1588 KRT6A Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KRT6A was changed from Other to Other
Mendeliome v0.1585 KRT6A Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KRT6A was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1584 KRT6A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KRT6A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1581 TUBA8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBA8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1577 RPL26 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL26 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1572 ABCC6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCC6 was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1571 ABCC6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCC6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1568 TRIM8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIM8 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1565 TPH2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TPH2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1562 SPOP Zornitza Stark gene: SPOP was added
gene: SPOP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPOP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SPOP were set to 32109420
Phenotypes for gene: SPOP were set to Intellectual disability; dysmorphism; microcephaly; macrocephaly
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SPOP was set to Other
Review for gene: SPOP was set to GREEN
Added comment: Seven individuals reported with de novo missense variants in this gene. Gain-of-function variants associated with microcephaly whereas dominant-negative variants associated with macrocephaly.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1559 TNIK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TNIK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1555 TMLHE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMLHE was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1553 TMEM94 Zornitza Stark gene: TMEM94 was added
gene: TMEM94 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM94 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TMEM94 were set to 30526868
Phenotypes for gene: TMEM94 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with cardiac defects and dysmorphic facies, MIM#618316
Review for gene: TMEM94 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 10 individuals from 6 unrelated families.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1550 TMEM260 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM260 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1546 TKT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TKT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1542 TELO2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TELO2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1539 TECR Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TECR was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1535 TBC1D7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TBC1D7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1531 TAF2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TAF2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1527 TAF13 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TAF13 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1523 SYT14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SYT14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1519 SRPX2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SRPX2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1515 SPRTN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPRTN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1512 MC4R Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MC4R was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1509 KMT2A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KMT2A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1506 RBM20 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RBM20 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1503 SLC52A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC52A1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1498 PTCH2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PTCH2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1494 COL2A1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL2A1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1491 DNMT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNMT1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1488 CEP135 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP135 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1486 CYP21A2 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: CYP21A2.
Mendeliome v0.1486 CYP21A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CYP21A2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1483 CDK13 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDK13 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1480 F13B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: F13B was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1477 FMO3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FMO3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1474 PNPLA6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PNPLA6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1473 CEP85L Zornitza Stark gene: CEP85L was added
gene: CEP85L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP85L was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CEP85L were set to 32097630
Phenotypes for gene: CEP85L were set to Lissencephaly, posterior predominant
Review for gene: CEP85L was set to GREEN
Added comment: Thirteen individuals reported with mono allelic variants in this gene, inherited in two of the families. Mouse model had neuronal migration defects.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1469 SOBP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SOBP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1465 SNIP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SNIP1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1461 SMG9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMG9 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1458 TMPRSS3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TMPRSS3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1455 POU3F4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: POU3F4 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1452 SLIT2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLIT2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1448 CEL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CEL was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1444 WDR81 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR81 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1443 ARSG Zornitza Stark gene: ARSG was added
gene: ARSG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARSG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ARSG were set to 29300381; 20679209; 25452429; 26975023
Phenotypes for gene: ARSG were set to Usher syndrome, type IV, MIM# 618144
Review for gene: ARSG was set to RED
Added comment: Atypical late-onset RP/HL phenotype described in 5 individuals from three Yemenite Jewish families. Same homozygous missense variant identified in all, founder effect. Animal models associated with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1440 OTOF Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OTOF was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1438 MYL1 Bryony Thompson gene: MYL1 was added
gene: MYL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: MYL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MYL1 were set to 30215711
Phenotypes for gene: MYL1 were set to Myopathy, congenital, with fast-twitch (type II) fiber atrophy MIM#618414
Review for gene: MYL1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two probands with congenital myopathy and a zebrafish model. Probably need one more family to push it over the line.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1436 FXR1 Bryony Thompson gene: FXR1 was added
gene: FXR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: FXR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FXR1 were set to 30770808
Phenotypes for gene: FXR1 were set to Congenital multi-minicore myopathy
Review for gene: FXR1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two unrelated families and a mouse model with non-lethal myopathy phenotype.
Sources: NHS GMS
Mendeliome v0.1433 TBCE Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TBCE was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1430 HTRA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: HTRA1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1429 HTRA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HTRA1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1426 PLPBP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLPBP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1423 PTPN11 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PTPN11 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1422 PTPN11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPN11 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1419 SYNE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SYNE1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1416 PNPT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PNPT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1410 AANAT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AANAT was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1408 DUX4 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: DUX4.
Mendeliome v0.1407 DUX4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DUX4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1403 SLC6A4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC6A4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1399 TREX1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TREX1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1396 HGSNAT Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HGSNAT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1393 PNKP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PNKP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1390 DNAH5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAH5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1387 CDH23 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDH23 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1384 SHROOM4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SHROOM4 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1380 F2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: F2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1379 F2 Zornitza Stark Tag 5'UTR tag was added to gene: F2.
Mendeliome v0.1378 CHD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHD2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1375 INTS1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: INTS1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1370 SOX3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SOX3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1368 SOX3 Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: SOX3.
Mendeliome v0.1368 AKT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AKT1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1366 AKT1 Zornitza Stark Tag somatic tag was added to gene: AKT1.
Mendeliome v0.1365 AKT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: AKT1 was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.1362 PEX6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PEX6 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1360 PUF60 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PUF60 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1358 ATRX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATRX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.1356 PTRHD1 Zornitza Stark gene: PTRHD1 was added
gene: PTRHD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PTRHD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PTRHD1 were set to 30398675; 27134041; 27753167; 29143421
Phenotypes for gene: PTRHD1 were set to Parkinsonism; Intellectual disability
Review for gene: PTRHD1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families reported: two with homozygous missense variants; and one with truncating variant. Affected individuals have juvenile-onset parkinsonism and ID.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1353 GFER Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GFER was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1350 KRT14 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KRT14 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1349 KRT14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KRT14 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1346 PITRM1 Zornitza Stark gene: PITRM1 was added
gene: PITRM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: PITRM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PITRM1 were set to 26697887; 29764912; 29383861
Phenotypes for gene: PITRM1 were set to Ataxia; Intellectual disability
Review for gene: PITRM1 was set to GREEN
gene: PITRM1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Three unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1344 CSGALNACT1 Tiong Tan gene: CSGALNACT1 was added
gene: CSGALNACT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review,Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CSGALNACT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CSGALNACT1 were set to Congenital disorders of glycosylation; skeletal dysplasia; advanced bone age
Review for gene: CSGALNACT1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Two unrelated families and functional studies
Sources: Expert Review, Literature
Mendeliome v0.1341 UNC13A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UNC13A was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1338 TOR1AIP1 Bryony Thompson gene: TOR1AIP1 was added
gene: TOR1AIP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: TOR1AIP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TOR1AIP1 were set to 24856141; 31299614; 30723199; 27342937
Phenotypes for gene: TOR1AIP1 were set to Muscular dystrophy, autosomal recessive, with rigid spine and distal joint contractures MIM#617072
Review for gene: TOR1AIP1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least 5 families/cases reported with muscular dystrophy and sometimes cardiomyopathy.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1335 EML1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EML1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1333 ELMO2 Zornitza Stark gene: ELMO2 was added
gene: ELMO2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: ELMO2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ELMO2 were set to 27476657
Phenotypes for gene: ELMO2 were set to Vascular malformation, primary intraosseous, MIM#606893
Review for gene: ELMO2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Five unrelated families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1325 MAP3K20 Bryony Thompson gene: MAP3K20 was added
gene: MAP3K20 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MAP3K20 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MAP3K20 were set to 27816943; 26755636
Phenotypes for gene: MAP3K20 were set to Centronuclear myopathy 6 with fiber-type disproportion MIM#617760; Split-foot malformation with mesoaxial polydactyly MIM#616890
Review for gene: MAP3K20 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 3 unrelated consanguineous families homozygous for 3 different variants with centronuclear myopathy, and at least 2 families reported with split-foot malformation. Null mouse model is embryonic lethal due to severe cardiac edema and growth retardation. Gene alias of ZAK used in the published studies.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1322 PCDH10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PCDH10 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1318 LNPK Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LNPK was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1314 KIF4A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF4A was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1310 KCNK4 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KCNK4 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1309 KCNK4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNK4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1306 INTS8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: INTS8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1302 SCO2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SCO2 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1299 IDUA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IDUA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1296 AHI1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AHI1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1293 TGM5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TGM5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1290 PLEC Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLEC was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1287 HSPG2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HSPG2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1286 BEST1 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: BEST1 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1283 BEST1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BEST1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1280 IGBP1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IGBP1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1276 IQSEC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: IQSEC2 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1275 IQSEC2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IQSEC2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.1273 GRIA1 Zornitza Stark gene: GRIA1 was added
gene: GRIA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: GRIA1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: GRIA1 were set to 28628100; 23033978; 26350204; 24896178
Phenotypes for gene: GRIA1 were set to Intellectual disability; autism
Review for gene: GRIA1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Multiple affected individuals reported but in large ID cohorts reporting multiple candidate genes. Recurrent (p.A636T) variant.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1270 HDAC4 Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: HDAC4 was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1268 HDAC4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HDAC4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1264 UBR4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: UBR4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1260 GMNN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GMNN was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1258 TRAPPC4 Zornitza Stark gene: TRAPPC4 was added
gene: TRAPPC4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAPPC4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TRAPPC4 were set to 31794024
Phenotypes for gene: TRAPPC4 were set to intellectual disability; epilepsy; spasticity; microcephaly
Review for gene: TRAPPC4 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Seven individuals from three unrelated families reported; recurrent splice site variant (hg19:chr11:g.118890966A>G; TRAPPC4: NM_016146.5; c.454+3A>G), not a founder variant.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.1256 SNX27 Zornitza Stark gene: SNX27 was added
gene: SNX27 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: SNX27 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SNX27 were set to 25894286; 31721175; 21300787; 23524343
Phenotypes for gene: SNX27 were set to intellectual disability; seizures
Review for gene: SNX27 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three unrelated families and animal model.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.1254 NSF Zornitza Stark gene: NSF was added
gene: NSF was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NSF was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: NSF were set to 31675180
Phenotypes for gene: NSF were set to Seizures; EEG with burst suppression; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability
Review for gene: NSF was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two individuals reported with de novo missense variants in this gene.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1252 KAT8 Zornitza Stark gene: KAT8 was added
gene: KAT8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: KAT8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: KAT8 were set to 31794431
Phenotypes for gene: KAT8 were set to Intellectual disability; seizures; autism; dysmorphic features
Review for gene: KAT8 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Eight unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene and a mouse model. All variants missense, in the chromobarrel domain or the acetyltransferase domain; three individuals had the same variant p.Tyr90Cys . One more individual reported with bi-allelic variants: one missense and one frameshift; carrier parents were normal suggesting that may be haploinsuffiency is not the mechanism.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1249 GABBR2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GABBR2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1245 HNRNPU Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HNRNPU was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1243 SERPINI1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SERPINI1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1240 TTC7A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC7A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1238 OPA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OPA1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1235 SASS6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SASS6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1231 ACTB Sebastian Lunke Mode of pathogenicity for gene: ACTB was changed from to Other
Mendeliome v0.1230 ACTB Sebastian Lunke Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTB was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1226 GCKR Sebastian Lunke Mode of inheritance for gene: GCKR was changed from Unknown to Other
Mendeliome v0.1222 CNTN1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CNTN1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1218 NDUFA12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFA12 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1214 MRPS7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPS7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1210 MRPS23 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPS23 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1208 MRPL12 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPL12 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1202 LYRM4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LYRM4 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1198 COX8A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COX8A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1194 COA5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COA5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1191 CLCN5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCN5 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Mendeliome v0.1189 PHEX Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PHEX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.1186 EHMT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EHMT1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1183 FIBP Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FIBP was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1179 CHST8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHST8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1177 RASA2 Sebastian Lunke Mode of inheritance for gene: RASA2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1174 TKFC Zornitza Stark gene: TKFC was added
gene: TKFC was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TKFC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TKFC were set to 32004446
Phenotypes for gene: TKFC were set to Developmental delay; cataracts; liver dysfunction
Review for gene: TKFC was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1172 RALGAPA1 Zornitza Stark gene: RALGAPA1 was added
gene: RALGAPA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RALGAPA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RALGAPA1 were set to 32004447
Phenotypes for gene: RALGAPA1 were set to Intellectual disability; hypotonia; infantile spasms.
Review for gene: RALGAPA1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1169 EPB41L1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EPB41L1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1165 EMC1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EMC1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1163 SOD2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SOD2 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1159 ATAD3A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATAD3A was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1158 ATAD3A Zornitza Stark Tag SV/CNV tag was added to gene: ATAD3A.
Mendeliome v0.1156 MYOM1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYOM1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1152 DLG4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DLG4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1148 DIP2B Zornitza Stark Mode of pathogenicity for gene: DIP2B was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Mendeliome v0.1147 DIP2B Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DIP2B was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1144 DCPS Zornitza Stark gene: DCPS was added
gene: DCPS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: DCPS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DCPS were set to 25701870; 30289615; 25712129
Phenotypes for gene: DCPS were set to Al-Raqad syndrome, MIM#616459
Review for gene: DCPS was set to GREEN
gene: DCPS was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 7 individuals from 3 families reported.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1142 CUX1 Zornitza Stark gene: CUX1 was added
gene: CUX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: CUX1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: CUX1 were set to 25059644; 20510857; 30014507
Phenotypes for gene: CUX1 were set to Global developmental delay with or without impaired intellectual development, 618330
Review for gene: CUX1 was set to GREEN
gene: CUX1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Nine individuals from 7 families reported. Three individuals had normal intelligence at school age despite significant early developmental delay.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1139 COA3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COA3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1135 CNTN3 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CNTN3 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1133 CDK5R1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDK5R1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1127 LIPN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LIPN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1124 SDR9C7 Zornitza Stark gene: SDR9C7 was added
gene: SDR9C7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SDR9C7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SDR9C7 were set to 28173123; 28369735
Phenotypes for gene: SDR9C7 were set to Ichthyosis, congenital, autosomal recessive 13 MIM#617574
Review for gene: SDR9C7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three homozygous variants in 4 families with congenital ichthyosis.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.1121 ACSL4 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACSL4 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.1120 RBBP8 Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Individuals from 3 families reported in the literature with bi-allelic variants in this gene: clinical diagnosis was Jawad syndrome in one, and Seckel syndrome in 2. ID is a reported feature. Additional variant in ClinVar, so overall rating Green.
Mendeliome v0.1117 RBBP8 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: RBBP8 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1115 NIPBL Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NIPBL was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1112 HUWE1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HUWE1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.1109 FLNA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FLNA was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Mendeliome v0.1107 WDR35 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR35 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1105 DNAH11 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAH11 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1103 ELOVL1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ELOVL1 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1101 CLDN10 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLDN10 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1096 CSTA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CSTA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1093 CDSN Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CDSN was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1091 CASP14 Zornitza Stark gene: CASP14 was added
gene: CASP14 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: CASP14 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CASP14 were set to 27494380; 23014340; 17515931
Phenotypes for gene: CASP14 were set to Ichthyosis, congenital, autosomal recessive 12 MIM#617320
Review for gene: CASP14 was set to AMBER
Added comment: The same 2bp deletion was identified in 3 patients with a mild form of generalised ichthyosis from 2 Algerian families. Casp14-/- mouse models had prominent dermatological features.
Sources: Expert Review
Mendeliome v0.1087 ALDH3A2 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDH3A2 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1084 ABHD5 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ABHD5 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1081 TUBGCP6 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBGCP6 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1078 MYT1L Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MYT1L was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.1076 LIPT1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LIPT1 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1074 ARSA Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARSA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1070 ACTA1 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTA1 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal