Mendeliome
Gene: TLN1 Amber List (moderate evidence)I don't know
PMID: 40960860 de novo L353F identified in a patient with increased nuchal translucency, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, congenital cataracts, multiple episodes of acute bronchitis, skin lesions and swelling after exercise in cold weather. Overlapping authors with PMID: 35861643, and they are postulating this is a 2nd case of the condition reported there. Some functional studies showing decreased thermal stability, has slower cellular migration and that it was slightly more aggregation-prone than WT.
Shared symptoms between both patients; leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, congenital cataract, and recurring episodes of acute bronchitis. Both mutations situated in the talin-1 head F2F3 domains and both have been shown to have defects in cellular migration and integrin activation.Created: 10 Oct 2025, 4:16 p.m. | Last Modified: 10 Oct 2025, 4:16 p.m.
Panel Version: 1.3362
PMID: 39704176 c.7188+2T>C heterozygous in a family with systemic capillary leak syndrome SCLS. 5 diagnosed family members with SCLS and another 8 presumed to have SLCS. Variant was present in 4 diagnosed individuals (5th not tested), but also present in 9 unaffected family members from 3 generations. Sounds unrelated to any of the previously reported conditions for this gene and has incomplete penetrance. Red for this associationCreated: 10 Oct 2025, 3:54 p.m. | Last Modified: 10 Oct 2025, 3:54 p.m.
Panel Version: 1.3362
Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes
Capillary leak syndrome MONDO:0001956, TLN1-related
Publications
I don't know
Functional studies performed on variants identified by Turkey et al (PMID:30888838).
Fibroblasts migration and cell-cell junction integrity were measured however, the results were not consistent across all variants.
still amberCreated: 5 Sep 2024, 8:32 a.m. | Last Modified: 5 Sep 2024, 8:32 a.m.
Panel Version: 1.1976
Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes
idiopathic spontaneous coronary artery dissection MONDO:0007385
Publications
Variants in this GENE are reported as part of current diagnostic practice
Red List (low evidence)
PMID:35861643 reported a 20-year old man of Mexican ancestry with a complex phenotype including thrombocytopenia, T lymphopenia, and low IgG levels. The patient generally had a platelet count of <20 000/mcL, but without significant bleeding, and an absolute lymphocyte count of <1000/mcL and low absolute T-cells. Recent B-cell subset analysis revealed 96% naïve and 4% switched memory B-cells and initial serum immunoglobulin levels at six years of age included: IgG 273, IgA 130, IgM 36. Because of poor antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccine, he was started on immunoglobulin replacement therapy, which he has continued to the present.
He continued to experienced intermittent sinusitis, otitis media and bronchitis since 10 years of age, which cleared with oral antibiotics. At 18 years of age, he had abdominal pain at times that was diagnosed as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, headaches often treated as migraines, and joint pain with limited signs of active arthritis.
He was identified with a de novo heterozygous variant c.685C > T (p.Pro 229 Ser) that was not present in his parents.Created: 3 Mar 2023, 6:45 p.m. | Last Modified: 3 Mar 2023, 6:45 p.m.
Panel Version: 1.700
Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes
thrombocytopenia, MONDO:0002049; lymphopenia, MONDO:0003783
Publications
I don't know
10 unique rare heterozygous missense variants in 11 individuals were identified in a 2 generation SCAD family and 56 unrelated individuals with sporadic SCAD. All variants had a MAF of less than 0.06% and occurred within highly conserved β-integrin, F-actin, or vinculin binding domains. Incomplete penetrance was evident in the familial case and five individuals with sporadic SCAD from whom parental DNA was available. No functional assays were conducted.
Sources: LiteratureCreated: 11 Mar 2022, 11:22 a.m.
Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes
idiopathic spontaneous coronary artery dissection MONDO:0007385
Publications
Publications for gene: TLN1 were set to 30888838; 35861643
Phenotypes for gene: TLN1 were changed from idiopathic spontaneous coronary artery dissection MONDO:0007385 to idiopathic spontaneous coronary artery dissection MONDO:0007385; thrombocytopenia, MONDO:0002049, TLN1-related
Publications for gene: TLN1 were set to 30888838
Gene: tln1 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Gene: tln1 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
gene: TLN1 was added gene: TLN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TLN1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TLN1 were set to 30888838 Phenotypes for gene: TLN1 were set to idiopathic spontaneous coronary artery dissection MONDO:0007385 Review for gene: TLN1 was set to AMBER
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at panelapp@genomicsengland.co.uk
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.