Mendeliome
Gene: BSN Green List (high evidence)Green List (high evidence)
Guzman et al 2025: Described 12 additional patients with missense (3/12) and premature termination variants (9/12) which included de novo and inherited variants, suggesting incomplete penetrance.
They assessed all reported patients (n=29) which revealed common clinical characteristics including epilepsy(13/29), febrile seizures (7/29), generalised tonic-clonic seizures (5/29), and focal-onset seizures (3/29). Behavioural phenotypes were present in almost half of all individuals (14/29), which included ADHD (7/29) and autistic behaviour (5/29). Additional common features included developmental delay (11/29), obesity (10/29), and delayed speech (8/29). In adults with BSN PTVs, milder features were common, suggesting phenotypic variability, including a range of individuals without obvious neurodevelopmental features (7/29).Created: 1 Aug 2025, 6:23 a.m. | Last Modified: 1 Aug 2025, 6:23 a.m.
Panel Version: 1.2789
Mode of inheritance
BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Epilepsy (MONDO:0005027), BSN-related
Publications
Green List (high evidence)
Comment when marking as ready: We are aware of additional mono-allelic cases.Created: 5 Jan 2023, 4:23 a.m. | Last Modified: 5 Jan 2023, 4:23 a.m.
Panel Version: 1.597
Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes
Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), BSN-related
Green List (high evidence)
Ye et al 2022, Neurogenetics - https://jmg.bmj.com/content/early/2022/12/12/jmg-2022-108865
Identified 4 unrelated individuals with epilepsy and compound heterozygous BSN variants via trio WES (combination of null and missense). Homozygous knockout mouse models showed abnormal CNS transmission and seizure activity. None of the identified variants were present in population databases as homozygotes. One individual had ID and microcephaly but all other individuals with biallelic variants had normal development.
In addition, heterozygous variants were identified in unrelated affected individuals - 2 apparently co-segregating missense variants and 2 de novo null variants. These variants were either absent in population databases or rare. The authors note that affected individuals with heterozygous variants had milder disease - either requiring no therapy or monotherapy only. Heterozygous knockout mice had no phenotype and there were not enough affected individuals in the families to truly determine co-segregation. In addition, carrier parents of individuals with biallelic variants did not appear to be affected.
Association between biallelic variants and epilepsy stronger than for monoallelic.
Sources: LiteratureCreated: 5 Jan 2023, 3:56 a.m. | Last Modified: 5 Jan 2023, 4:45 a.m.
Panel Version: 1.601
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Epilepsy MONDO:0005027
Phenotypes for gene: BSN were changed from Epilepsy MONDO:0005027 to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), BSN-related
Gene: bsn has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mode of inheritance for gene: BSN was changed from BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Gene: bsn has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
gene: BSN was added gene: BSN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BSN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: BSN were set to Epilepsy MONDO:0005027 Review for gene: BSN was set to GREEN
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at panelapp@genomicsengland.co.uk
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.